EX-4.1 3 a2086474zex-4_1.htm EXHIBIT 4.1
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Exhibit 4.1

SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT

This Securities Purchase Agreement is entered into and dated as of August 12, 2002 (this "Agreement"), among EarthShell Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and the purchasers identified on the signature pages hereto (each, a "Purchaser" and collectively, the "Purchasers").

WHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, the Company desires to issue and sell to the Purchasers, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly, desire to purchase from the Company, certain securities of the Company pursuant to the terms set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchasers agree as follows:

ARTICLE I.

DEFINITIONS

1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:

"Actual Minimum" means, as of any date, the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock then issued or potentially issuable in the future pursuant to the Transaction Documents, including any Underlying Shares issuable upon exercise or conversion in full of all Warrants and convertible Securities, ignoring any limits on the number of shares of Common Stock that may be owned by a Purchaser at any one time and assuming that (a) any previously unconverted Debentures are held until the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date or, if earlier, until maturity, and all interest on the Debentures is paid in shares of Common Stock, (b) the maximum number of Underlying Shares is issued pursuant to the Warrants, (c) the Conversion Price (as defined in the Debentures) at all times on and after the date of determination equals 100% of the actual Conversion Price on the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of determination.

"Affiliate" means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. With respect to a Purchaser, any investment fund or managed account that is managed on a discretionary basis by the same investment manager as such Purchaser will be deemed to be an Affiliate of such Purchaser.

"Bankruptcy Event" means any of the following events: (a) the Company or any Subsidiary commences a case or other proceeding under any bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment of debt, relief of debtors, dissolution, insolvency or liquidation or similar law of any jurisdiction relating to the Company or any Subsidiary thereof; (b) there is commenced against the Company or any Subsidiary any such case or proceeding that is not dismissed within 60 days after commencement; (c) the Company or any Subsidiary is adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction insolvent or bankrupt or any order of relief or other order approving any such case or proceeding is entered; (d) the Company or any Subsidiary suffers any appointment of any custodian or the like for it or any substantial part of its property that is not discharged or stayed within 60 days; (e) under applicable bankruptcy law the Company or any Subsidiary makes a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; (f) the Company or any Subsidiary fails to pay, or states that it is unable to pay or is unable to pay, its debts generally as they become due; (g) the Company or any Subsidiary calls a meeting of its creditors with a view to arranging a composition, adjustment or restructuring of its debts; or (h) the Company or any Subsidiary, by any act or failure to act, expressly indicates its consent to, approval of or acquiescence in any of the foregoing or takes any corporate or other action for the purpose of effecting any of the foregoing.

"Change of Control" means the occurrence of any of the following in one or a series of related transactions: (i) an acquisition after the date hereof by an individual or legal entity or "group" (as described in Rule 13d-5(b)(1) under the Exchange Act) of more than one-third of the voting rights or equity interests in the Company; (ii) a replacement of more than one-half of the members of the Company's board of directors in a single election of directors that is not approved by those individuals who are members of the board of directors on the date hereof (or other directors previously approved by such individuals); (iii) a merger or consolidation of the Company or any Subsidiary or a sale of more than one-third of the assets of the Company in one or a series of related transactions, unless following such transaction or series of transactions, the holders of the Company's securities prior to the first such transaction continue to hold at least two-thirds of the voting rights and equity interests in the surviving entity or acquirer of such assets; (iv) a recapitalization, reorganization or other transaction involving the Company or any Subsidiary that constitutes or results in a transfer of more than one-third of the voting rights or equity interests in the Company, unless following such transaction or series of transactions, the holders of the Company's securities prior to the first such transaction continue to hold at least two-thirds of the voting rights and equity interests in the surviving entity or acquirer of such assets; (v) consummation of a "Rule 13e-3 transaction" as defined in Rule 13e-3 under the Exchange Act with respect to the Company, or (vi) the execution by the Company or its controlling shareholders of an agreement providing for or reasonably likely to result in any of the foregoing events.

"Closing" means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.

"Closing Date" means the date of the Closing.

"Closing Price" means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on an Eligible Market or any other national securities exchange, the closing bid price per share of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the primary Eligible Market or exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted; (b) if prices for the Common Stock are then quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board, the closing bid price per share of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) so quoted; (c) if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the "Pink Sheets" published by the National Quotation Bureau Incorporated (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported; or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by a majority in interest of the Purchasers.

"Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

"Common Stock" means the common stock of the Company, $0.01 par value per share, and any securities into which such common stock may hereafter be reclassified.

"Company Counsel" means Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, counsel to the Company.

"Debentures" means $10,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of secured convertible debentures due August 12, 2007 issued by the Company to the Purchasers hereunder in the form of Exhibit A hereto.

"Eligible Market" means any of the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq National Market or the Nasdaq Small Cap Market.

"Event Equity Value" means 115% of the average of the Closing Prices for the five Trading Days preceding either (a) the date of delivery of the notice requiring payment of the Event Equity Value or (b) the date on which such required payment (together with any other payments,

expenses and liquidated damages then due and payable under the Transaction Documents) is paid in full, whichever is greater.

"Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

"Going Concern Opinion" means the issuance of an audit letter containing a "going concern" by the Company's independent public accountant for the Company's current annual report on Form 10-K pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) under the Exchange Act.

"Letter of Credit" means the Letter of Credit issued by Wachovia Bank, National Association to each purchaser in the form of Exhibit E hereto in an aggregate amount equal to $10,000,000.

"Losses" means any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, settlement costs and expenses, including without limitation costs of preparation of legal action and reasonable attorneys' fees.

"Person" means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

"Proceeding" means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.

"Purchaser Counsel" means Proskauer Rose LLP, counsel to the Purchasers.

"Registration Statement" means the Company's registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-76092), declared effective by the Commission on January 7, 2002, as updated through the date hereof.

"Required Minimum" means, as of any date, the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock then issued or potentially issuable in the future pursuant to the Transaction Documents, including any Underlying Shares issuable upon exercise or conversion in full of all Warrants and convertible Securities, ignoring any limits on the number of shares of Common Stock that may be owned by a Purchaser at any one time and assuming that:(a) any previously unconverted Debentures are held until the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date or, if earlier, until maturity, and all interest on the Debentures is paid in shares of Common Stock, (b) the maximum number of Underlying Shares is issued pursuant to the Warrants and (c) the Conversion Price (as defined in the Debentures) at all times on and after the date of determination equals 50% of the actual Conversion Price (as defined in the Debentures) on the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of determination.

"Rule 144" means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same effect as such Rule.

"Securities" means the Shares, the Debentures, the Warrants and the Underlying Shares issued or issuable (as applicable) to the applicable Purchaser pursuant to the Transaction Documents.

"Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

"Shares" means an aggregate of three (3) shares of Common Stock, which are being purchased by the Purchasers pursuant to this Agreement.

"Subsidiary" means any subsidiary of the Company that is required to be listed in Schedule 3.1(a).

"Supplement" means the prospectus supplement to the prospectus which was filed with the Registration Statement reflecting the sale of the Securities.

"Trading Day" means (a) any day on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted and traded on its primary Trading Market, (b) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted and traded on any Eligible Market, then a day on which trading occurs on the Nasdaq National Market (or any successor thereto), or (c) if trading does not occur on the Nasdaq National Market (or any successor thereto), any business day.

"Trading Market" means Nasdaq National Market or any other national securities exchange, market or trading or quotation facility on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted.

"Transaction Documents" means this Agreement, the Warrants, the Debentures, the Transfer Agent Instructions, the Letter of Credit and any other documents or agreements executed or delivered in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.

"Transfer Agent Instructions" means the Company's transfer agent instructions in the form of Exhibit C.

"Triggering Event" means any of the following events: (a) immediately prior to any Bankruptcy Event; (b) the Common Stock is not listed or quoted, or is suspended from trading, on an Eligible Market for a period of five Trading Days (which need not be consecutive Trading Days); (c) the Company fails for any reason to deliver a certificate evidencing any Securities to a Purchaser within five Trading Days after delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to any Transaction Document or the exercise or conversion rights of the Holders pursuant to the Transaction Documents are otherwise suspended for any reason; (d) the Company fails to have available a sufficient number of authorized but unissued and otherwise unreserved shares of Common Stock available to issue Underlying Shares upon any exercise of the Warrants or any conversion of convertible Securities; (e) at any time after the Closing Date, any Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Transaction Documents is not listed on an Eligible Market; (f) the Company effects or publicly announces its intention to effect any exchange, recapitalization or other transaction that effectively requires or rewards physical delivery of certificates evidencing the Common Stock, unless following such transaction or series of transactions, the holders of the Company's securities prior to the first such transaction continue to hold at least two-thirds of the voting rights and equity interests in the surviving entity or acquirer of such assets; (g) the Company fails to make any cash payment required under the Transaction Documents and such failure is not cured within five Trading Days after notice of such default is first given to the Company by a Purchaser; (h) the issuance of a Going Concern Opinion; or (i) the Company defaults in the timely performance of any other obligation under the Transaction Documents and such default continues uncured for a period of 20 days after the date on which written notice of such default is first given to the Company by a Purchaser (it being understood that no prior notice need be given in the case of a default that cannot reasonably be cured within 20 days).

"Underlying Shares" means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Debentures and upon exercise of the Warrants and in satisfaction of any other obligation of the Company to issue shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Transaction Documents.

"Warrant" means a Common Stock purchase warrant in the form of Exhibit C.

ARTICLE II.

PURCHASE AND SALE

2.1 Closing. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, at the Closing the Company shall issue and sell to the Purchasers, and the Purchasers shall, severally and not jointly, purchase from the Company, the Shares, the Debentures and the Warrants for an aggregate purchase

price of $10,000,000. The Closing shall take place at the offices of Purchaser Counsel immediately following the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the parties or at such other location or time as the parties may agree.

2.2 Closing Deliveries.

(a) At the Closing, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:

(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;

(ii) one or more stock certificates evidencing the number of Shares indicated below such Purchaser's name on the signature page of this Agreement, registered in the name of such Purchaser or evidence that such Shares have been delivered to a balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit Withdrawal Agent Commission System;

(iii) Debentures in the aggregate principal amount indicated below such Purchaser's name on the signature page of this Agreement, registered in the name of such Purchaser;

(iv) a Warrant, registered in the name of such Purchaser, pursuant to which such Purchaser shall have the right to acquire the number of shares of Common Stock indicated below such Purchaser's name on the signature page of this Agreement, on the terms set forth therein;

(v) the legal opinion of Company Counsel, in the form of Exhibit D, executed by such counsel and delivered to the Purchasers;

(vi) evidence that the Company has filed the Supplement with the Commission;

(vii) the Transfer Agent Instructions duly executed by the Company and acknowledged by the Company's transfer agent;

(viii) the Letter of Credit duly executed by Wachovia Bank, National Association to each purchaser;

(ix) a certificate from a duly authorized officer certifying on behalf of the Company that each of the conditions set forth in Section 5.1 has been satisfied; and

(x) any other document reasonably requested by the Purchasers or Purchaser Counsel.

(b) At the Closing, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company the following:

(i) the purchase price indicated below such Purchaser's name on the signature page of this Agreement, in United States dollars and in immediately available funds, by wire transfer to an account designated in writing by the Company for such purpose; and

(ii) this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser.

ARTICLE III.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to the Purchasers:

(a) Subsidiaries. The Company does not directly or indirectly control or own any interest in any other corporation, partnership, joint venture or other business association or entity (a "Subsidiary"), other than those listed in Schedule 3.1(a). Except as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(a), the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock of each Subsidiary free and clear

of any lien, charge, claim, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal or other restriction (collectively, "Liens"), and all the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights.

(b) Organization and Qualification. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization (as applicable), with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not, individually or in the aggregate, (i) adversely affect the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) have or result in a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) adversely impair the Company's ability to perform fully on a timely basis its obligations under any of the Transaction Documents (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a "Material Adverse Effect").

(c) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by each of the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder. The execution and delivery of each of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereunder and thereunder have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further consent or action is required by the Company, its Board of Directors or its stockholders. Each of the Transaction Documents has been (or upon delivery will be) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms.

(d) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company's or any Subsidiary's certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) subject to obtaining the Required Approvals (as defined below), conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations) and the rules and regulations of any self-regulatory organization to which the Company or its securities are subject, or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not, individually or in the aggregate, have or result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(e) Filings, Consents and Approvals. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other

Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than (i) the required filing of the Supplement, (ii) applicable Blue Sky filings, and (iii) in all other cases where the failure to obtain such consent, waiver, authorization or order, or to give such notice or make such filing or registration could not have or result in, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the "Required Approvals").

(f) Issuance of the Securities. The Securities have been duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock a number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to the applicable Purchasers upon conversion or exercise of the Debentures or Warrants and such number of reserved shares of Common Stock shall be at least equal to the Required Minimum calculated as of the date hereof.

(g) Registration Statement. The Company's Registration Statement was declared effective by the Commission on January 7, 2002. The Registration Statement is effective on the date hereof and the Company has not received notice that the Commission has issued or intends to issue a stop order with respect to the Registration Statement or that the Commission otherwise has suspended or withdrawn the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, either temporarily or permanently, or intends or has threatened in writing to do so. The Registration Statement (including the information or documents incorporated by reference therein), as of the time it was declared effective, and any amendments or supplements thereto, each as of the time of filing, did not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The issuance of the Securities to the Purchasers is registered by the Registration Statement.

(h) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. Except as specified in the SEC Reports, the Company has not, in the two years preceding the date hereof, received notice (written or oral) from the Trading Market to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements thereof. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with the listing and maintenance requirements for continued trading of the Common Stock on the Trading Market. The issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder does not contravene the rules and regulations of the Trading Market and no approval of the shareholders of the Company is required for the Company to issue and deliver to the Purchasers the maximum number of Securities contemplated by this Agreement assuming exercise of the Warrants and conversion of the Debentures on the date hereof.

(i) Certain Fees. Except for listing fees to be paid by the Company to the Trading Market and the placement fee payable to Olympus Securities, LLC in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, no fees or commissions will be payable by the Company to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees incurred by the Company or any other Person (other than the Purchasers, if the Purchasers have agreed in writing to pay such fees) or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each Purchaser, their respective employees, officers, directors, agents, and partners, and their respective affiliates, from and against all claims, losses, damages, costs (including the reasonable costs of preparation and reasonable attorney's fees) and expenses suffered in respect of any such claimed or existing fees incurred by the Company or any other Person (other than the Purchasers, if the Purchasers have agreed in writing to pay such fees), as such fees and expenses are incurred.

(j) Disclosure. The Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their respective agents or counsel with any information that constitutes or might constitute material, nonpublic information. The Company understands and confirms that each of the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representations in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. All disclosure provided to the Purchasers regarding the Company, its business and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Schedules to this Agreement, the Registration Statement and the Supplement, furnished by or on behalf of the Company are true and correct and do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No event or circumstance has occurred or information exists with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or its or their business, properties, prospects, operations or financial conditions, which, under applicable law, rule or regulation, requires public disclosure or announcement by the Company but which has not been so publicly announced or disclosed (assuming for this purpose that the Company's reports filed under the Exchange Act are being incorporated into an effective registration statement filed by the Company under the Securities Act). The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.

(k) No Violation. The issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder does not conflict with or violate any rules or regulations of the Trading Market.

(l) SEC Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports required to be filed by it under the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law to file such material) (the foregoing materials being collectively referred to herein as the "SEC Reports" and, together with this Agreement and the Schedules to this Agreement, the "Disclosure Materials") on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. The Company has delivered to the Purchasers a copy of all SEC Reports filed within the 20 days preceding the date hereof. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved ("GAAP"), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments. All material agreements to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or to which the property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary are subject are included as part of or specifically identified in the SEC Reports.

(m) Capitalization. The number of shares and type of all authorized, issued and outstanding capital stock, options and other securities of the Company (whether or not presently convertible or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company) is set forth in Schedule 3.1(m). All outstanding shares of capital stock are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable

and have been issued in compliance with all applicable securities laws. Except as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(m), there are no outstanding options, warrants, script rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock, or securities or rights convertible or exchangeable into shares of Common Stock. Except as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(m), there are no anti-dilution or price adjustment provisions contained in any security issued by the Company (or in any agreement providing rights to security holders) and the issue and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person and will not result in a right of any holder of Company securities to adjust the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under such securities. To the knowledge of the Company, except as specifically disclosed in Schedule 3.1(m), no Person or group of related Persons beneficially owns (as determined pursuant to Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), or has the right to acquire, by agreement with or by obligation binding upon the Company, beneficial ownership of in excess of 5% of the outstanding Common Stock, ignoring for such purposes any limitation on the number of shares of Common Stock that may be owned at any single time.

(n) Material Changes. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as specifically disclosed in the SEC Reports, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company's financial statements pursuant to GAAP or required to be disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting or the identity of its auditors, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock, and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information.

(o) Litigation. There is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an "Action") which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, individually or in the aggregate, have or result in a Material Adverse Effect. Schedule 3.1(o) of the Disclosure Schedule contains a complete list and summary description of any pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened proceeding against or affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, without regard to whether it would have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act. No strike, work stoppage, slow down or other material labor problem exists or, to

the knowledge of the Company, is threatened or imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company or the Subsidiaries.

(p) Compliance. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any order of any court, arbitrator or governmental body, or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not, individually or in the aggregate, have or result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(q) Regulatory Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not, individually or in the aggregate, have or result in a Material Adverse Effect ("Material Permits"), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.

(r) Title to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases of which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.

(s) Patents and Trademarks. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, copyrights, licenses and other similar rights that are necessary or material for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the "Intellectual Property Rights"). Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a written notice that the Intellectual Property Rights used by the Company or any Subsidiary violates or infringes upon the rights of any Person. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights.

(t) Insurance. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.

(u) Transactions With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in SEC Reports filed at least ten days prior to the date hereof, none of the officers or directors of the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company is presently a party to any

transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee or partner.

(v) Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.

(w) Solvency. Based on the financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, (i) the Company's fair saleable value of its assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company's existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature; and (ii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its debt when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt).

(x) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers' Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely in the capacity of an arm's length purchaser with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers' purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company's decision to enter into this Agreement has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the Company and its representatives.

(y) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, an "investment company" within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(z) Application of Takeover Protections. The Company and its Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company's Certificate of Incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation the Company's issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers' ownership of the Securities.

(aa) Seniority. As of the date of this Agreement, no indebtedness of the Company is senior to the Debentures in right of payment, whether with respect to interest or upon liquidation or dissolution, or otherwise.

3.2 Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser hereby for itself and for no other Purchaser, represents, warrants and covenants to the Company that each such Purchaser is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation. Such Purchaser has full right, power, authority and capacity to enter into this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and has taken all necessary action to authorize the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. Upon the execution and delivery of this Agreement and assuming the valid execution hereof by the Company, this Agreement shall constitute the valid and binding obligation of such Purchaser enforceable in accordance with its terms.

The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in this Section 3.

ARTICLE IV.

OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES

4.1 Acknowledgment of Dilution. The Company acknowledges that the issuance of the Securities (including the Underlying Shares) will result in dilution of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, which dilution may be substantial under certain market conditions. The Company further acknowledges that its obligations under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation its obligation to issue the Securities (including the Underlying Shares) pursuant to the Transaction Documents, are unconditional and absolute and not subject to any right of set off, counterclaim, delay or reduction, regardless of the effect of any such dilution or any claim that the Company may have against any Purchaser.

4.2 Furnishing of Information. As long as any Purchaser owns the Securities issued or issuable to it, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act. Upon the request of any such Person, the Company shall deliver to such Person a written certification of a duly authorized officer as to whether it has complied with the preceding sentence.

4.3 Reservation and Listing of Securities.

(a) The Company shall maintain a reserve from its duly authorized shares of Common Stock for issuance pursuant to the Transaction Documents in such amount as may be required to fulfill its obligations in full under the Transaction Documents.

(b) If, on any date, the number of authorized but unissued (and otherwise unreserved) shares of Common Stock (the "Remaining Authorized Shares") is less than 125% of (i) the Actual Minimum on such date, minus (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock previously issued pursuant to the Transaction Documents, then the Board of Directors of the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to amend the Company's certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock to at least the Required Minimum at such time (minus the number of shares of Common Stock previously issued pursuant to the Transaction Documents), as soon as possible and in any event not later than the 90th day after such date; provided that the Company will not be required at any time to authorize a number of shares of Common Stock greater than the maximum remaining number of shares of Common Stock that could possibly be issued after such time pursuant to the Transaction Documents.

(c) If, at the time any Purchaser requests an exercise or conversion of any Securities, the Actual Minimum minus the number of shares of Common Stock previously issued pursuant to the Transaction Documents exceeds the Remaining Authorized Shares, then the Company shall issue to the Purchaser requesting such exercise or conversion a number of Underlying Shares not

exceeding such Purchaser's pro-rata portion of the Remaining Authorized Shares (based on such Purchaser's share of the aggregate purchase price paid hereunder and considering any Underlying Shares previously issued to such Purchaser), and the remainder of the Underlying Shares issuable in connection with such exercise or conversion (if any) shall constitute "Excess Shares" pursuant to Section 4.3(g) below.

(d) The Company shall (i) in the time and manner required by each Trading Market, prepare and file with such Trading Market an additional shares listing application covering a number of shares of Common Stock at least equal to the greater of (A) the Required Minimum on the Closing Date and (B) the Required Minimum on the date of such application, (ii) take all steps necessary to cause such shares of Common Stock to be approved for listing on each Trading Market as soon as possible thereafter, (iii) provide to the Purchasers evidence of such listing, and (iv) maintain the listing of such Common Stock on each such Trading Market or another Eligible Market.

(e) If, on any date, the number of shares of Common Stock issuable under the Transaction Documents previously listed on a Trading Market is less than 125% of the Actual Minimum on such date, then the Company shall take the necessary actions to list on such Trading Market, as soon as reasonably possible, a number of shares of Common Stock at least equal to the Required Minimum on such date; provided that the Company will not be required at any time to list a number of shares of Common Stock greater than the maximum number of shares of Common Stock that could possibly be issued pursuant to the Transaction Documents.

(f) If the Trading Market is the Nasdaq National Market or the Nasdaq SmallCap Market, then the maximum number of shares of Common Stock that the Company may issue pursuant to the Transaction Documents at an effective purchase price less than the Closing Price on the Trading Day immediately preceding the Closing Date equals 27,429,883 shares (the "Issuable Maximum"), unless the Company obtains shareholder approval in accordance with the rules and regulations of such Trading Market. If, at the time any Purchaser requests an exercise or conversion of any Securities, the Actual Minimum (excluding any shares issued or issuable at an effective purchase price in excess of the Closing Price on the Trading Day immediately preceding the Closing Date) exceeds the Issuable Maximum (and if the Company has not previously obtained the required shareholder approval), then the Company shall issue to the Purchaser requesting such exercise or conversion a number of Underlying Shares of Common Stock not exceeding such Purchaser's pro-rata portion of the Issuable Maximum (based on such Purchaser's share of the aggregate purchase price paid hereunder and considering any Underlying Shares previously issued to such Purchaser), and the remainder of the Underlying Shares issuable in connection with such exercise or conversion (if any) shall constitute "Excess Shares" pursuant to Section 4.3(g) below.

(g) Any Purchaser whose receipt of Excess Shares upon exercise or conversion of Securities is restricted based on the number of Remaining Authorized Shares or the Issuable Maximum shall have the option, by notice to the Company, to require the Company to either:(i) use its reasonable best efforts to obtain the required shareholder approval necessary to permit the issuance of such Excess Shares as soon as is possible, but in any event not later than the 90th day after such notice, or (ii) within five Trading Days after such notice, pay cash to such Purchaser, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, in an amount equal to the number of Excess Shares multiplied by 115% of the average Closing Price over the five Trading Days immediately prior to the date of such notice or, if greater, the five Trading Days immediately prior to the date of payment (the "Cash Amount"), and the Company shall have no further obligation to issue any of such Excess Shares. If the exercising or converting Purchaser elects the first option under the preceding sentence and the Company fails to obtain the required shareholder approval on or prior to the 90th day after such notice, then within three Trading Days after such 60th day, the Company shall pay the Cash Amount to such Purchaser, as liquidated damages and not as penalty.

4.4 Conversion and Exercise Procedures. The form of Exercise Notice included in the Warrants and the form of Holder Conversion Notice included in the Debentures set forth the totality of the procedures required by the Purchasers in order to exercise the Warrants or convert the Debentures. No additional legal opinion or other information or instructions shall be necessary to enable the Purchasers to exercise their Warrants or convert their Debentures. The Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants and conversions of the Debentures and shall deliver Underlying Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.

4.5 Subsequent Placements.

(a) Until 90 Days following the Closing Date, the Company will not, directly or indirectly, effect any, offer, sell, grant any option to purchase, or otherwise dispose of (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition of) any of its or the Subsidiaries' equity or equity equivalent securities, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock or other instrument or security that is, at any time during its life and under any circumstances, convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock (any such offer, sale, grant, disposition or announcement being referred to as a "Subsequent Placement") unless the Company shall have first complied with this Section 4.5(a).

(i) The Company shall deliver to each Purchaser a written notice (the "Offer") of any proposed or intended issuance or sale or exchange of the securities being offered (the "Offered Securities") in a Subsequent Placement, which Offer shall (w) identify and describe the Offered Securities, (x) describe the price and other terms upon which they are to be issued, sold or exchanged, and the number or amount of the Offered Securities to be issued, sold or exchanged, (y) identify the persons or entities (if known) to which or with which the Offered Securities are to be offered, issued, sold or exchanged and (z) offer to issue and sell to or exchange with each Purchaser (A) a pro rata portion of the Offered Securities, based on such Purchaser's pro rata portion of the aggregate purchase price paid by the Purchasers for all of the Securities purchased hereunder (the "Basic Amount"), and (B) with respect to each Purchaser that elects to purchase its Basic Amount, any additional portion of the Offered Securities attributable to the Basic Amounts of other Purchasers as such Purchaser shall indicate it will purchase or acquire should the other Purchasers subscribe for less than their Basic Amounts (the "Undersubscription Amount").

(ii) To accept an Offer, in whole or in part, a Purchaser must deliver a written notice to the Company prior to 5:00 p.m., New York time, on the fifth Trading Day after the Offer, setting forth the portion of the Purchaser's Basic Amount that such Purchaser elects to purchase and, if such Purchaser shall elect to purchase all of its Basic Amount, the Undersubscription Amount, if any, that such Purchaser elects to purchase (in either case, the "Notice of Acceptance"). If the Basic Amounts subscribed for by all Purchasers in the aggregate are less than the total of all of the Basic Amounts, then each Purchaser who has set forth an Undersubcription Amount in its Notice of Acceptance shall be entitled to purchase, in addition to the Basic Amounts subscribed for, the Undersubscription Amount it has subscribed for; provided, however, that if the Undersubscription Amounts subscribed for exceed the difference between the total of all the Basic Amounts and the Basic Amounts subscribed for (the "Available Undersubscription Amount"), each Purchaser who has subscribed for any Undersubscription Amount shall be entitled to purchase that portion of the Available Undersubscription Amount as the Basic Amount of such Purchaser bears to the total Basic Amounts of all Purchasers that have subscribed for Undersubscription Amounts, subject to rounding by the Board of Directors to the extent its deems reasonably necessary.

(iii) The Company shall have five (5) Trading Days from the expiration of the period set forth in Section 4.5(a)(ii) above to issue, sell or exchange all or any part of such Offered

Securities as to which a Notice of Acceptance has not been given by the Purchasers (the "Refused Securities"), but only to the offerees described in the Offer (if so described therein) and only upon terms and conditions (including, without limitation, unit prices and interest rates) that are not more favorable to the acquiring person or persons or less favorable to the Company than those set forth in the Offer.

(iv) In the event the Company shall propose to sell less than all the Refused Securities (any such sale to be in the manner and on the terms specified in Section 4.5(a)(iii) above), then each Purchaser may, at its sole option and in its sole discretion, reduce the number or amount of the Offered Securities specified in its Notice of Acceptance to an amount that shall be not less than the number or amount of the Offered Securities that the Purchaser elected to purchase pursuant to Section 4.5(a)(ii) above multiplied by a fraction, (i) the numerator of which shall be the number or amount of Offered Securities the Company actually proposes to issue, sell or exchange (including Offered Securities to be issued or sold to Purchasers pursuant to Section 4.5(a)(ii) above prior to such reduction) and (ii) the denominator of which shall be the original amount of the Offered Securities. In the event that any Purchaser so elects to reduce the number or amount of Offered Securities specified in its Notice of Acceptance, the Company may not issue, sell or exchange more than the reduced number or amount of the Offered Securities unless and until such securities have again been offered to the Purchasers in accordance with Section 4.5(a)(i) above.

(v) Upon the closing of the issuance, sale or exchange of all or less than all of the Refused Securities, the Purchasers shall acquire from the Company, and the Company shall issue to the Purchasers, the number or amount of Offered Securities specified in the Notices of Acceptance, as reduced pursuant to Section 4.5(a)(iv) above if the Purchasers have so elected, upon the terms and conditions specified in the Offer. The purchase by the Purchasers of any Offered Securities is subject in all cases to the preparation, execution and delivery by the Company and the Purchasers of a purchase agreement relating to such Offered Securities reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Purchasers, the Company and their respective counsel.

(vi) Any Offered Securities not acquired by the Purchasers or other persons in accordance with Section 4.5(a)(iii) above may not be issued, sold or exchanged until they are again offered to the Purchasers under the procedures specified in this Agreement.

(b) The restrictions contained in paragraph (a) of this Section shall not apply to (i) the granting of options to employees, officers and directors of the Company pursuant to any stock option plan duly adopted by the Company or to the issuance of Common Stock upon exercise of such options, or (ii) strategic transactions not significantly for the purpose of raising capital.

4.6 Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall, on the Closing Date, issue a press release reasonably acceptable to the Purchasers disclosing all material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby. Thereafter, the Company shall timely file any filings and notices required by the Commission or applicable law with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby and provide copies thereof to the Purchasers promptly after filing except any such filings or notices that are publicly available; provided that Company provides prior written notice of such public filings or notices to the Purchasers. The Company shall, at least two Trading Days prior to the filing or dissemination of any disclosure required by this paragraph, provide a copy thereof to the Purchasers for their review. The Company and the Purchasers shall consult with each other in issuing any press releases or otherwise making public statements or filings and other communications with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither party shall issue any such press release or otherwise make any such public statement, filing or other communication without the prior consent of the other, except if such disclosure is required by law, in

which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement, filing or other communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, other than by filing the Transaction Documents with the Commission under the Exchange Act without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except to the extent such disclosure (but not any disclosure as to the controlling Persons thereof) is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure. Neither the Company nor any Person acting on its behalf will provide any Purchaser with material, nonpublic information about the Company unless such Purchaser consents to receive such information in writing in advance, and neither the Purchasers nor any Person acting on behalf of any Purchaser shall request any such information.

4.7 Use of Proceeds. The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder for working capital purposes and not for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company's debt (other than payment of trade payables and accrued expenses in the ordinary course of the Company's business and prior practices), to redeem any Company equity or equity-equivalent securities or to settle any outstanding litigation.

4.8 Indemnification.

(a) The Company will indemnify and hold harmless each Purchaser and any of their respective Affiliates or any officer, director, partner, controlling person, employee or agent of a Purchaser or any of their respective Affiliates (a "Related Person") for its reasonable legal and other expenses (including the costs of any investigation, preparation and travel) and for any Losses incurred in connection with any Proceeding, insofar as such Losses arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in the Registration Statement or the Supplement, or any amendment or supplement thereto, and all other documents filed as a part thereof, as amended at the time of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, including any information deemed to be a part thereof as of the time of effectiveness pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 430A, or pursuant to Rule 434, under the Securities Act, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state in any of them a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements in any of them, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, as such expenses or Losses are incurred. In addition, the Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each Purchaser and Related Person from and against any and all Losses, as incurred, arising out of or relating to any breach by the Company of any of the representations, warranties or covenants made by the Company in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, or any allegation by a third party that, if true, would constitute such a breach. The conduct of any Proceeding for which indemnification is available under this paragraph shall be governed by Section 4.8(b). The indemnification obligations of the Company under this paragraph shall be in addition to any liability that the Company may otherwise have and shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of any successors, assigns, heirs and personal representatives of the Purchasers and any such Related Persons. The Company also agrees that neither the Purchasers nor any Related Persons shall have any liability to the Company or any Person asserting claims on behalf of or in right of the Company in connection with or as a result of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, except to the extent that any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses incurred by the Company result from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the applicable Purchaser or Related Person in connection with such transactions. If the Company breaches its obligations under any Transaction Document, then, in addition to any other liabilities the Company may have under any Transaction Document or applicable law, the Company shall pay or reimburse the Purchasers on demand for all costs of collection and enforcement (including reasonable attorneys fees and expenses). Without limiting

the generality of the foregoing, the Company specifically agrees to reimburse the Purchasers on demand for all costs of enforcing the indemnification obligations in this paragraph.

(b) Conduct of Indemnification Proceedings. If any Proceeding shall be brought or asserted against any Person entitled to indemnity hereunder (an "Indemnified Party"), such Indemnified Party shall promptly notify the Person from whom indemnity is sought (the "Indemnifying Party") in writing, and the Indemnifying Party shall have the right to assume the defense thereof, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party and the payment of all fees and expenses incurred in connection with defense thereof; provided, that the failure of any Indemnified Party to give such notice shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of its obligations or liabilities pursuant to this Agreement, except (and only) to the extent that it shall be finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction (which determination is not subject to appeal or further review) that such failure shall have proximately and materially adversely prejudiced the Indemnifying Party.

An Indemnified Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such Proceeding and to participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Party or Parties unless: (i) the Indemnifying Party has agreed in writing to pay such fees and expenses; or (ii) the Indemnifying Party shall have failed promptly to assume the defense of such Proceeding and to employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Party in any such Proceeding; or (iii) the named parties to any such Proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both such Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party, and such Indemnified Party shall have been advised by counsel that a conflict of interest is likely to exist if the same counsel were to represent such Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party (in which case, if such Indemnified Party notifies the Indemnifying Party in writing that it elects to employ separate counsel at the expense of the Indemnifying Party, the Indemnifying Party shall not have the right to assume the defense thereof and such counsel shall be at the expense of the Indemnifying Party). The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any settlement of any such Proceeding effected without its written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. No Indemnifying Party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party, effect any settlement of any pending Proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Party is a party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such Proceeding.

All fees and expenses of the Indemnified Party (including reasonable fees and expenses to the extent incurred in connection with investigating or preparing to defend such Proceeding in a manner not inconsistent with this Section) shall be paid to the Indemnified Party, as incurred, within ten Trading Days of written notice thereof to the Indemnifying Party (regardless of whether it is ultimately determined that an Indemnified Party is not entitled to indemnification hereunder; provided, that the Indemnifying Party may require such Indemnified Party to undertake to reimburse all such fees and expenses to the extent it is finally judicially determined that such Indemnified Party is not entitled to indemnification hereunder).

4.9 Shareholders Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or any other Person that any Purchaser is an "Acquiring Person" under any shareholders rights plan or similar plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Shares or Underlying Shares under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.

4.10 Delivery of Certificates. In addition to any other rights available to a Purchaser, if the Company fails to deliver to such Purchaser a certificate representing Common Stock by the third Trading Day after the date on which delivery of such certificate is required by any Transaction Document, and if after such third Trading Day such Purchaser purchases (in an open market

transaction or otherwise) shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by such Purchaser of the shares that the Purchaser anticipated receiving from the Company (a "Buy-In"), then, in the Purchaser's sole discretion, the Company shall, within three Trading Days after such Purchaser's request, either (i) pay cash to such Purchaser in an amount equal to such Purchaser's total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased (the "Buy-In Price"), at which point the Company's obligation to deliver such certificate (and to issue such Common Stock) shall terminate, or (ii) promptly honor its obligation to deliver to such Purchaser a certificate or certificates representing such Common Stock and pay cash to such Purchaser in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of the Buy-In Price over the product of (A) such number of shares of Common Stock, times (B) the Closing Price on the date of the event giving rise to the Company's obligation to deliver such certificate.

ARTICLE V.

CONDITIONS

5.1 Conditions Precedent to the Obligations of the Purchasers. The obligation of each Purchaser to acquire Securities at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction or waiver by such Purchaser, at or before the Closing, of each of the following conditions:

(a) Supplement. The Company shall have filed the Supplement with the Commission.

(b) Registration Statement. The Registration Statement shall be effective on the Closing Date as to all Securities, not subject to any threatened or actual stop order and will not on the Closing Date contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

(c) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Company contained herein shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date when made and as of the Closing as though made on and as of such date;

(d) Performance. The Company and each other Purchaser shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by the Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied or complied with by it at or prior to the Closing;

(e) No Injunction. No statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated or endorsed by any court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction that prohibits the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents;

(f) Adverse Changes. Since the date of execution of this Agreement, no event or series of events shall have occurred that reasonably would be expected to have or result in a Material Adverse Effect; and

(g) No Suspensions of Trading in Common Stock; Listing. Trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or any Trading Market (except for any suspensions of trading of not more than one Trading Day solely to permit dissemination of material information regarding the Company) at any time since the date of execution of this Agreement, and the Common Stock shall have been at all times since such date listed for trading on an Eligible Market.

5.2 Conditions Precedent to the Obligations of the Company. The obligation of the Company to sell Securities at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction or waiver by the Company, at or before the Closing, of each of the following conditions:

(a) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date when made and as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of such date;

(b) Performance. The Purchasers shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by the Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Purchasers at or prior to the Closing; and

(c) No Injunction. No statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated or endorsed by any court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction that prohibits the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

ARTICLE VI.

MISCELLANEOUS

6.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by the Company or any Purchaser, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been consummated by the third Trading Day following the date of this Agreement; provided that no such termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by the other party (or parties).

6.2 Fees and Expenses. At the Closing, the Company shall pay to Beacon Equities, Inc. an aggregate of $50,000 for a portion of their legal fees and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation and negotiation of this Agreement, of which amount $25,000 has been previously paid by the Company to the Purchaser Counsel. In lieu of the foregoing payment, Beacon Equities, Inc. may retain such amount at the Closing or require the Company to pay such amount directly to Purchaser Counsel. In addition, the Company shall pay to Beacon Equities, Inc. an aggregate of $10,000 for their remaining legal fees and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation and negotiation of this Agreement upon the prepayment or conversion (or any combination thereof) of $2,000,000 or more of the original principal amount of Debentures issued to all Holders on the Original Issue Date (as defined in the Debenture). In lieu of the foregoing remaining payment, Beacon Equities, Inc. may require the Company to pay such amount directly to Purchaser Counsel. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all transfer agent fees, stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the issuance of any Securities.

6.3 Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the Exhibits and Schedules thereto, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules. At or after the Closing, and without further consideration, the Company will execute and deliver to the Purchasers such further documents as may be reasonably requested in order to give practical effect to the intention of the parties under the Transaction Documents.

6.4 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile

number specified in this Section prior to 6:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (ii) the Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number specified in this Agreement later than 6:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date and earlier than 11:59 p.m. (New York City time) on such date, (iii) the Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as follows:

If to the Company:		EarthShell Corporation 800 Miramonte Drive Santa Barbara, California 93109 Facsimile No.: (805) 899-3517 Attn: Chief Financial Officer
With a copy to:		Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP. 2029 Century Park East Los Angeles, California 90067 Facsimile No.: (310) 551-8741 Attn: Robert K. Montgomery, Esq.
If to the Purchasers:		To the address set forth under such Purchaser's name on the signature pages attached hereto.

or such other address as may be designated in writing hereafter, in the same manner, by such Person.

6.5 Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and each of the Purchasers or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waiver is sought. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of either party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.

6.6 Construction. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party.

6.7 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Purchasers. Any Purchaser may assign its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities.

6.8 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except that each Related Person is an intended third party beneficiary of Section 4.8 and may enforce the provisions of such Section directly against the Company.

6.9 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of

the transactions contemplated by any of the Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective Affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of this Agreement), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby. If either party shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Agreement or any Transaction Document, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its reasonable attorneys fees and other reasonable costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

6.10 Survival. The representations, warranties, agreements and covenants contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery, exercise and/or conversion of the Securities, as applicable.

6.11 Execution. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party, it being understood that both parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) the same with the same force and effect as if such facsimile signature page were an original thereof.

6.12 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable in any respect, the validity and enforceability of the remaining terms and provisions of this Agreement shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and the parties will attempt to agree upon a valid and enforceable provision that is a reasonable substitute therefor, and upon so agreeing, shall incorporate such substitute provision in this Agreement.

6.13 Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) the Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights.

6.14 Replacement of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof, or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction and customary and reasonable indemnity, if requested. The applicants for a new

certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.

6.15 Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations described in the foregoing sentence and hereby agrees to waive in any action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

6.16 Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.

6.17 Usury. To the extent it may lawfully do so, the Company hereby agrees not to insist upon or plead or in any manner whatsoever claim, and will resist any and all efforts to be compelled to take the benefit or advantage of, usury laws wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, in connection with any claim, action or proceeding that may be brought by any Purchaser in order to enforce any right or remedy under any Transaction Document. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in any Transaction Document, it is expressly agreed and provided that the total liability of the Company under the Transaction Documents for payments in the nature of interest shall not exceed the maximum lawful rate authorized under applicable law (the "Maximum Rate"), and, without limiting the foregoing, in no event shall any rate of interest or default interest, or both of them, when aggregated with any other sums in the nature of interest that the Company may be obligated to pay under the Transaction Documents exceed such Maximum Rate. It is agreed that if the maximum contract rate of interest allowed by law and applicable to the Transaction Documents is increased or decreased by statute or any official governmental action subsequent to the date hereof, the new maximum contract rate of interest allowed by law will be the Maximum Rate of interest applicable to the Transaction Documents from the effective date forward, unless such application is precluded by applicable law. If under any circumstances whatsoever, interest in excess of the Maximum Rate is paid by the Company to any Purchaser with respect to indebtedness evidenced by the Transaction Documents, such excess shall be applied by such Purchaser to the unpaid principal balance of any such indebtedness or be refunded to the Company, the manner of handling such excess to be at such Purchaser's election.

6.18 Independent Nature of Purchasers. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. The decision of each Purchaser to purchase Securities pursuant to this Agreement has been made by such Purchaser independently of any other Purchaser and independently of any information, materials, statements or opinions as to the business, affairs, operations, assets, properties, liabilities, results of operations, condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or of the Subsidiary which may have been made or given by any other Purchaser or by any agent or employee of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser or any of its agents or employees shall have any liability to any other Purchaser (or any other person) relating to or arising from any such information, materials, statements or opinions. Nothing contained herein, or in any Transaction

Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights, including without limitation the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose.

6.19 Adjustments in Share Numbers and Prices. In the event of any stock split, subdivision, dividend or distribution payable in shares of Common Stock (or other securities or rights convertible into, or entitling the holder thereof to receive directly or indirectly shares of Common Stock), combination or other similar recapitalization or event occurring after the date hereof, each reference in this Agreement to a number of shares or a price per share shall be amended to appropriately account for such event.

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SIGNATURE PAGES FOLLOW]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.

		EARTHSHELL CORPORATION
		By:
			Name:
			Title:

[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
SIGNATURE PAGES OF PURCHASERS FOLLOW

BEACON EQUITIES, INC.
By:
	Name:	Kenneth L. Henderson
	Title:	Attorney-in-Fact

Purchase Price:			$6,000,000
Number of Shares to be acquired:			1
Aggregate Principal Amount of Debentures to be acquired:			$6,000,000
Number of Underlying Shares issuable under Warrant:			1,500,000
Address for Notice:
c/o Bryan Cave Robinson Silverman LLP. 1290 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10104 Telephone No.: (212) 541-2275 Facsimile No.: (212) 541-1357 Attn.: Kenneth Henderson
With a copy to: Proskauer Rose LLP 1585 Broadway New York, NY 10036-8299 Telephone No.: (212) 969-3689 Facsimile No.: (212) 969-2900 Attn: Adam J. Kansler, Esq.

CLEVELAND OVERSEAS LIMITED
By:
	Name:
	Title:

Purchase Price:		$1,500,000
Number of Shares to be acquired:		1
Aggregate Principal Amount of Debentures to be acquired:		$1,500,000
Number of Underlying Shares issuable under Warrant:		375,000
Address for Notice: C/o GTF Global Trade & Finance SA St. Makusgasse 19 P.O. Box 932, 9490 Vaduz, Liechenstein Telephone No.: 423-239-7777 Facsimile No.: 423-239-7779 Attn: Mr. E. Vogt

CRANSHIRE CAPTIAL, L.P.
By:
	Name:
	Title:

Purchase Price:		$2,500,000
Number of Shares to be acquired:		1
Aggregate Principal Amount of Debentures to be acquired:		$2,500,000
Number of Underlying Shares issuable under Warrant:		625,000
Address for Notice: Cranshire Capital, L.P. 666 Dundee Road, Suite 1901 Northbrook, IL 60062 Telephone No.: (847) 562-9030 Facsimile No.: (847) 562-9031 Attn: Mitchell Kopin

Exhibits:
A.		Form of Debenture
B.		Form of Warrant
C.		Transfer Agent Instructions
D.		Opinion of Company Counsel
E.		Form of Letter of Credit
Schedules:
3.1(a)		Subsidiaries
3.1(m)		Capitalization
3.1(o)		Litigation

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Exhibit 4.1

SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT
ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS
ARTICLE II. PURCHASE AND SALE
ARTICLE III. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
ARTICLE IV. OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES
ARTICLE V. CONDITIONS
ARTICLE VI. MISCELLANEOUS