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Segment Information (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment reporting table
The segment results for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are presented below (in millions of U.S. dollars, except ratios).
Segment Information
For the year ended December 31, 2022
P&C
segment		Specialty
segment		Total
Non-life		Life
and Health
segment		Corporate
and Other		Total
Gross premiums written$5,025 $1,990 $7,015 $1,674 $— $8,689 
Net premiums written$4,234 $1,665 $5,899 $1,645 $— $7,544 
(Increase) decrease in unearned premiums(293)5 (288)1 — (287)
Net premiums earned$3,941 $1,670 $5,611 $1,646 $— $7,257 
Losses and loss expenses(2,410)(903)(3,313)(1,434)— (4,747)
Acquisition costs(995)(435)(1,430)(111)— (1,541)
Technical result$536 $332 $868 $101 $— $969 
Other income — — — 39 1 40 
Other expenses(84)(35)(119)(93)(203)(415)
Underwriting result$452 $297 $749 $47 n/a$594 
Net investment income74 324 398 
Allocated underwriting result$121 n/an/a
Net realized and unrealized investment losses(1,969)(1,969)
Interest expense(55)(55)
Amortization of intangible assets(9)(9)
Net foreign exchange losses(29)(29)
Income tax expense(31)(31)
Interest in earnings of equity method investments11 11 
Net lossn/a$(1,090)
Loss ratio (1)
61.2 %54.1 %59.0 %
Acquisition ratio (2)
25.2 26.0 25.5 
Technical ratio (3)
86.4 %80.1 %84.5 %
Other expense ratio (4)
2.1 2.1 2.1 
Combined ratio (5)
88.5 %82.2 %86.6 %
(1) Loss ratio is obtained by dividing losses and loss expenses by net premiums earned.
(2) Acquisition ratio is obtained by dividing acquisition costs by net premiums earned.
(3) Technical ratio is defined as the sum of the loss ratio and the acquisition ratio.
(4) Other expense ratio is obtained by dividing other expenses by net premiums earned.
(5) Combined ratio is defined as the sum of the technical ratio and the other expense ratio.
Segment Information
For the year ended December 31, 2021
P&C
segment		Specialty
segment		Total
Non-life		Life
and Health
segment		Corporate
and Other		Total
Gross premiums written$4,541 $2,016 $6,557 $1,647 $— $8,204 
Net premiums written$3,722 $1,789 $5,511 $1,623 $— $7,134 
(Increase) decrease in unearned premiums(194)13 (181)4 — (177)
Net premiums earned$3,528 $1,802 $5,330 $1,627 $— $6,957 
Losses and loss expenses(2,391)(1,052)(3,443)(1,441)— (4,884)
Acquisition costs(864)(415)(1,279)(108)— (1,387)
Technical result$273 $335 $608 $78 $— $686 
Other income— — — 26 3 29 
Other expenses(71)(30)(101)(88)(210)(399)
Underwriting result$202 $305 $507 $16 n/a$316 
Net investment income81 295 376 
Allocated underwriting result$97 n/an/a
Net realized and unrealized investment gains38 38 
Interest expense(56)(56)
Amortization of intangible assets(9)(9)
Net foreign exchange losses(31)(31)
Income tax expense(38)(38)
Interest in earnings of equity method investments127 127 
Net incomen/a$723 
Loss ratio67.8 %58.4 %64.6 %
Acquisition ratio24.5 23.0 24.0 
Technical ratio92.3 %81.4 %88.6 %
Other expense ratio2.0 1.7 1.9 
Combined ratio94.3 %83.1 %90.5 %
Segment Information
For the year ended December 31, 2020
P&C
segment		Specialty
segment		Total
Non-life		Life
and Health
segment		Corporate
and Other		Total
Gross premiums written$3,442 $1,935 $5,377 $1,499 $— $6,876 
Net premiums written$3,044 $1,782 $4,826 $1,475 $— $6,301 
Decrease in unearned premiums119 110 229 7 — 236 
Net premiums earned$3,163 $1,892 $5,055 $1,482 $— $6,537 
Losses and loss expenses(2,389)(1,628)(4,017)(1,318)— (5,335)
Acquisition costs(784)(470)(1,254)(102)— (1,356)
Technical result$(10)$(206)$(216)$62 $— $(154)
Other (loss) income(1)— (1)13 1 13 
Other expenses(61)(26)(87)(73)(196)(356)
Underwriting result$(72)$(232)$(304)$2 n/a$(497)
Net investment income68 293 361 
Allocated underwriting result$70 n/an/a
Net realized and unrealized investment gains454 454 
Interest expense(39)(39)
Amortization of intangible assets(10)(10)
Net foreign exchange losses(52)(52)
Income tax benefit13 13 
Interest in earnings of equity method investments24 24 
Net incomen/a$254 
Loss ratio75.5 %86.0 %79.5 %
Acquisition ratio24.8 24.8 24.8 
Technical ratio100.3 %110.8 %104.3 %
Other expense ratio1.9 1.4 1.7 
Combined ratio102.2 %112.2 %106.0 %
Segment geographic distribution of premiums table The following table provides the geographic distribution of gross premiums written by region for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages):
202220212020
North America$5,040 58 %$4,649 57 %$3,794 55 %
Europe2,592 30 2,410 29 1,921 28 
Asia, Australia and New Zealand720 8 814 10 806 12 
Latin America and the Caribbean223 3 189 2 220 3 
Middle East, Africa, Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)114 1 142 2 135 2 
Total$8,689 100 %$8,204 100 %$6,876 100 %
Premiums by segment and line of business
The following table provides the gross premiums written by segment and line of business for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages):
202220212020
P&C
Casualty$2,777 $2,145 $1,430 
Catastrophe933 924 545 
Property764 809 641 
U.S. health355 351 379 
Multiline and other119 183 289 
Motor77 129 158 
Total P&C$5,025 $4,541 $3,442 
Specialty
Financial risks$634 $510 $568 
Aviation and space362 416 219 
Energy346 314 192 
Property240 277 173 
Marine223 174 142 
Agriculture101 205 468 
Multiline and other45 20 152 
Engineering39 100 17 
Casualty— — 4 
Total Specialty$1,990 $2,016 $1,935 
Life and Health $1,674 $1,647 $1,499 
Total$8,689 $8,204 $6,876 
Percentage of premiums through brokers
The Company has two brokers that individually accounted for 10% or more of its gross premiums written during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, as follows:
202220212020
Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc30 %28 %30 %
Aon PLC 26 %24 %21 %
The following table summarizes the percentage of gross premiums written through these two brokers by segment for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020: 
202220212020
P&C67 %63 %64 %
Specialty70 %66 %64 %
Life and Health6 %6 %6 %