Derivatives

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

The Company’s objectives for holding or issuing derivatives are as follows:

Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts—The Company utilizes foreign exchange forward contracts as part of its overall currency risk management and investment strategies.

Insurance-linked Securities—The Company enters into various derivatives for which the underlying risks reference parametric weather risks, pandemic outbreaks and mortality, in addition to longevity total return swaps for which the underlying risks reference longevity risks.

Total Return and Interest Rate Swaps—The Company enters into total return swaps referencing certain investments in Other invested assets. The Company enters into interest rate swaps to mitigate the interest rate risk on certain of the total return swaps and certain fixed maturity investments.

To-Be-Announced Mortgage-Backed Securities (TBAs), Options and Warrants—The Company utilizes TBAs, options and warrants as part of its overall investment strategy and to enhance investment performance.

There were no derivatives designated as hedges for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The net fair values of derivatives included in Other invested assets within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related net notional exposures at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars):


	Asset derivatives at fair value		Liability derivatives at fair value		Net derivatives
December 31, 2022					Fair value		Net notional exposure




Derivatives not designated as hedges
Foreign exchange forward contracts	$	13,705	$	(17,336)	$	(3,631)	$	4,277,894


Insurance-linked securities (1)	6,657		—		6,657		16,937

Interest rate swaps (2)	258		(153)		105		—
TBAs	578		—		578		—
Options and warrants	8,691		—		8,691		8,815
Total derivatives not designated as hedges	$	29,889	$	(17,489)	$	12,400


	Asset derivatives at fair value		Liability derivatives at fair value		Net derivatives
December 31, 2021					Fair value		Net notional exposure
Derivatives not designated as hedges
Foreign exchange forward contracts	$	8,841	$	(6,657)	$	2,184	$	3,092,396
Insurance-linked securities (1)	5,663		—		5,663		15,200
Total return swaps	153		(1,079)		(926)		31,519
Interest rate swaps (2)	—		(10,489)		(10,489)		—
Other	3,059		—		3,059		—
Total derivatives not designated as hedges	$	17,716	$	(18,225)	$	(509)

(1)Insurance-linked securities include longevity swaps for which the notional amounts are not reflective of the overall potential exposure of the swaps. The net notional exposure above includes the Company's best estimate of the present value of future expected claims.

(2)The Company enters into interest rate swaps to mitigate notional exposures on certain total return swaps and certain fixed maturities. The net notional exposure for interest rate swaps above relates to fixed maturities.

The gains and losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for derivatives not designated as hedges for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars):


	2022		2021		2020
Foreign exchange forward contracts	$	(34,902)	$	(16,788)	$	(32,611)

Total included in Net foreign exchange losses	$	(34,902)	$	(16,788)	$	(32,611)



Insurance-linked securities	$	2,049	$	4,807	$	(2,341)
Total return swaps	934		1,430		(845)
Interest rate swaps	10,594		7,020		(5,131)
TBAs	(23)		(56)		(510)
Other	—		(298)		1,376
Total included in Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	$	13,554	$	12,903	$	(7,451)
Total derivatives not designated as hedges	$	(21,348)	$	(3,885)	$	(40,062)

Offsetting of Derivatives

The gross and net fair values of derivatives that are subject to offsetting in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars):


			Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet		Net amounts of assets/liabilities presented in the balance sheet		Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
December 31, 2022	Gross amounts recognized (1)						Financial instruments		Cash collateral received/pledged		Net amount
Total derivative assets	$	29,889	$	—	$	29,889	$	(258)	$	(37,262)	$	(7,631)
Total derivative liabilities	$	(17,489)	$	—	$	(17,489)	$	258	$	15,978	$	(1,253)

December 31, 2021
Total derivative assets	$	17,716	$	—	$	17,716	$	—	$	(34,764)	$	(17,048)
Total derivative liabilities	$	(18,225)	$	—	$	(18,225)	$	—	$	1,671	$	(16,554)

(1)Amounts include all derivative instruments, irrespective of whether there is a legally enforceable master netting arrangement in place.