SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Palatin and its wholly-owned inactive subsidiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash in banks and all highly liquid investments with a purchased maturity of less than three months. Cash equivalents consist of $34,769,696 and $40,019,336 in a money market account as of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively.

Investments

The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in debt and equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet date. Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Debt securities for which the Company does not have the intent or ability to hold to maturity are classified as available-for-sale. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded as either short-term or long-term on the balance sheet, based on the contractual maturity date and are stated at amortized cost. Marketable securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in earnings. Debt and marketable equity securities not classified as held-to-maturity or as trading are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair market value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, included in the determination of other comprehensive income (loss). 

The fair value of substantially all securities is determined by quoted market prices. The estimated fair value of securities for which there are no quoted market prices is based on similar types of securities that are traded in the market.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and notes payable. Management believes that the carrying values of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, available-for-sale investments and accounts payable are representative of their respective fair values based on the short-term nature of these instruments. Management believes that the carrying amount of its notes payable approximates fair value based on the terms of the notes.

Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. Total cash and cash equivalent balances have exceeded balances insured by the Federal Depository Insurance Company.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consists of office and laboratory equipment, office furniture and leasehold improvements and includes assets acquired under capital leases. Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, generally five years for laboratory and computer equipment, seven years for office furniture and equipment and the lesser of the term of the lease or the useful life for leasehold improvements. Amortization of assets acquired under capital leases is included in depreciation expense. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred while expenditures that extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Accumulated depreciation and amortization was $2,310,875 and $2,281,989 as of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. To determine recoverability of a long-lived asset, management evaluates whether the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows from the asset are less than its carrying amount. If impairment is indicated, the long-lived asset would be written down to fair value. Fair value is determined by an evaluation of available price information at which assets could be bought or sold, including quoted market prices, if available, or the present value of the estimated future cash flows based on reasonable and supportable assumptions.

Revenue Recognition

The Company has generated revenue solely through license and collaboration agreements. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 605-25, Revenue Recognition for Arrangements with Multiple Elements, which addresses the determination of whether an arrangement involving multiple deliverables contains more than one unit of accounting. A delivered item within an arrangement is considered a separate unit of accounting only if both of the following criteria are met:

●  the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis; and

●  if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item is considered probable and substantially in control of the vendor.

Under FASB ASC Topic 605-25, if both of the criteria above are not met, then separate accounting for the individual deliverables is not appropriate.

The Company has determined that it is appropriate to recognize the consideration received under its License Agreement with AMAG as revenue using the input-based proportional method during the period of the Palatin Development Obligation as defined in the License Agreement with AMAG. Refer to Note 5 for additional information on this topic.

Under its License Agreement with Fosun (Note 6), the Company received consideration in the form of an upfront license fee payment and determined that it was appropriate to recognize such consideration as revenue in the first quarter of 2018, which was the quarter in which the license was granted, since the license has stand-alone value and the upfront payment received by the Company is non-refundable.

Under its License Agreement with Kwangdong (Note 7), the Company received consideration in the form of an upfront license fee payment and has currently determined that it is appropriate to record such consideration as non-current deferred revenue because the upfront payment received by the Company is subject to certain refund provisions.

Revenue resulting from the achievement of development milestones is recorded in accordance with the accounting guidance for the milestone method of revenue recognition.

Amounts received prior to satisfying the revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue in the next 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as current liabilities.

Research and Development Costs

The costs of research and development activities are charged to expense as incurred, including the cost of equipment for which there is no alternative future use.

Accrued Expenses

Third parties perform a significant portion of the Company’s development activities. The Company reviews the activities performed under all contracts each quarter and accrue expenses and the amount of any reimbursement to be received from collaborators based upon the estimated amount of work completed. Estimating the value or stage of completion of certain services requires judgment based on available information. If the Company does not identify services performed but not billed by the service-provider, or if the Company underestimates or overestimates the value of services performed as of a given date, reported expenses will be understated or overstated.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company charges to expense the fair value of stock options and other equity awards granted. The Company determines the value of stock options utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Compensation costs for share-based awards with pro-rata vesting are determined using the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and allocated to periods on a straight-line basis, while awards containing a market condition and performance conditions are valued using multifactor Monte Carlo simulations.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes – The Company and its subsidiary file consolidated federal and separate-company state income tax returns. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences or operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets based on the history of losses incurred.

Pursuant to the License Agreement with Fosun (Note 6) and the License Agreement with Kwangdong (Note 7), $500,000 and $82,500, respectively, was withheld in accordance with tax withholding requirements in China and the Republic of Korea, respectively, and will be recorded as an expense during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2018. For the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, the Company incurred $100,880 and $326,135, respectively, in income tax expense and the remaining balance of $256,365 was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets at December 31, 2017. Any potential credit to be received by the Company on its United States tax returns is currently offset by the Company’s valuation allowance.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted wide-ranging tax legislation, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "2017 Tax Act"). The 2017 Tax Act significantly revises U.S. tax law by, among other provisions, (a) lowering the applicable U.S. federal statutory corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, (b) eliminating or reducing certain income tax deductions, such as deductions for interest expense, executive compensation expenses and certain employee expenses, and (c) repealing the federal alternative minimum tax ("AMT") and providing for the refund of existing AMT credits.

As a result of the 2017 tax Act, during the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $500,000 related to the release of a valuation allowance against an AMT credit; accordingly $500,000 is included in Other long-term assets at December 31, 2017. In addition, as a result of the enactment of the new corporate income tax rate, the Company remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse and with the exception of the AMT credit, the Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets.

Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

Basic and diluted earnings per common share (“EPS”) are calculated in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share,” which includes guidance pertaining to the warrants issued in connection with the July 3, 2012, December 23, 2014, and July 2, 2015 private placement offerings and the August 4, 2016 underwritten offering, that were exercisable for nominal consideration and, therefore, to the extent not yet exercised are considered in the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share. As of December 31, 2017, all warrants exercisable for nominal value have been converted into common stock.

The following table is a reconciliation of net income (loss) and the shares used in calculating basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended December 31,					Six Months Ended December 31,
	2017		2016			2017		2016
Net income (loss)	$	3,030,193	$	(10,029,419	)	$	13,633,823	$	(23,082,189	)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - Basic		197,238,056		177,798,511			197,175,316		171,823,390
Effect of dilutive shares:
Common stock equivalents arising from stock options,
warrants and conversion of preferred stock		3,525,013		-			1,792,803		-
Restricted stock units		1,948,547		-			1,462,705		-
Weighted average common shares outstanding - Diluted		202,711,616		177,798,511			200,430,824		171,823,390
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	0.02	$	(0.06	)	$	0.07	$	(0.13	)
Diluted	$	0.01	$	(0.06	)	$	0.07	$	(0.13	)

For the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, common shares issuable upon conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, the exercise of outstanding options and warrants (excluding the Series A 2012, Series B 2012, Series C 2014, Series E 2015 and Series I 2016 warrants issued in connection with the July 3, 2012, December 23, 2014, and July 2, 2015 private placement offerings and the August 4, 2016 underwritten offering as such warrants, to the extent not yet exercised, are already included in the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used in computing basic net income (loss) per common share since they are exercisable for nominal consideration), and the vesting of restricted stock units amounted to an aggregate of 46,966,803 and 57,174,473 shares, respectively, and are excluded from the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used in computing basic net income (loss) per common share. For the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, an additional 5,473,560 and 3,255,508 of common shares, respectively, have been included in the computation of diluted EPS using the treasury stock and if-converted methods. However, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016, no additional common shares were added in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would have been anti-dilutive.