LONG TERM DEBT AND CAPITAL LEASES

A summary of long-term debt and capital leases is as follows:



	December 31,
	2016		2015
Senior Secured Credit Facility:
Revolving Credit Facility due October 2021; bearing interest at LIBOR plus 3.00%	$	62,600	$	—
Term Loan B Facility due October 2023; bearing interest at LIBOR plus 3.00%	350,000		—
Senior Secured Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility:
Due February 2020; bore interest at LIBOR plus 2.25%	—		57,422
Tax-Exempt Bonds:
New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2014 due December 2044 - fixed rate interest period through 2019; bearing interest at 3.75%	25,000		25,000
New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2014R-2 due December 2044 - fixed rate interest period through 2026; bearing interest at 3.125%	15,000		—
Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2005R-2 due January 2025 - fixed rate interest period through 2017; bearing interest at 6.25%	21,400		21,400
Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2015 due August 2035 - fixed rate interest period through 2025; bearing interest at 5.125%	15,000		15,000
Vermont Economic Development Authority Solid Waste Disposal Long-Term Revenue Bonds Series 2013 due April 2036 - fixed rate interest period through 2018; bearing interest at 4.75%	16,000		16,000
Business Finance Authority of the State of New Hampshire Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2013 due April 2029 - fixed rate interest period through 2019; bearing interest at 4.00%	11,000		11,000
Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2005R-1; letter of credit backed due January 2025 - bearing interest at SIFMA Index	3,600		3,600
Other:
Capital leases maturing through April 2023; bearing interest at up to 7.70%	5,534		4,130
Notes payable maturing through January 2021; bearing interest at up to 7.00%	449		1,167
Senior Subordinated Notes:
Due February 2019; bore interest at 7.75%	—		370,300
Principal amount of long-term debt and capital leases	525,583		525,019
Less—unamortized discount and debt issuance costs (1)	16,936		17,586
Long-term debt and capital leases less unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	508,647		507,433
Less—current maturities of long-term debt	4,686		1,448
	$	503,961	$	505,985


(1)	A summary of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs by debt instrument follows:



	December 31,
	2016		2015
Revolving Credit Facility	$	4,965	$	—
Term Loan B Facility (including unamortized discount of $1,712 and $0)	7,718		—
Senior Secured Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility	—		5,593
New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2014	1,221		1,407
New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2014R-2	571		—
Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2005R-2	502		566
Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2015	760		830
Vermont Economic Development Authority Solid Waste Disposal Long-Term Revenue Bonds Series 2013	605		636
Business Finance Authority of the State of NH Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2013	563		690
Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2005R-1	31		35
Senior Subordinated Notes (including unamortized discount of $0 and $1,372)	—		7,829
	$	16,936	$	17,586

Credit Facility

In fiscal year 2016, we entered into a credit agreement ("Credit Agreement"), which provides for a $350,000 aggregate principal amount term loan B facility ("Term Loan B Facility") and a $160,000 revolving line of credit facility ("Revolving Credit Facility" and, together with the Term Loan B Facility, the "Credit Facility"). The net proceeds from this transaction were used to repay in full our senior secured asset-based revolving credit and letter of credit facility ("ABL Facility") and to redeem all of our remaining outstanding 7.75% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2019 ("2019 Notes") at a redemption price equal to 101.938% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and to pay related transaction expenses. We have the right to request, at our discretion, an increase in the amount of loans under the Credit Facility by an aggregate amount of $100,000, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement.

The Term Loan B Facility has a 7-year term and will initially bear interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 3.00% per annum (with a 1.00% LIBOR floor), which will be reduced to a rate of LIBOR plus 2.75% upon us reaching a consolidated net leverage ratio of 3.75x or less. The Revolving Credit Facility has a 5-year term and will initially bear interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 3.00% per annum, which can be adjusted from an applicable rate of LIBOR plus 2.50% to 3.25% depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio. Our Credit Facility is guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally by all of our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of our assets. As of December 31, 2016, further advances were available under the Revolving Credit Facility in the amount of $72,072. The available amount is net of outstanding irrevocable letters of credit totaling $25,328, at which date no amount had been drawn.

The Credit Agreement requires us to maintain a minimum interest coverage ratio and a maximum consolidated net leverage ratio, to be measured at the end of each fiscal quarter. As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with the covenants contained in the Credit Agreement. In addition to these financial covenants, the Credit Agreement also contains a number of important customary affirmative and negative covenants which restrict, among other things, our ability to sell assets, incur additional debt, create liens, make investments, and pay dividends. We do not believe that these restrictions impact our ability to meet future liquidity needs. An event of default under any of our debt agreements could permit some of our lenders, including the lenders under the Credit Facility, to declare all amounts borrowed from them to be immediately due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest, or, in the case of the Credit Facility, terminate the commitment to make further credit extensions thereunder, which could, in turn, trigger cross-defaults under other debt obligations. If we were unable to repay debt to our lenders, or were otherwise in default under any provision governing our outstanding debt obligations, our secured lenders could proceed against us and against the collateral securing that debt.

Tax-Exempt Financings

New York Bonds. In fiscal year 2016, we completed a financing transaction involving the issuance by the New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation of $15,000 aggregate principal amount of Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2014R-2 (“New York Bonds 2016”).

As of December 31, 2016, we had outstanding $40,000 aggregate principal amount of Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2014 ("New York Bonds 2014") and New York Bonds 2016 issued by the New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation under the indenture dated December 1, 2014 (collectively, the “New York Bonds”). The New York Bonds 2014 accrue interest at 3.75% per annum through December 1, 2019, at which time they may be converted from a fixed rate to a variable rate. The New York Bonds 2016 accrue interest at 3.125% per annum through May 31, 2026, at which time they may be converted from a fixed rate to a variable rate. The New York Bonds, which are unsecured and guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally by all of our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries, require interest payments on June 1 and December 1 of each year and mature on December 1, 2044. We borrowed the proceeds of the New York Bonds to finance or refinance certain capital projects in the state of New York and to pay certain costs of issuance of the New York Bonds.

Maine Bonds. As of December 31, 2016, we had outstanding $21,400 aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2005R-2 (“FAME Bonds 2005R-2”). The FAME Bonds 2005R-2, which were guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally by all of our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries, accrued interest at 6.25% per annum through January 31, 2017. During the fixed interest rate period, the FAME Bonds 2005R-2 were not supported by a letter of credit. Interest was payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The FAME Bonds 2005R-2 were set to mature on January 1, 2025.

As of December 31, 2016, we had outstanding $3,600 aggregate principal amount of Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2005R-1 (“FAME Bonds 2005R-1”). The FAME Bonds 2005R-1 were variable rate bonds secured by a letter of credit issued by our administrative agent bank and interest was payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The FAME Bonds 2005R-1 were set to mature on January 1, 2025.

We borrowed the proceeds of the FAME Bonds 2005R-1 and 2005R-2 to pay for certain costs relating to the following: landfill development and construction; the acquisition of vehicles, containers and related equipment for solid waste collection and transportation services; improvements to existing solid waste disposal, hauling, transfer station and other facilities; other infrastructure improvements; and the acquisition of machinery and equipment for solid waste disposal operations owned and operated by us, or a related party, all located in Maine.

In February 2017, we completed the remarketing of the FAME Bonds 2005R-1 and the FAME Bonds 2005R-2 as one series of bonds knows as $25,000 aggregate principal amount of Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2005R-3 (“FAME Bonds 2005R-3”). The FAME Bonds 2005R-3, which are guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally by all of our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries, accrue interest at 5.25% per annum until they mature on January 1, 2025.

As of December 31, 2016, we had outstanding $15,000 aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured FAME Bonds 2015. The FAME Bonds 2015, which are guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally by all of our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries, accrue interest at 5.125% per annum through August 1, 2025, at which time they may be converted from a fixed to a variable rate. During the fixed interest rate period, the FAME Bonds 2015 will not be supported by a letter of credit. Interest is payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year. An additional $15,000 aggregate principal amount of FAME Bonds 2015 may be offered under the same indenture in the future. The FAME Bonds 2015 mature on August 1, 2035.

Vermont Bonds. As of December 31, 2016, we had outstanding $16,000 aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured Vermont Economic Development Authority Solid Waste Disposal Long-Term Revenue Bonds Series 2013 (“Vermont Bonds”). The Vermont Bonds, which are guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally by all of our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries, accrue interest at 4.75% per annum through April 1, 2018, at which time they may be converted from a fixed rate to a variable rate. During the fixed interest rate period, the Vermont Bonds will not be supported by a letter of credit. Interest is payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The Vermont Bonds mature on April 1, 2036. We borrowed the proceeds of the Vermont Bonds to finance or refinance certain qualifying property, plant and equipment assets purchased in the state of Vermont.

New Hampshire Bonds. As of December 31, 2016, we had outstanding $11,000 aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2013 issued by the Business Finance Authority of the State of New Hampshire (“New Hampshire Bonds”). The New Hampshire Bonds, which are guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally by all of our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries, accrue interest at 4.00% per annum through October 1, 2019, at which time they may be converted from a fixed rate to a variable rate. During the fixed interest rate period, the New Hampshire Bonds will not be supported by a letter of credit. Interest is payable in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The New Hampshire Bonds mature on April 1, 2029. We borrowed the proceeds of the New Hampshire Bonds to finance or refinance certain qualifying property, plant and equipment assets purchased in the state of New Hampshire.

Loss on Debt Extinguishment

We recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $13,747 and $999 in fiscal year 2016 and fiscal year 2015, respectively, associated with the following:


•	the write-off of debt issuance costs in connection with changes to the borrowing capacity from our Refinanced Revolving Credit Facility to the ABL Facility in fiscal year 2015.


•	the write-off of debt issuance costs in connection with changes to the borrowing capacity from our ABL Facility to the Credit Facility in fiscal year 2016; and


•	the repurchase price premium and write-off of debt issuance costs and unamortized original issue discount associated with the early redemption, repurchase and retirement of our 2019 Notes in fiscal year 2016 and 2015.

Interest Expense

The components of interest expense are as follows:



	Fiscal Year Ended December 31,						Eight Months Ended December 31, 2014			Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2014
	2016			2015			Eight Months Ended December 31, 2014			Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2014
Interest expense on long-term debt and capital leases	$	34,741		$	35,868		$	23,065		$	34,216
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts on long-term debt	3,881			3,977			2,193			3,000
Letter of credit fees	593			637			714			1,215
Less: capitalized interest	(273		)	(62		)	(333		)	(256		)
Total interest expense	$	38,942		$	40,420		$	25,639		$	38,175

Fair Value of Debt

As of December 31, 2016, the fair value of our fixed rate debt, including the FAME Bonds 2005R-2, FAME Bonds 2015, Vermont Bonds, New York Bonds and New Hampshire Bonds was approximately $101,449 and the carrying value was $103,400. The fair value of the FAME Bonds 2005R-2, the FAME Bonds 2015, the Vermont Bonds, the New York Bonds and the New Hampshire Bonds is considered to be Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy as the fair value is determined using market approach pricing provided by a third-party that utilizes pricing models and pricing systems, mathematical tools and judgment to determine the evaluated price for the security based on the market information of each of the bonds or securities with similar characteristics.

As of December 31, 2016, the fair value of our Term Loan B Facility was approximately $353,063 and the carrying value was $350,000. The fair value of the Term Loan B Facility is considered to be Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy as its fair value is based off of quoted market prices in a principal to principal market with limited public information. As of December 31, 2016, the fair value of our Revolving Credit Facility approximated its carrying value of $62,600 based on current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, or Level 2 inputs. The carrying value of our remaining material variable rate debt, the FAME Bonds 2005R-1, approximates fair value because the interest rate for the debt instrument is based on a market index that approximates current market rates for instruments with similar risk and maturities.

Although we have determined the estimated fair value amounts of the Term Loan B Facility, FAME Bonds 2005R-2, FAME Bonds 2015, Vermont Bonds, New York Bonds and New Hampshire Bonds using available market information and commonly accepted valuation methodologies, a change in available market information, and/or the use of different assumptions and/or estimation methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair values. These amounts have not been revalued, and current estimates of fair value could differ significantly from the amounts presented.

Future Maturities of Debt

Aggregate principal maturities of long-term debt and capital leases are as follows:




Estimated Future Payments as of December 31, 2016
2017	$	4,686
2018	4,486
2019	4,554
2020	4,873
2021	66,991
Thereafter	439,993
	$	525,583