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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Organization and Principles of Consolidation

(a)

Organization and Principles of Consolidation

General

Regency Centers Corporation (the "Parent Company") began its operations as a REIT in 1993 and is the general partner of Regency Centers, L.P. (the "Operating Partnership"). The Parent Company primarily engages in the ownership, management, leasing, acquisition, development, and redevelopment of shopping centers through the Operating Partnership and has no other assets other than through its investment in the Operating Partnership. Its only indebtedness consists of $200 million of unsecured private placement notes, which are co-issued and guaranteed by the Operating Partnership. The Parent Company guarantees all of the unsecured debt of the Operating Partnership.

As of December 31, 2024, the Parent Company, the Operating Partnership, and their controlled subsidiaries on a consolidated basis (the "Company" or "Regency") owned 379 properties and held partial interests in an additional 103 properties through unconsolidated Investments in real estate partnerships (also referred to as "joint ventures" or "investment partnerships").

Consolidation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Parent Company, the Operating Partnership, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and consolidated partnerships in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. Investments in real estate partnerships not controlled by the Company are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. All significant inter-company balances and transactions are eliminated in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company consolidates properties that are wholly-owned and properties where it owns less than 100% but holds a controlling financial interest in the entity. Controlling financial interest is determined using an evaluation based on accounting standards related to the consolidation of Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs") and voting interest entities. For joint ventures that are determined to be a VIE, the Company consolidates the entity where it is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. Determination of the primary beneficiary is based on whether an entity has (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance, and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

Ownership of the Parent Company

The Parent Company currently has a single class of common stock and two series of preferred stock outstanding.

Ownership of the Operating Partnership

The Operating Partnership's capital includes Common Units and Preferred Units. As of December 31, 2024, the Parent Company owned approximately 99.4% or 181,361,454 of the 182,458,113 of the outstanding Common Units, with the remaining limited partner's Common Units held by third parties ("Exchangeable operating partnership units" or "EOP units"). The Parent Company currently owns all of the Preferred Units.

Each EOP unit is exchangeable for cash or one share of common stock of the Parent Company, at the discretion of the Parent Company, and the unit holder cannot require redemption in cash or common stock (i.e., registered shares of the Parent). The Parent Company has evaluated the conditions as specified under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as it relates to EOP units outstanding and concluded that the Parent Company has the right to satisfy the redemption requirements of the units by delivering shares of unregistered common stock. Accordingly, the Parent Company classifies EOP units as permanent equity in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Equity and Comprehensive Income. The Parent Company serves as general partner of the Operating Partnership. The EOP unit holders have limited rights over the Operating Partnership such that they do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the Operating Partnership’s economic performance. As such, the Operating Partnership is considered a VIE, and the Parent Company, which consolidates it, is the primary beneficiary. The Parent Company's only investment is the Operating Partnership. Net income and distributions of the Operating Partnership are allocable to the general and limited common Partnership Units in accordance with their ownership percentages.

Acquisition of Urstadt Biddle Properties Inc.

On August 18, 2023, the Company acquired Urstadt Biddle Properties Inc. ("UBP") which was accounted for as an asset acquisition. Under the terms of the merger agreement, each share of Urstadt Biddle common stock and Urstadt Biddle Class A common stock was converted into 0.347 of a share of common stock of the Parent Company. Additionally, each share of UBP’s 6.25% Series H Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and 5.875% Series K Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock was converted into one share of newly issued Parent Company 6.25% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock ("Parent Company Series A preferred stock") and 5.875% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock ("Parent Company Series B preferred stock"), respectively (collectively referred to as the "Preferred Stock").

As a result of the acquisition, the Company acquired 74 properties representing 5.3 million square feet of GLA, including 10 properties held through real estate partnerships.

Estimates

Estimates, Risks, and Uncertainties

The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company's management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of commitments and contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant estimates in the Company's financial statements relate to the net carrying values of its real estate investments, collectibility of lease income, and acquired lease intangible assets and liabilities. It is possible that the estimates and assumptions that have been utilized in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements could change significantly if economic conditions were to weaken

Risks and Uncertainties

The success of the Company's tenants in operating their businesses and their corresponding ability to pay rent continue to be influenced by current economic challenges, which may impact their cost of doing business, including but not limited to the impact of inflation, the cost and availability of labor, increasing energy prices and interest rates, and access to credit. Additionally, geopolitical and macroeconomic challenges, including the war involving Russia and Ukraine, the current Middle East conflicts and wars, and economic conflicts with China, as well as the slowing of its economy, could impact aspects of the U.S. economy and, therefore, consumer spending. The policies implemented by the U.S. government to address these and related issues, including changes by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of its benchmark federal funds rate, increases or decreases in federal government spending, and economic sanctions and tariffs, could result in adverse impacts on the U.S. economy, including a slowing of growth and potentially a recession, thereby impacting consumer spending, tenants' businesses, and/or decreasing future demand for space in shopping centers. The potential impact of current macroeconomic and geopolitical challenges on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows is subject to change and continues to depend on the extent and duration of these risks and uncertainties.

Real Estate Partnerships

As of December 31, 2024, Regency held partial ownership interests in 122 properties through real estate partnerships, of which 19 are consolidated. Regency's partners include institutional investors, real estate developers and/or operators, and passive investors (the "Partners" or "Limited Partners"). These partnerships have been established to own and operate real estate properties. The Company’s involvement with these entities is through its ownership of its equity interest in the partnerships and management of the properties. The entities were deemed VIEs primarily because the unrelated investors do not have substantive kick-out rights to remove the general or managing partner by a vote of a simple majority or less, and they do not have substantive participating rights. Regency has variable interests in these entities through its equity ownership, with Regency being the primary beneficiary in certain of these real estate partnerships. Regency consolidates the partnerships into its financial statements for which it is the primary beneficiary and reports the limited partners' interests as noncontrolling interests. For those partnerships which Regency is not the primary beneficiary and does not have a controlling financial interest, but has significant influence, Regency recognizes its equity investments in them in accordance with the equity method of accounting.

The assets of these partnerships are restricted to use by the respective partnerships and cannot be directly reached by general creditors of the Company, except to the extent that the Company has provided payment guarantees. Similarly, the obligations of the partnerships are backed by, and can only be settled through the assets of these partnerships or by additional capital contributions by the partners, or, where applicable, by the Company under such guarantees. As managing member, Regency maintains the books and records and typically provides leasing property and asset management services to the partnerships. The Partners' level of involvement in these partnerships varies from protective decisions (debt, bankruptcy, selling primary asset(s) of business) to participating involvement such as approving leases, operating budgets, and capital budgets.

•

Certain partnerships were deemed VIEs primarily because the unrelated investors do not have substantive kick-out rights to remove the general or managing partner by a vote of a simple majority or less, and they do not have substantive participating rights. Those partnerships for which the Partners are involved in the day to day decisions and do not have any other aspects that would cause them to be considered VIEs, are evaluated for consolidation using the voting interest model.

Those partnerships in which Regency does not have a controlling financial interest are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and Regency's ownership interest is recognized through single-line presentation as Investments in real estate partnerships, in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, and Equity in income of investments in real estate partnerships, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Cash distributions of earnings from operations from Investments in real estate partnerships are presented in Cash flows provided by operating activities in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Cash distributions from the sale of a property or loan proceeds received from the placement of debt on a property included in Investments in real estate partnerships are presented in Cash flows provided by investing activities in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. If distributed proceeds from debt refinancing and real estate sales in excess of Regency's carrying value of its investment results in a negative investment balance for a partnership, it is recorded within Accounts payable and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The net difference in the carrying amount of investments in real estate partnerships and the underlying equity in net assets is accreted to earnings and recorded in Equity in income of investments in real estate partnerships in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations over the expected useful lives of the properties and other intangible assets, which range from 10 to 40 years.

The majority of the operations of the VIEs are funded with cash flows generated by the properties, or in the case of developments, with capital contributions or third-party construction loans.

The carrying amounts of VIEs' assets and liabilities included in the Company's consolidated financial statements, exclusive of the Operating Partnership, are as follows:


(in thousands)	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets
Real estate assets, net	$	312,873		270,674
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		16,687		8,201
Tenant and other receivables, net		5,833		3,883
Deferred costs, net		3,178		2,494
Acquired lease intangible assets, net		6,293		12,099
Right of use assets, net		18,148		44,377
Other assets		597		893
Total Assets	$	363,609		342,621
Liabilities
Notes payable	$	32,653		33,211
Accounts payable and other liabilities		16,149		29,919
Acquired lease intangible liabilities, net		10,627		21,456
Tenants' security, escrow deposits and prepaid rent		1,260		1,239
Lease liabilities		19,370		21,433
Total Liabilities	$	80,059		107,258

Noncontrolling Interests

The Company accounts for noncontrolling interests in accordance with the Consolidation guidance and the Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity guidance issued by the FASB. Noncontrolling interests represent the portion of equity that the Company does not own in those entities it consolidates. Noncontrolling interests also include amounts related to partnership units issued by consolidated subsidiaries of the Company in connection with certain property acquisitions. These partnership units have a defined redemption amount and the unit holders generally have the right to redeem their units at any time after a certain period from issuance. For these partnership units, the Company has the option to settle redemption amounts in cash or common stock. The Company evaluates the terms of the partnership units issued in accordance with the FASB’s Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity guidance. The partnership units for which the Company has the option to settle redemption amounts in cash or common stock are included in the caption Noncontrolling interests within the equity section on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Noncontrolling Interests of the Parent Company

The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Parent Company include the following ownership interests held by owners other than the common shareholders of the Parent Company: (i) the EOP units and (ii) the minority-owned interest held by third parties in consolidated partnerships ("Limited partners' interests in consolidated partnerships"). The Parent Company has included all of these noncontrolling interests in permanent equity, separate from the Parent Company's shareholders' equity, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Equity. The portion of net income or comprehensive income attributable to these noncontrolling interests is included in net income and comprehensive income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income of the Parent Company.

The Parent Company also evaluated its fiduciary duties to itself, its shareholders, and, as the managing general partner of the Operating Partnership, to the Operating Partnership, and concluded its fiduciary duties are not in conflict with each other or the underlying agreements. Therefore, the Parent Company classifies such units and interests as permanent equity in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Equity.

Noncontrolling Interests of the Operating Partnership

The Operating Partnership has determined that limited partners' interests in consolidated partnerships are noncontrolling interests. Subject to certain conditions and pursuant to the terms of the partnership agreements, the Company generally has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase the other members' interest or sell its own interest in these consolidated partnerships. The Operating Partnership has included these noncontrolling interests in permanent capital, separate from partners' capital, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Capital. The portion of net income (loss) or comprehensive income (loss) attributable to these noncontrolling interests is included in Net income and Comprehensive income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements Comprehensive Income of the Operating Partnership.

Revenues and Tenant Receivable

(b)

Revenues and Tenant Receivable

Leasing Income and Tenant Receivables

The Company leases space to tenants under agreements with varying terms that generally provide for fixed payments of base rent, with stated increases over the term of the lease. Some of the lease agreements contain provisions that provide for additional rents based on tenants' sales volume ("percentage rent"), which are recognized when the tenants achieve the specified targets as defined in their lease agreements. Additionally, most lease agreements contain provisions for reimbursement of the tenants' share of actual real estate taxes and insurance and common area maintenance ("CAM") costs (collectively "Recoverable Costs") incurred.

Lease terms generally range from three to seven years for tenant spaces under 10,000 square feet ("Shop Space") and in excess of five years for spaces greater than 10,000 square feet ("Anchor Space"). Many leases also provide tenants the option to extend their lease beyond the initial term of the lease. If a tenant does not exercise its option or otherwise negotiate to renew, the lease expires and the lease contains an obligation for the tenant to relinquish its space, allowing it to be re-leased to a new tenant. This generally involves some level of cost to prepare the space for re-leasing, which is capitalized and depreciated over the shorter period of the life of the subsequent lease or the useful life of the improvement.

The Company accounts for its leases under ASC Topic 842, Leases ("Topic 842"), as follows:

Classification

Under Topic 842, new leases or modifications thereto must be evaluated against specific classification criteria, which, based on the customary terms of the Company's leases, are classified as operating leases. However, certain longer-term leases (both lessee and lessor leases) may be classified as direct financing or sales type leases, which may result in selling profit and an accelerated pattern of earnings recognition. At December 31, 2024, the Company classified three leases as sales type leases, with all others classified as operating leases.

Recognition and Presentation

Lease income for operating leases with fixed payment terms is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected term of the lease for all leases for which collectibility is considered probable. CAM is considered a non-lease component of the lease contract under Topic 842. However, as the timing and pattern of providing the CAM service to the tenant is the same as the timing and pattern of the tenant's use of the underlying lease asset, the Company elected, as part of an available practical expedient, to combine CAM with the remaining lease components, along with tenant's reimbursement of real estate taxes and insurance, and recognize them together as Lease income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

For sales type leases, the Company records any selling profit or loss arising from the lease at inception within Gain on sale of real estate, net of tax in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations, as well as any initial direct costs recorded as an expense if, at commencement, the fair value of the underlying asset differs from its carrying amount, otherwise, they are deferred and included in the net investment in the lease. The net investment in the sales-type lease represents the lease receivable, the components of which are the future lease payments and any guaranteed residual value for the underlying assets, as well as any unguaranteed residual asset expected at the end of the lease term, each measured at net present value discounted using a rate implicit in the lease. Interest income is recorded within Lease income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations over the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of return on the Company’s net investment in the leases. At the commencement date, the Company derecognizes the carrying amount of the underlying asset. When measuring the net investment in a long-term ground lease, the undiscounted residual value of the land will be limited to its fair value at commencement which will likely equate to its cost.

Collectibility

At lease commencement, the Company generally expects that collectibility of substantially all payments due under the lease is probable due to the Company's credit checks on tenants and other creditworthiness analysis undertaken before entering into a new lease; therefore, income from most operating leases is initially recognized on a straight-line basis. For operating leases in which collectibility of Lease income is not considered probable, Lease income is recognized on a cash basis and all previously recognized straight-line rent receivables are reversed in the period in which the Lease income is determined not to be probable of collection. Should collectibility of Lease income become probable again, through evaluation of qualitative and quantitative measures on a tenant by tenant basis, accrual basis accounting resumes and all commencement-to-date straight-line rent is recognized in that period.

In addition to the lease-specific collectibility assessment performed under Topic 842, the Company may also recognize a general reserve, as a reduction to Lease income, for its portfolio of operating lease receivables which are not expected to be fully collectible based on the Company's historical collection experience. The Company estimates the collectibility of the accounts receivable related to base rents, straight-line rents, recoveries from tenants, and other revenue taking into consideration the Company's historical write-off experience, tenant credit-worthiness, current economic trends, and remaining lease terms. Uncollectible lease income is a direct charge against Lease income. Although we estimate uncollectible receivables and provide for them through charges against income, actual experience may differ from those estimates.

The following table represents the components of Tenant and other receivables, net of amounts considered uncollectible, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets:


	December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Tenant receivables	$	35,306		34,814
Straight-line rent receivables		157,507		138,590
Other receivables (1)		62,682		32,758
Total tenant and other receivables, net	$	255,495		206,162

(1)

Other receivables include notes receivables, construction receivables, insurance receivables, and amounts due from real estate partnerships for Management, transaction and other fee income.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has an outstanding note receivable in the carrying amount of $29.8 million at an interest rate of 6.8% maturing in January 2027, secured by a grocery-anchored shopping center.

Real Estate Sales

The Company accounts for sales of nonfinancial assets under ASC Subtopic 610-20, Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets, whereby the Company derecognizes real estate and recognizes a gain or loss on sales when a contract exists and control of the property has transferred to the buyer. Control of the property, including controlling financial interest, is generally considered to transfer upon closing through transfer of the legal title and possession of the property. While generally rare, any retained noncontrolling interest is measured at fair value at that time.

Management Services and Other Property Income

The Company recognizes revenue under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("Topic 606"), when or as control of the promised services are transferred to its customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. The following is a description of the Company's revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of Topic 606.

Property and Asset Management Services

The Company is engaged under agreements with its joint venture partnerships, which are generally perpetual in nature and cancellable through unanimous partner approval, absent an event of default. Under these agreements, the Company is to provide asset and property management and leasing services for the joint ventures' shopping centers. The fees are market-based, generally calculated as a percentage of either revenues earned or the estimated values of the properties managed or the proceeds received, and are recognized over the monthly or quarterly periods as services are rendered. Property management and asset management services represent a series of distinct daily services. Accordingly, the Company satisfies its performance obligation as service is rendered each day and the variability associated with that compensation is resolved each day. Amounts due from the partnerships for such services are paid during the month following the monthly or quarterly service periods.

Several of the Company's partnership agreements provide for incentive payments, generally referred to as "promotes" or "earnouts," to Regency for appreciation in property values in Regency's capacity as managing member. The terms of these promotes are based on appreciation in real estate value over designated time intervals or upon designated events. The Company evaluates its expected promote payout at each reporting period, which generally does not result in revenue recognition until the measurement period has completed, when the amount can be reasonably determined and the amount is not probable of significant reversal.

Leasing Services

Leasing service fees are based on a percentage of the total rent due under the lease. The leasing service is considered performed upon successful execution of an acceptable tenant lease for the joint ventures' shopping centers, at which time revenue is recognized. Payment of the first half of the fee is generally due upon lease execution and the second half is generally due upon tenant opening or the commencement of rent payments.

Transaction Services

The Company also receives transaction fees, as contractually agreed upon with each joint venture, which include acquisition fees, disposition fees, and financing service fees. Control of these services is generally transferred at the time the related transaction closes, which is the point in time when the Company recognizes the related fee revenue. Any unpaid amounts related to transaction-based fees are included in Tenant and other receivables within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Other Property Income

Other property income includes parking fees and other incidental income from the properties and is generally recognized at the point in time that the performance obligation is met.

Income within Management, transaction, and other fees is primarily derived from contracts with the Company's real estate partnerships. The primary components of these revenue streams, the timing of satisfying the performance obligations, and amounts are as follows:


		Year ended December 31,
(in thousands)	Timing of satisfaction of performance obligations	2024		2023		2022
Management, transaction, and other fees:
Property management services	Over time	$	15,767		14,075		13,470
Asset management services	Over time		6,548		6,542		6,752
Leasing services	Point in time		3,738		3,908		3,945
Other transaction fees	Point in time		1,821		2,429		1,684
Total management, transaction, and other fees		$	27,874		26,954		25,851

The accounts receivable for Total management, transactions, and other fees, which are included within Tenant and other receivables in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, are $19.7 million and $18.5 million, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Real Estate Assets

(c)

Real Estate Assets

The following table details the components of Real estate assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:


(in thousands)	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Land	$	4,757,704		4,802,583
Land improvements		807,881		758,779
Buildings		6,456,719		6,371,894
Building and tenant improvements		1,461,003		1,302,954
Construction in progress		215,112		218,181
Total real estate assets	$	13,698,419		13,454,391

Capitalization and Depreciation

Real estate assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation, and amortization. The Company periodically assesses the useful lives of its depreciable real estate assets, including those intended to be redeveloped in the near term, and accounts for any revisions prospectively. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs and demolition costs are charged to operations as incurred. Significant renovations and replacements, which improve or extend the life of the asset, are capitalized.

As part of the leasing process, the Company may provide lessees with allowances for the construction of leasehold improvements. These leasehold improvements are capitalized and recorded as tenant improvements and depreciated over the shorter of the useful life of the improvements or the remaining lease term. If the allowance represents a payment for a purpose other than funding leasehold improvements, or in the event the Company is not considered the owner of the improvements, the allowance is considered to be a lease incentive and is recognized over the lease term as a reduction of Lease income. Factors considered during this evaluation include, among other things, who holds legal title to the improvements as well as other controlling rights provided by the lease agreement and provisions for substantiation of such costs (e.g. unilateral control of the tenant space during the build-out process). Determination of the appropriate accounting for the payment of a tenant allowance is made on a lease-by-lease basis, considering the facts and circumstances of the individual tenant lease.

Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of approximately 15 years for land improvements, 40 years for buildings and improvements, and the shorter of the useful life or the remaining lease term.

Development and Redevelopment Costs

All specifically identifiable costs related to development and redevelopment activities are capitalized into Real estate assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, and are included in Construction in progress within the above table. The capitalized costs include pre-development costs essential to the development or redevelopment of the property, construction costs, interest costs, real estate taxes, insurance, legal costs, salaries and related costs of personnel directly involved and other costs incurred during the period of development or redevelopment.

Pre-development costs represent the costs the Company incurs prior to land acquisition or pursuing a redevelopment including contract deposits, as well as legal, engineering, and other external professional fees related to evaluating the feasibility of developing or redeveloping a shopping center. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had nonrefundable deposits and other pre-development costs of approximately $10.2 million and $7.7 million, respectively. If the Company determines that the development or redevelopment of a particular shopping center is no longer probable, any related pre-development costs previously capitalized are immediately expensed. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company expensed pre-development costs of approximately $0.9 million, $0.1 million, and $0.6 million, respectively, in Other operating expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Interest costs are capitalized into each development and redevelopment project based upon applying the Company's weighted average borrowing rate to that portion of the actual development or redevelopment costs incurred. The Company discontinues interest and real estate tax capitalization when a project is no longer being developed or is available for occupancy upon substantial completion of tenant improvements, but in no event would the Company capitalize interest on a project beyond 12 months after substantial completion of the building. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company capitalized interest of $6.6 million, $5.7 million, and $4.2 million, respectively, on our development and redevelopment projects.

We have a staff of employees directly supporting our development and redevelopment program. All direct internal costs attributable to these development activities are capitalized as part of each development and redevelopment project. The capitalization of costs is directly related to the actual level of development activity occurring. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, we capitalized $19.8 million, $13.3 million, and $10.8 million, respectively, of direct internal costs incurred to support our development and redevelopment program.

Acquisitions

Upon acquisition of operating real estate properties, the Company estimates the fair value of acquired tangible assets (consisting of land, land improvements, buildings, building improvements and tenant improvements) and identified intangible assets and liabilities (consisting of above and below-market leases and in-place leases), assumed debt, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at the date of acquisition, based on evaluation of information and estimates available at that date. Based on these estimates, the Company allocates the purchase price of the acquired properties based on their relative fair value to the applicable assets and liabilities. Acquisitions of operating properties are generally considered asset acquisitions and therefore transaction costs are capitalized. Fair value is determined based on an exit price approach, which contemplates the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The Company's methodology includes estimating an "as-if vacant" fair value of the physical property, which includes land, building, and improvements. In addition, the Company determines the estimated fair value of identifiable intangible assets and liabilities, considering the following categories: (i) value of in-place leases, and (ii) above and below-market value of in-place leases.

The value of in-place leases is estimated based on the value associated with the costs avoided in originating leases compared to the acquired in-place leases as well as the value associated with lost rental and recovery revenue during the assumed lease-up period. The value of in-place leases is recorded to Depreciation and amortization expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the remaining expected term of the respective leases.

Above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties are recorded based on the present value of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) management's estimate of market lease rates for comparable in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease, including below-market renewal options, if applicable. The value of above-market leases is amortized as a reduction of Lease income over the remaining terms of the respective leases and the value of below-market leases is accreted to Lease income over the remaining terms of the respective leases, including below-market renewal options, if applicable.

The Company does not assign value to customer relationship intangibles if it has pre-existing business relationships with major retailers at the acquired property since they do not provide incremental value over the Company's existing relationships.

Held for Sale

The Company classifies real estate assets as held-for-sale upon satisfaction of all the following criteria: (i) management commits to a plan to sell a property (or group of properties), (ii) the property is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such properties, (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the property have been initiated, (iv) the sale of the property is probable and transfer of the asset is expected to be completed within one year, (v) the property is being actively marketed for sale, and (vi) actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. Upon the determination to classify a property as held for sale, the Company ceases depreciation and amortization on the real estate property held for sale, as well as the amortization of any related intangible assets. Such properties are recorded at the lesser of the carrying value or estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell.

Valuation of Real Estate Investments and Impairments

The Company continually evaluates whether there are any events or changes in circumstances, that could indicate the carrying values of the real estate properties (including any related amortizable intangible assets or liabilities) may not be recoverable. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value of real estate assets may not be recoverable, the Company assesses the recoverability of the asset group by estimating whether the Company will recover the carrying value of the asset group through its undiscounted future cash flows, including eventual disposition. Based on this analysis, if the Company does not believe that it will be able to recover the carrying value of the asset group, an impairment charge will be recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset group.

Estimated cash flows are based on several key assumptions, including rental rates, expected leasing activity, costs of tenant improvements, leasing commissions, expected hold period, and assumptions regarding the residual value upon disposition, including the exit capitalization rate. These key assumptions are subjective in nature and could differ materially from actual results. Changes in events or changes in circumstances may alter the hold period of an asset or asset group which may result in an impairment loss and such loss could be material to the Company's financial condition or operating performance. If a property previously classified as held and used is changed to held for sale, the Company estimates fair value, less expected costs to sell, which could cause the Company to determine that the property is impaired.

The estimated fair value of real estate assets is subjective and is estimated through comparable sales information and other market data if available, or through use of an income approach such as the direct capitalization method or the discounted cash flow approach. The discounted cash flow approach uses similar assumptions to the undiscounted cash flow approach above, as well as a discount rate. Such cash flow projections and rates are subject to management judgment and changes in those assumptions could impact the estimate of fair value. In estimating the fair value of undeveloped land, the Company generally uses market data and comparable sales information.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

(d)

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Any instruments which have an original maturity of 90 days or less when purchased are considered cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $5.6 million and $6.4 million, respectively, of cash was restricted through escrow agreements and certain mortgage loans.

Other Assets

(e)

Other Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price consideration from the Equity One merger in 2017 over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company accounts for goodwill in accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, and allocates its goodwill to its reporting units, which have been determined to be at the individual property level. The Company performs an impairment evaluation of its goodwill at least annually, in November of each year, or more frequently as triggers occur. See Note 5.

The goodwill impairment evaluation is completed using either a qualitative or quantitative approach. Under a qualitative approach, the impairment review for goodwill consists of an assessment of whether it is more-likely-than-not that the reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value, including goodwill. If a qualitative approach indicates it is more

likely-than-not that the estimated carrying value of a reporting unit (including goodwill) exceeds its fair value, or if the Company chooses to bypass the qualitative approach for any reporting unit, the Company will perform the quantitative approach described below.

The quantitative approach consists of estimating the fair value of each reporting unit using discounted projected future cash flows and comparing those estimated fair values with the carrying values, which include the allocated goodwill. If the estimated fair value is less than the carrying value, the Company would then recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

Investments

The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in debt and equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet date. The fair value of securities is determined using quoted market prices.

Debt securities are classified as held to maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Debt securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recognized through earnings in Net investment (income) loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Debt securities not classified as held to maturity or as trading, are classified as available-for-sale, and are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, included in the determination of comprehensive income and reported in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income and presented within Net investment (income) loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Goodwill

Investments

Derivative Instruments

The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or future payment of known and uncertain cash amounts, the amount of which are determined by interest rates. The Company's derivative instruments are used to manage fluctuations in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company's known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company's borrowings.

All derivative instruments, whether designated in hedging relationships or not, are recorded on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting, and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain risks, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.

The Company uses interest rate swaps to mitigate its interest rate risk on a related financial instrument or forecasted transaction, and the Company designates these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges generally involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The Company may also utilize cash flow hedges to lock U.S. Treasury rates in anticipation of future fixed-rate debt issuances. The gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value of derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges are recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"). Upon the settlement of a hedge, gains and losses remaining in AOCI are amortized through earnings over the underlying term of the hedged transaction. The cash receipts or payments related to interest rate swaps are presented in cash flows provided by operating activities in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various hedge transactions. The Company assesses, both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows and/or forecasted cash flows of the hedged items.

In assessing the valuation of the hedges, the Company uses standard market conventions and techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis, option pricing models, and termination costs at each balance sheet date. All methods of assessing fair value result in a general approximation of value, and such value may never actually be realized.

Deferred Leasing Costs

(f)

Deferred Leasing Costs

Deferred leasing costs consist of costs associated with leasing the Company's shopping centers, and are presented net of accumulated amortization. Such costs are amortized over the period through lease expiration. If the lease is terminated early, the remaining leasing costs are written off.

Under ASC Topic 842, the Company, as a lessor, may only defer as initial direct costs the incremental costs of a tenant's operating lease that would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained. These costs generally consist of third party broker payments. Non-contingent internal leasing and legal costs associated with leasing activities are expensed within General and administrative expenses.

Income Taxes

(g)

Income Taxes

The Parent Company believes it qualifies, and intends to continue to qualify, as a REIT under the Code. As a REIT, the Parent Company will generally not be subject to federal income tax, provided that distributions to its shareholders are at least equal to REIT taxable income. All wholly-owned corporate subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership have elected to be a TRS or qualify as a REIT. The TRSs are subject to federal and state income taxes and file separate tax returns. As a pass through entity, the Operating Partnership generally does not pay taxes, but its taxable income or loss is reported by its partners, of which the Parent Company, as general partner and approximately 99.4% owner, is allocated its Pro-rata share of tax attributes.

The Company accounts for income taxes related to its TRSs under the asset and liability approach, which requires the recognition of the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records deferred tax liabilities within Accounts payable and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent it believes it is more likely than not that these assets will be realized within Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is believed that it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including forecasts of future taxable income, the reversal of other existing temporary differences, available net operating loss carryforwards, tax planning strategies and recent and projected results of operations in order to make that determination.

In addition, tax positions are initially recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions shall initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts. The Company believes that it has appropriate support for the income tax positions taken and to be taken on its tax returns and that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open tax years (2021 and forward for federal and state) based on an assessment of many factors including past experience and interpretations of tax laws applied to the facts of each matter.

Lease Obligations

(h)

Lease Obligations

The Company has certain properties within its consolidated real estate portfolio that are either partially or completely on land subject to ground leases with third parties, which are all classified as operating leases. Accordingly, the Company owns only a long-term leasehold or similar interest in these properties. The building and improvements constructed on the leased land are capitalized as Real estate assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and depreciated over the shorter of the useful life of the improvements or the lease term.

In addition, the Company has non-cancelable operating leases pertaining to office space from which it conducts its business. Leasehold improvements are capitalized as tenant improvements, presented in Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and depreciated over the shorter of the useful life of the improvements or the lease term.

Under Topic 842, the Company recognizes Lease liabilities on its Consolidated Balance Sheets for its ground and office leases and corresponding Right of use assets related to these same ground and office leases which are classified as operating leases. A key input in estimating the Lease liabilities and resulting Right of use assets is establishing the discount rate in the lease, which since the rates implicit in the lease contracts are not readily determinable, requires additional inputs for the longer-term ground leases, including market-based interest rates that correspond with the remaining term of the lease, the Company's credit spread, and a securitization adjustment necessary to reflect the collateralized payment terms present in the lease. This discount rate is applied to the remaining unpaid minimum rental payments for each lease to measure the operating lease liabilities.

The ground and office lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the leases, including management's estimate of expected optional renewal periods. For ground leases, the Company generally assumes it will exercise options through the latest option date of that shopping center's anchor tenant lease.

Forward Equity Sales

(i)

Forward Equity Sales

Our at-the-market (“ATM”) program allows for the sale of common stock through forward sales contracts. These contracts meet all conditions for equity classification, and as such, common stock is recorded at the offering price specified in the contract upon settlement. The Company also accounts for the potential dilution from forward sales contracts in the earnings per share calculations, using the treasury stock method to determine any dilutive impact before settlement. For further details on forward equity sales transactions, refer to Note 12 in the consolidated financial statements.

Earnings per Share and Unit

(j)

Earnings per Share and Unit

Basic earnings per share of common stock and unit are computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares and units, respectively, outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share and unit reflect the conversion of obligations and the assumed exercises of securities including the effects of shares issuable under the Company's share-based payment arrangements, if dilutive. Dividends paid on the Company's share-based compensation awards are not participating securities as they are forfeitable.

Stock-Based Compensation

(k)

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company grants stock-based compensation to its employees and directors and recognizes the cost of stock-based compensation based on the grant-date fair value of the award, which is expensed over the vesting period.

When the Parent Company issues common stock as compensation, it simultaneously receives an equal number of common units from the Operating Partnership. The Company contributes all deemed proceeds from the share-based awards granted under the Parent Company's Long-Term Omnibus Plan (the "Plan") to the operating partnership. Consequently, the Parent Company's ownership in the Operating Partnership increases in proportion to the deemed proceeds contributed in exchange for the common units received. As a result of the issuance of common units to the Parent Company for stock-based compensation, the Operating Partnership records the effect of stock-based compensation for awards of equity in the Parent Company.

Segment Reporting

(l)

Segment Reporting

The Company's business is investing in retail shopping centers through direct ownership or partnership interests. The Company actively manages its portfolio of retail shopping centers and may from time to time make decisions to sell lower performing properties or developments not meeting its long-term investment objectives. The proceeds from sales are generally reinvested into higher quality retail shopping centers, through acquisitions, new developments, or redevelopment of existing centers, which management believes will generate sustainable revenue growth and attractive returns. It is management's intent that all retail shopping centers will be owned or developed for investment purposes; however, the Company may decide to sell all or a portion of a development upon completion. The Company's revenues and net income are generated from the operation of its investment portfolio. The Company also earns fees for services provided to manage and lease retail shopping centers owned through joint ventures.

The Company's portfolio is located throughout the United States. Management does not distinguish or group its operations on a geographical basis for purposes of allocating resources or capital. The Company’s chief operating decision maker ("CODM") evaluates operating and financial performance for each property on an individual property level; therefore, the Company defines an operating segment as its individual properties. The individual properties have been aggregated into one reportable segment based upon their similarities with regard to both the nature and economics of the centers, tenants and operational processes, as well as long-term average financial performance. For further details on segment information, refer to Note 16 in the consolidated financial statements.

Investment Risk Concentrations

(m)

Investment Risk Concentrations

No single tenant comprised 10% or more of our aggregate annualized base rent ("ABR"). As of December 31, 2024, the Company had three geographic concentrations that individually accounted for at least 10.0% of its aggregate ABR. Real estate properties located in California, Florida and New York-Newark-Jersey City core-based statistical area accounted for 23.4%, 20.5% and 12.3% of ABR, respectively. As the result, this geographic concentration of our portfolio makes it potentially more susceptible to adverse weather, natural disasters or economic events that impact these locations. None of the shopping centers are located outside the United States.

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

(n)

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, or ASC 820, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 emphasizes that fair value is intended to be a market-based measurement, as opposed to a transaction-specific measurement. Fair value is defined by ASC 820 as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Therefore, a fair value measurement is determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the Company uses a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the Company's own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy). The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

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Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. An active market is defined as a market in which transactions for the assets or liabilities occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

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Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

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Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on the Company's own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.

The Company also re-measures nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, initially measured at fair value in a business combination or other new basis event, at fair value in subsequent periods if a re-measurement event occurs.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

(n) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The following table provides a brief description of recent accounting pronouncements and expected impact on our financial statements:


Standard	Description	Date of adoption	Effect on the financial statements or other significant matters
Recently adopted:

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.	ASU 2023-09 requires public business entities to disclose additional information in specified categories with respect to the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory rate for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. It also requires greater detail about individual reconciling items in the rate reconciliation to the extent the impact of those items exceeds a specified threshold.	January 1, 2025	Other than additional disclosure, the adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses	ASU 2024-03 requires public business entities to provide additional disclosures that disaggregate certain income statement expense captions into specified categories. The ASU does not impact the presentation of expenses on the face of the income statement but requires additional footnote disclosures to provide users of the financial statements with greater insight into the nature and composition of reported expenses.	January 1, 2027	The Company is assessing the impact this ASU will have on the Company’s financial statement disclosures. While the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the financial position or results of operations, it will require enhanced footnote disclosures related to the disaggregation of income statement expenses.

ASU 2024-04, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments	ASU 2024-04 clarifies guidance on the accounting for inducements offered to holders of convertible debt instruments to encourage them to convert the debt into equity securities. Specifically, the ASU clarifies the recognition and measurement of inducement costs and their impact on the issuer’s financial statements.	January 1, 2026	The Company is assessing the impact this ASU will have on the Company’s financial statement disclosures. The adoption is not expected to have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations, as the Company currently does not have any convertible debt instruments in our financing arrangements.