10-Q

UNITED STATES 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______to_______ .

Commission File Number: 001-31573

Medifast, Inc. 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	13-3714405
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

100 International Drive

Baltimore, Maryland 21202

Telephone Number: (410) 581-8042 

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code and Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. 

Yes  x     No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes  x     No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ¨	Accelerated filer x	Non-accelerated filer ¨	Smaller reporting company ¨
Emerging growth company¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by checkmark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes  ¨      No  x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding at October 31, 2018 was 11,964,966.

Medifast, Inc. and subsidiaries

Index

Part 1 – Financial Information:

Item 1 – Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended  September 30, 2018 and 2017	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended  September 30, 2018 and 2017	4
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the Nine Months Ended  September 30, 2018 and 2017	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018	7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8
Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16
Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	20
Item 4 – Controls and Procedures	20
Part II – Other Information:
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings	21
Item 1A – Risk Factors	21
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	22
Item 6 – Exhibits	22

2

MEDIFAST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share amounts & dividend data)

	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
	2018		2017			2018		2017
Revenue	$	139,239	$	77,205		$	355,159	$	223,556
Cost of sales		32,038		19,022			84,351		54,870
Gross profit		107,201		58,183			270,808		168,686
Selling, general, and administrative		89,734		47,956			221,548		138,540
Income from operations		17,467		10,227			49,260		30,146
Other income (expense)
Interest income, net		361		148			940		352
Other income (expense)		-		(4	)		178		32
		361		144			1,118		384
Income from operations before income taxes		17,828		10,371			50,378		30,530
Provision for income taxes		4,047		3,685			10,242		10,115
Net income	$	13,781	$	6,686		$	40,136	$	20,415
Earnings per share - basic	$	1.15	$	0.56		$	3.34	$	1.71
Earnings per share - diluted	$	1.14	$	0.55		$	3.31	$	1.69
Weighted average shares outstanding -
Basic		11,954		11,930			12,006		11,920
Diluted		12,097		12,095			12,112		12,063
Cash dividends declared per share	$	0.48	$	0.32		$	1.44	$	0.96

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

MEDIFAST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017		2018			2017
Net income	$	13,781		$	6,686	$	40,136		$	20,415
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation		(2	)		7		(2	)		13
Unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities:
Change in fair value of marketable securities		(45	)		26		(104	)		189
Adjustment for net losses realized and included in net income		-			-		-			10
Total change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities		(45	)		26		(104	)		199
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(47	)		33		(106	)		212
Comprehensive income	$	13,734		$	6,719	$	40,030		$	20,627

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

MEDIFAST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except par value)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	82,307		$	75,077
Accounts receivable-net of doubtful accounts of $405 at September 30, 2018 and allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts of $597 at December 31, 2017		1,017			576
Inventory		43,845			19,328
Investment securities		20,912			23,757
Income taxes, prepaid		-			2,272
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,851			4,188
Total current assets		151,932			125,198
Property, plant and equipment - net		18,760			18,611
Other assets		1,400			2,120
Deferred tax assets		2,355			-
TOTAL ASSETS	$	174,447		$	145,929
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	62,806		$	37,140
Total current liabilities		62,806			37,140
Deferred tax liabilities		-			208
Total liabilities		62,806			37,348
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock, par value $.001 per share: 20,000 shares authorized;
12,145 and 12,103 issued and 11,956 and 11,971 outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively		12			12
Additional paid-in capital		8,040			4,967
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(266	)		(160	)
Retained earnings		124,601			103,762
Less: Treasury stock at cost, 128 shares at September 30, 2018		(20,746	)		-
Total stockholders' equity		111,641			108,581
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	174,447		$	145,929

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

MEDIFAST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Operating Activities
Net income	$	40,136		$	20,415
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		3,519			3,204
Share-based compensation		2,352			3,418
Loss on sale of disposal of property, plant and equipment		50			93
Realized loss on investment securities, net		70			73
Amortization of premium on investment securities		434			547
Deferred income taxes		(2,028	)		(991	)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		116			683
Inventory		(23,615	)		2,287
Income taxes, prepaid		2,272			807
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		453			1,098
Other assets		64			(137	)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		21,655			1,757
Net cash flow provided by operating activities		45,478			33,254
Investing Activities
Sale of investment securities		2,245			3,039
Purchase of investment securities		-			(4,093	)
Sale of property and equipment		184			59
Purchase of property and equipment		(3,246	)		(2,379	)
Net cash flow used in investing activities		(817	)		(3,374	)
Financing Activities
Options exercised by executives and directors		220			568
Net shares repurchased for employee taxes		(249	)		(833	)
Cash dividends paid to stockholders		(17,404	)		(11,511	)
Stock repurchases		(19,996	)		-
Net cash flow used in financing activities		(37,429	)		(11,776	)
Foreign currency impact		(2	)		13
Increase in cash and cash equivalents		7,230			18,117
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of the period		75,077			52,436
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period	$	82,307		$	70,553
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid	$	9,540		$	10,083
Dividends declared included in accounts payable	$	5,981		$	4,114

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

MEDIFAST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

	Nine months ended September 30, 2018
	Number of Shares Issued			Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Total
Balance, January 1, 2018, as reported		12,103		$	12	$	4,967		$	(160	)	$	103,762		$	-		$	108,581
Cumulative effect of adjustments from changes in accounting standards (Notes 1 and 2)		-			-		-			-			(2,018	)		-			(2,018	)
Balance January 1, 2018, as adjusted		12,103			12		4,967			(160	)		101,744			-			106,563
Net income		-			-		-			-			40,136			-			40,136
Share-based compensation		16			-		2,352			-			-			-			2,352
Options exercised by executives and directors		20			-		220			-			-			-			220
Net shares repurchased for employee taxes		(3	)		-		(249	)		-			-			-			(249	)
Treasury stock from cashless options		9			-		750			-			-			(750	)		-
Treasury stock from stock repurchases		-			-		-			-			-			(19,996	)		(19,996	)
Other comprehensive loss		-			-		-			(106	)		-			-			(106	)
Cash dividends declared to stockholders		-			-		-			-			(17,279	)		-			(17,279	)
Balance, September 30, 2018		12,145		$	12	$	8,040		$	(266	)	$	124,601		$	(20,746	)	$	111,641

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

MEDIFAST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Medifast, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) included herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”), for interim reporting and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, certain information and footnotes that are normally required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of normal, recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations have been included and management believes the disclosures that are made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date.

The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the 2017 audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Form 10-K”).

Presentation of Financial Statements - The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein include the accounts of the Medifast, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2018 –

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The new revenue recognition standard requires the Company to recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services to customers for the amount the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Company is required to identify the contract, identify the relevant performance obligations, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize the revenue when the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Companies have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt the guidance. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new revenue standard on a modified retrospective basis and recorded an after-tax transition adjustment to reduce retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 by $2.0 million. This is comprised of $5.6 million of revenue offset by $3.6 million of inventory costs, deferred shipping expense, credit card fees and income taxes. The results of ASC 606 primarily impact the Company’s timing of revenue recognition for product shipments, as product revenue is recognized upon customer receipt instead of at the time of shipment. The new standard requires more extensive revenue-related disclosures.

8

As required by ASC 606, the impact of the adoption of the new revenue standard on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30, 2018							Nine months ended September 30, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change			As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
Revenue	$	139,239	$	139,582	$	(343	)	$	355,159	$	356,442	$	(1,283	)
Cost of sales		32,038		32,071		33			84,351		84,544		193
Gross profit		107,201		107,511		(310	)		270,808		271,898		(1,090	)
Selling, general, and administrative		89,734		89,831		97			221,548		221,908		360
Income from operations		17,467		17,680		(213	)		49,260		49,990		(730	)
Other income (expense)
Interest income, net		361		361		-			940		940		-
Other income (expense)		-		-		-			178		178		-
		361		361		-			1,118		1,118		-
Income from operations before income taxes		17,828		18,041		(213	)		50,378		51,108		(730	)
Provision for income taxes		4,047		4,092		45			10,242		10,396		154
Net income	$	13,781	$	13,949	$	(168	)	$	40,136	$	40,712	$	(576	)
Earnings per share - basic	$	1.15	$	1.17	$	(0.02	)	$	3.34	$	3.39	$	(0.05	)
Earnings per share - diluted	$	1.14	$	1.15	$	(0.01	)	$	3.31	$	3.36	$	(0.05	)
Weighted average shares outstanding -
Basic		11,954		11,954					12,006		12,006
Diluted		12,097		12,097					12,112		12,112

	September 30, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
ASSETS
Accounts receivable, net	$	1,017	$	118	$	899
Inventory		43,845		42,793		1,052
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,851		3,711		140
Deferred tax assets		2,355		1,656		699
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		62,806		57,422		5,384
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Retained earnings		124,601		127,195		(2,594	)

9

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our January 1, 2018 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet from the modified retrospective adoption of ASC 606 was as follows (in thousands):

	Balance at December 31, 2017		Adjustments due to ASC 606			Balance at January 1, 2018
ASSETS
Accounts receivable, net	$	576	$	557		$	1,133
Inventory		19,328		902			20,230
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		4,188		116			4,304
Deferred tax assets		-		336			336
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		37,140		4,137			41,277
Deferred tax liabilities		208		(208	)		-
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Retained earnings		103,762		(2,018	)		101,744

Recent Accounting Pronouncements –

We have considered all new accounting pronouncements and have concluded that there are no new pronouncements that may have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows, based on current information, except for:

ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) requires the rights and obligations of all leased assets with a term greater than 12 months to be presented on the balance sheet. The new guidance also changes the definition of a lease and requires expanded quantitative and qualitative disclosures for both lessees and lessors. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We plan to adopt ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019. The Company currently expects that upon adoption of ASU 2016-02 right-to-use assets and lease liabilities will be recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet in amounts that will be material. Management is currently evaluating the effect that the provisions of ASU 2016-02 will have on the Company’s financial statements.

ASU 2018-02, Income Statement Reporting - Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) allows the reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the TCJA, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The amendments in this pronouncement are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We plan to adopt ASU 2018-02 on January 1, 2019. Management is currently evaluating the effect that the provisions of ASU 2018-02 will have on the Company’s financial statements.

2. REVENUE

Revenue recognition

Our revenue is derived primarily from point of sale transactions executed over an e-commerce platform for weight loss, weight management, and other consumable health and nutritional products. Revenue is recognized upon receipt by customer and net of discounts, rebates, promotional adjustments, price adjustments, allocated consideration to loyalty programs and estimated returns.

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products are transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring those products. When determining whether the customer has obtained control of the products, we consider any future performance obligations.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in ASC 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Our contracts have performance obligations to fulfill and deliver products from the point of sale transaction along with the related customer reward programs.

Our performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time. Revenue from products transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for substantially all of our revenue for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Revenue on these contracts is recognized when obligations under the terms of the contract with our customers are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control upon receipt of products by our customers. Any consideration received prior to the fulfillment of the Company performance obligation is deferred and recognized as a liability.

10

Sales returns

Our return policy allows for customer returns within 30 days of purchase and upon our authorization. We adjust revenues based on our estimated expected returns and a liability is recognized for expected refunds to customers. We estimate expected returns based on historical levels and project this experience into the future.

Customer reward programs and sales incentives

Our sales contracts may give customers the option to purchase additional products priced at a discount. Options to purchase additional products at a discount come in a variety of forms, such as customer reward programs and incentive offerings including pricing arrangements and promotions.

We reduce the transaction price for certain customer reward programs and incentive offerings including pricing arrangements, promotions, incentives that represent variable consideration and separate performance obligations. The Company accounts for sales rewards as a separate performance obligation of the transactions, and therefore allocates consideration between the initial sale of products and the customer reward program and incentive offering.

Shipping and handling costs

Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling activities are treated as a promised service performance obligation and recorded in revenue in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income upon fulfillment of the performance obligation. Shipping and handling costs incurred by the Company for the delivery of products to customers are considered a cost to fulfill the contract and are included in cost of sales in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Contract costs

We expense sales commissions and credit card fees during the period in which the corresponding revenue is earned. These costs are deferred along with the revenues for goods that are in transit and not received by customers by period end. These costs are recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Disaggregated revenue and entity-wide revenue disclosures

The nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows from our revenues amongst contracts, product offerings and customers do not differentiate and are recognized consistently based on the policies discussed above. In addition, effective January 1, 2018, we changed how we internally and externally report our revenues to simplify and better align with changes in how we manage our business, review operating performance and allocate resources as a result of the shift in our primary focus to the OPTAVIA business and the significance this business represents to the overall results of the Company. We considered the following factors in making this decision: the nature of business activities overlapping amongst previous defined sales channels, the management structure directly accountable to our chief operating decision maker for operating and administrative activities, and information presented to the Board of Directors and investors. We previously disclosed entity-wide disclosures for sales by channel: OPTAVIA, Medifast Direct, Franchise Medifast Weight Control Centers and Medifast Wholesale. Due to the interchangeable nature of these customers amongst sale channels, sales migration to OPTAVIA, and realignment of internal operations as discussed, our disclosures as of January 1, 2018 will not include revenues by sales channel.

3. INVENTORIES

Inventories consist principally of packaged meal replacements held in the Company’s warehouses. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, utilizing the first-in, first-out method. The cost of finished goods includes the cost of raw materials, packaging supplies, direct and indirect labor and other indirect manufacturing costs. On a quarterly basis, management reviews inventory for unsalable or obsolete inventory.

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Raw materials	$	13,273		$	4,348
Packaging		1,762			1,185
Non-food finished goods		2,028			920
Finished goods		27,480			13,407
Reserve for obsolete inventory		(698	)		(532	)
Total	$	43,845		$	19,328

11

4. EARNING PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) computations are calculated utilizing the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted EPS is calculated utilizing the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding adjusted for the effect of dilutive common stock equivalents.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Numerator:
Net income	$	13,781	$	6,686	$	40,136	$	20,415
Denominator:
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding		11,954		11,930		12,006		11,920
Effect of dilutive common stock equivalents		143		165		106		143
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding		12,097		12,095		12,112		12,063
Earnings per share - basic	$	1.15	$	0.56	$	3.34	$	1.71
Earnings per share - diluted	$	1.14	$	0.55	$	3.31	$	1.69

The calculation of diluted EPS excluded 0 and 3,813 antidilutive options outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 214 and 6,780 antidilutive options outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The calculation for diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended, September 30, 2018 also excluded 43 and 297 antidilutive restricted stock awards, respectively. EPS is computed independently for each of the quarters presented; accordingly, the sum of the quarterly earnings per common share may not equal the year-to-date total computed.

5. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock Options:

The Company has issued non-qualified and incentive stock options to employees and nonemployee directors. The fair value of these options are estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires estimates of the expected term of the option, the risk-free interest rate, the expected volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock, and dividend yield. Options outstanding as of September 30, 2018 generally vest over a period of three years and expire ten years from the date of grant. The exercise price of these options ranges from $26.52 to $157.30. Due to the Company’s lack of option exercise history, the expected term is calculated using the simplified method defined as the midpoint between the vesting period and the contractual term of each option. The risk free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect on the date of grant that most closely corresponds to the expected term of the option. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over the period of time equivalent to the expected term for each award. The weighted average input assumptions used were as follows:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Expected term (in years)		6.4			6.0
Risk-free interest rate		2.64	%		2.05	%
Expected volatility		33.30	%		38.33	%
Dividend yield		2.87	%		2.40	%

12

The following table is a summary of our stock option activity:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018					2017
	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price
(shares in thousands)
Outstanding at beginning of period		106		$	31.18		129		$	28.22
Granted		51			67.50		38			44.73
Exercised		(23	)		28.87		(21	)		27.38
Forfeited		(8	)		31.09		(17	)		37.09
Expired		-			-		(1	)		28.59
Outstanding at end of the period		126		$	46.51		128		$	32.00
Exercisable at end of the period		54		$	30.21		62		$	28.14

As of September 30, 2018, the weighted-average remaining contractual life was 8.07 years with an aggregate intrinsic value of $22.1 million for outstanding stock options and the weighted-average remaining contractual life was 6.91 years with an aggregate intrinsic value of $10.4 million for exercisable options. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $18.08 and $13.73, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense calculated under the fair value method for shares expected to vest as of September 30, 2018 was $0.9 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.46 years. The Company received $220 thousand and $568 thousand in cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Upon exercising of options, the Company withheld shares for employee taxes of 3 thousand and 19 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The total intrinsic value for stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1.4 million and $325 thousand, respectively.

Restricted Stock:

The Company has issued restricted stock to employees and nonemployee directors generally with vesting terms up to five years after the date of grant. The fair value of the restricted stock is equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Expense for restricted stock is amortized ratably over the vesting period. The following table summarizes our restricted stock activity:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018					2017
	Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
(shares in thousands)
Outstanding at beginning of period		129		$	32.15		215		$	27.69
Granted		18			79.80		44			44.73
Vested		(86	)		31.61		(58	)		26.09
Forfeited		-			-		(8	)		36.37
Outstanding at end of the period		61		$	46.90		193		$	31.65

The total fair value of restricted stock awards vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $7.5 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

The total share-based compensation charged against income was $717 thousand and $1.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $2.4 million and $3.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The total costs of the options and restricted stock awards charged against income was $488 thousand and $912 thousand during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1.7 million and $2.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Also included for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $77 thousand and $229 thousand, respectively, for 63,300 performance-based deferred shares and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $139 thousand and $357 thousand, respectively, for 113,395 performance-based deferred shares in expense for certain key executives. Included for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $152 thousand and $455 thousand, respectively, in expense for 210,000 performance-based deferred shares granted to our CEO that will vest based on the achievement of certain Company performance targets.

The total income tax benefit recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income for restricted stock awards was $167 thousand and $451 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1.6 million and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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There was $2.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards as of September 30, 2018, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.88 years. There was $1.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the 273,300 performance based deferred shares discussed above as of September 30, 2018, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.25 years.

6. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The following table sets forth the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax where applicable (in thousands):

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Foreign currency translation	$	(2	)	$	-
Unrealized losses on marketable securities		(264	)		(160	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(266	)	$	(160	)

7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Certain financial assets and liabilities are accounted for at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

Level 2 – Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies.

Level 3 – Pricing inputs include significant inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value from the perspective of a market participant.

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The following tables represent cash and the available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category recorded as cash and cash equivalents or investment securities (in thousands):

	September 30, 2018
	Cost		Unrealized Losses			Accrued Interest		Estimated Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents		Investment Securities
Cash	$	22,841	$	-		$	-	$	22,841	$	22,841	$	-
Level 1:
Certificate of deposit		55,000		-			-		55,000		55,000		-
Money market accounts		4,466		-			-		4,466		4,466		-
Government & agency securities		4,135		(116	)		24		4,043		-		4,043
		63,601		(116	)		24		63,509		59,466		4,043
Level 2:
Municipal bonds		16,932		(248	)		185		16,869		-		16,869
Total	$	103,374	$	(364	)	$	209	$	103,219	$	82,307	$	20,912

	December 31, 2017
	Cost		Unrealized Losses			Accrued Interest		Estimated Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents		Investment Securities
Cash	$	28,630	$	-		$	-	$	28,630	$	28,630	$	-
Level 1:
Certificate of deposit		45,000		-			-		45,000		45,000		-
Money market accounts		1,447		-			-		1,447		1,447		-
Government & agency securities		5,342		(67	)		13		5,288		-		5,288
		51,789		(67	)		13		51,735		46,447		5,288
Level 2:
Municipal bonds		18,404		(201	)		266		18,469		-		18,469
Total	$	98,823	$	(268	)	$	279	$	98,834	$	75,077	$	23,757

The Company had a realized loss of $91 and $16 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and a realized loss of $70 and $73 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, gross unrealized losses related to individual securities that had been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or longer were not significant. The maturities of the Company’s investment securities generally range up to 5 years for municipal bonds and for government and agency securities.

8. INCOME TAXES

The Company reflected the effects of the TCJA in its 2017 financial statements, including the effects of the change in the U.S. Corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% on deferred tax assets and liabilities.  The Company’s tax expense for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 was $4.0 million and $10.2 million, respectively. This includes the reduction in the U.S. federal tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective for the Company’s 2018 tax year.

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The Company recognized the income tax effects of the TCJA in the financial statements included in its 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which provides SEC staff guidance for the application of ASC 740, Income Taxes, in the reporting period in which the TCJA was signed into law. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company finalized its accounting for the income tax effects of the TCJA. There were no material adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded in the Company’s financial statements included in its 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains information that may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Generally, the words “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “project,” “will,” and similar expressions, which are not historical in nature, identify forward-looking statements. However, the absence of these words or expressions does not necessarily mean that a statement is not forward-looking. All statements that address operating performance, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, including statements relating to future operating results, are forward-looking statements. Management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made. However, caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements because such statements speak only as of the date when made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In addition, forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 Annual Report”), and those described from time to time in our future reports filed with the SEC.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere herein.

Overview

Medifast, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” or “Medifast”) is a leading manufacturer and distributor of clinically proven healthy living products and programs. We produce, distribute and sell a variety of weight loss, weight management, and other consumable health and nutritional products. The Company’s product lines include weight loss, weight management, and healthy living meal replacements, snacks, hydration products, and vitamins. Our product sales accounted for 98% and 97% of our revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows from our revenues amongst contracts, product offerings and customers do not differentiate and are recognized consistently based on our policies. In addition, effective January 1, 2018, we changed how we internally and externally report our revenues to simplify and better align with changes in how we manage our business, review operating performance and allocate resources as a result of the shift in our primary focus to the OPTAVIA business and the significance this business represents to the overall results of the Company. We considered the following factors in making this decision: the nature of business activities overlapping amongst previous defined sales channels, the management structure directly accountable to our chief operating decision maker for operating and administrative activities, and information presented to the Board of Directors and investors. We previously disclosed entity-wide disclosures for sales by channel: OPTAVIA, Medifast Direct, Franchise Medifast Weight Control Centers and Medifast Wholesale. Due to the interchangeable nature of these customers amongst sale channels, sales migration to OPTAVIA, and realignment of internal operations as discussed, our disclosure as of January 1, 2018 will not include revenues by sales channel.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 and Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.

The preparation of our financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Management develops, and changes periodically, these estimates and assumptions based on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

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Overview of Results of Operations

The following tables reflect our income statements (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			$ Change			% Change
Revenue	$	139,239		$	77,205		$	62,034			80.3	%
Cost of sales		32,038			19,022			(13,016	)		-68.4	%
Gross profit		107,201			58,183			49,018			84.2	%
Selling, general, and administrative		89,734			47,956			(41,778	)		-87.1	%
Income from operations		17,467			10,227			7,240			70.8	%
Other income (expense)
Interest income, net		361			148			213			143.9	%
Other income (expense)		-			(4	)		4			-100.0	%
		361			144			217			150.7	%
Income from operations before income taxes		17,828			10,371			7,457			71.9	%
Provision for income tax		4,047			3,685			(362	)		-9.8	%
Net income	$	13,781		$	6,686		$	7,095			106.1	%
% of revenue
Gross profit		77.0	%		75.4	%
Selling, general, and administrative costs		64.4	%		62.1	%
Income from operations		12.5	%		13.2	%

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	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			$ Change			% Change
Revenue	$	355,159		$	223,556		$	131,603			58.9	%
Cost of sales		84,351			54,870			(29,481	)		-53.7	%
Gross Profit		270,808			168,686			102,122			60.5	%
Selling, general, and administrative		221,548			138,540			(83,008	)		-59.9	%
Income from operations		49,260			30,146			19,114			63.4	%
Other income (expense)
Interest income, net		940			352			588			167.0	%
Other income (expense)		178			32			146			456.3	%
		1,118			384			734			191.1	%
Income from operations before income taxes		50,378			30,530			19,848			65.0	%
Provision for income tax expense		10,242			10,115			(127	)		-1.3	%
Net income	$	40,136		$	20,415		$	19,721			96.6	%
% of revenue
Gross Profit		76.2	%		75.5	%
Selling, general, and administrative costs		62.4	%		62.0	%
Income from Operations		13.9	%		13.5	%

Revenue: Revenue increased $62.0 million, or 80.3%, to $139.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 from $77.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. This is the sixth consecutive quarter of year-over-year growth and the seventh consecutive quarter of sequential revenue improvement. The number of active earning OPTAVIA Coaches for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased to 22,600 from 14,200 for the corresponding period in 2017, an increase of 59.2%. The quarterly revenue per OPTAVIA Coach increased 23.2% to $5,781 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 from $4,693 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. This growth in revenue resulted in part from business initiatives accelerating new OPTAVIA Coach conversions, increased OPTAVIA client acquisition rates and the transition of clients to higher priced OPTAVIA branded products. Total advertising spend, inclusive of broker fees, was $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $1.7 million for the corresponding period in 2017. Revenue increased $131.6 million, or 58.9%, to $355.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $223.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Total advertising spend, inclusive of broker fees, was $4.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $6.1 million for the corresponding period in 2017.

Costs of sales: Cost of sales increased $13.0 million, or 68.4%, to $32.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 from the corresponding period in 2017 and increased $29.5 million, or 53.7%, to $84.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from the corresponding period in 2017. The increase in cost of sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily driven by increased product sales.

Gross profit: For the three months ended September 30, 2018, gross profit increased $49.0 million, or 84.2%, to $107.2 million from the corresponding period in 2017. As a percentage of sales, gross margin increased 160 basis points to 77.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 from 75.4% for the corresponding period in 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, gross profit increased $102.1 million, or 60.5%, to $270.8 million from the corresponding period in 2017. As a percentage of sales, gross margin increased 70 basis points to 76.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from 75.5% for the corresponding period in 2017. The increase in gross margin percentage for the quarter and year-to-date periods was driven by higher production volumes yielding favorable manufacturing absorption as the Company increased inventory to meet expected consumer demand. The Company anticipates this absorption benefit to be temporary as inventory levels normalize. In addition, the increase in the gross margin percentage resulted from reduced inventory obsolescence and lower shipping expense.

Selling, general and administrative: Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses were $89.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of $41.7 million, or 87.1%, as compared to $48.0 million from the corresponding period in 2017. As a percentage of sales, SG&A expenses were 64.4% as compared to 62.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This increase was primarily the result of higher OPTAVIA commissions paid as a result of increased product sales. As OPTAVIA revenue increased as a portion of the Company’s total sales mix, the commission rate as a percentage of revenue increased 470 basis points to 40.5% for the third quarter of 2018 compared to 35.8% for the third quarter last year. This is an outcome of the success we are experiencing with our OPTAVIA integrated Coach Model. SG&A expenses included research and development costs of $621 thousand and $343 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, SG&A expenses increased $83.0 million, or 59.9%, to $221.5 million from $138.5 million for the corresponding period in 2017. As a percentage of sales, SG&A expenses was 62.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to 62.0% for the corresponding period in 2017. SG&A expenses included $1.6 million and $1.1 million in research and development costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

OPTAVIA commission expense, which is variable based upon product sales, increased $28.8 million, or more than 100.0%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 from the corresponding period in 2017 and increased $62.0 million, or 79.2%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from the corresponding period in 2017.

Coach event and incentive program costs increased $6.0 million and $6.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, from the corresponding periods in 2017 due to higher annual convention costs as more coaches attended this event and increased incentive program costs related to coaches who qualified during 2018 for our 2019 International Leadership Advancement Trip, an event designed to recognize and provide training to rising leaders and those who mentor them.

General and administrative expenses increased $4.8 million and $11.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, from the corresponding periods in 2017 primarily as a result of startup costs associated with the move of our distribution center from Texas to Nevada, as well as consulting costs related to information technology projects, and increased credit card fees resulting from higher sales.

Salaries and benefits increased $2.3 million and $4.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, from the corresponding periods in 2017 primarily as a result of higher contract labor costs related to the winding down of our internal call center and increased compensation costs.

Income from operations: For the three months ended September 30, 2018, income from operations increased $7.3 million to $17.5 million from $10.2 million for the corresponding period in 2017 primarily as a result of increased gross profits partially offset by increased SG&A expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, income from operations increased $19.2 million to $49.3 million from $30.1 million for the corresponding period in 2017 primarily as a result of increased gross profits partially offset by increased SG&A expenses.

Interest income, net: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, interest income was $361 thousand and $940 thousand, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, interest income was $148 thousand and $352 thousand, respectively.

Other income (expense): For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, other income (expense) was $0 and an expense of $4 thousand, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, other income (expense) was income of $178 thousand and $32 thousand, respectively.

Income from operations before income taxes: Income from operations before income taxes was $17.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $10.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $7.4 million. Pre-tax profit as a percentage of sales decreased to 12.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 from 13.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Income from operations before income taxes was $50.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $30.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $19.9 million. Pre-tax profit as a percentage of sales increased to 14.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from 13.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Provision for income tax: For the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $4.0 million in income tax expense, an effective rate of 22.7%, as compared to $3.7 million in income tax expense, an effective rate of 35.5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three month ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017 was driven by a decrease in the Federal statutory rate of 14.0% pursuant to the TCJA, a decrease in the state rate of 1.7% and a rate reduction of 0.4% attributable to the discrete accounting for taxes associated with share-based compensation. The total decrease in the effective tax rate was offset by a 2.1% increase to our effective tax rate resulting from to the elimination of the Domestic Manufacturer Deduction and a 1.2% increase to our effective tax rate resulting from changes to the limitations imposed by Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code pursuant to TCJA. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $10.2 million in income tax expense, an effective rate of 20.3%, as compared to $10.1 million in income tax expense, an effective rate of 33.1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the nine month ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was driven by a decrease in the Federal statutory rate of 14.0% pursuant to the TCJA, a rate reduction of 1.1% attributable to the discrete accounting for taxes associated with share-based compensation and a decrease in the state rate of 0.4%. The total decrease in the effective tax rate was offset by a 2.2% increase to our effective tax rate resulting from the elimination of the Domestic Manufacturer Deduction and a 0.5% increase to our effective tax rate primarily resulting from changes to the limitations imposed by Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code pursuant to the TCJA. The Company anticipates a full year tax rate of 21% to 23% in 2018.

Net income: Net income was $13.8 million and $40.1 million, or $1.14 and $3.31 per diluted share, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $6.7 million and $20.4 million, or $0.55 and $1.69 per diluted share, for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The period-over-period changes were driven by the factors described above.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company had stockholders’ equity of $111.6 million and working capital of $89.1 million at September 30, 2018 as compared with $108.6 million and $88.1 million at December 31, 2017, respectively. The $3.0 million net increase in stockholder’s equity reflects $40.1 million in net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 offset by $20.0 million spent on repurchases of common stock, and $17.3 million for declared dividends paid to our common stock holders as well as the other equity transactions described in the “Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity” included in our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report. The Company declared a dividend of $6.0 million, or $0.48 per share, to common stockholders as of September 21, 2018 that will be paid in the fourth quarter of 2018. While we intend to continue the dividend program and believe we will have sufficient liquidity to do so, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to continue to declare and pay dividends. The Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities increased from $98.8 million at December 31, 2017 to $103.2 million at September 30, 2018.

Net cash provided by operating activities increased $12.2 million to $45.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $33.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily as a result of increased net income partially offset by an increase in working capital.

Net cash used in investing activities was $817 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This change resulted primarily from cash provided by net investment securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to cash used in net investment securities for the corresponding period in 2017. This was partially offset by an increase in cash used in capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from the corresponding period in 2017.

Net cash used in financing activities increased $25.6 million to $37.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $11.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This increase was primarily due to stock repurchases and an increase in cash dividends paid to stockholders.

In pursuing its business strategy, the Company may require additional cash for operating and investing activities. The Company expects future cash requirements, if any, to be funded from operating cash flow and financing activities.

The Company evaluates acquisitions from time to time as presented.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates and a decline in the stock market. The Company does not enter into derivatives, foreign exchange transactions or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company is exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates and market pricing impacting our investment portfolio. Its current investment policy is to maintain an investment portfolio consisting of municipal bonds, U.S. money market securities, and high-grade corporate securities, directly or through managed funds. Its cash is deposited in and invested through highly rated financial institutions in North America. Its marketable securities are subject to interest rate risk and market pricing risk and will fall in value if market interest rates increase or if market pricing decreases. If market interest rates were to increase and market pricing were to decrease immediately and uniformly by 10% from levels at September 30, 2018, the Company estimates that the fair value of its investment portfolio would decline by an immaterial amount and therefore it would not expect its operating results or cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by the effect of a change in market conditions on our investments.

There have been no material changes to our market risk exposure since December 31, 2017.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of September 30, 2018. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported accurately and on a timely basis. Based on this evaluation performed in accordance with the criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, our management concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting:

There have been no material changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Act) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We implemented additional internal controls to ensure we properly assessed and accounted for the impact of the new accounting standard related to revenue recognition on our financial statements which became effective on January 1, 2018. There were no significant changes to our internal control over financial reporting related to the adoption of the new standard.

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Part II Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company is, from time to time, subject to a variety of litigation and similar proceedings incidental to its business.  Based upon the Company’s experience, current information and applicable law, it does not believe that these proceedings and claims will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A of the 2017 Annual Report.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

2018	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan or Program		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1 - July 31		-	$	-		-		728,881
August 1 - August 31		200		169.47		-		728,881
September 1 - September 30		-		-		-		728,881

The Company, in accordance with, and as part of, the repurchase program adopted in September 2014 (the “Stock Repurchase Program”) implemented a Rule 10b5-1 repurchase plan to facilitate repurchases of the Company’s common stock under the Stock Repurchase Program. As of September 30, 2018, there were 728,881 shares of the Company’s common stock eligible for repurchase under the Stock Repurchase Program. There is no guarantee as to the exact number of shares of the Company’s common stock, if any, that will be purchased under the Stock Repurchase Plan.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibit
3.1	Restated and Amended Certificate of Incorporation of Medifast, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-31573) filed February 27, 2015).
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Medifast, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-31573) filed on April 6, 2015).
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101	The following financial statements from Medifast, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 filed November 7, 2018, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, and (vi) Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (filed herewith).

In accordance with SEC Release No. 33-8238, Exhibit 32.1 is being furnished and not filed.

22

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Medifast, Inc.

By:	/s/ DANIEL R. CHARD
	Daniel R. Chard
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
Dated:	November 7, 2018
	/s/ TIMOTHY G. ROBINSON
	Timothy G. Robinson
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
Dated:	November 7, 2018

23

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

RULE 13a-14(a) CERTIFICATION

I, Daniel R. Chard, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Medifast, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 7, 2018	/s/    Daniel R. Chard
		Daniel R. Chard Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

RULE 13a-14(a) CERTIFICATION

I, Timothy G. Robinson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Medifast, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 7, 2018	/s/    Timothy G. Robinson
		Timothy G. Robinson
		Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

MEDIFAST, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Report”) for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 of Medifast, Inc. (the “Company”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Daniel R. Chard, Chief Executive Officer and I, Timothy G. Robinson, Chief Financial Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of the operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ DANIEL R. CHARD
	Daniel R. Chard
	Chief Executive Officer
	November 7, 2018
	/s/ TIMOTHY G. ROBINSON
	Timothy G. Robinson
	Chief Financial Officer
	November 7, 2018

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Oct. 31, 2018
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Registrant Name	MEDIFAST INC
Entity Central Index Key	0000910329
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		11,964,966

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 139,239	$ 77,205	$ 355,159	$ 223,556
Cost of sales	32,038	19,022	84,351	54,870
Gross profit	107,201	58,183	270,808	168,686
Selling, general, and administrative	89,734	47,956	221,548	138,540
Income from operations	17,467	10,227	49,260	30,146
Other income (expense)
Interest income, net	361	148	940	352
Other income (expense)		(4)	178	32
Nonoperating income (expense)	361	144	1,118	384
Income from operations before income taxes	17,828	10,371	50,378	30,530
Provision for income taxes	4,047	3,685	10,242	10,115
Net income	$ 13,781	$ 6,686	$ 40,136	$ 20,415
Basic earnings per share
Earnings per share, basic	$ 1.15	$ 0.56	$ 3.34	$ 1.71
Diluted earnings per share
Earnings per share, diluted	$ 1.14	$ 0.55	$ 3.31	$ 1.69
Weighted average shares outstanding -
Basic	11,954	11,930	12,006	11,920
Diluted	12,097	12,095	12,112	12,063
Cash dividends declared per share	$ 0.48	$ 0.32	$ 1.44	$ 0.96

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Statement Of Other Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 13,781	$ 6,686	$ 40,136	$ 20,415
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation	(2)	7	(2)	13
Change in fair value of marketable securities	(45)	26	(104)	189
Adjustment for net losses realized and included in net income				10
Total change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities	(45)	26	(104)	199
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(47)	33	(106)	212
Comprehensive income	$ 13,734	$ 6,719	$ 40,030	$ 20,627

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 82,307	$ 75,077
Accounts receivable-net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $405 at September 30, 2018 and allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts of $597 at December 31, 2017	1,017	576
Inventory	43,845	19,328
Investment securities	20,912	23,757
Income taxes, prepaid		2,272
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,851	4,188
Total current assets	151,932	125,198
Property, plant and equipment - net	18,760	18,611
Other assets	1,400	2,120
Deferred tax assets	2,355
TOTAL ASSETS	174,447	145,929
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	62,806	37,140
Total current liabilities	62,806	37,140
Other liabilities:
Deferred tax liabilities		208
Total liabilities	62,806	37,348
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock; par value $.001 per share; 20,000 shares authorized; 12,145 and 12,103 issued and 11,956 and 11,971 outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	12	12
Additional paid-in capital	8,040	4,967
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(266)	(160)
Retained earnings	124,601	103,762
Less: Treasury stock at cost, 128 shares at September 30, 2018	(20,746)
Total stockholders' equity	111,641	108,581
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 174,447	$ 145,929

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 405
Accounts receivable, allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts		$ 597
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, issued	12,145,000	12,103,000
Common stock, outstanding	11,956,000	11,971,000
Treasury stock, common, shares	128,000

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Operating Activities:
Net income	$ 40,136	$ 20,415
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	3,519	3,204
Share-based compensation	2,352	3,418
Loss on sale of disposal of property, plant and equipment	50	93
Realized (gain) loss on investment securities, net	70	73
Amortization of premium on investment securities	434	547
Deferred income taxes	(2,028)	(991)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	116	683
Inventory	(23,615)	2,287
Income taxes, prepaid	2,272	807
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	453	1,098
Other assets	64	(137)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	21,655	1,757
Net cash flow provided by operating activities	45,478	33,254
Investing Activities:
Sale of investment securities	2,245	3,039
Purchase of investment securities		(4,093)
Sale of property and equipment	184	59
Purchase of property and equipment	(3,246)	(2,379)
Net cash flow used in investing activities	(817)	(3,374)
Financing Activities:
Options exercised by executives and directors	220	568
Net shares repurchased for employee taxes	(249)	(833)
Cash dividends paid to stockholders	(17,404)	(11,511)
Stock repurchases	(19,996)
Net cash used in financing activities	(37,429)	(11,776)
Foreign currency impact	(2)	13
Increase in cash and cash equivalents	7,230	18,117
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of the period	75,077	52,436
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period	82,307	70,553
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid	9,540	10,083
Dividends declared included in accounts payable	$ 5,981	$ 4,114

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - 9 months ended Sep. 30, 2018 - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid- In Capital [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Total
Balance (Scenario, Previously Reported [Member]) at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 12	$ 4,967	$ (160)	$ 101,744		$ 106,563
Balance (Restatement Adjustment [Member])				(2,018)		(2,018)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 12	4,967	(160)	103,762		108,581
Balance (in shares) (Scenario, Previously Reported [Member]) at Dec. 31, 2017	12,103
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017	12,103
Net income				40,136		40,136
Share-based compensation		2,352				2,352
Share-based compensation (in shares)	16
Options exercised by executives and directors		220				220
Options exercised by executives and directors (in shares)	20
Net shares repurchased for employee taxes		(249)				(249)
Net shares repurchased for eimployee taxes, (in shares)	(3)
Treasury stock from cashless options	$ 9	750			$ (750)
Treasury stock from stock repurchases					(19,996)	(19,996)
Other comprehensive income (loss)			(106)			(106)
Cash dividends declared to stockholders				(17,279)		(17,279)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	$ 12	$ 8,040	$ (266)	$ 124,601	$ (20,746)	$ 111,641
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2018	12,145

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Medifast, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) included herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”), for interim reporting and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).  Accordingly, certain information and footnotes that are normally required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted.  However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of normal, recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations have been included and management believes the disclosures that are made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.  The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date.

The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018.  The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the 2017 audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Form 10-K”).

Presentation of Financial Statements - The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein include the accounts of the Medifast, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.  All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2018 –

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The new revenue recognition standard requires the Company to recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services to customers for the amount the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Company is required to identify the contract, identify the relevant performance obligations, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize the revenue when the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Companies have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt the guidance. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new revenue standard on a modified retrospective basis and recorded an after-tax transition adjustment to reduce retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 by $2.0 million. This is comprised of $5.6 million of revenue offset by $3.6 million of inventory costs, deferred shipping expense, credit card fees and income taxes. The results of ASC 606 primarily impact the Company’s timing of revenue recognition for product shipments, as product revenue is recognized upon customer receipt instead of at the time of shipment. The new standard requires more extensive revenue-related disclosures.

As required by ASC 606, the impact of the adoption of the new revenue standard on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30, 2018						Nine months ended September 30, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change		As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
Revenue	$	139,239	$	139,582	$	(343)	$	355,159	$	356,442	$	(1,283)
Cost of sales		32,038		32,071		33		84,351		84,544		193
Gross profit		107,201		107,511		(310)		270,808		271,898		(1,090)
Selling, general, and administrative		89,734		89,831		97		221,548		221,908		360
Income from operations		17,467		17,680		(213)		49,260		49,990		(730)
Other income (expense)
Interest income, net		361		361		-		940		940		-
Other income (expense)		-		-		-		178		178		-
		361		361		-		1,118		1,118		-
Income from operations before income taxes		17,828		18,041		(213)		50,378		51,108		(730)
Provision for income taxes		4,047		4,092		45		10,242		10,396		154
Net income	$	13,781	$	13,949	$	(168)	$	40,136	$	40,712	$	(576)
Earnings per share - basic	$	1.15	$	1.17	$	(0.02)	$	3.34	$	3.39	$	(0.05)
Earnings per share - diluted	$	1.14	$	1.15	$	(0.01)	$	3.31	$	3.36	$	(0.05)
Weighted average shares outstanding -
Basic		11,954		11,954				12,006		12,006
Diluted		12,097		12,097				12,112		12,112

	September 30, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
ASSETS
Accounts receivable, net	$	1,017	$	118	$	899
Inventory		43,845		42,793		1,052
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,851		3,711		140
Deferred tax assets		2,355		1,656		699
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		62,806		57,422		5,384
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Retained earnings		124,601		127,195		(2,594)

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our January 1, 2018 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet from the modified retrospective adoption of ASC 606 was as follows (in thousands):

	Balance at December 31, 2017		Adjustments due to ASC 606		Balance at January 1, 2018
ASSETS
Accounts receivable, net	$	576	$	557	$	1,133
Inventory		19,328		902		20,230
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		4,188		116		4,304
Deferred tax assets		-		336		336
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		37,140		4,137		41,277
Deferred tax liabilities		208		(208)		-
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Retained earnings		103,762		(2,018)		101,744

Recent Accounting Pronouncements –

We have considered all new accounting pronouncements and have concluded that there are no new pronouncements that may have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows, based on current information, except for:

ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) requires the rights and obligations of all leased assets with a term greater than 12 months to be presented on the balance sheet.  The new guidance also changes the definition of a lease and requires expanded quantitative and qualitative disclosures for both lessees and lessors.  The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  We plan to adopt ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019.  The Company currently expects that upon adoption of ASU 2016-02 right-to-use assets and lease liabilities will be recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet in amounts that will be material.  Management is currently evaluating the effect that the provisions of ASU 2016-02 will have on the Company’s financial statements.

ASU 2018-02, Income Statement Reporting - Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) allows the reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the TCJA, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected.  The amendments in this pronouncement are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We plan to adopt ASU 2018-02 on January 1, 2019.  Management is currently evaluating the effect that the provisions of ASU 2018-02 will have on the Company’s financial statements.

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Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Revenue [Abstract]

Revenue

2.  REVENUE

Revenue recognition

Our revenue is derived primarily from point of sale transactions executed over an e-commerce platform for weight loss, weight management, and other consumable health and nutritional products.  Revenue is recognized upon receipt by customer and net of discounts, rebates, promotional adjustments, price adjustments, allocated consideration to loyalty programs and estimated returns.

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products are transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring those products.  When determining whether the customer has obtained control of the products, we consider any future performance obligations.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in ASC 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Our contracts have performance obligations to fulfill and deliver products from the point of sale transaction along with the related customer reward programs.

Our performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time. Revenue from products transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for substantially all of our revenue for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Revenue on these contracts is recognized when obligations under the terms of the contract with our customers are satisfied.  Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control upon receipt of products by our customers.  Any consideration received prior to the fulfillment of the Company performance obligation is deferred and recognized as a liability.

Sales returns

Our return policy allows for customer returns within 30 days of purchase and upon our authorization. We adjust revenues based on our estimated expected returns and a liability is recognized for expected refunds to customers.  We estimate expected returns based on historical levels and project this experience into the future.

Customer reward programs and sales incentives

Our sales contracts may give customers the option to purchase additional products priced at a discount.  Options to purchase additional products at a discount come in a variety of forms, such as customer reward programs and incentive offerings including pricing arrangements and promotions.

We reduce the transaction price for certain customer reward programs and incentive offerings including pricing arrangements, promotions, incentives that represent variable consideration and separate performance obligations. The Company accounts for sales rewards as a separate performance obligation of the transactions, and therefore allocates consideration between the initial sale of products and the customer reward program and incentive offering.

Shipping and handling costs

Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling activities are treated as a promised service performance obligation and recorded in revenue in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income upon fulfillment of the performance obligation. Shipping and handling costs incurred by the Company for the delivery of products to customers are considered a cost to fulfill the contract and are included in cost of sales in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Contract costs

We expense sales commissions and credit card fees during the period in which the corresponding revenue is earned.  These costs are deferred along with the revenues for goods that are in transit and not received by customers by period end.   These costs are recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Disaggregated revenue and entity-wide revenue disclosures

The nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows from our revenues amongst contracts, product offerings and customers do not differentiate and are recognized consistently based on the policies discussed above. In addition, effective January 1, 2018, we changed how we internally and externally report our revenues to simplify and better align with changes in how we manage our business, review operating performance and allocate resources as a result of the shift in our primary focus to theOPTAVIA business and the significance this business represents to the overall results of the Company.  We considered the following factors in making this decision: the nature of business activities overlapping amongst previous defined sales channels, the management structure directly accountable to our chief operating decision maker for operating and administrative activities, and information presented to the Board of Directors and investors.  We previously disclosed entity-wide disclosures for sales by channel:  OPTAVIA, Medifast Direct, Franchise Medifast Weight Control Centers and Medifast Wholesale.  Due to the interchangeable nature of these customers amongst sale channels, sales migration to OPTAVIA, and realignment of internal operations as discussed, our disclosures as of January 1, 2018 will not include revenues by sales channel.

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Inventories

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Inventories [Abstract]

Inventories

3.  INVENTORIES

Inventories consist principally of packaged meal replacements held in the Company’s warehouses.   Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, utilizing the first-in, first-out method.  The cost of finished goods includes the cost of raw materials, packaging supplies, direct and indirect labor and other indirect manufacturing costs.  On a quarterly basis, management reviews inventory for unsalable or obsolete inventory. 

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Raw materials	$	13,273	$	4,348
Packaging		1,762		1,185
Non-food finished goods		2,028		920
Finished goods		27,480		13,407
Reserve for obsolete inventory		(698)		(532)
Total	$	43,845	$	19,328

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

4.  EARNING PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) computations are calculated utilizing the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding during the periods presented.   Diluted EPS is calculated utilizing the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding adjusted for the effect of dilutive common stock equivalents.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Numerator:
Net income	$	13,781	$	6,686	$	40,136	$	20,415
Denominator:
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding		11,954		11,930		12,006		11,920
Effect of dilutive common stock equivalents		143		165		106		143
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding		12,097		12,095		12,112		12,063
Earnings per share - basic	$	1.15	$	0.56	$	3.34	$	1.71
Earnings per share - diluted	$	1.14	$	0.55	$	3.31	$	1.69

The calculation of diluted EPS excluded 0 and3,813 antidilutive options outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 214 and 6,780 antidilutive options outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  The calculation for diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended, September 30, 2018 also excluded 43 and 297 antidilutive restricted stock awards, respectively.  EPS is computed independently for each of the quarters presented; accordingly, the sum of the quarterly earnings per common share may not equal the year-to-date total computed.

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Shared-based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Share-based Compensation [Abstract]

Shared-based Compensation

5.  SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock Options:

The Company has issued non-qualified and incentive stock options to employees and nonemployee directors. The fair value of these options are estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires estimates of the expected term of the option, the risk-free interest rate, the expected volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock, and dividend yield. Options outstanding as of September 30, 2018 generally vest over a period of three years and expire ten years from the date of grant. The exercise price of these options ranges from $26.52 to $157.30. Due to the Company’s lack of option exercise history, the expected term is calculated using the simplified method defined as the midpoint between the vesting period and the contractual term of each option. The risk free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect on the date of grant that most closely corresponds to the expected term of the option. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over the period of time equivalent to the expected term for each award. The weighted average input assumptions used were as follows:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018	2017
Expected term (in years)	6.4	6.0
Risk-free interest rate	2.64%	2.05%
Expected volatility	33.30%	38.33%
Dividend yield	2.87%	2.40%

The following table is a summary of our stock option activity:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017
	Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price
(shares in thousands)
Outstanding at beginning of period	106	$	31.18	129	$	28.22
Granted	51		67.50	38		44.73
Exercised	(23)		28.87	(21)		27.38
Forfeited	(8)		31.09	(17)		37.09
Expired	-		-	(1)		28.59
Outstanding at end of the period	126	$	46.51	128	$	32.00
Exercisable at end of the period	54	$	30.21	62	$	28.14

As of September 30, 2018, the weighted-average remaining contractual life was 8.07 years with an aggregate intrinsic value of $22.1 million for outstanding stock options and the weighted-average remaining contractual life was 6.91 years with an aggregate intrinsic value of $10.4 million for exercisable options.  The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $18.08 and $13.73, respectively.  The unrecognized compensation expense calculated under the fair value method for shares expected to vest as of September 30, 2018 was $0.9 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.46 years. The Company received $220 thousand and $568 thousand in cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Upon exercising of options, the Company withheld shares for employee taxes of 3 thousand and 19 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  The total intrinsic value for stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1.4 million and $325 thousand, respectively.

Restricted Stock:

The Company has issued restricted stock to employees and nonemployee directors generally with vesting terms up to five years after the date of grant.   The fair value of the restricted stock is equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.  Expense for restricted stock is amortized ratably over the vesting period.   The following table summarizes our restricted stock activity: 

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017
	Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
(shares in thousands)
Outstanding at beginning of period	129	$	32.15	215	$	27.69
Granted	18		79.80	44		44.73
Vested	(86)		31.61	(58)		26.09
Forfeited	-		-	(8)		36.37
Outstanding at end of the period	61	$	46.90	193	$	31.65

The total fair value of restricted stock awards vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $7.5 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

The total share-based compensation charged against income was $717 thousand and $1.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $2.4 million and $3.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  The total costs of the options and restricted stock awards charged against income was $488 thousand and $912 thousand during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1.7 million and $2.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Also included for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $77 thousand and $229 thousand, respectively, for 63,300 performance-based deferred shares and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $139 thousand and $357 thousand, respectively, for 113,395 performance-based deferred shares in expense for certain key executives.  Included for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $152 thousand and $455 thousand, respectively, in expense for 210,000 performance-based deferred shares granted to our CEO that will vest based on the achievement of certain Company performance targets.

The total income tax benefit recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income for restricted stock awards was $167 thousand and $451 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1.6 million and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

There was $2.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards as of September 30, 2018, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.88 years.  There was $1.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the 273,300 performance based deferred shares discussed above as of September 30, 2018, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.25 years.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

6. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The following table sets forth the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax where applicable (in thousands):

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Foreign currency translation	$	(2)	$	-
Unrealized losses on marketable securities		(264)		(160)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(266)	$	(160)

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Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Financial Instruments [Abstract]

Financial Instruments

7.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Certain financial assets and liabilities are accounted for at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

Level 2 – Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies.

Level 3 – Pricing inputs include significant inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value from the perspective of a market participant.

The following tables represent cash and the available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category recorded as cash and cash equivalents or investment securities (in thousands):

	September 30, 2018
		Cost		Unrealized Losses		Accrued Interest		Estimated Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents		Investment Securities
Cash	$	22,841	$	-	$	-	$	22,841	$	22,841	$	-
Level 1:
Certificate of deposit		55,000		-		-		55,000		55,000		-
Money market accounts		4,466		-		-		4,466		4,466		-
Government & agency securities		4,135		(116)		24		4,043		-		4,043
		63,601		(116)		24		63,509		59,466		4,043
Level 2:
Municipal bonds		16,932		(248)		185		16,869		-		16,869
Total	$	103,374	$	(364)	$	209	$	103,219	$	82,307	$	20,912

	December 31, 2017
		Cost		Unrealized Losses		Accrued Interest		Estimated Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents		Investment Securities
Cash	$	28,630	$	-	$	-	$	28,630	$	28,630	$	-
Level 1:
Certificate of deposit		45,000		-		-		45,000		45,000		-
Money market accounts		1,447		-		-		1,447		1,447		-
Government & agency securities		5,342		(67)		13		5,288		-		5,288
		51,789		(67)		13		51,735		46,447		5,288
Level 2:
Municipal bonds		18,404		(201)		266		18,469		-		18,469
Total	$	98,823	$	(268)	$	279	$	98,834	$	75,077	$	23,757

The Company had a realized loss of $91 and $16 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and a realized loss of $70 and $73 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, gross unrealized losses related to individual securities that had been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or longer were not significant.  The maturities of the Company’s investment securities generally range up to 5 years for municipal bonds and for government and agency securities.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Income Taxes

8.  INCOME TAXES

The Company reflected the effects of the TCJA in its 2017 financial statements, including the effects of the change in the U.S. Corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% on deferred tax assets and liabilities.  The Company’s tax expense for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 was $4.0 million and $10.2 million, respectively.  This includes the reduction in the U.S. federal tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective for the Company’s 2018 tax year.

The Company recognized the income tax effects of the TCJA in the financial statements included in its 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which provides SEC staff guidance for the application of ASC 740, Income Taxes, in the reporting period in which the TCJA was signed into law. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company finalized its accounting for the income tax effects of the TCJA. There were no material adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded in the Company’s financial statements included in its 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Medifast, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) included herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”), for interim reporting and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).  Accordingly, certain information and footnotes that are normally required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted.  However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of normal, recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations have been included and management believes the disclosures that are made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.  The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date.

The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018.  The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the 2017 audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Form 10-K”).

Presentation of Financial Statements

Presentation of Financial Statements - The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein include the accounts of the Medifast, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.  All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2018 –

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The new revenue recognition standard requires the Company to recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services to customers for the amount the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Company is required to identify the contract, identify the relevant performance obligations, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize the revenue when the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Companies have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt the guidance. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new revenue standard on a modified retrospective basis and recorded an after-tax transition adjustment to reduce retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 by $2.0 million. This is comprised of $5.6 million of revenue offset by $3.6 million of inventory costs, deferred shipping expense, credit card fees and income taxes. The results of ASC 606 primarily impact the Company’s timing of revenue recognition for product shipments, as product revenue is recognized upon customer receipt instead of at the time of shipment. The new standard requires more extensive revenue-related disclosures.

As required by ASC 606, the impact of the adoption of the new revenue standard on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30, 2018						Nine months ended September 30, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change		As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
Revenue	$	139,239	$	139,582	$	(343)	$	355,159	$	356,442	$	(1,283)
Cost of sales		32,038		32,071		33		84,351		84,544		193
Gross profit		107,201		107,511		(310)		270,808		271,898		(1,090)
Selling, general, and administrative		89,734		89,831		97		221,548		221,908		360
Income from operations		17,467		17,680		(213)		49,260		49,990		(730)
Other income (expense)
Interest income, net		361		361		-		940		940		-
Other income (expense)		-		-		-		178		178		-
		361		361		-		1,118		1,118		-
Income from operations before income taxes		17,828		18,041		(213)		50,378		51,108		(730)
Provision for income taxes		4,047		4,092		45		10,242		10,396		154
Net income	$	13,781	$	13,949	$	(168)	$	40,136	$	40,712	$	(576)
Earnings per share - basic	$	1.15	$	1.17	$	(0.02)	$	3.34	$	3.39	$	(0.05)
Earnings per share - diluted	$	1.14	$	1.15	$	(0.01)	$	3.31	$	3.36	$	(0.05)
Weighted average shares outstanding -
Basic		11,954		11,954				12,006		12,006
Diluted		12,097		12,097				12,112		12,112

	September 30, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
ASSETS
Accounts receivable, net	$	1,017	$	118	$	899
Inventory		43,845		42,793		1,052
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,851		3,711		140
Deferred tax assets		2,355		1,656		699
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		62,806		57,422		5,384
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Retained earnings		124,601		127,195		(2,594)

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our January 1, 2018 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet from the modified retrospective adoption of ASC 606 was as follows (in thousands):

	Balance at December 31, 2017		Adjustments due to ASC 606		Balance at January 1, 2018
ASSETS
Accounts receivable, net	$	576	$	557	$	1,133
Inventory		19,328		902		20,230
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		4,188		116		4,304
Deferred tax assets		-		336		336
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		37,140		4,137		41,277
Deferred tax liabilities		208		(208)		-
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Retained earnings		103,762		(2,018)		101,744

Recent Accounting Pronouncements –

We have considered all new accounting pronouncements and have concluded that there are no new pronouncements that may have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows, based on current information, except for:

ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) requires the rights and obligations of all leased assets with a term greater than 12 months to be presented on the balance sheet.  The new guidance also changes the definition of a lease and requires expanded quantitative and qualitative disclosures for both lessees and lessors.  The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  We plan to adopt ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019.  The Company currently expects that upon adoption of ASU 2016-02 right-to-use assets and lease liabilities will be recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet in amounts that will be material.  Management is currently evaluating the effect that the provisions of ASU 2016-02 will have on the Company’s financial statements.

ASU 2018-02, Income Statement Reporting - Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) allows the reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the TCJA, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected.  The amendments in this pronouncement are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We plan to adopt ASU 2018-02 on January 1, 2019.  Management is currently evaluating the effect that the provisions of ASU 2018-02 will have on the Company’s financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles

As required by ASC 606, the impact of the adoption of the new revenue standard on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30, 2018						Nine months ended September 30, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change		As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
Revenue	$	139,239	$	139,582	$	(343)	$	355,159	$	356,442	$	(1,283)
Cost of sales		32,038		32,071		33		84,351		84,544		193
Gross profit		107,201		107,511		(310)		270,808		271,898		(1,090)
Selling, general, and administrative		89,734		89,831		97		221,548		221,908		360
Income from operations		17,467		17,680		(213)		49,260		49,990		(730)
Other income (expense)
Interest income, net		361		361		-		940		940		-
Other income (expense)		-		-		-		178		178		-
		361		361		-		1,118		1,118		-
Income from operations before income taxes		17,828		18,041		(213)		50,378		51,108		(730)
Provision for income taxes		4,047		4,092		45		10,242		10,396		154
Net income	$	13,781	$	13,949	$	(168)	$	40,136	$	40,712	$	(576)
Earnings per share - basic	$	1.15	$	1.17	$	(0.02)	$	3.34	$	3.39	$	(0.05)
Earnings per share - diluted	$	1.14	$	1.15	$	(0.01)	$	3.31	$	3.36	$	(0.05)
Weighted average shares outstanding -
Basic		11,954		11,954				12,006		12,006
Diluted		12,097		12,097				12,112		12,112

	September 30, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
ASSETS
Accounts receivable, net	$	1,017	$	118	$	899
Inventory		43,845		42,793		1,052
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,851		3,711		140
Deferred tax assets		2,355		1,656		699
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		62,806		57,422		5,384
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Retained earnings		124,601		127,195		(2,594)

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our January 1, 2018 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet from the modified retrospective adoption of ASC 606 was as follows (in thousands):

	Balance at December 31, 2017		Adjustments due to ASC 606		Balance at January 1, 2018
ASSETS
Accounts receivable, net	$	576	$	557	$	1,133
Inventory		19,328		902		20,230
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		4,188		116		4,304
Deferred tax assets		-		336		336
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		37,140		4,137		41,277
Deferred tax liabilities		208		(208)		-
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Retained earnings		103,762		(2,018)		101,744

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Inventories (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Inventories [Abstract]

Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Raw materials	$	13,273	$	4,348
Packaging		1,762		1,185
Non-food finished goods		2,028		920
Finished goods		27,480		13,407
Reserve for obsolete inventory		(698)		(532)
Total	$	43,845	$	19,328

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Numerator:
Net income	$	13,781	$	6,686	$	40,136	$	20,415
Denominator:
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding		11,954		11,930		12,006		11,920
Effect of dilutive common stock equivalents		143		165		106		143
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding		12,097		12,095		12,112		12,063
Earnings per share - basic	$	1.15	$	0.56	$	3.34	$	1.71
Earnings per share - diluted	$	1.14	$	0.55	$	3.31	$	1.69

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Shared-based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Share-based Compensation [Abstract]

Schedule of Assumptions Used

The weighted average input assumptions used were as follows:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018	2017
Expected term (in years)	6.4	6.0
Risk-free interest rate	2.64%	2.05%
Expected volatility	33.30%	38.33%
Dividend yield	2.87%	2.40%

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity

The following table is a summary of our stock option activity:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017
	Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price
(shares in thousands)
Outstanding at beginning of period	106	$	31.18	129	$	28.22
Granted	51		67.50	38		44.73
Exercised	(23)		28.87	(21)		27.38
Forfeited	(8)		31.09	(17)		37.09
Expired	-		-	(1)		28.59
Outstanding at end of the period	126	$	46.51	128	$	32.00
Exercisable at end of the period	54	$	30.21	62	$	28.14

Restricted Stock Activity

The following table summarizes our restricted stock activity: 

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017
	Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
(shares in thousands)
Outstanding at beginning of period	129	$	32.15	215	$	27.69
Granted	18		79.80	44		44.73
Vested	(86)		31.61	(58)		26.09
Forfeited	-		-	(8)		36.37
Outstanding at end of the period	61	$	46.90	193	$	31.65

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table sets forth the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax where applicable (in thousands):

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Foreign currency translation	$	(2)	$	-
Unrealized losses on marketable securities		(264)		(160)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(266)	$	(160)

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Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Financial Instruments [Abstract]

Cash and Available for Sale Securities Adjusted Cost, Gross Unrealized Gains, Gross Unrealized Losses, and Fair Value by Significant Investment Category

The following tables represent cash and the available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category recorded as cash and cash equivalents or investment securities (in thousands):

	September 30, 2018
		Cost		Unrealized Losses		Accrued Interest		Estimated Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents		Investment Securities
Cash	$	22,841	$	-	$	-	$	22,841	$	22,841	$	-
Level 1:
Certificate of deposit		55,000		-		-		55,000		55,000		-
Money market accounts		4,466		-		-		4,466		4,466		-
Government & agency securities		4,135		(116)		24		4,043		-		4,043
		63,601		(116)		24		63,509		59,466		4,043
Level 2:
Municipal bonds		16,932		(248)		185		16,869		-		16,869
Total	$	103,374	$	(364)	$	209	$	103,219	$	82,307	$	20,912

	December 31, 2017
		Cost		Unrealized Losses		Accrued Interest		Estimated Fair Value		Cash & Cash Equivalents		Investment Securities
Cash	$	28,630	$	-	$	-	$	28,630	$	28,630	$	-
Level 1:
Certificate of deposit		45,000		-		-		45,000		45,000		-
Money market accounts		1,447		-		-		1,447		1,447		-
Government & agency securities		5,342		(67)		13		5,288		-		5,288
		51,789		(67)		13		51,735		46,447		5,288
Level 2:
Municipal bonds		18,404		(201)		266		18,469		-		18,469
Total	$	98,823	$	(268)	$	279	$	98,834	$	75,077	$	23,757

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Narrative) (Detail) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
New Accounting Pronouncement or Change in Accounting Principle, Cumulative Effect of Change on Equity or Net Assets	$ 2.0
New Accounting Pronouncement or Change in Accounting Principle, Effect of Change on Operating Results	5.6
New Accounting Pronouncement or Change in Accounting Principle, Effect of Change on Operating Expenses	$ 3.6

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Impact of New Accounting Principles, Income) (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 139,239	$ 77,205	$ 355,159	$ 223,556
Cost of sales	32,038	19,022	84,351	54,870
Gross profit	107,201	58,183	270,808	168,686
Selling, general, and administrative	89,734	47,956	221,548	138,540
Income from operations	17,467	10,227	49,260	30,146
Other income (expense)
Interest income, net	361	148	940	352
Other income (expense)		(4)	178	32
Nonoperating income (expense)	361	144	1,118	384
Income from operations before income taxes	17,828	10,371	50,378	30,530
Provision for income taxes	4,047	3,685	10,242	10,115
Net income	$ 13,781	$ 6,686	$ 40,136	$ 20,415
Basic earnings per share
Earnings per share, basic	$ 1.15	$ 0.56	$ 3.34	$ 1.71
Diluted earnings per share
Earnings per share, diluted	$ 1.14	$ 0.55	$ 3.31	$ 1.69
Weighted average shares outstanding -
Basic	11,954	11,930	12,006	11,920
Diluted	12,097	12,095	12,112	12,063
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 139,582		$ 356,442
Cost of sales	32,071		84,544
Gross profit	107,511		271,898
Selling, general, and administrative	89,831		221,908
Income from operations	17,680		49,990
Other income (expense)
Interest income, net	361		940
Other income (expense)			178
Nonoperating income (expense)	361		1,118
Income from operations before income taxes	18,041		51,108
Provision for income taxes	4,092		10,396
Net income	$ 13,949		$ 40,712
Basic earnings per share
Earnings per share, basic	$ 1.17		$ 3.39
Diluted earnings per share
Earnings per share, diluted	$ 1.15		$ 3.36
Weighted average shares outstanding -
Basic	11,954		12,006
Diluted	12,097		12,112
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Revenue	$ (343)		$ (1,283)
Cost of sales	(33)		(193)
Gross profit	(310)		(1,090)
Selling, general, and administrative	(97)		(360)
Income from operations	(213)		(730)
Other income (expense)
Income from operations before income taxes	(213)		(730)
Provision for income taxes	(45)		(154)
Net income	$ (168)		$ (576)
Basic earnings per share
Earnings per share, basic	$ (0.02)		$ (0.05)
Diluted earnings per share
Earnings per share, diluted	$ (0.01)		$ (0.05)

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Impact of New Accounting Principles, Balance Sheets) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current Assets
Accounts receivable, net	$ 1,017	$ 1,133	$ 576
Inventory	43,845	20,230	19,328
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,851	4,304	4,188
Deferred tax assets	2,355	336
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	62,806	41,277	37,140
Other liabilities:
Deferred tax liabilities			208
Stockholders' Equity:
Retained earnings	124,601	$ 101,744	103,762
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member]
Current Assets
Accounts receivable, net	118		576
Inventory	42,793		19,328
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,711		4,188
Deferred tax assets	1,656
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	57,422		37,140
Other liabilities:
Deferred tax liabilities			208
Stockholders' Equity:
Retained earnings	127,195		103,762
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 [Member]
Current Assets
Accounts receivable, net	899		557
Inventory	1,052		902
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	140		116
Deferred tax assets	699		336
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	5,384		4,137
Other liabilities:
Deferred tax liabilities			(208)
Stockholders' Equity:
Retained earnings	$ (2,594)		$ (2,018)

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Inventories (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Inventories [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 13,273		$ 4,348
Packaging	1,762		1,185
Non-food finished goods	2,028		920
Finished goods	27,480		13,407
Reserve for obsolete inventory	(698)		(532)
Inventory	$ 43,845	$ 20,230	$ 19,328

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Earnings Per Share (Narrative) (Detail) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Anti-dilutive options		3,813
Stock Options [Member]
Anti-dilutive options	0	3,813	214	6,780
Restricted Stock [Member]
Anti-dilutive options	43		297

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Earnings Per Share (Earnings Per Share) (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Numerator:
Net income	$ 13,781	$ 6,686	$ 40,136	$ 20,415
Denominator:
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding	11,954	11,930	12,006	11,920
Effect of dilutive common stock equivalents	143	165	106	143
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding	12,097	12,095	12,112	12,063
Basic earnings per share
Earnings per share	$ 1.15	$ 0.56	$ 3.34	$ 1.71
Diluted earnings per share
Earnings per share	$ 1.14	$ 0.55	$ 3.31	$ 1.69

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Shared-based Compensation (Narrative) (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	$ 717	$ 1,200	$ 2,352	$ 3,418
Weighted-average remaining contractual life of options oustanding			8 years 26 days
Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding	22,100		$ 22,100
Weighted-average remaining contractual life of options exercisable			6 years 10 months 28 days
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable	10,400		$ 10,400
Proceeds from stock options exercised			220	568
Intrinsic value of options exercised			1,400	325
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total income tax benefit recognized related to restricted stock awards	167	451	1,600	1,500
Employee service share based compensation nonvested awards total compensation cost not yet recognized	2,100		$ 2,100
Compensation cost recognition weighted average period			1 year 10 months 17 days
Award vesting period			5 years
Share-based compensation arrangement, fair value of awards vested			$ 7,500	$ 2,500
Shares vested in period			86,000	58,000
Stock Options [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Employee service share based compensation nonvested awards total compensation cost not yet recognized	900		$ 900
Compensation cost recognition weighted average period			3 years 5 months 16 days
Award vesting period			3 years
Share-based compensation, shares authorized under stock option plans, exercise price range, lower range limit			$ 26.52
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, grants in period, weighted average grant date fair value			18.08	$ 13.73
Share-based compensation, shares authorized under stock option plans, exercise price range, upper range limit			$ 157.30
Proceeds from stock options exercised			$ 220	$ 568
Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award options expiration term			10 years
Shares withheld for employee taxes			3,000	19,000
Options and Restricted Stock Awards [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	488	912	$ 1,700	$ 2,600
Performance Shares [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Employee service share based compensation nonvested awards total compensation cost not yet recognized	1,100		$ 1,100
Compensation cost recognition weighted average period			1 year 3 months
Share based compensation expense	$ 77	139	$ 229	$ 357
Share-based compensation arrangement shares to be issued	273,300		273,300
Shares vested in period			63,300	113,395
Performance Shares [Member] | Chief Executive Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation expense	$ 152	$ 455	$ 152	$ 455
Share-based compensation arrangement shares to be issued	210,000	210,000	210,000	210,000

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Shared-based Compensation (Schedule of Assumptions Used) (Detail)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Share-based Compensation [Abstract]
Expected term (in years)	6 years 4 months 24 days	6 years
Risk-free interest rate	2.64%	2.05%
Expected volatility	33.30%	38.33%
Dividend yield	2.87%	2.40%

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Shared-based Compensation (Schedule of Share Based Compensation Stock Options Activity) (Detail) - Stock Options [Member] - $ / shares shares in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares, Outstanding Beginning Balance	106	129
Shares, Granted	51	38
Shares, Exercised	(23)	(21)
Shares, Forfeited	(8)	(17)
Shares, Expired		(1)
Shares, Outstanding Ending Balance	126	128
Shares, Exerciseable	54	62
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding Beginning Balance	$ 31.18	$ 28.22
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted	67.50	44.73
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised	28.87	27.38
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited	31.09	37.09
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Expired		28.59
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Oustanding Ending Balance	46.51	32.00
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exerciseable	$ 30.21	$ 28.14

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Shared-based Compensation (Summary of Restricted Stock Activity) (Detail) - Restricted Stock [Member] - $ / shares shares in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Shares
Outstanding at beginning of period	129	215
Granted	18	44
Vested	(86)	(58)
Forfeited		(8)
Outstanding at end of period	61	193
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period	$ 32.15	$ 27.69
Granted	79.80	44.73
Vested	31.61	26.09
Forfeited		36.37
Outstanding at end of period	$ 46.90	$ 31.65

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation	$ (2)
Unrealized losses on marketable securities	(264)	$ (160)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ (266)	$ (160)

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Financial Instruments (Narrative) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Realized Gain (Loss) on Marketable Securities, Cost Method Investments, and Other Investments	$ (91)	$ (16)	$ (70)	$ (73)
US Treasury and Government Short-term Debt Securities [Member]
Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Available for Sale Securities Maturity Period			5 years

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Financial Instruments (Cash and Available for Sale Securities Adjusted Cost, Gross Unrealized Gains, Gross Unrealized Losses, and Fair Value by Significant Investment Category) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cost	$ 103,374	$ 98,823
Unrealized Losses	(364)	(268)
Accrued Interest	209	279
Estimated Fair Value	103,219	98,834
Cash & Cash Equivalents	82,307	75,077	$ 70,553	$ 52,436
Investment Securities	20,912	23,757
Cash [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cost	22,841	28,630
Estimated Fair Value	22,841	28,630
Cash & Cash Equivalents	22,841	28,630
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cost	63,601	51,789
Unrealized Losses	(116)	(67)
Accrued Interest	24	13
Estimated Fair Value	63,509	51,735
Cash & Cash Equivalents	59,466	46,447
Investment Securities	4,043	5,288
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cost	55,000	45,000
Estimated Fair Value	55,000	45,000
Cash & Cash Equivalents	55,000	45,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cost	4,466	1,447
Estimated Fair Value	4,466	1,447
Cash & Cash Equivalents	4,466	1,447
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Government and Agency Securities [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cost	4,135	5,342
Unrealized Losses	(116)	(67)
Accrued Interest	24	13
Estimated Fair Value	4,043	5,288
Investment Securities	4,043	5,288
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Municipal Bonds [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cost	16,932	18,404
Unrealized Losses	(248)	(201)
Accrued Interest	185	266
Estimated Fair Value	16,869	18,469
Investment Securities	$ 16,869	$ 18,469

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Income Taxes (Narrative) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 21, 2017
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Effective tax rate, Statutory federal tax			21.00%		35.00%
Income tax expense	$ 4,047	$ 3,685	$ 10,242	$ 10,115