0001193125-20-304674.txt : 20201130 0001193125-20-304674.hdr.sgml : 20201130 20201127213631 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001193125-20-304674 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: N-CSR PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 9 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20200930 FILED AS OF DATE: 20201130 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20201127 EFFECTIVENESS DATE: 20201130 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: WESTERN ASSET HIGH INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND INC. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000910068 IRS NUMBER: 133735236 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MD FISCAL YEAR END: 0930 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: N-CSR SEC ACT: 1940 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 811-07920 FILM NUMBER: 201356165 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 620 EIGHTH AVENUE STREET 2: 49TH FLOOR CITY: NEW YORK STATE: NY ZIP: 10018 BUSINESS PHONE: 888-777-0102 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 620 EIGHTH AVENUE STREET 2: 49TH FLOOR CITY: NEW YORK STATE: NY ZIP: 10018 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: HIGH INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19941230 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: SMITH BARNEY HIGH INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19930913 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: SMITH BARNEY HIGH INCOME FUND INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19930802 N-CSR 1 d17238dncsr.htm WESTERN ASSET HIGH INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND INC (HIO) WESTERN ASSET HIGH INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND INC (HIO)

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM N-CSR

 

 

CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED

MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES

Investment Company Act file number 811-07920

 

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

 

 

620 Eighth Avenue, 47th Floor, New York, NY 10018

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

 

 

George P. Hoyt.

Legg Mason & Co., LLC

100 First Stamford Place

Stamford, CT 06902

(Name and address of agent for service)

 

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (888) 777-0102

Date of fiscal year end: September 30

Date of reporting period: September 30, 2020

 

 

 


ITEM 1.

REPORT TO STOCKHOLDERS.

The Annual Report to Stockholders is filed herewith.


LOGO

 

Annual Report   September 30, 2020

WESTERN ASSET

HIGH INCOME

OPPORTUNITY FUND

INC. (HIO)

 

 

 

Beginning in or after March 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Fund intends to no longer mail paper copies of the Fund’s shareholder reports like this one, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from the Fund or from your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank). Instead, the reports will be made available on a website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

If you invest through a financial intermediary and you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically (“e-delivery”), you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. If you have not already elected e-delivery, you may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Fund electronically by contacting your financial intermediary.

You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can contact your financial intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies of your shareholder reports. That election will apply to all Legg Mason Funds held in your account at that financial intermediary. If you are a direct shareholder with the Fund, you can call the Fund at 1-888-888-0151, or write to the Fund by regular mail at P.O. Box 505000, Louisville, KY 40233 or by overnight delivery to Computershare, 462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600, Louisville, KY 40202 to let the Fund know you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports. That election will apply to all Legg Mason Funds held in your account held directly with the fund complex.

 

LOGO

 

INVESTMENT PRODUCTS: NOT FDIC INSURED • NO BANK GUARANTEE • MAY LOSE VALUE


What’s inside      
Letter from the chairman     III  
Fund overview     1  
Fund at a glance     7  
Schedule of investments     8  
Statement of assets and liabilities     25  
Statement of operations     26  
Statements of changes in net assets     27  
Financial highlights     28  
Notes to financial statements     29  
Report of independent registered public accounting firm     43  
Board approval of new management and new subadvisory agreements     44  
Additional shareholder information     54  
Additional information     55  
Annual chief executive officer and principal financial officer certifications     61  
Other shareholder communications regarding accounting matters     62  
Summary of information regarding the Fund     63  
Dividend reinvestment plan     73  
Important tax information     75  

Fund objectives

The Fund seeks high current income. Capital appreciation is a secondary objective.

In seeking to fulfill its investment objectives, the Fund invests, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets in high-yield securities and up to 20% in common stock equivalents, including options, warrants and rights.

 

II    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Letter from the chairman

 

LOGO

 

Dear Shareholder,

We are pleased to provide the annual report of Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. for the twelve-month reporting period ended September 30, 2020. Please read on for a detailed look at prevailing economic and market conditions during the Fund’s reporting period and to learn how those conditions have affected Fund performance.

Special shareholder notice

On July 31, 2020, Franklin Resources, Inc. (“Franklin Resources”) acquired Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”) in an all-cash transaction. As a result of the transaction, Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA”) and the subadvisers became indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries of Franklin Resources. Under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, consummation of the transaction automatically terminated the management and subadvisory agreements that were in place for the Fund prior to the transaction. The Fund’s manager and subadvisers continue to provide uninterrupted services with respect to the Fund pursuant to new management and subadvisory agreements that were approved by Fund shareholders.

Franklin Resources, whose principal executive offices are at One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, California 94403, is a global investment management organization operating, together with its subsidiaries, as Franklin Templeton. As of September 30, 2020, after giving effect to the transaction described above, Franklin Templeton’s asset management operations had aggregate assets under management of approximately $1.4 trillion.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   III


Letter from the chairman

 

As always, we remain committed to providing you with excellent service and a full spectrum of investment choices. We also remain committed to supplementing the support you receive from your financial advisor. One way we accomplish this is through our website, www.lmcef.com. Here you can gain immediate access to market and investment information, including:

 

 

Fund prices and performance,

 

 

Market insights and commentaries from our portfolio managers, and

 

 

A host of educational resources.

We look forward to helping you meet your financial goals.

Sincerely,

 

LOGO

Jane Trust, CFA

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

October 30, 2020

 

IV    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Fund overview

 

Q. What is the Fund’s investment strategy?

A. The Fund seeks high current income. Capital appreciation is a secondary objective. In seeking to fulfill its investment objectives, the Fund invests, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets in high-yield securities and up to 20% in common stock equivalents, including options, warrants and rights.

We employ an actively managed approach that is risk-aware and incorporates top-down macroeconomic views with industry sector insights and bottom-up credit research to derive the general framework for the Fund’s predominantly non-investment grade credit mandate. This framework provides the foundation for how the portfolio is positioned with respect to risk (aggressive, neutral, conservative), as well as sector overweights and underweights.

Risk and weightings are reviewed on a regular basis. Our bottom-up process provides the basis for populating the targeted industry weightings through individual credit selection. Analysts work closely with investment professionals to determine which securities provide the best risk/reward relationship within their respective sectors. The research team focuses on key fundamental measures such as leverage, cash flow adequacy, liquidity, amortization schedule, underlying asset value and management integrity/track record.

At Western Asset Management Company, LLC (“Western Asset”), the Fund’s subadviser, we utilize a fixed income team approach, with decisions derived from interaction among various investment management sector specialists. The sector teams are comprised of Western Asset’s senior portfolio management personnel, research analysts and an in-house economist. Under this team approach, management of client fixed income portfolios will reflect a consensus of interdisciplinary views within the Western Asset organization. The individuals responsible for development of investment strategy, day-to-day portfolio management, oversight and coordination of the Fund are S. Kenneth Leech, Michael C. Buchanan and Christopher F. Kilpatrick.

Q. What were the overall market conditions during the Fund’s reporting period?

A. Fixed income markets, in general, posted mixed results over the twelve-months reporting period ended September 30, 2020. Most spread sectors (non-Treasuries) lagged equal durationi Treasuries amid periods of heightened volatility. This was driven by a number of factors, including extreme risk aversion as the COVID-19 pandemic escalated, sharply falling global growth, aggressive monetary policy accommodation from the Federal Reserve Board (the “Fed”)ii, ongoing trade conflicts and a number of geopolitical issues. As a result, spread sectors generally saw their prices move lower in March and early April 2020, only to then recover in the second and third quarters of 2020.

Both short- and long-term U.S. Treasury yields moved sharply lower during the reporting period. The yield for the two-year Treasury note began the reporting period at 1.63% and rose as high as 1.68% on November 7 and 8, 2019. The low for the period of 0.11% occurred several times toward the end of July 2020, the beginning of August 2020, and the end of September 2020, and ended the period at 0.13%. The yield for the ten-year Treasury

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   1


Fund overview (cont’d)

 

yield began the reporting period at 1.68% and moved as high as 1.94% on November 8, 2019. The low of 0.52% occurred on August 4, 2020, and ended the period at 0.69%.

All told, the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Indexiii, returned 6.98% for the twelve months ended September 30, 2020. For comparison purposes, riskier fixed income securities, including high-yield bonds and emerging market debt, produced weaker results. Over the fiscal year, the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Corporate High Yield — 2% Issuer Cap Indexiv and the JPMorgan Emerging Markets Bond Index Global (“EMBI Global”)v returned 3.20% and 2.47%, respectively.

Q. How did we respond to these changing market conditions?

A. A number of adjustments were made to the Fund’s portfolio during the reporting period. From a regional perspective, we reduced the Fund’s allocation to emerging markets (“EM”) and higher-quality bank loans. Our premise was EM does not have the public health infrastructure, nor the will to suppress the virus and, therefore, sovereign and credit spreads would take longer to recover in developing markets. The Fund’s secured higher-quality bank loan exposure outperformed during the market’s downturn and we saw more attractive valuations elsewhere. We added to the Fund’s exposures to high-yield and investment-grade corporate bonds. Within the high-yield market, we decreased the Fund’s allocations to the Communication Services sector. We also initialed several “reopening trades,” added several positions that were selling at discounted prices due to the pandemic that we felt would outperform when the economy reopened. In particular, we targeted specific issuers in areas such as Airlines, Aircraft Leasing, Hotels, and Autos that we felt had the ability to either improve their liquidity and/or manage their current liquidity well. From a quality perspective, we increased the Fund’s allocation to securities rated B and pared its exposure to securities rated BB.

Finally, we reduced both the duration of the Fund, as well as our overweight in U.S. government bonds, as rates rallied aggressively during the reporting period and we moved to capture profits.

Performance review

For the twelve months ended September 30, 2020, Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. returned 3.13% based on its net asset value (“NAV”)vi and 5.05% based on its New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) market price per share. The Fund’s unmanaged benchmark, the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Corporate High Yield — 2% Issuer Cap Index, returned 3.20% for the same period. The Lipper High Yield Closed-End Funds Category Averagevii returned 1.92% over the same time frame. Please note that Lipper performance returns are based on each fund’s NAV.

During the twelve-month period, the Fund made distributions to shareholders totaling $0.38 per share of which $0.07 will be treated as a return of capital for tax purposes.* The

 

*

For the tax character of distributions paid during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, please refer to page 40 of this report.

 

 

2    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


performance table shows the Fund’s twelve-month total return based on its NAV and market price as of September 30, 2020. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

 

Performance Snapshot as of September 30, 2020      
Price Per Share   12-Month
Total Return**
 
$ 5.27 (NAV)     3.13 %† 
$ 4.90 (Market Price)     5.05 %‡ 

All figures represent past performance and are not a guarantee of future results.

** Total returns are based on changes in NAV or market price, respectively. Returns reflect the deduction of all Fund expenses, including management fees, operating expenses, and other Fund expenses. Returns do not reflect the deduction of brokerage commissions or taxes that investors may pay on distributions or the sale of shares.

† Total return assumes the reinvestment of all distributions, including returns of capital, at NAV.

‡ Total return assumes the reinvestment of all distributions, including returns of capital, in additional shares in accordance with the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan.

Q. What were the leading contributors to performance?

A. The largest contributor to the Fund’s absolute performance during the reporting period was our security selection. Within the high-yield portion of the portfolio, overweight exposures in Dish DBS Corp., Sprint Communications, Inc., Sprint Capital Corp., Delta Air Lines, Inc., Range Resources Corp., and Montage Resources Corp. were beneficial for performance. Dish DBS Corp. posted solid fundamental performance, generated free cash flow and deleveraged its balance sheet. Sprint completed its merger with higher rated and better-performing T-Mobile USA. We added significant secured and unsecured Delta Air Lines positions during the market downturn, which then rallied significantly during the second half of reporting period. Within the Fund’s Energy allocation, natural gas focused issuers outperformed oil, and our overweights in Range Resources Corp. and Montage Resources Corp. performed well. In addition, the latter was acquired by a higher rated competitor toward the end of the period, sending the Fund’s bonds higher.

Within the high-yield market, an underweight in large issuer Intelsat Jackson Holdings SA and no position in Frontier Communications were beneficial as well. We were cautious on these companies coming into 2020 and both ended up filing for bankruptcy during the reporting period.

Lastly, our quality biases significantly contributed to performance. In particular, our higher-quality bias, including an overweight to investment-grade corporate bonds and an underweight to companies rated CCC and below was rewarded. Going into 2020, we felt many lower-rated companies had failed to de-lever over the past decade, generated little or negative free cash flow, and were poised to underperform. This positioning was beneficial, as lower-rated companies lagged their higher-rated counterparts over the reporting period.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   3


Fund overview (cont’d)

 

Q. What were the leading detractors from performance?

A. The largest detractor from the Fund’s absolute performance during the reporting period were several overweight positions. With the Fund’s Energy exposure, positions in Chesapeake Energy (both secured and unsecured holdings) and Oasis Petroleum detracted from performance. The high-yield market experienced dozens of bankruptcies over the period, as both demand for energy, commodity prices, and subsequently bond and loan prices of many energy issuers came under pressure. While we avoided many U.S. bankruptcies in this sector, both Chesapeake and Oasis Petroleum restructured during the pandemic. We are in the process of converting the Fund’s bond and loan positions in both of these companies to equity. While we are relatively positive on our long-term recovery prospects for these securities, they detracted from performance during the reporting period.

Lastly, an underweight to Occidental Petroleum Corp. detracted from results. This was a large investment-grade issuer that performed poorly during the onset of the pandemic, was downgraded into the high-yield index at very low prices, and then recovered in the second half of the period. However, we did not reduce the Fund’s underweight position and add aggressively enough to capture the full benefit of the rebound.

Looking for additional information?

The Fund is traded under the symbol “HIO” and its closing market price is available in most newspapers under the NYSE listings. The daily NAV is available online under the symbol “XHIOX” on most financial websites. Barron’s and The Wall Street Journal’s Monday edition both carry closed-end fund tables that provide additional information. In addition, the Fund issues a quarterly press release that can be found on most major financial websites as well as www.lmcef.com (click on the name of the Fund).

In a continuing effort to provide information concerning the Fund, shareholders may call 1-888-777-0102 (toll free), Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Eastern Time, for the Fund’s current NAV, market price and other information.

Thank you for your investment in Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. As always, we appreciate that you have chosen us to manage your assets and we remain focused on achieving the Fund’s investment goals.

Sincerely,

Western Asset Management Company, LLC

October 30, 2020

RISKS: The Fund is a diversified closed-end management investment company designed primarily as a long-term investment and not as a trading vehicle. The Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program and, due to the uncertainty inherent in all investments, there can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives. The Fund’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Similar to stocks, the Fund’s share price will fluctuate with market conditions and, at the time of sale, may be worth more or less than the original

 

4    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


investment. Shares of closed-end funds often trade at a discount to their net asset value. Diversification does not assure against market loss. The Fund’s investments are subject to a number of risks, such as credit risk, inflation risk and interest rate risk. The Fund may invest in lower-rated high-yield bonds, commonly known as “junk bonds,” which are subject to greater credit risk (risk of default) and liquidity risk than higher-rated obligations. The Fund is also permitted purchases of equity securities. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed income securities. As interest rates rise, bond prices fall, reducing the value of the Fund’s holdings. The Fund may use derivatives, such as options and futures, which can be illiquid, may disproportionately increase losses, and have a potentially large impact on Fund performance. In addition, the Fund may invest in foreign securities, which are subject to certain risks of overseas investing, including currency fluctuations and changes in political, social and economic conditions, which could result in significant fluctuations. These risks are magnified in emerging markets. Emerging market countries tend to have economic, political and legal systems that are less developed and are less stable than those of more developed countries. The Fund may also invest in money market funds, including funds affiliated with the Fund’s manager and subadviser. For more information on Fund risks, see Summary of Information Regarding the Fund - Principal Risk Factors in this report.

Portfolio holdings and breakdowns are as of September 30, 2020 and are subject to change and may not be representative of the portfolio managers’ current or future investments. Please refer to pages 8 through 24 for a list and percentage breakdown of the Fund’s holdings.

The mention of sector breakdowns is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a recommendation to purchase or sell any securities. The information provided regarding such sectors is not a sufficient basis upon which to make an investment decision. Investors seeking financial advice regarding the appropriateness of investing in any securities or investment strategies discussed should consult their financial professional. The Fund’s top five sector holdings (as a percentage of net assets) as of September 30, 2020 were: Communication Services (18.2%), Consumer Discretionary (16.0%), Financials (15.7%), Energy (14.9%) and Industrials (11.0%). The Fund’s portfolio composition is subject to change at any time.

All investments are subject to risk including the possible loss of principal. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. All index performance reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes. Please note that an investor cannot invest directly in an index.

The information provided is not intended to be a forecast of future events, a guarantee of future results or investment advice. Views expressed may differ from those of the firm as a whole.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   5


Fund overview (cont’d)

 

    

    

i 

Duration is the measure of the price sensitivity of a fixed income security to an interest rate change of 100 basis points. Calculation is based on the weighted average of the present values for all cash flows.

 

ii 

The Federal Reserve Board (the “Fed”) is responsible for the formulation of U.S. policies designed to promote economic growth, full employment, stable prices, and a sustainable pattern of international trade and payments.

 

iii 

The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Index is a broad-based bond index comprised of government, corporate, mortgage- and asset-backed issues, rated investment grade or higher, and having at least one year to maturity.

 

iv 

The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Corporate High Yield—2% Issuer Cap Index is an index of the 2% Issuer Cap component of the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Corporate High Yield Index, which covers the U.S. dollar-denominated, non-investment grade, fixed-rate, taxable corporate bond market.

 

v 

The JPMorgan Emerging Markets Bond Index Global (“EMBI Global”) tracks total returns for U.S. dollar- denominated debt instruments issued by emerging market sovereign and quasi-sovereign entities: Brady bonds, loans, Eurobonds and local market instruments.

 

vi 

Net asset value (“NAV”) is calculated by subtracting total liabilities, including liabilities associated with financial leverage (if any), from the closing value of all securities held by the Fund (plus all other assets) and dividing the result (total net assets) by the total number of the common shares outstanding. The NAV fluctuates with changes in the market prices of securities in which the Fund has invested. However, the price at which an investor may buy or sell shares of the Fund is the Fund’s market price as determined by supply of and demand for the Fund’s shares.

 

vii 

Lipper, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Reuters, provides independent insight on global collective investments. Returns are based on the twelve-month period ended September 30, 2020, including the reinvestment of all distributions, including returns of capital, if any, calculated among the 9 funds in the Fund’s Lipper category.

 

6    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


Fund at a glance (unaudited)

 

IInvestment breakdown (%) as a percent of total investments

 

LOGO

 

The bar graph above represents the composition of the Fund’s investments as of September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 and does not include derivatives, such as forward foreign currency contracts. The Fund is actively managed. As a result, the composition of the Fund’s investments is subject to change at any time.

 

Represents less than 0.1%.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   7


Schedule of investments

September 30, 2020

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Security   Rate    

Maturity

Date

   

Face

Amount†

    Value  
Corporate Bonds & Notes — 89.7%                                
Communication Services — 17.4%                                

Diversified Telecommunication Services — 4.1%

 

                       

Altice France Holding SA, Senior Secured Notes

    10.500     5/15/27       3,790,000     $ 4,218,744  (a) 

Altice France SA, Senior Secured Notes

    7.375     5/1/26       11,419,000       11,977,960  (a) 

Altice France SA, Senior Secured Notes

    8.125     2/1/27       3,073,000       3,353,089  (a)  

Cogent Communications Group Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    5.375     3/1/22       1,170,000       1,197,512  (a)  

Intelsat Jackson Holdings SA, Senior Secured Notes

    8.000     2/15/24       2,910,000       2,958,481  (a)  

Telecom Italia Capital SA, Senior Notes

    6.000     9/30/34       2,800,000       3,255,000  

Total Diversified Telecommunication Services

 

                    26,960,786  

Entertainment — 0.6%

                               

Netflix Inc., Senior Notes

    5.875     11/15/28       1,453,000       1,736,320  

Netflix Inc., Senior Notes

    6.375     5/15/29       1,875,000       2,308,594  

Total Entertainment

                            4,044,914  

Interactive Media & Services — 0.0%††

                               

Match Group Holdings II LLC, Senior Notes

    5.000     12/15/27       65,000       68,806  (a)  

Media — 7.8%

                               

CCO Holdings LLC/CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    5.750     2/15/26       1,170,000       1,218,263  (a)  

CCO Holdings LLC/CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    5.125     5/1/27       4,321,000       4,552,411  (a)  

CCO Holdings LLC/CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    5.000     2/1/28       14,869,000       15,627,319  (a) 

CCO Holdings LLC/CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    4.500     8/15/30       380,000       399,494  (a)  

CCO Holdings LLC/CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    4.500     5/1/32       850,000       888,250  (a)  

DISH DBS Corp., Senior Notes

    5.875     11/15/24       10,820,000       11,111,761  

DISH DBS Corp., Senior Notes

    7.750     7/1/26       11,476,000       12,630,772  

Univision Communications Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    9.500     5/1/25       2,070,000       2,225,250  (a)  

Virgin Media Secured Finance PLC, Senior Secured Notes

    5.500     8/15/26       3,440,000       3,592,650  (a)  

Total Media

                            52,246,170  

Wireless Telecommunication Services — 4.9%

 

                       

CSC Holdings LLC, Senior Notes

    5.375     2/1/28       2,620,000       2,773,925  (a)  

CSC Holdings LLC, Senior Notes

    6.500     2/1/29       1,530,000       1,699,256  (a)  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

8    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


 

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Wireless Telecommunication Services — continued

 

                       

Sprint Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    6.875     11/15/28       2,190,000     $ 2,741,606  

Sprint Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    8.750     3/15/32       6,910,000       10,121,837  

Sprint Communications Inc., Senior Notes

    11.500     11/15/21       3,770,000       4,143,136  

Sprint Corp., Senior Notes

    7.250     9/15/21       2,800,000       2,933,000  

Sprint Corp., Senior Notes

    7.875     9/15/23       360,000       414,225  

T-Mobile USA Inc., Senior Notes

    6.000     3/1/23       1,080,000       1,084,158  

T-Mobile USA Inc., Senior Notes

    6.500     1/15/26       910,000       952,088  

VEON Holdings BV, Senior Notes

    7.504     3/1/22       1,530,000       1,662,077  (b)  

VEON Holdings BV, Senior Notes

    7.504     3/1/22       940,000       1,021,146  (a)  

Vimpel Communications Via VIP Finance Ireland Ltd. OJSC, Senior Notes

    7.748     2/2/21       3,170,000       3,239,740  (a)  

Total Wireless Telecommunication Services

 

                    32,786,194  

Total Communication Services

                            116,106,870  
Consumer Discretionary — 14.4%                                

Auto Components — 2.1%

                               

Adient Global Holdings Ltd., Senior Notes

    4.875     8/15/26       5,339,000       5,095,408  (a)  

Adient US LLC, Senior Secured Notes

    9.000     4/15/25       1,080,000       1,192,725  (a)  

American Axle & Manufacturing Inc., Senior Notes

    6.500     4/1/27       4,523,000       4,384,483  

JB Poindexter & Co. Inc., Senior Notes

    7.125     4/15/26       3,478,000       3,700,384  (a)  

Total Auto Components

                            14,373,000  

Automobiles — 2.3%

                               

Ford Motor Co., Senior Notes

    8.500     4/21/23       1,260,000       1,375,410  

Ford Motor Co., Senior Notes

    9.000     4/22/25       3,280,000       3,764,768  

Ford Motor Credit Co. LLC, Senior Notes

    3.200     1/15/21       2,000,000       2,000,775  

Ford Motor Credit Co. LLC, Senior Notes

    3.336     3/18/21       1,950,000       1,952,925  

Ford Motor Credit Co. LLC, Senior Notes

    3.813     10/12/21       200,000       200,875  

Ford Motor Credit Co. LLC, Senior Notes

    4.250     9/20/22       1,955,000       1,975,136  

Ford Motor Credit Co. LLC, Senior Notes

    5.125     6/16/25       1,650,000       1,703,625  

Ford Motor Credit Co. LLC, Senior Notes

    4.125     8/17/27       2,010,000       1,958,494  

Ford Motor Credit Co. LLC, Senior Notes

    3.815     11/2/27       200,000       191,060  

General Motors Co., Senior Notes

    6.125     10/1/25       380,000       442,097  

Total Automobiles

                            15,565,165  

Diversified Consumer Services — 2.6%

                               

Carriage Services Inc., Senior Notes

    6.625     6/1/26       5,760,000       6,039,705  (a)  

Frontdoor Inc., Senior Notes

    6.750     8/15/26       3,202,000       3,421,529  (a)  

Prime Security Services Borrower LLC/ Prime Finance Inc., Secured Notes

    6.250     1/15/28       1,590,000       1,612,117  (a)  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   9


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2020

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Diversified Consumer Services — continued

                               

Prime Security Services Borrower LLC/ Prime Finance Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    5.750     4/15/26       2,620,000     $ 2,807,579  (a) 

Service Corp. International, Senior Notes

    7.500     4/1/27       1,975,000       2,357,281  

Weight Watchers International Inc., Senior Notes

    8.625     12/1/25       880,000       922,350  (a)  

Total Diversified Consumer Services

                            17,160,561  

Hotels, Restaurants & Leisure — 4.7%

                               

1011778 BC ULC/New Red Finance Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    4.250     5/15/24       920,000       937,894  (a)  

1011778 BC ULC/New Red Finance Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    5.750     4/15/25       720,000       769,730  (a)  

Colt Merger Sub Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    5.750     7/1/25       1,030,000       1,063,475  (a)  

Hilton Domestic Operating Co. Inc., Senior Notes

    5.750     5/1/28       930,000       981,731  (a)  

IRB Holding Corp., Senior Secured Notes

    7.000     6/15/25       1,230,000       1,313,671  (a)  

NCL Corp. Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    12.250     5/15/24       3,480,000       3,901,950  (a)  

NCL Corp. Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    10.250     2/1/26       2,400,000       2,508,000  (a)  

Saga PLC, Senior Notes

    3.375     5/12/24       2,200,000  GBP      2,372,737  (b)  

Silversea Cruise Finance Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    7.250     2/1/25       1,438,000       1,459,570  (a)  

Viking Cruises Ltd., Senior Notes

    5.875     9/15/27       4,011,000       3,126,073  (a)  

Viking Cruises Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    13.000     5/15/25       1,200,000       1,392,000  (a)  

VOC Escrow Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    5.000     2/15/28       2,900,000       2,574,286  (a)  

Wyndham Hotels & Resorts Inc., Senior Notes

    4.375     8/15/28       1,100,000       1,069,062  (a)  

Wynn Macau Ltd., Senior Notes

    5.500     1/15/26       300,000       296,213  (a)  

Wynn Macau Ltd., Senior Notes

    5.500     10/1/27       220,000       213,950  (a)  

Wynn Macau Ltd., Senior Notes

    5.625     8/26/28       3,010,000       2,927,225  (a)  

Wynn Macau Ltd., Senior Notes

    5.125     12/15/29       490,000       471,013  (a)  

Wynn Resorts Finance LLC/Wynn Resorts Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    7.750     4/15/25       2,840,000       3,011,252  (a)  

Yum! Brands Inc., Senior Notes

    7.750     4/1/25       640,000       710,592  (a)  

Total Hotels, Restaurants & Leisure

                            31,100,424  

Household Durables — 0.2%

                               

Newell Brands Inc., Senior Notes

    4.875     6/1/25       1,190,000       1,285,200  

Specialty Retail — 2.3%

                               

L Brands Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    6.875     7/1/25       3,480,000       3,763,655  (a)  

Michaels Stores Inc., Senior Notes

    8.000     7/15/27       1,320,000       1,381,631  (a)  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

10    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


 

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Specialty Retail — continued

                               

Party City Holdings Inc., Senior Secured Notes (6 mo. USD LIBOR + 5.000%)

    5.750     7/15/25       1,249,311     $ 936,983  (a)(c) 

PetSmart Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    5.875     6/1/25       6,450,000       6,618,345  (a)  

Sally Holdings LLC/Sally Capital Inc., Senior Notes

    5.500     11/1/23       1,060,000       1,069,937  

Sally Holdings LLC/Sally Capital Inc., Senior Notes

    5.625     12/1/25       1,590,000       1,614,081  

Total Specialty Retail

                            15,384,632  

Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goods — 0.2%

                               

Hanesbrands Inc., Senior Notes

    4.875     5/15/26       856,000       915,385  (a)  

Hanesbrands Inc., Senior Notes

    4.875     5/15/26       300,000       320,812  (b)  

Total Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goods

                            1,236,197  

Total Consumer Discretionary

                            96,105,179  
Consumer Staples — 2.7%                                

Food Products — 2.3%

                               

Kraft Heinz Foods Co., Senior Notes

    3.875     5/15/27       2,090,000       2,218,131  (a)  

Kraft Heinz Foods Co., Senior Notes

    4.250     3/1/31       320,000       351,966  (a)  

Kraft Heinz Foods Co., Senior Notes

    5.000     7/15/35       830,000       957,750  

Kraft Heinz Foods Co., Senior Notes

    5.000     6/4/42       165,000       180,941  

Kraft Heinz Foods Co., Senior Notes

    5.200     7/15/45       3,480,000       3,815,278  

Kraft Heinz Foods Co., Senior Notes

    4.375     6/1/46       1,550,000       1,597,402  

Kraft Heinz Foods Co., Senior Notes

    5.500     6/1/50       970,000       1,115,970  (a)  

Pilgrim’s Pride Corp., Senior Notes

    5.750     3/15/25       720,000       734,400  (a)  

Pilgrim’s Pride Corp., Senior Notes

    5.875     9/30/27       4,230,000       4,372,763  (a)  

Total Food Products

                            15,344,601  

Household Products — 0.4%

                               

Central Garden & Pet Co., Senior Notes

    6.125     11/15/23       400,000       408,958  

Energizer Holdings Inc., Senior Notes

    6.375     7/15/26       560,000       602,462  (a)  

Spectrum Brands Inc., Senior Notes

    6.125     12/15/24       810,000       834,806  

Spectrum Brands Inc., Senior Notes

    5.750     7/15/25       1,210,000       1,250,535  

Total Household Products

                            3,096,761  

Total Consumer Staples

                            18,441,362  
Energy — 14.5%                                

Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels — 14.5%

                               

Apache Corp., Senior Notes

    5.100     9/1/40       1,480,000       1,328,300  

Berry Petroleum Co. LLC, Senior Notes

    7.000     2/15/26       385,000       300,708  (a)  

Blue Racer Midstream LLC/Blue Racer Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    6.125     11/15/22       1,710,000       1,671,995  (a)  

Continental Resources Inc., Senior Notes

    3.800     6/1/24       300,000       277,500  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   11


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2020

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels — continued

                               

Continental Resources Inc., Senior Notes

    4.375     1/15/28       220,000     $ 190,969  

Continental Resources Inc., Senior Notes

    4.900     6/1/44       1,050,000       793,102  

Ecopetrol SA, Senior Notes

    6.875     4/29/30       1,380,000       1,654,275  

EQM Midstream Partners LP, Senior Notes

    6.000     7/1/25       720,000       743,400  (a)  

EQM Midstream Partners LP, Senior Notes

    6.500     7/1/27       640,000       679,318  (a)  

EQT Corp., Senior Notes

    3.900     10/1/27       3,180,000       2,933,550  

EQT Corp., Senior Notes

    8.750     2/1/30       650,000       767,813  

Kinder Morgan Inc., Senior Notes

    7.750     1/15/32       6,920,000       9,646,047  

MEG Energy Corp., Secured Notes

    6.500     1/15/25       760,000       746,092  (a)  

MEG Energy Corp., Senior Notes

    7.000     3/31/24       2,550,000       2,377,875  (a)  

Montage Resources Corp., Senior Notes

    8.875     7/15/23       4,500,000       4,584,375  

NGPL PipeCo LLC, Senior Notes

    7.768     12/15/37       1,520,000       1,941,848  (a)  

Oasis Petroleum Inc., Senior Notes

    6.500     11/1/21       2,730,000       614,250  *(d)  

Oasis Petroleum Inc., Senior Notes

    6.875     3/15/22       250,000       60,000  *(d)  

Oasis Petroleum Inc., Senior Notes

    6.875     1/15/23       5,680,000       1,334,800  *(d) 

Occidental Petroleum Corp., Senior Notes

    2.900     8/15/24       1,330,000       1,130,899  

Occidental Petroleum Corp., Senior Notes

    5.550     3/15/26       750,000       680,498  

Occidental Petroleum Corp., Senior Notes

    6.625     9/1/30       4,970,000       4,594,144  

Occidental Petroleum Corp., Senior Notes

    6.200     3/15/40       1,070,000       889,277  

Petrobras Global Finance BV, Senior Notes

    5.999     1/27/28       2,650,000       2,947,595  

Petrobras Global Finance BV, Senior Notes

    5.750     2/1/29       10,740,000       11,865,015  

Petrobras Global Finance BV, Senior Notes

    6.750     1/27/41       5,120,000       5,632,051  

Range Resources Corp., Senior Notes

    5.000     8/15/22       405,000       391,969  

Range Resources Corp., Senior Notes

    5.000     3/15/23       750,000       713,906  

Range Resources Corp., Senior Notes

    4.875     5/15/25       790,000       715,029  

Range Resources Corp., Senior Notes

    9.250     2/1/26       6,445,000       6,633,323  (a)  

Rockies Express Pipeline LLC, Senior Notes

    7.500     7/15/38       1,080,000       1,150,200  (a)  

Rockies Express Pipeline LLC, Senior Notes

    6.875     4/15/40       1,140,000       1,180,812  (a)  

Targa Resources Partners LP/Targa Resources Partners Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    5.875     4/15/26       490,000       504,002  

Targa Resources Partners LP/Targa Resources Partners Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    6.500     7/15/27       670,000       700,150  

Targa Resources Partners LP/Targa Resources Partners Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    6.875     1/15/29       450,000       482,771  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

12    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


 

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels — continued

                               

Transportadora de Gas del Sur SA, Senior Notes

    6.750     5/2/25       2,420,000     $ 1,957,962  (a) 

Western Midstream Operating LP, Senior Notes

    5.050     2/1/30       2,900,000       2,826,340  

Western Midstream Operating LP, Senior Notes

    5.300     3/1/48       1,070,000       866,700  

Western Midstream Operating LP, Senior Notes

    6.250     2/1/50       9,585,000       8,895,263  

Williams Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    3.700     1/15/23       530,000       560,509  

Williams Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    4.550     6/24/24       1,030,000       1,141,981  

Williams Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    7.500     1/15/31       620,000       817,638  

Williams Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    5.750     6/24/44       3,190,000       3,773,062  

WPX Energy Inc., Senior Notes

    8.250     8/1/23       810,000       918,252  

YPF SA, Senior Notes

    8.500     7/28/25       1,600,000       1,166,480  (a)  

YPF SA, Senior Notes

    6.950     7/21/27       1,530,000       1,023,570  (a)  

Total Energy

                            96,805,615  
Financials — 15.2%                                

Banks — 10.2%

                               

Bank of America Corp., Junior Subordinated Notes (6.500% to 10/23/24 then 3 mo. USD LIBOR + 4.174%)

    6.500     10/23/24       1,760,000       1,956,943  (c)(e) 

Barclays Bank PLC, Subordinated Notes

    10.179     6/12/21       2,460,000       2,588,541 (a)  

Barclays Bank PLC, Subordinated Notes

    7.625     11/21/22       3,400,000       3,741,355  

Barclays PLC, Junior Subordinated Notes (8.000% to 6/15/24 then 5 year Treasury Constant Maturity Rate + 5.672%)

    8.000     6/15/24       1,700,000       1,811,372  (c)(e) 

BBVA Bancomer SA, Subordinated Notes (5.125% to 1/17/28 then 5 year Treasury Constant Maturity Rate + 2.650%)

    5.125     1/18/33       5,160,000       4,975,014  (a)(c) 

BNP Paribas SA, Junior Subordinated Notes (7.375% to 8/19/25 then USD 5 year ICE Swap Rate + 5.150%)

    7.375     8/19/25       1,470,000       1,638,234  (a)(c)(e) 

CIT Group Inc., Senior Notes

    5.000     8/15/22       1,000,000       1,031,440  

Citigroup Inc., Junior Subordinated Notes (5.950% to 5/15/25 then 3 mo. USD LIBOR + 3.905%)

    5.950     5/15/25       3,240,000       3,400,492  (c)(e) 

Citigroup Inc., Junior Subordinated Notes (6.300% to 5/15/24 then 3 mo. USD LIBOR + 3.423%)

    6.300     5/15/24       10,010,000       10,492,432  (c)(e) 

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   13


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2020

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Banks — continued

                               

Credit Agricole SA, Junior Subordinated Notes (8.125% to 12/23/25 then USD 5 year ICE Swap Rate + 6.185%)

    8.125     12/23/25       2,290,000     $ 2,699,434  (a)(c)(e) 

HSBC Holdings PLC, Junior Subordinated Notes (6.000% to 5/22/27 then USD 5 year ICE Swap Rate + 3.746%)

    6.000     5/22/27       2,080,000       2,133,737  (c)(e) 

HSBC Holdings PLC, Junior Subordinated Notes (6.500% to 3/23/28 then USD 5 year ICE Swap Rate + 3.606%)

    6.500     3/23/28       3,560,000       3,783,159  (c)(e) 

Intesa Sanpaolo SpA, Subordinated Notes

    5.017     6/26/24       7,700,000       8,099,066  (a)  

Intesa Sanpaolo SpA, Subordinated Notes

    5.710     1/15/26       4,610,000       5,031,903  (a)  

JPMorgan Chase & Co., Junior Subordinated Notes (6.000% to 8/1/23 then 3 mo. USD LIBOR + 3.300%)

    6.000     8/1/23       1,390,000       1,429,369  (c)(e) 

JPMorgan Chase & Co., Junior Subordinated Notes (6.100% to 10/1/24 then 3 mo. USD LIBOR + 3.330%)

    6.100     10/1/24       2,520,000       2,651,552  (c)(e) 

Natwest Group PLC, Junior Subordinated Notes (7.648% to 9/30/31 then 3 mo. USD LIBOR + 2.500%)

    7.648     9/30/31       1,880,000       2,871,550  (c)(e) 

Natwest Group PLC, Junior Subordinated Notes (8.625% to 8/15/21 then USD 5 year ICE Swap Rate + 7.598%)

    8.625     8/15/21       3,220,000       3,307,648  (c)(e) 

TC Ziraat Bankasi AS, Senior Notes

    5.125     9/29/23       2,040,000       1,915,111  (a)  

UniCredit SpA, Subordinated Notes (7.296% to 4/2/29 then USD 5 year ICE Swap Rate + 4.914%)

    7.296     4/2/34       2,270,000       2,612,066  (a)(c) 

Total Banks

                            68,170,418  

Capital Markets — 2.3%

                               

Credit Suisse Group AG, Junior Subordinated Notes (7.250% to 9/12/25 then 5 year Treasury Constant Maturity Rate + 4.332%)

    7.250     9/12/25       4,320,000       4,684,802  (a)(c)(e) 

Donnelley Financial Solutions Inc., Senior Notes

    8.250     10/15/24       1,680,000       1,765,924  

Goldman Sachs Group Inc., Subordinated Notes

    6.750     10/1/37       1,880,000       2,737,729  

UBS Group AG, Junior Subordinated Notes (7.000% to 1/31/24 then USD 5 year ICE Swap Rate + 4.344%)

    7.000     1/31/24       5,500,000       5,875,072  (a)(c)(e) 

Total Capital Markets

                            15,063,527  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

14    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


 

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Consumer Finance — 0.4%

                               

Navient Corp., Senior Notes

    5.875     10/25/24       1,080,000     $ 1,076,630  

Navient Corp., Senior Notes

    6.750     6/15/26       1,400,000       1,399,125  

Total Consumer Finance

                            2,475,755  

Diversified Financial Services — 2.1%

                               

AerCap Ireland Capital DAC/AerCap Global Aviation Trust, Senior Notes

    4.500     5/15/21       1,000,000       1,019,177  

AerCap Ireland Capital DAC/AerCap Global Aviation Trust, Senior Notes

    4.625     10/15/27       1,750,000       1,697,476  

DAE Funding LLC, Senior Notes

    4.500     8/1/22       3,663,000       3,630,949  (a)  

GE Capital International Funding Co. Unlimited Co., Senior Notes

    3.373     11/15/25       600,000       642,811  

Global Aircraft Leasing Co. Ltd., Senior Notes (6.500% Cash or 7.250% PIK)

    6.500     9/15/24       5,305,600       2,977,768  (a)(f)  

International Lease Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    8.250     12/15/20       3,675,000       3,728,408  

International Lease Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    5.875     8/15/22       600,000       642,317  

Total Diversified Financial Services

                            14,338,906  

Insurance — 0.2%

                               

MetLife Capital Trust IV, Junior Subordinated Notes

    7.875     12/15/37       1,010,000       1,395,289  (a)   

Total Financials

                            101,443,895  
Health Care — 8.0%                                

Health Care Providers & Services — 3.1%

                               

CHS/Community Health Systems Inc.,

                               

Senior Secured Notes

    8.000     3/15/26       1,300,000       1,279,200  (a)  

HCA Inc., Senior Notes

    7.690     6/15/25       490,000       577,536  

HCA Inc., Senior Notes

    7.500     11/15/95       6,265,000       7,795,508  

LifePoint Health Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    6.750     4/15/25       940,000       991,700  (a)  

Magellan Health Inc., Senior Notes

    4.900     9/22/24       4,105,000       4,239,870  

Tenet Healthcare Corp., Secured Notes

    6.250     2/1/27       2,500,000       2,584,012  (a)  

Tenet Healthcare Corp., Senior Secured Notes

    7.500     4/1/25       2,050,000       2,206,651  (a)  

Tenet Healthcare Corp., Senior Secured Notes

    4.625     6/15/28       700,000       711,393  (a)  

Total Health Care Providers & Services

                            20,385,870  

Pharmaceuticals — 4.9%

                               

Bausch Health Americas Inc., Senior Notes

    8.500     1/31/27       1,160,000       1,276,191  (a)  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   15


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2020

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
           Value  

Pharmaceuticals — continued

                                       

Bausch Health Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    5.875     5/15/23       88,000     $         87,628  (a)  

Bausch Health Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    6.125     4/15/25       7,140,000               7,316,715  (a) 

Bausch Health Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    9.000     12/15/25       2,200,000               2,398,660  (a) 

Bausch Health Cos. Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    7.000     3/15/24       700,000               725,200  (a)  

Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Co. BV, Senior Notes

    2.950     12/18/22       3,980,000               3,876,540  

Teva Pharmaceutical Finance IV BV, Senior Notes

    3.650     11/10/21       150,000               149,966  

Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Netherlands III BV, Senior Notes

    2.200     7/21/21       6,690,000               6,638,989  

Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Netherlands III BV, Senior Notes

    2.800     7/21/23       5,990,000               5,738,959  

Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Netherlands III BV, Senior Notes

    6.000     4/15/24       3,510,000               3,588,361  

Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Netherlands III BV, Senior Notes

    3.150     10/1/26       1,150,000               1,016,698  

Total Pharmaceuticals

                                    32,813,907  

Total Health Care

                                    53,199,777  
Industrials — 8.5%                                        

Aerospace & Defense — 0.6%

                                       

TransDigm Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    8.000     12/15/25       3,710,000               4,038,335  (a)  

Air Freight & Logistics — 0.1%

                                       

XPO Logistics Inc., Senior Notes

    6.500     6/15/22       776,000               779,667  (a)  

Airlines — 4.9%

                                       

Delta Air Lines Inc., Senior Notes

    3.400     4/19/21       300,000               298,856  

Delta Air Lines Inc., Senior Notes

    3.625     3/15/22       2,510,000               2,467,346  

Delta Air Lines Inc., Senior Notes

    3.800     4/19/23       5,540,000               5,368,596  

Delta Air Lines Inc., Senior Notes

    2.900     10/28/24       2,580,000               2,303,726  

Delta Air Lines Inc., Senior Notes

    7.375     1/15/26       720,000               755,946  

Delta Air Lines Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    7.000     5/1/25       6,530,000               7,179,993  (a) 

Delta Air Lines Inc./SkyMiles IP Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    4.750     10/20/28       960,000               998,173  (a)  

Delta Air Lines Pass-Through Certificates Trust

    8.021     8/10/22       320,886               302,548  

Mileage Plus Holdings LLC/Mileage Plus Intellectual Property Assets Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    6.500     6/20/27       2,620,000               2,734,625  (a) 

Spirit Loyalty Cayman Ltd./Spirit IP Cayman Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    8.000     9/20/25       5,610,000               5,950,920  (a) 

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

16    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


 

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Security   Rate    

Maturity

Date

   

Face

Amount†

    Value  

Airlines — continued

                               

United Airlines Holdings Inc., Senior Notes

    4.250     10/1/22       3,830,000     $ 3,547,537  

United Airlines Holdings Inc., Senior Notes

    5.000     2/1/24       800,000       701,500  

Total Airlines

                            32,609,766  

Building Products — 1.0%

                               

Standard Industries Inc., Senior Notes

    5.000     2/15/27       4,751,000       4,954,842  (a) 

Standard Industries Inc., Senior Notes

    4.750     1/15/28       1,845,000       1,918,800  (a) 

Total Building Products

                            6,873,642  

Commercial Services & Supplies — 0.3%

                               

GFL Environmental Inc., Senior Notes

    8.500     5/1/27       1,782,000       1,936,811  (a)  

Industrial Conglomerates — 0.1%

                               

General Electric Co., Junior Subordinated Notes (5.000% to 1/21/21 then 3 mo. USD LIBOR + 3.330%)

    5.000     1/21/21       600,000       479,027  (c)(e)  

Machinery — 0.6%

                               

Allison Transmission Inc., Senior Notes

    4.750     10/1/27       1,985,000       2,048,272  (a) 

Clark Equipment Co., Senior Secured Notes

    5.875     6/1/25       1,970,000       2,048,800  (a) 

Total Machinery

                            4,097,072  

Trading Companies & Distributors — 0.9%

                               

United Rentals North America Inc., Senior Notes

    5.500     5/15/27       750,000       797,344  

United Rentals North America Inc., Senior Notes

    4.875     1/15/28       5,155,000       5,419,194  

Total Trading Companies & Distributors

                            6,216,538  

Total Industrials

                            57,030,858  
Information Technology — 1.6%                                

Communications Equipment — 0.7%

                               

CommScope Inc., Senior Notes

    8.250     3/1/27       4,760,000       4,956,374  (a) 

CommScope Technologies LLC, Senior Notes

    6.000     6/15/25       66,000       66,983  (a) 

Total Communications Equipment

                            5,023,357  

Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment — 0.1%

 

                       

Sensata Technologies UK Financing Co. PLC, Senior Notes

    6.250     2/15/26       350,000       367,281  (a)  

Software — 0.0%††

                               

Interface Special Holdings Inc., Senior Notes (19.000% PIK)

    19.000     11/1/23       2,610,297       39,155  (a)(f)(g)(h)  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   17


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2020

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals — 0.8%

 

                       

Dell International LLC/EMC Corp., Senior Notes

    7.125     6/15/24       1,040,000     $ 1,082,838  (a) 

Seagate HDD Cayman, Senior Notes

    4.750     6/1/23       1,370,000       1,490,458  

Seagate HDD Cayman, Senior Notes

    4.750     1/1/25       670,000       736,425  

Seagate HDD Cayman, Senior Notes

    4.875     6/1/27       400,000       448,951  

Western Digital Corp., Senior Notes

    4.750     2/15/26       1,439,000       1,560,423  

Total Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals

 

                    5,319,095  

Total Information Technology

                            10,748,888  
Materials — 5.8%                                

Chemicals — 0.1%

                               

Anagram International Inc./Anagram Holdings LLC, Secured Notes (5.000% Cash and 5.000% PIK)

    10.000     8/15/26       675,311       580,767  (a)(f)  

Containers & Packaging — 1.9%

                               

ARD Finance SA, Senior Secured Notes (6.500% Cash or 7.250% PIK)

    6.500     6/30/27       2,073,000       2,064,812  (a)(f) 

Ardagh Packaging Finance PLC/Ardagh Holdings USA Inc., Senior Notes

    6.000     2/15/25       6,185,000       6,428,071  (a) 

Ardagh Packaging Finance PLC/Ardagh Holdings USA Inc., Senior Notes

    5.250     8/15/27       1,620,000       1,652,400  (a) 

Greif Inc., Senior Notes

    6.500     3/1/27       1,583,000       1,642,924  (a) 

Trivium Packaging Finance BV, Senior Notes

    8.500     8/15/27       980,000       1,058,400  (a) 

Total Containers & Packaging

                            12,846,607  

Metals & Mining — 3.5%

                               

ArcelorMittal SA, Senior Notes

    7.250     10/15/39       2,960,000       3,744,399  

First Quantum Minerals Ltd., Senior Notes

    7.250     4/1/23       2,710,000       2,710,745  (a) 

First Quantum Minerals Ltd., Senior Notes

    6.875     3/1/26       500,000       482,813  (a) 

Freeport-McMoRan Inc., Senior Notes

    3.550     3/1/22       550,000       560,695  

Freeport-McMoRan Inc., Senior Notes

    3.875     3/15/23       730,000       753,513  

Freeport-McMoRan Inc., Senior Notes

    4.550     11/14/24       1,530,000       1,648,246  

Freeport-McMoRan Inc., Senior Notes

    5.400     11/14/34       1,430,000       1,584,619  

Freeport-McMoRan Inc., Senior Notes

    5.450     3/15/43       4,280,000       4,753,539  

Fresnillo PLC, Senior Notes

    4.250     10/2/50       1,400,000       1,381,366  (a) 

Teck Resources Ltd., Senior Notes

    6.000     8/15/40       1,050,000       1,192,538  

Vale Overseas Ltd., Senior Notes

    6.875     11/21/36       2,320,000       3,023,041  

Vale Overseas Ltd., Senior Notes

    6.875     11/10/39       1,500,000       1,976,925  

Total Metals & Mining

                            23,812,439  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

18    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


 

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Paper & Forest Products — 0.3%

                               

Mercer International Inc., Senior Notes

    7.375     1/15/25       1,820,000     $ 1,846,162  

Total Materials

                            39,085,975  
Real Estate — 0.6%                                

Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) — 0.6%

 

                       

CoreCivic Inc., Senior Notes

    4.750     10/15/27       880,000       746,377  

Diversified Healthcare Trust, Senior Notes

    9.750     6/15/25       700,000       779,548  

MPT Operating Partnership LP/MPT Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    6.375     3/1/24       820,000       843,423  

Park Intermediate Holdings LLC/PK Domestic Property LLC/PK Finance Co-Issuer, Senior Secured Notes

    5.875     10/1/28       1,400,000       1,400,000  (a) 

Total Real Estate

                            3,769,348  
Utilities — 1.0%                                

Electric Utilities — 0.4%

                               

Pampa Energia SA, Senior Notes

    7.375     7/21/23       1,400,000       1,198,890  (b) 

Pampa Energia SA, Senior Notes

    7.500     1/24/27       2,280,000       1,717,125  (a) 

Total Electric Utilities

                            2,916,015  

Gas Utilities — 0.6%

                               

Suburban Propane Partners LP/Suburban Energy Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    5.875     3/1/27       3,750,000       3,864,844  

Total Utilities

                            6,780,859  

Total Corporate Bonds & Notes (Cost — $536,856,060)

 

            599,518,626  
Senior Loans — 4.6%                                
Communication Services — 0.2%                                

Media — 0.2%

                               

iHeartCommunications Inc., New Term Loan (1 mo. USD LIBOR + 3.000%)

    3.147     5/1/26       1,339,106       1,273,490  (c)(i)(j)  
Consumer Discretionary — 1.5%                                

Hotels, Restaurants & Leisure — 0.5%

                               

1011778 BC Unlimited Liability Co., Term Loan B4 (1 mo. USD LIBOR + 1.750%)

    1.897     11/19/26       1,016,081       978,613  (c)(i)(j) 

Caesars Resort Collection LLC, Term Loan B (1 mo. USD LIBOR + 2.750%)

    2.897     12/23/24       2,166,582       2,036,286  (c)(i)(j) 

Total Hotels, Restaurants & Leisure

                            3,014,899  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   19


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2020

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Specialty Retail — 1.0%

                               

Party City Holdings Inc., 2018 Replacement Term Loan

    3.250     8/19/22       908,431     $ 747,185  (c)(i)(j) 

PetSmart Inc., Term Loan B2 (3 mo. USD LIBOR + 4.000%)

    5.000     3/11/22       6,100,551       6,094,017  (c)(i)(j) 

Total Specialty Retail

                            6,841,202  

Total Consumer Discretionary

                            9,856,101  
Energy — 0.4%                                

Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels — 0.4%

                               

Chesapeake Energy Corp., Term Loan A (3 mo. USD LIBOR + 8.000%)

    9.000     6/24/24       3,740,000       2,674,100   *(c)(d)(i)(j) 
Industrials — 2.5%                                

Airlines — 2.5%

                               

Delta Air Lines Inc., Initial Term Loan (3 mo. USD LIBOR + 4.750%)

    5.750     4/27/23       7,246,838       7,246,011  (c)(i)(j)(k) 

Delta Air Lines Inc./SkyMiles IP Ltd., Initial Term Loan

          10/20/27       1,860,000       1,878,310  (k) 

JetBlue Airways Corp., Term Loan (3 mo. USD LIBOR + 5.250%)

    6.250     6/17/24       1,984,875       1,973,462  (c)(i)(j) 

Mileage Plus Holdings Inc., Initial Term Loan (3 mo. USD LIBOR + 5.250%)

    6.250     6/20/27       2,210,000       2,250,229  (c)(i)(j) 

United Airlines Inc., Refinanced Term Loan (1 mo. USD LIBOR + 1.750%)

    1.895     4/1/24       3,740,310       3,506,541  (c)(i)(j)(k) 

Total Industrials

                            16,854,553  

Total Senior Loans (Cost — $30,880,491)

                            30,658,244  
Sovereign Bonds — 2.8%                                

Argentina — 0.4%

                               

Argentine Republic Government

                               

International Bond, Senior Notes

    1.000     7/9/29       280,364       128,547  

Argentine Republic Government International Bond, Senior Notes

    0.125     7/9/30       4,988,400       2,107,599  

Provincia de Buenos Aires, Senior Notes

    9.950     6/9/21       810,000       326,025  *(a)(d) 

Total Argentina

                            2,562,171  

Brazil — 0.2%

                               

Brazil Notas do Tesouro Nacional Serie F, Notes

    10.000     1/1/21       4,344,000  BRL      788,211  

Brazil Notas do Tesouro Nacional Serie F, Notes

    10.000     1/1/23       3,530,000  BRL      698,341  

Brazil Notas do Tesouro Nacional Serie F, Notes

    10.000     1/1/27       274,000  BRL      55,526  

Total Brazil

                            1,542,078  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

20    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


 

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
   

Face

Amount†

    Value  

Ghana — 0.3%

                               

Ghana Government International Bond, Senior Notes

    7.625     5/16/29       2,460,000     $ 2,234,603  (a)  

Indonesia — 0.8%

                               

Indonesia Treasury Bond, Senior Notes

    8.250     7/15/21       11,280,000,000 IDR      785,241  

Indonesia Treasury Bond, Senior Notes

    7.000     5/15/22       60,246,000,000 IDR      4,217,625  

Total Indonesia

                            5,002,866  

Russia — 0.9%

                               

Russian Federal Bond — OFZ

    7.000     1/25/23       110,080,000 RUB      1,485,488  

Russian Federal Bond — OFZ

    7.750     9/16/26       315,370,000 RUB      4,488,762  

Total Russia

                            5,974,250  

Ukraine — 0.2%

                               

Ukraine Government International Bond, Senior Notes

    7.375     9/25/32       1,250,000       1,177,769  (a)  

Total Sovereign Bonds (Cost — $19,651,432)

 

                    18,493,737  
Convertible Bonds & Notes — 0.6%                                
Communication Services — 0.6%                                

Media — 0.6%

                               

DISH Network Corp., Senior Notes (Cost — $3,813,119)

    3.375     8/15/26       4,660,000       4,289,514  
                   Shares         
Preferred Stocks — 0.5%                                
Financials — 0.5%                                

Banks — 0.5%

                               

GMAC Capital Trust I (3 mo. USD LIBOR + 5.785%) (Cost — $3,251,012)

    6.065             130,709       3,263,804  (c) 
            Maturity
Date
   

Face

Amount†

        
U.S. Government & Agency Obligations — 0.2%

 

                       

U.S. Government Obligations — 0.2%

                               

U.S. Treasury Notes (Cost — $1,587,965)

    1.500     1/31/27       1,500,000       1,603,711  
                   Shares         
Common Stocks — 0.1%                                
Consumer Discretionary — 0.1%                                

Specialty Retail — 0.1%

                               

Party City Holdings Inc.

                    127,129       330,535   *(g) 

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   21


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2020

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Security                 Shares     Value  
Energy — 0.0%††                                

Energy Equipment & Services — 0.0%††

                               

Hercules Offshore Inc. (Escrow)

                    87,452     $ 66,719  *(g)(h) 

KCAD Holdings I Ltd.

                    427,421,041       0  *(g)(h)(l) 

Total Energy Equipment & Services

                            66,719  

Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels — 0.0%††

                               

MWO Holdings LLC

                    848       86,818   *(g)(h) 

Total Energy

                            153,537  

Total Common Stocks (Cost — $7,613,275)

                            484,072  
     Rate     Maturity
Date
   

Face

Amount†

        
Non-U.S. Treasury Inflation Protected Securities — 0.0%††

 

               

Argentina — 0.0%††

                               

Argentina Treasury Bond (Cost — $91,057)

    1.000     8/5/21       12,806,965  ARS      88,083  (g) 

Total Investments before Short-Term Investments (Cost — $603,744,411)

 

    658,399,791  
                   Shares         
Short-Term Investments — 1.6%                                

Dreyfus Government Cash Management, Institutional Shares (Cost — $10,534,524)

    0.019             10,534,524       10,534,524  

Total Investments — 100.1% (Cost — $614,278,935)

 

                    668,934,315  

Liabilities in Excess of Other Assets — (0.1)%

                            (712,128

Total Net Assets — 100.0%

                          $ 668,222,187  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

22    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


 

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Face amount denominated in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted. †† Represents less than 0.1%.

 

*

Non-income producing security.

 

(a)

Security is exempt from registration under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933. This security may be resold in transactions that are exempt from registration, normally to qualified institutional buyers. This security has been deemed liquid pursuant to guidelines approved by the Board of Directors.

(b)

Security is exempt from registration under Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933. Regulation S applies to securities offerings that are made outside of the United States and do not involve direct selling efforts in the United States. This security has been deemed liquid pursuant to guidelines approved by the Board of Directors.

(c)

Variable rate security. Interest rate disclosed is as of the most recent information available. Certain variable rate securities are not based on a published reference rate and spread but are determined by the issuer or agent and are based on current market conditions. These securities do not indicate a reference rate and spread in their description above.

(d)

The coupon payment on this security is currently in default as of September 30, 2020.

 

(e)

Security has no maturity date. The date shown represents the next call date.

 

(f)

Payment-in-kind security for which the issuer has the option at each interest payment date of making interest payments in cash or additional securities.

(g)

Security is valued in good faith in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Directors (Note 1).

 

(h)

Security is valued using significant unobservable inputs (Note 1).

 

(i)

Interest rates disclosed represent the effective rates on senior loans. Ranges in interest rates are attributable to multiple contracts under the same loan.

 

(j)

Senior loans may be considered restricted in that the Fund ordinarily is contractually obligated to receive approval from the agent bank and/or borrower prior to the disposition of a senior loan.

 

(k)

All or a portion of this loan is unfunded as of September 30, 2020. The interest rate for fully unfunded term loans is to be determined.

 

(l)

Value is less than $1.

 

Abbreviation(s) used in this schedule:

ARS   — Argentine Peso
BRL   — Brazilian Real
GBP   — British Pound
ICE   — Intercontinental Exchange
IDR   — Indonesian Rupiah
LIBOR   — London Interbank Offered Rate
OFZ   — Obligatsyi Federal’novo Zaima (Russian Federal Loan Obligation)
OJSC   — Open Joint Stock Company
PIK   — Payment-In-Kind
RUB   — Russian Ruble
USD   — United States Dollar

At September 30, 2020, the Fund had the following open forward foreign currency contracts:

 

Currency

Purchased

   

Currency

Sold

    Counterparty  

Settlement

Date

   

Unrealized

Depreciation

 
USD     483,370     EUR     430,000     BNP Paribas SA     10/16/20     $ (20,950)  
USD     495,315     EUR     440,000     BNP Paribas SA     10/16/20       (20,734)  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   23


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2020

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Currency

Purchased

   

Currency

Sold

    Counterparty   Settlement
Date
    Unrealized
Depreciation
 
USD     496,605     EUR     440,000     BNP Paribas SA     10/16/20     $ (19,443)  
USD     745,507     EUR     660,174     BNP Paribas SA     10/16/20       (28,770)  
USD     2,429,648     GBP     1,946,691     Citibank N.A.     10/16/20       (82,467)  
Total                                   $ (172,364)  

 

Abbreviation(s) used in this table:

EUR   — Euro
GBP   — British Pound
USD   — United States Dollar

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

24    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


Statement of assets and liabilities

September 30, 2020

 

Assets:         

Investments, at value (Cost — $614,278,935)

   $ 668,934,315  

Foreign currency, at value (Cost — $3,571,472)

     3,576,255  

Cash

     53,539  

Interest receivable

     9,316,943  

Receivable for securities sold

     4,079,166  

Security litigation proceeds receivable

     35,092  

Prepaid expenses

     24,384  

Total Assets

     686,019,694  
Liabilities:         

Payable for securities purchased

     12,782,875  

Distributions payable

     4,120,966  

Investment management fee payable

     429,857  

Unrealized depreciation on forward foreign currency contracts

     172,364  

Directors’ fees payable

     36,030  

Accrued expenses

     255,415  

Total Liabilities

     17,797,507  
Total Net Assets    $ 668,222,187  
Net Assets:         

Par value ($0.001 par value; 126,798,953 shares issued and outstanding; 500,000,000 shares authorized)

   $ 126,799  

Paid-in capital in excess of par value

     775,932,207  

Total distributable earnings (loss)

     (107,836,819)  
Total Net Assets    $ 668,222,187  
Shares Outstanding      126,798,953  
Net Asset Value      $5.27  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   25


Statement of operations

For the Year Ended September 30, 2020

 

Investment Income:         

Interest

   $ 49,188,593  

Dividends

     237,364  

Less: Foreign taxes withheld

     (38,952)  

Total Investment Income

     49,387,005  
Expenses:         

Investment management fee (Note 2)

     5,389,523  

Transfer agent fees

     461,184  

Legal fees

     412,132  

Directors’ fees

     245,757  

Stock exchange listing fees

     76,330  

Audit and tax fees

     53,686  

Shareholder reports

     35,780  

Custody fees

     31,491  

Insurance

     9,584  

Fund accounting fees

     8,000  

Interest expense

     3,078  

Miscellaneous expenses

     106,469  

Total Expenses

     6,833,014  

Less: Fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements (Note 2)

     (192,145)  

Net Expenses

     6,640,869  
Net Investment Income      42,746,136  
Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments, Futures Contracts, Forward   
Foreign Currency Contracts and Foreign Currency Transactions (Notes 1, 3 and 4):         

Net Realized Gain (Loss) From:

        

Investment transactions

     (33,226,229)  

Futures contracts

     (941,627)  

Forward foreign currency contracts

     344,607  

Foreign currency transactions

     (166,268)  

Net Realized Loss

     (33,989,517)  

Change in Net Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) From:

        

Investments

     9,795,757  

Forward foreign currency contracts

     (457,114)  

Foreign currencies

     57,984  

Change in Net Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation)

     9,396,627  
Net Loss on Investments, Futures Contracts, Forward Foreign Currency Contracts and Foreign Currency Transactions      (24,592,890)  
Increase in Net Assets From Operations    $ 18,153,246  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

26    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


Statements of changes in net assets

 

    

 

For the Years Ended September 30,    2020      2019  
Operations:                  

Net investment income

   $ 42,746,136      $ 44,685,776  

Net realized loss

     (33,989,517)        (25,162,736)  

Change in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation)

     9,396,627        29,472,250  

Increase in Net Assets From Operations

     18,153,246        48,995,290  
Distributions to Shareholders From (Note 1):                  

Total distributable earnings

     (39,482,188)        (43,291,325)  

Return of capital

     (9,354,366)         

Decrease in Net Assets From Distributions to Shareholders

     (48,836,554)        (43,291,325)  
Fund Share Transactions:                  

Cost of shares repurchased (1,150,582 and 1,186,747 shares repurchased, respectively) (Note 6)

     (4,227,008)        (5,381,207)  

Decrease in Net Assets From Fund Share Transactions

     (4,227,008)        (5,381,207)  
Capital Contributions:                  

Capital contributions

     20,487         

Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets

     (34,889,829)        322,758  
Net Assets:                  

Beginning of year

     703,112,016        702,789,258  

End of year

   $ 668,222,187      $ 703,112,016  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   27


Financial highlights

 

For a share of capital stock outstanding throughout each year ended September 30:

 

     20201     20191     20181     20171     20161  
Net asset value, beginning of year     $5.50       $5.44       $5.65       $5.55       $5.47  
Income (loss) from operations:          

Net investment income

    0.34       0.35       0.33       0.35       0.39  

Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)

    (0.20)       0.04       (0.21)       0.12       0.12  

Total income from operations

    0.14       0.39       0.12       0.47       0.51  
Less distributions from:          

Net investment income

    (0.31)       (0.34)       (0.33)       (0.36)       (0.43)  

Return of capital

    (0.07)                   (0.01)        

Total distributions

    (0.38)       (0.34)       (0.33)       (0.37)       (0.43)  

Anti-dilutive impact of repurchase plan

    0.01 2       0.01 2       0.00 2,3             

Capital contributions

    0.00 3                          
Net asset value, end of year     $5.27       $5.50       $5.44       $5.65       $5.55  
Market price, end of year     $4.90       $5.05       $4.76       $5.13       $5.05  

Total return, based on NAV4,5

    3.13 %6      7.63     2.15     8.81     9.99

Total return, based on Market Price7

    5.05     13.72     (0.84)     9.28     17.69
Net assets, end of year (millions)     $668       $703       $703       $730       $717  
Ratios to average net assets:          

Gross expenses

    1.01 %8      0.88     0.89     0.92 %9      0.97 %9 

Net expenses

    0.99 8,10      0.86 10      0.89       0.92 9       0.97 9  

Net investment income

    6.35       6.46       6.00       6.19       7.29  
Portfolio turnover rate     63     83     104     79     67

 

1

Per share amounts have been calculated using the average shares method.

 

2

The repurchase plan was completed at an average repurchase price of $3.67 for 1,150,582 shares and $4,227,008 for the year ended September 30, 2020, an average repurchase price of $4.53 for 1,186,747 shares and $5,381,207 for the year ended September 30, 2019 and an average repurchase price of $4.82 for 95,929 shares and $462,283 for the year ended September 30, 2018.

3

Amount represents less than $0.005 per share.

 

4

Performance figures may reflect compensating balance arrangements, fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements. In the absence of compensating balance arrangements, fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements, the total return would have been lower. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

5

The total return calculation assumes that distributions are reinvested at NAV. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

 

6

Includes the effect of a capital contribution. Absent the capital contribution, the total return would have been unchanged.

 

7

The total return calculation assumes that distributions are reinvested in accordance with the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

 

8

Included in the expense ratios are certain non-recurring legal and transfer agent fees that were incurred by the Fund during the period. Without these fees, the gross and net expense ratios would have been 0.92% and 0.90%, respectively.

 

9

Included in the expense ratios are certain non-recurring reorganization fees that were incurred by the Fund during the period. Without these fees, the gross and net expense ratios would both have been 0.90% and 0.93% for the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

 

10 

Reflects fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements.

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

28    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


Notes to financial statements

 

1. Organization and significant accounting policies

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. (the “Fund”) was incorporated in Maryland and is registered as a diversified, closed-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Fund seeks high current income. Capital appreciation is a secondary objective. In seeking to fulfill its investment objectives, the Fund invests, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets in high-yield securities and up to 20% in common stock equivalents, including options, warrants and rights. On October 31, 2019, April 1, 2020 and August 13, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Fund approved amendments to the Fund’s bylaws. The amended and restated bylaws were subsequently filed on Form 8-K and are available on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at www.sec.gov.

The following are significant accounting policies consistently followed by the Fund and are in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Estimates and assumptions are required to be made regarding assets, liabilities and changes in net assets resulting from operations when financial statements are prepared. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets and any other parameters used in determining these estimates could cause actual results to differ. Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date the financial statements were issued.

(a) Investment valuation. The valuations for fixed income securities (which may include, but are not limited to, corporate, government, municipal, mortgage-backed, collateralized mortgage obligations and asset-backed securities) and certain derivative instruments are typically the prices supplied by independent third party pricing services, which may use market prices or broker/dealer quotations or a variety of valuation techniques and methodologies. The independent third party pricing services use inputs that are observable such as issuer details, interest rates, yield curves, prepayment speeds, credit risks/spreads, default rates and quoted prices for similar securities. Investments in open-end funds are valued at the closing net asset value per share of each fund on the day of valuation. Futures contracts are valued daily at the settlement price established by the board of trade or exchange on which they are traded. Equity securities for which market quotations are available are valued at the last reported sales price or official closing price on the primary market or exchange on which they trade. When the Fund holds securities or other assets that are denominated in a foreign currency, the Fund will normally use the currency exchange rates as of 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time). If independent third party pricing services are unable to supply prices for a portfolio investment, or if the prices supplied are deemed by the manager to be unreliable, the market price may be determined by the manager using quotations from one or more broker/dealers or at the transaction price if the security has recently been purchased and no value has yet been obtained from a pricing service or pricing broker. When reliable prices are not readily available, such as when the value of a security has been significantly affected by events after the close of the exchange or market on which the security is principally traded, but before the Fund calculates its net asset

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   29


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

value, the Fund values these securities as determined in accordance with procedures approved by the Fund’s Board of Directors.

The Board of Directors is responsible for the valuation process and has delegated the supervision of the daily valuation process to the Legg Mason North Atlantic Fund Valuation Committee (the “Valuation Committee”). The Valuation Committee, pursuant to the policies adopted by the Board of Directors, is responsible for making fair value determinations, evaluating the effectiveness of the Fund’s pricing policies, and reporting to the Board of Directors. When determining the reliability of third party pricing information for investments owned by the Fund, the Valuation Committee, among other things, conducts due diligence reviews of pricing vendors, monitors the daily change in prices and reviews transactions among market participants.

The Valuation Committee will consider pricing methodologies it deems relevant and appropriate when making fair value determinations. Examples of possible methodologies include, but are not limited to, multiple of earnings; discount from market of a similar freely traded security; discounted cash-flow analysis; book value or a multiple thereof; risk premium/yield analysis; yield to maturity; and/or fundamental investment analysis. The Valuation Committee will also consider factors it deems relevant and appropriate in light of the facts and circumstances. Examples of possible factors include, but are not limited to, the type of security; the issuer’s financial statements; the purchase price of the security; the discount from market value of unrestricted securities of the same class at the time of purchase; analysts’ research and observations from financial institutions; information regarding any transactions or offers with respect to the security; the existence of merger proposals or tender offers affecting the security; the price and extent of public trading in similar securities of the issuer or comparable companies; and the existence of a shelf registration for restricted securities.

For each portfolio security that has been fair valued pursuant to the policies adopted by the Board of Directors, the fair value price is compared against the last available and next available market quotations. The Valuation Committee reviews the results of such back testing monthly and fair valuation occurrences are reported to the Board of Directors quarterly.

The Fund uses valuation techniques to measure fair value that are consistent with the market approach and/or income approach, depending on the type of security and the particular circumstance. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable securities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to discount estimated future cash flows to present value.

 

30    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


GAAP establishes a disclosure hierarchy that categorizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to value assets and liabilities at measurement date. These inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below:

 

 

Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical investments

 

 

Level 2 — other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar investments, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.)

 

 

Level 3 — significant unobservable inputs (including the Fund’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments)

The inputs or methodologies used to value securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities.

The following is a summary of the inputs used in valuing the Fund’s assets and liabilities carried at fair value:

 

      ASSETS  
Description    Quoted
Prices
(Level 1)
     Other Significant
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
    

Significant
Unobservable Inputs

(Level 3)

     Total  
Long-Term Investments†:                                    

Corporate Bonds & Notes:

                                   

Information Technology

          $ 10,709,733      $ 39,155      $ 10,748,888  

Other Corporate Bonds & Notes

            588,769,738               588,769,738  

Senior Loans

            30,658,244               30,658,244  

Sovereign Bonds

            18,493,737               18,493,737  

Convertible Bonds & Notes

            4,289,514               4,289,514  

Preferred Stocks

   $ 3,263,804                      3,263,804  

U.S. Government & Agency Obligations

            1,603,711               1,603,711  

Common Stocks:

                                   

Consumer Discretionary

            330,535               330,535  

Energy

                   153,537        153,537  

Non-U.S. Treasury Inflation Protected Securities

            88,083               88,083  
Total Long-Term Investments      3,263,804        654,943,295        192,692        658,399,791  
Short-Term Investments†      10,534,524                      10,534,524  
Total Investments    $ 13,798,328      $ 654,943,295      $ 192,692      $ 668,934,315  

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   31


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

LIABILITIES  
Description    Quoted Prices
(Level 1)
     Other Significant
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
    

Significant
Unobservable Inputs

(Level 3)

     Total  
Other Financial Instruments:                                    

Forward Foreign Currency Contracts

          $ 172,364             $ 172,364  

 

  

See Schedule of Investments for additional detailed categorizations.

(b) Futures contracts. The Fund uses futures contracts generally to gain exposure to, or hedge against, changes in interest rates or gain exposure to, or hedge against, changes in certain asset classes. A futures contract represents a commitment for the future purchase or sale of an asset at a specified price on a specified date.

Upon entering into a futures contract, the Fund is required to deposit cash or securities with a broker in an amount equal to a certain percentage of the contract amount. This is known as the ‘‘initial margin’’ and subsequent payments (‘‘variation margin’’) are made or received by the Fund each day, depending on the daily fluctuation in the value of the contract. For certain futures, including foreign denominated futures, variation margin is not settled daily, but is recorded as a net variation margin payable or receivable. The daily changes in contract value are recorded as unrealized gains or losses in the Statement of Operations and the Fund recognizes a realized gain or loss when the contract is closed.

Futures contracts involve, to varying degrees, risk of loss in excess of the amounts reflected in the financial statements. In addition, there is the risk that the Fund may not be able to enter into a closing transaction because of an illiquid secondary market.

(c) Forward foreign currency contracts. The Fund enters into a forward foreign currency contract to hedge against foreign currency exchange rate risk on its non-U.S. dollar denominated securities or to facilitate settlement of a foreign currency denominated portfolio transaction. A forward foreign currency contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell a currency at a set price with delivery and settlement at a future date. The contract is marked-to-market daily and the change in value is recorded by the Fund as an unrealized gain or loss. When a forward foreign currency contract is closed, through either delivery or offset by entering into another forward foreign currency contract, the Fund recognizes a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the value of the contract at the time it was opened and the value of the contract at the time it is closed.

Non-deliverable forward foreign currency exchange contracts are settled with the counterparty in cash without the delivery of foreign currency.

Forward foreign currency contracts involve elements of market risk in excess of the amounts reflected on the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. The Fund bears the risk of an unfavorable change in the foreign exchange rate underlying the forward foreign currency

 

32    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


contract. Risks may also arise upon entering into these contracts from the potential inability of the counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts.

(d) Loan participations. The Fund may invest in loans arranged through private negotiation between one or more financial institutions. The Fund’s investment in any such loan may be in the form of a participation in or an assignment of the loan. In connection with purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement related to the loan, or any rights of off-set against the borrower and the Fund may not benefit directly from any collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation.

The Fund assumes the credit risk of the borrower, the lender that is selling the participation and any other persons interpositioned between the Fund and the borrower. In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling the participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the lender and may not benefit from any off-set between the lender and the borrower.

(e) Unfunded loan commitments. The Fund may enter into certain credit agreements where all or a portion of the total amount committed may be unfunded. The Fund is obligated to fund these commitments at the borrower’s discretion. The commitments are disclosed in the accompanying Schedule of Investments. At September 30, 2020, the Fund had sufficient cash and/or securities to cover these commitments.

(f) Repurchase agreements. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with institutions that its subadviser has determined are creditworthy. Each repurchase agreement is recorded at cost. Under the terms of a typical repurchase agreement, the Fund acquires a debt security subject to an obligation of the seller to repurchase, and of the Fund to resell, the security at an agreed-upon price and time, thereby determining the yield during the Fund’s holding period. When entering into repurchase agreements, it is the Fund’s policy that its custodian or a third party custodian, acting on the Fund’s behalf, take possession of the underlying collateral securities, the market value of which, at all times, at least equals the principal amount of the repurchase transaction, including accrued interest. To the extent that any repurchase transaction maturity exceeds one business day, the value of the collateral is marked-to-market and measured against the value of the agreement in an effort to ensure the adequacy of the collateral. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund generally has the right to use the collateral to satisfy the terms of the repurchase transaction. However, if the market value of the collateral declines during the period in which the Fund seeks to assert its rights or if bankruptcy proceedings are commenced with respect to the seller of the security, realization of the collateral by the Fund may be delayed or limited.

(g) Foreign currency translation. Investment securities and other assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollar amounts based upon prevailing exchange rates on the date of valuation. Purchases and sales of investment

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   33


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

securities and income and expense items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollar amounts based upon prevailing exchange rates on the respective dates of such transactions.

The Fund does not isolate that portion of the results of operations resulting from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on investments from the fluctuations arising from changes in market prices of securities held. Such fluctuations are included with the net realized and unrealized gain or loss on investments.

Net realized foreign exchange gains or losses arise from sales of foreign currencies, including gains and losses on forward foreign currency contracts, currency gains or losses realized between the trade and settlement dates on securities transactions, and the difference between the amounts of dividends, interest, and foreign withholding taxes recorded on the Fund’s books and the U.S. dollar equivalent of the amounts actually received or paid. Net unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses arise from changes in the values of assets and liabilities, other than investments in securities, on the date of valuation, resulting from changes in exchange rates.

Foreign security and currency transactions may involve certain considerations and risks not typically associated with those of U.S. dollar denominated transactions as a result of, among other factors, the possibility of lower levels of governmental supervision and regulation of foreign securities markets and the possibility of political or economic instability.

(h) Credit and market risk. The Fund invests in high-yield and emerging market instruments that are subject to certain credit and market risks. The yields of high-yield and emerging market debt obligations reflect, among other things, perceived credit and market risks. The Fund’s investments in securities rated below investment grade typically involve risks not associated with higher rated securities including, among others, greater risk related to timely and ultimate payment of interest and principal, greater market price volatility and less liquid secondary market trading. The consequences of political, social, economic or diplomatic changes may have disruptive effects on the market prices of investments held by the Fund. The Fund’s investments in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities may also result in foreign currency losses caused by devaluations and exchange rate fluctuations.

(i) Foreign investment risks. The Fund’s investments in foreign securities may involve risks not present in domestic investments. Since securities may be denominated in foreign currencies, may require settlement in foreign currencies or pay interest or dividends in foreign currencies, changes in the relationship of these foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar can significantly affect the value of the investments and earnings of the Fund. Foreign investments may also subject the Fund to foreign government exchange restrictions, expropriation, taxation or other political, social or economic developments, all of which affect the market and/or credit risk of the investments.

 

34    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


(j) Counterparty risk and credit-risk-related contingent features of derivative instruments. The Fund may invest in certain securities or engage in other transactions, where the Fund is exposed to counterparty credit risk in addition to broader market risks. The Fund may invest in securities of issuers, which may also be considered counterparties as trading partners in other transactions. This may increase the risk of loss in the event of default or bankruptcy by the counterparty or if the counterparty otherwise fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Fund’s subadviser attempts to mitigate counterparty risk by (i) periodically assessing the creditworthiness of its trading partners, (ii) monitoring and/or limiting the amount of its net exposure to each individual counterparty based on its assessment and (iii) requiring collateral from the counterparty for certain transactions. Market events and changes in overall economic conditions may impact the assessment of such counterparty risk by the subadviser. In addition, declines in the values of underlying collateral received may expose the Fund to increased risk of loss.

With exchange traded and centrally cleared derivatives, there is less counterparty risk to the Fund since the exchange or clearinghouse, as counterparty to such instruments, guarantees against a possible default. The clearinghouse stands between the buyer and the seller of the contract; therefore, the credit risk is limited to failure of the clearinghouse. While offset rights may exist under applicable law, the Fund does not have a contractual right of offset against a clearing broker or clearinghouse in the event of a default of the clearing broker or clearinghouse.

The Fund has entered into master agreements, such as an International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. Master Agreement (“ISDA Master Agreement”) or similar agreement, with certain of its derivative counterparties that govern over-the-counter derivatives and provide for general obligations, representations, agreements, collateral posting terms, netting provisions in the event of default or termination and credit related contingent features. The credit related contingent features include, but are not limited to, a percentage decrease in the Fund’s net assets or NAV over a specified period of time. If these credit related contingent features were triggered, the derivatives counterparty could terminate the positions and demand payment or require additional collateral.

Under an ISDA Master Agreement, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, offset with the counterparty certain derivative financial instruments’ payables and/or receivables with collateral held and/or posted and create one single net payment. However, absent an event of default by the counterparty or a termination of the agreement, the terms of the ISDA Master Agreements do not result in an offset of reported amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities across transactions between the Fund and the applicable counterparty. The enforceability of the right to offset may vary by jurisdiction.

Collateral requirements differ by type of derivative. Collateral or margin requirements are set by the broker or exchange clearinghouse for exchange traded derivatives while collateral terms are contract specific for over-the-counter traded derivatives. Cash collateral

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   35


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

that has been pledged to cover obligations of the Fund under derivative contracts, if any, will be reported separately in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Securities pledged as collateral, if any, for the same purpose are noted in the Schedule of Investments.

As of September 30, 2020, the Fund held forward foreign currency contracts with credit related contingent features which had a liability position of $172,364. If a contingent feature in the master agreements would have been triggered, the Fund would have been required to pay this amount to its derivative counterparties.

(k) Security transactions and investment income. Security transactions are accounted for on a trade date basis. Interest income (including interest income from payment-in-kind securities), adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount, is recorded on the accrual basis. Paydown gains and losses on mortgage- and asset-backed securities are recorded as adjustments to interest income. Dividend income is recorded on the ex-dividend date for dividends received in cash and/or securities. Foreign dividend income is recorded on the ex-dividend date or as soon as practicable after the Fund determines the existence of a dividend declaration after exercising reasonable due diligence. The cost of investments sold is determined by use of the specific identification method. To the extent any issuer defaults or a credit event occurs that impacts the issuer, the Fund may halt any additional interest income accruals and consider the realizability of interest accrued up to the date of default or credit event.

(l) Distributions to shareholders. Distributions from net investment income of the Fund, if any, are declared quarterly and paid on a monthly basis. Distributions of net realized gains, if any, are declared at least annually. Distributions to shareholders of the Fund are recorded on the ex-dividend date and are determined in accordance with income tax regulations, which may differ from GAAP.

(m) Compensating balance arrangements. The Fund has an arrangement with its custodian bank whereby a portion of the custodian’s fees is paid indirectly by credits earned on the Fund’s cash on deposit with the bank.

(n) Federal and other taxes. It is the Fund’s policy to comply with the federal income and excise tax requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”), as amended, applicable to regulated investment companies. Accordingly, the Fund intends to distribute its taxable income and net realized gains, if any, to shareholders in accordance with timing requirements imposed by the Code. Therefore, no federal or state income tax provision is required in the Fund’s financial statements.

Management has analyzed the Fund’s tax positions taken on income tax returns for all open tax years and has concluded that as of September 30, 2020, no provision for income tax is required in the Fund’s financial statements. The Fund’s federal and state income and federal excise tax returns for tax years for which the applicable statutes of limitations have not expired are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state departments of revenue.

 

36    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


Under the applicable foreign tax laws, a withholding tax may be imposed on interest, dividends and capital gains at various rates.

(o) Reclassification. GAAP requires that certain components of net assets be reclassified to reflect permanent differences between financial and tax reporting. These reclassifications have no effect on net assets or net asset value per share. During the current year, the Fund had no reclassifications.

2. Investment management agreement and other transactions with affiliates

Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA”) is the Fund’s investment manager. Western Asset Management Company, LLC (“Western Asset”) and Western Asset Management Company Limited (“Western Asset Limited”) are the Fund’s subadvisers. As of July 31, 2020, LMPFA, Western Asset and Western Asset Limited are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Franklin Resources, Inc. (“Franklin Resources”). Prior to July 31, 2020, LMPFA, Western Asset and Western Asset Limited were wholly-owned subsidiaries of Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”). As of July 31, 2020, Legg Mason is a subsidiary of Franklin Resources.

LMPFA provides administrative and certain oversight services to the Fund. The Fund pays LMPFA an investment management fee, calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of 0.80% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. LMPFA implemented a voluntary investment management fee waiver equal to 0.025% of the Fund’s average daily net assets effective December 1, 2018 through May 31, 2021.

During the year ended September 30, 2020, fees waived and/or expenses reimbursed amounted to $192,145.

LMPFA delegates to Western Asset the day-to-day portfolio management of the Fund. Western Asset Limited provides certain subadvisory services to the Fund relating to currency transactions and investments in non-U.S. dollar denominated debt securities. Western Asset Limited does not receive any compensation from the Fund and is paid by Western Asset for its services to the Fund. For its services, LMPFA pays Western Asset a fee monthly, at an annual rate equal to 70% of the net management fee it receives from the Fund. In turn, Western Asset pays Western Asset Limited a monthly subadvisory fee in an amount equal to 100% of the management fee paid to Western Asset on the assets that Western Asset allocates to Western Asset Limited to manage.

As of July 31, 2020, all officers and one Director of the Fund are employees of Franklin Resources or its affiliates and do not receive compensation from the Fund. Prior to July 31, 2020, all officers and one Director of the Fund were employees of Legg Mason and did not receive compensation from the Trust.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   37


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

3. Investments

During the year ended September 30, 2020, the aggregate cost of purchases and proceeds from sales of investments (excluding short-term investments) and U.S. Government & Agency Obligations were as follows:

 

        Investments        U.S. Government &
Agency Obligations
 
Purchases      $ 384,045,626        $ 31,416,877  
Sales        393,547,548          45,577,336  

At September 30, 2020, the aggregate cost of investments and the aggregate gross unrealized appreciation and depreciation of investments for federal income tax purposes were as follows:

 

      Cost      Gross
Unrealized
Appreciation
     Gross
Unrealized
Depreciation
     Net
Unrealized
Appreciation
(Depreciation)
 
Securities    $ 620,519,670      $ 72,471,238      $ (24,056,593)      $ 48,414,645  
Forward foreign currency contracts                    (172,364)        (172,364)  

4. Derivative instruments and hedging activities

Below is a table, grouped by derivative type, that provides information about the fair value and the location of derivatives within the Statement of Assets and Liabilities at September 30, 2020.

 

LIABILITY DERIVATIVES1  
      Foreign
Exchange Risk
 
Forward foreign currency contracts    $ 172,364  

 

1 

Generally, the balance sheet location for asset derivatives is receivables/net unrealized appreciation and for liability derivatives is payables/net unrealized depreciation.

The following tables provide information about the effect of derivatives and hedging activities on the Fund’s Statement of Operations for the year ended September 30, 2020. The first table provides additional detail about the amounts and sources of gains (losses) realized on derivatives during the period. The second table provides additional information about the change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) resulting from the Fund’s derivatives and hedging activities during the period.

 

AMOUNT OF REALIZED GAIN (LOSS) ON DERIVATIVES RECOGNIZED  
     

Interest

Rate Risk

     Foreign
Exchange Risk
     Total  
Futures contracts    $ (941,627)             $ (941,627)  
Forward foreign currency contracts           $ 344,607        344,607  
Total    $ (941,627)      $ 344,607      $ (597,020)  

 

38    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


CHANGE IN UNREALIZED APPRECIATION (DEPRECIATION) ON DERIVATIVES RECOGNIZED  
      Foreign
Exchange Risk
 
Forward foreign currency contracts    $ (457,114)  

During the year ended September 30, 2020, the volume of derivative activity for the Fund was as follows:

 

        Average Market
Value
 
Futures contracts (to buy)†      $ 685,564  
Futures contracts (to sell)†        116,463  
Forward foreign currency contracts (to buy)†        679,293  
Forward foreign currency contracts (to sell)        7,122,752  

 

At September 30, 2020, there were no open positions held in this derivative.

The following table presents the Fund’s OTC derivative assets and liabilities by counterparty net of amounts available for offset under an ISDA Master Agreement and net of the related collateral pledged (received) by the Fund as of September 30, 2020.

 

Counterparty    Gross Assets
Subject to
Master
Agreements
     Gross
Liabilities
Subject to
Master
Agreements1
     Net Assets
(Liabilities)
Subject to
Master
Agreements
     Collateral
Pledged
(Received)
     Net
Amount2
 
BNP Paribas SA           $ (89,897)      $ (89,897)             $ (89,897)  
Citibank N.A.             (82,467)        (82,467)               (82,467)  
Total           $ (172,364)      $ (172,364)             $ (172,364)  

 

1 

Absent an event of default or early termination, derivative assets and liabilities are presented gross and not offset in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities.

 

2

Represents the net amount receivable (payable) from (to) the counterparty in the event of default.

5. Distributions subsequent to September 30, 2020

The following distributions have been declared by the Fund’s Board of Directors and are payable subsequent to the period end of this report:

 

Record Date      Payable Date        Amount  
9/23/2020        10/1/2020        $ 0.0325  
10/23/2020        11/2/2020        $ 0.0325  
11/20/2020        12/1/2020        $ 0.0325  
12/23/2020        12/31/2020        $ 0.0325  
1/22/2021        2/1/2021        $ 0.0325  
2/19/2021        3/1/2021        $ 0.0325  

6. Stock repurchase program

On November 16, 2015, the Fund announced that the Fund’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) had authorized the Fund to repurchase in the open market up to approximately 10% of the

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   39


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

Fund’s outstanding common stock when the Fund’s shares are trading at a discount to net asset value. The Board has directed management of the Fund to repurchase shares of common stock at such times and in such amounts as management reasonably believes may enhance stockholder value. The Fund is under no obligation to purchase shares at any specific discount levels or in any specific amounts.

During the year ended September 30, 2020, the Fund repurchased and retired 0.90% of its common shares outstanding under the repurchase plan. The weighted average discount per share on these repurchases was 16.40% for the year ended September 30, 2020. Shares repurchased and the corresponding dollar amount are included in the Statement of Changes in Net Assets. The anti-dilutive impact of these share repurchases is included in the Financial Highlights.

Since the commencement of the stock repurchase program through September 30, 2020, the Fund repurchased 2,433,258 shares or 1.88% of its common shares outstanding for a total amount of $10,070,498.

7. Income tax information and distributions to shareholders

The tax character of distributions paid during the fiscal years ended September 30, was as follows:

 

        2020        2019  
Distributions paid from:                      
Ordinary income      $ 39,482,188        $ 43,291,325  
Tax return of capital        9,354,366           
Total distributions paid      $ 48,836,554        $ 43,291,325  

As of September 30, 2020, the components of distributable earnings (loss) on a tax basis were as follows:

 

Deferred capital losses*    $ (152,053,500)  
Other book/tax temporary differences(a)      (4,026,063)  
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation)(b)      48,242,744  
Total distributable earnings (loss) — net    $ (107,836,819)  

 

*

These capital losses have been deferred in the current year as either short-term or long-term losses. The losses will be deemed to occur on the first day of the next taxable year in the same character as they were originally deferred and will be available to offset future taxable capital gains.

 

(a)

Other book/tax temporary differences are attributable to the tax deferral of losses on straddles, the realization for tax purposes of unrealized gains (losses) on certain foreign currency contracts, the difference between cash and accrual basis distributions paid, book/tax differences in the accrual of interest income on securities in default and book/tax differences in the timing of the deductibility of various expenses.

 

(b)

The difference between book-basis and tax-basis unrealized appreciation (depreciation) is attributable to the tax deferral of losses on wash sales, the difference between book and tax amortization methods for premiums on fixed income securities and the difference between the book and tax cost basis of Treasury Inflation protected securities.

 

40    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


8. Other matters

The outbreak of the respiratory illness COVID-19 (commonly referred to as “coronavirus”) has continued to rapidly spread around the world, causing considerable uncertainty for the global economy and financial markets. The ultimate economic fallout from the pandemic, and the long-term impact on economies, markets, industries and individual issuers, are not known. The COVID-19 pandemic could adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments and negatively impact the Fund’s performance. In addition, the outbreak of COVID-19, and measures taken to mitigate its effects, could result in disruptions to the services provided to the Fund by its service providers.

***

The Fund’s investments, payment obligations, and financing terms may be based on floating rates, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate, or “LIBOR,” which is the offered rate for short-term Eurodollar deposits between major international banks. Plans are underway to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. There remains uncertainty regarding the nature of any replacement rate and the impact of the transition from LIBOR on the Fund’s transactions and the financial markets generally. As such, the potential effect of a transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or the Fund’s investments cannot yet be determined.

***

On August 14, 2020, the Fund announced that it has elected, by resolution unanimously adopted by the Fund’s board of directors, to be subject to the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act (the “MCSAA”), effective immediately. The MCSAA protects the interests of all stockholders of a Maryland corporation by providing that any holder of “control shares” acquired in a “control share acquisition” will not be entitled to vote its shares unless the other stockholders of the corporation reinstate those voting rights at a meeting of stockholders by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding the “acquiring person” (i.e., the holder or group of holders acting in concert that acquires, or proposes to acquire, “control shares”) and any other holders of “interested shares” as defined in the MCSAA. Generally, “control shares” are shares that, when aggregated with shares already owned by an acquiring person, would entitle the acquiring person to exercise 10% or more, 33 1/3% or more, or a majority of the total voting power of shares entitled to vote in the election of directors.

Application of the MCSAA seeks to limit the ability of an acquiring person to achieve a short-term gain at the expense of the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment objective and policies and seek long-term value for the rest of the Fund’s stockholders. The above description of the MCSAA is only a high-level summary and does not purport to be complete. Investors should refer to the actual provisions of the MCSAA and the Fund’s bylaws for more information, including definitions of key terms, various exclusions and exemptions from the statute’s scope, and the procedures by which stockholders may approve the reinstatement of voting rights to holders of “control shares.”

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   41


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

9. Subsequent event

On June 22, 2020, the Fund’s Board of Directors authorized (subject to certain conditions) a cash tender offer for up to 25% of the Fund’s outstanding shares at a price per share equal to 99.5% of the Fund’s net asset value per share as of the business day immediately following the expiration date of the tender offer. On October 19, 2020, the Fund commenced its tender offer, which expired on November 16, 2020. On November 19, 2020, the Fund announced the final results of the tender offer. A total of 60,615,942 shares were duly tendered and not withdrawn. Because the number of shares tendered exceeded 31,699,738 shares, the tender offer was oversubscribed. Therefore, in accordance with the terms and conditions specified in the tender offer, the Fund purchased shares from all tendering stockholders on a pro rata basis, disregarding fractions. Accordingly, on a pro rata basis, approximately 52.30% of shares for each stockholder who properly tendered shares were accepted for payment. The shares accepted for tender were repurchased at a price of $5.37 equal to 99.5% of the per share net asset value, $5.40, as of the close of the regular trading session of the New York Stock Exchange on November 17, 2020. Payment for such shares will be made on or about November 19, 2020. Shares that were not tendered will remain outstanding.

 

42    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report


Report of independent registered public accounting firm

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the schedule of investments, of Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. (the “Fund”) as of September 30, 2020, the related statement of operations for the year ended September 30, 2020, the statement of changes in net assets for each of the two years in the period ended September 30, 2020, including the related notes, and the financial highlights for each of the four years in the period ended September 30, 2020 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund as of September 30, 2020, the results of its operations for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the two years in the period ended September 30, 2020 and the financial highlights for each of the four years in the period ended September 30, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The financial statements of the Fund as of and for the year ended September 30, 2016 and the financial highlights for each of the periods ended on or prior to September 30, 2016 (not presented herein, other than the financial highlights) were audited by other auditors whose report dated November 21, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial highlights.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Fund’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of September 30, 2020 by correspondence with the custodian, agent banks and brokers; when replies were not received, we performed other auditing procedures. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Baltimore, Maryland

November 20, 2020

We have served as the auditor of one or more investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds since 1948.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2020 Annual Report   43


Board approval of new management and new subadvisory agreements (unaudited)

 

Background

On March 9, 2020, during a telephonic meeting of the Boards of Directors (each, a “Board” and each Board member, a “Director” or a “Board Member”) of the closed-end funds under the Board’s purview (each, a “Fund” and together, the “Funds”), Board Members discussed with management of Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”) and certain representatives of Franklin Resources, Inc. and its subsidiaries (together, “Franklin Templeton”) the acquisition of Legg Mason by Franklin Templeton (the “Transaction”) and Franklin Templeton’s plans and intentions regarding the Funds and Legg Mason’s asset management business, including the preservation and continued investment autonomy of the investment advisory businesses conducted by Legg Mason’s separate investment advisory subsidiaries and the combination of Legg Mason’s and Franklin Templeton’s distribution resources. The Board of each Fund was advised that the Transaction, if completed, would constitute a change of control under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), that would result in the termination of the current management agreement between each Fund and Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (the “Manager”) (the “Current Management Agreements”) and the current subadvisory agreements with each Fund’s subadviser or subadvisers (each, a “Subadviser” and together, the “Subadvisers”) (the “Current Subadvisory Agreements”).

At meetings held on April 1, 2020 the Board of each Fund, including a majority of the Board Members who are not “interested persons” of the Fund or the Manager as defined in the 1940 Act (the “Independent Board Members”), approved the new management agreement between each Fund and the Manager (each, a “New Management Agreement”) and each new subadvisory agreement between each Fund’s Manager and its Subadviser or Subadvisers relating to the Fund (each, a “New Subadvisory Agreement”).1 (The New Management Agreement for a Fund and the New Subadvisory Agreement or Agreements for the Fund are referred to, collectively, as the “New Agreements,” the Current Management Agreement for a Fund and the Current Subadvisory Agreement or Agreements for the Fund are referred to, collectively, as the “Current Agreements,” and the Manager and the Subadviser or Subadvisers for a Fund are referred to, collectively, as the “Advisers.”)

At these meetings, which included meetings of the full Board of each Fund and separate meetings of the Independent Board Members, the Board considered, among other things, whether it would be in the best interests of each Fund and its respective shareholders to approve the New Agreements, and the anticipated impacts of the Transaction on the Funds and their shareholders. To assist the Board of each Fund in its consideration of the New

 

1

This meeting was held telephonically in reliance on an exemptive order issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2020. Reliance on the exemptive order is necessary and appropriate due to circumstances related to current or potential effects of COVID-19. All Board Members participating in the telephonic meeting were able to hear each other simultaneously during the meeting. Reliance on the exemptive order requires Board Members, including a majority of the Independent Board Members, to ratify actions taken pursuant to the exemptive order by vote cast at the next in-person meeting.

 

44    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Agreements, Franklin Templeton provided materials and information about Franklin Templeton, including its financial condition and asset management capabilities and organization, Legg Mason provided materials and information about Legg Mason, including performance and expense comparison data and profitability information by Fund and with respect to the Legg Mason fund complex as a whole, and Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason provided materials and information about the proposed Transaction between Legg Mason and Franklin Templeton.

Before and during the April 1, 2020 meetings, the Board of each Fund sought certain information as it deemed necessary and appropriate. In connection with their consideration of the New Agreements, the Independent Board Members worked with their independent legal counsel to prepare requests for additional information that were submitted to Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason. The requests for information of the Board of each Fund sought information relevant to the Board’s consideration of the New Agreements and other anticipated impacts of the Transaction on the Funds and their shareholders. Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason provided documents and information in response to these requests for information. Following their review of this information, the Independent Board Members requested additional information from Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason. Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason provided further information in response to these requests, which the Board of each Fund reviewed. Senior management representatives from Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason participated in a portion of each of these meetings and addressed various questions raised by the Board of each Fund.

At the April 1, 2020 meeting of the Board of each Fund, representatives of Legg Mason and Franklin Templeton made presentations to, and responded to questions from, the Board. After the presentations and after reviewing the written materials provided, the Independent Board Members met in executive session with their counsel to consider the New Agreements.

Board Approval of New Management Agreements and New Subadvisory Agreements

Each Fund’s Board’s evaluation of the New Agreements reflected the information provided specifically in connection with their review of the New Agreements, as well as, where relevant, information that was previously furnished to the Board in connection with the most recent renewal of the Current Agreements at in-person meetings held on November 14, 2019 and at other Board meetings throughout the prior year.

Among other things, the Board Members considered:

 

(i)

the reputation, experience, financial strength and resources of Franklin Templeton and its investment advisory subsidiaries;

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   45


Board approval of new management and new subadvisory agreements (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

 

(ii)

that Franklin Templeton has informed the Board of each Fund that it intends to maintain the investment autonomy of the Legg Mason investment advisory subsidiaries;

 

(iii)

that Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason have informed the Board of each Fund that, following the Transaction, there is not expected to be any diminution in the nature, quality and extent of services provided to the Funds and their shareholders by the Advisers, including compliance and other non-advisory services, and have represented that there are not expected to be any changes in the portfolio management personnel managing the Funds as a result of the Transaction;

 

(iv)

that Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason have informed the Board of each Fund regarding transition plans, including Legg Mason’s provision of retention incentives for certain Legg Mason corporate personnel until the Transaction closes, and Franklin Templeton’s provision of long-term retention mechanisms for certain personnel following the closing;

 

(v)

that there are not expected to be any changes to any Fund’s custodian or other service providers as a result of the Transaction;

 

(vi)

that Franklin Templeton has informed the Board of each Fund that it has no present intention to alter currently effective expense waivers and reimbursements after their expiration, and, while it reserves the right to do so in the future, it would consult with the applicable Fund’s Board before making any changes;

 

(vii)

that Franklin Templeton does not expect to propose any changes to the investment objective(s) of any Fund or any changes to the principal investment strategies of any Fund as a result of the Transaction;

 

(viii)

the potential benefits to Fund shareholders from being part of a combined fund family with Franklin Templeton-sponsored funds and access to a broader array of investment opportunities;

 

(ix)

that Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason will each derive benefits from the Transaction and that, as a result, they have a financial interest in the matters that were being considered;

 

(x)

the fact that each Fund’s contractual management fee rates will remain the same and will not increase by virtue of the New Agreements;

 

(xi)

the terms and conditions of the New Agreements, including that each New Agreement is identical to its corresponding Current Agreement except for their respective dates of execution, effectiveness and termination;

 

46    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


(xii)

the support expressed by the current senior management team at Legg Mason for the Transaction and Legg Mason’s recommendation that the Board of each Fund approve the New Agreements;

 

(xiii)

that the Current Agreements, except in the case of newer Funds, are the product of multiple years of review and negotiation and information received and considered by the applicable Fund’s Board in the exercise of their business judgment during those years, and that within the past six-months the Board of each Fund had performed a full review of and approved the Current Agreements as required by the 1940 Act and had determined in the exercise of the Board Members’ business judgment that each applicable Adviser had the capabilities, resources and personnel necessary to provide the services provided to each Fund, and that the management and subadvisory fees paid by or in respect of the Fund, taking into account any applicable agreed-upon fee reductions, represented reasonable compensation to the applicable Adviser in light of the services provided, the costs to the Adviser of providing those services, the fees and other expenses paid by similar funds, and such other matters as the Board Members considered relevant in the exercise of their business judgment, and represented an appropriate sharing between Fund shareholders and the Advisers of any economies of scale in the management of the Fund at current and anticipated asset levels;

 

(xiv)

that the Current Agreements were considered and approved as recently as November 2019, except in the case of one Fund, which is currently in the initial term of its agreement;

 

(xv)

that the Funds will not bear the costs of obtaining shareholder approval of the New Agreements, including proxy solicitation costs, legal fees and the costs of printing and mailing the proxy statement, regardless of whether the Transaction is consummated; and

 

(xvi)

that under the a definitive agreement between Legg Mason and Franklin Templeton (the “Transaction Agreement”), Franklin Templeton has acknowledged that Legg Mason had entered into the Transaction Agreement in reliance upon the benefits and protections provided by Section 15(f) of the 1940 Act, and that, in furtherance of the foregoing, Franklin Templeton agreed to use reasonable best efforts to conduct its business so that (a) for a period of not less than three years after the closing of the Transaction no more than 25% of the members of the Board of any Fund shall be “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any investment adviser for a Fund, and (b) for a period of not less than two years after the closing, neither Franklin Templeton nor any of its affiliates shall impose an “unfair burden” (within the meaning of the 1940 Act, including any interpretations or no-action letters of the Securities and Exchange Commission) on any Fund as a result of the transactions contemplated by the

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   47


Board approval of new management and new subadvisory agreements (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

  Transaction Agreement or any express or implied terms, conditions or understandings applicable thereto.

Certain of these considerations are discussed in more detail below.

In their deliberations, the Board Members considered information received in connection with the most recent approval or continuation of each Current Agreement in addition to information provided by Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason in connection with their evaluation of the terms and conditions of the New Agreements. In connection with the most recent approval or continuation of each Current Agreement, and in connection with their review of each New Agreement, the Board Members did not identify any particular information that was all-important or controlling, and each Board Member may have attributed different weights to the various factors. The Board Members evaluated all information available to them on a Fund-by-Fund basis with respect to their consideration of the Current Agreements and the New Agreements, and their determinations were made separately in respect of each Fund.

The information provided and presentations made to the Board of each Fund encompassed each Fund and all other Funds for which the Board has responsibility. The discussion below covers both the advisory and the administrative functions rendered by the Manager for each Fund, both of which functions are encompassed by the New Management Agreement for the Fund, as well as the advisory functions rendered by the Subadviser(s) pursuant to the New Subadvisory Agreement(s) for the Fund. The Independent Board Members of each Fund considered the New Management Agreement and the New Subadvisory Agreement(s) separately in the course of their review. In doing so, they considered the respective roles and compensation of the Manager and the Subadviser(s) in providing services to the Fund.

The Independent Board Members were advised by separate independent legal counsel throughout the process. Prior to voting, the Independent Board Members of each Fund received a memorandum from their independent legal counsel discussing the legal standards for their consideration of the New Agreements for the Fund. The Independent Board Members of each Fund, including Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. (the “Western Asset Fund”), reviewed the proposed approval of the New Agreements for the Fund on multiple occasions with their independent legal counsel in private sessions at which no representatives of Franklin Templeton, Legg Mason, or the Manager or Subadviser(s) for the Fund were present.

Nature, Extent and Quality of the Services under the New Agreements

The Board of each Fund received and considered information regarding the nature, extent and quality of services provided to the Fund by the Manager and the Subadviser(s) under the Current Agreements. In evaluating the nature, quality and extent of the services to be provided by the Advisers under the New Agreements, the Board Members considered,

 

48    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


among other things, the expected impact, if any, of the Transaction on the operations, facilities, organization and personnel of each Adviser, and that Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason have advised the Board of each Fund that, following the Transaction, there is not expected to be any diminution in the nature, quality and extent of services provided to the Funds and their shareholders by the Advisers, including compliance and other non-advisory services, and that there are not expected to be any changes in portfolio management personnel as a result of the Transaction. In this regard, the Board of each Fund took into account that Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason have informed the Board regarding Legg Mason’s provision of retention incentives for certain Legg Mason corporate personnel until the Transaction closes, and Franklin Templeton’s provision of long-term retention mechanisms for certain personnel following the closing. The Board of each Fund has received information at regular meetings throughout the past year related to the services rendered by the Manager in its management of the Fund’s affairs and the Manager’s role in coordinating the activities of the Fund’s other service providers. Each Fund’s Board’s evaluation of the services provided by the Manager and the Subadviser(s) took into account the Board Members’ knowledge gained as Board Members of other Funds in the Legg Mason fund complex, including knowledge gained regarding the scope and quality of the investment management and other capabilities of the Manager and the Subadviser(s), and the quality of the Manager’s administrative and other services. The Board of each Fund observed that the scope of services provided by the Manager and the Subadviser(s), and the undertakings required of the Manager and Subadviser(s) in connection with those services, including maintaining and monitoring their own and the Fund’s compliance programs, liquidity management programs and cybersecurity programs, had expanded over time as a result of regulatory, market and other developments. The Board of each Fund has received and reviewed on a regular basis information from the Manager and the Subadviser(s) regarding the Fund’s compliance policies and procedures established pursuant to Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act, and took that information into account in its evaluation of the New Agreements. The Board of each Fund also considered the risks associated with the Fund borne by the Advisers and their affiliates (such as entrepreneurial, operational, reputational, litigation and regulatory risk), as well as the risk management processes of the Manager and Subadviser(s).

The Board of each Fund considered information provided by Franklin Templeton regarding its business and operating structure, scale of operation, leadership and reputation, distribution capabilities, and financial condition (pre- and post-closing).

The Board of each Fund also reviewed the qualifications, backgrounds and responsibilities of the senior personnel of the Manager and the Subadviser(s) and the team of investment professionals primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management of the Fund. The Board of each Fund noted in particular that following the Transaction, Franklin Templeton is expected to have resources that will provide it with substantial capacity to

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   49


Board approval of new management and new subadvisory agreements (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

invest across the business. The Board of each Fund also considered the financial resources of Legg Mason and Franklin Templeton and the importance of having a Fund manager with, or with access to, significant organizational and financial resources.

The Board also considered the benefits to each Fund of being part of a larger combined organization with greater financial resources following the Transaction, particularly during periods of market disruptions and volatility. In addition, the Board also considered Franklin Templeton’s significant experience in dealing with issues unique to the management of closed-end funds.

The Board of each Fund also considered the policies and practices of the Manager and the Subadvisers regarding the selection of brokers and dealers and the execution of portfolio transactions for the Fund.

The Board of each Fund received performance information for the Fund, as well as for a group of funds (the “Performance Universe”) selected by Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (“Broadridge”), an independent provider of investment company data, based on classifications provided by Thomson Reuters Lipper (“Lipper”). The Board of each Fund was provided with a description of the methodology used to determine the similarity of the Fund with the funds included in the Performance Universe. It was noted that while the Board of each Fund has found the Broadridge data generally useful they recognized its limitations, including that the data may vary depending on the end date selected and that the results of the performance comparisons may vary depending on the selection of the peer group and its composition over time. It was also noted that the Board of each Fund has received and discussed with management information throughout the year at periodic intervals comparing the Fund’s performance against its benchmark and against the Fund’s peers. In addition, the Board of each Fund considered the Fund’s performance in light of overall financial market conditions. Where a Fund’s performance was below the median during one or more specified periods, the Fund’s Board noted the explanations from the Advisers concerning the Fund’s relative performance versus the peer group for the various periods

Based on their review of the materials provided and the assurances they had received from Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason, the Board Members of each Fund determined that the Transaction was not expected to affect adversely the nature, extent and quality of services provided by each Adviser and that the Transaction was not expected to have an adverse effect on the ability of the Advisers to provide those services, and the Board of each Fund, including the Western Asset Fund, concluded that, overall, the nature, extent and quality of services expected to be provided, including performance, under the New Agreements for the Fund were sufficient for approval.

 

50    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Management Fees and Expense Ratios

The Board of each Fund considered that it had reviewed the Fund’s management fee and total expense ratio at the November 2019 contract renewal meeting. The Board of each Fund considered that the New Management Agreement does not change any Fund’s management fee rate or the computation method for calculating such fees, and that there is no present intention to alter expense waiver and reimbursement arrangements that are currently in effect. The Board of each Fund noted that by their terms none of the current expense waiver and reimbursement arrangements would expire before December 2020 and that Franklin Templeton had indicated that it would consult with the applicable Fund’s Board before making any changes to the Fund’s current expense waiver and reimbursement arrangements.

The Board of each Fund reviewed and considered the contractual management fee and the actual management fees paid by the Fund to the Manager in light of the nature, extent and quality of the management and subadvisory services to be provided by the Manager and the Subadviser(s). The Board of each Fund also noted that the compensation paid to the Subadviser(s) is the responsibility and expense of the Manager, or in some cases another Subadviser, and not the Fund. In addition, the Board of each Fund received and considered information provided by Broadridge comparing the contractual management fee and the actual management fee for the Fund, as well as the total actual expenses for the Fund, with those of funds in both the relevant expense group and a broader group of funds, each selected by Broadridge based on classifications provided by Lipper. It was noted that, while the Board of each Fund has found the Broadridge data generally useful, it recognized its limitations, including that the data may vary depending on the selection of the peer group. The Board of each Fund also considered the overall management fee, the fees of each Subadviser and the portion of the management fee retained by the Manager after payment of the subadvisory fees, in each case in light of the services rendered for those amounts. The Board of each Fund also received an analysis of Legg Mason complex-wide management fees for Funds with a similar strategy provided by the Manager, which, among other things, set out a framework of fees based on asset classes.

The Board of each Fund reviewed information regarding fees charged by the Manager and/or the Subadviser(s) to other U.S. clients investing primarily in an asset class similar to that of the Fund, including, where applicable, separate accounts. The Manager reviewed with the Board of each Fund the differences in services provided to these different types of accounts, including that the Fund is provided with certain administrative services, office facilities, and Fund officers (including the Fund’s chief executive, chief financial and chief compliance officers), and that the Manager coordinates and oversees the provision of services to the Fund by other Fund service providers. The Board of each Fund considered the fee comparisons in light of the differences in management of these different types of accounts and the differences in associated risks borne by the Advisers.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   51


Board approval of new management and new subadvisory agreements (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

In evaluating the costs of the services to be provided by the Advisers under the New Agreements, the Board Members considered, among other things, whether management fees or other expenses would change as a result of the Transaction. Based on their review of the materials provided and the assurances they had received from Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason, the Board Members determined that the Transaction would not increase the total fees payable by any Fund for management services.

Taking all of the above into consideration, as well as the factors identified below, the Board of each Fund, including the Western Asset Fund, determined that the management fee and the subadvisory fees for the Fund were reasonable in light of the nature, extent and quality of the services to be provided to the Fund under the New Agreements.

Profitability and Economies of Scale

The Board of each Fund received and considered an analysis of the profitability of the Manager and its affiliates in providing services to the Fund. The Board of each Fund also received profitability information with respect to the Legg Mason fund complex as a whole. In addition, the Board of each Fund received information with respect to the Manager’s allocation methodologies used in preparing this profitability data. It was noted that the allocation methodologies had been previously reviewed by an outside consultant. The profitability of the Manager and its affiliates was considered by each Fund’s Board not to be excessive in light of the nature, extent and quality of the services provided to the Fund, including the Western Asset Fund.

The Board of each Fund received and considered information concerning whether the Advisers realize economies of scale as the Fund’s assets grow. In conjunction with their most recent or prior deliberations concerning the Current Agreements, the Board Members have noted that advisory or management fee reductions had been implemented for certain Funds, as well as expense limitations, and that after taking those reductions and expense limitations into account, the Board Members had determined that the total fees for management services, and administrative services for the applicable Funds, were reasonable in light of the services provided to the Funds, including the Western Asset Fund, and that any economies of scale were being shared appropriately.

The Board Members noted that Franklin Templeton and Legg Mason expected to realize cost savings from the Transaction based on synergies of operations, primarily at the holding company distribution level, as well as to benefit from possible growth of the Funds resulting from enhanced distribution capabilities. The Board of each Fund took into account that cost synergies were not the primary driver of the Transaction. However, they noted that other factors could also affect profitability and potential economies of scale, and that it was not possible to predict with any degree of certainty how the Transaction would affect the Advisers’ profitability from their relationship with the Funds, nor to quantify at this time any

 

52    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


possible future economies of scale. The Board Members noted they will have the opportunity to periodically re-examine such profitability and any economies of scale going forward.

Other Benefits to the Advisers

The Board of each Fund considered other benefits received by the Manager, the Subadviser(s) and their affiliates as a result of their relationship with the Fund, including the opportunity to offer additional products and services to Fund shareholders. In light of the costs of providing investment management and other services to the Funds and the ongoing commitment of the Manager and the Subadviser(s) to the Funds, the Board of each Fund considered that the ancillary benefits that the Manager, the Subadviser(s) and their affiliates received as a result of their relationship with the Fund, including the Western Asset Fund, were reasonable. In evaluating the fall-out benefits to be received by the Advisers under the New Agreements, the Board Members considered whether the Transaction would have an impact on the fall-out benefits received by virtue of the Current Agreements.

The Board of each Fund considered that Franklin Templeton may derive reputational and other benefits from its ability to use the Legg Mason investment affiliates’ names in connection with operating and marketing the Funds. The Board of each Fund considered that the Transaction, if completed, would significantly increase Franklin Templeton’s assets under management and expand Franklin Templeton’s investment capabilities.

Conclusion

After consideration of the factors described above as well as other factors, and in the exercise of their business judgment, the Board Members, including the Independent Board Members, concluded that the New Agreements, including the fees payable thereunder, were fair and reasonable to each Fund and that entering into the New Agreements for each Fund, including the Western Asset Fund, was in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders, and they voted to approve the New Agreements for each Fund and to recommend that the Fund’s shareholders approve the New Agreements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   53


Additional shareholder information (unaudited)

 

Results of special meeting of shareholders

On July 6, 2020, a special meeting of shareholders was held for the following purposes: 1) to approve a new management agreement between the Fund and its investment manager; and 2) to approve a new subadvisory agreement with respect to each of the Fund’s subadvisers. The following table provides the number of votes cast for or against, as well as the number of abstentions and broker non-votes as to each matter voted on at the special meeting of shareholders. Each item voted on was approved.

 

Item Voted On    Voted For      Voted
Against
     Abstentions      Broker
Non-Votes
 
To Approve a New Management Agreement with Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC      76,592,718        4,001,121        1,281,421        0  
To Approve a New Subadvisory Agreement with Western Asset Management Company, LLC      76,408,633        4,084,482        1,382,146        0  
To Approve a New Subadvisory Agreement with Western Asset Management Company Limited      76,264,854        4,141,934        1,468,472        0  

 

54    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Additional information (unaudited)

 

Information about Directors and Officers

The business and affairs of Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. (the “Fund”) are conducted by management under the supervision and subject to the direction of its Board of Directors. The business address of each Director is c/o Jane Trust, Legg Mason, 100 International Drive, 11th Floor, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. Information pertaining to the Directors and officers of the Fund is set forth below.

The Fund’s annual proxy statement includes additional information about Directors and is available, without charge, upon request by calling the Fund at 1-888-777-0102.

 

Independent Directors    
Robert D. Agdern  
Year of birth   1950
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director and Member of Nominating, Audit, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Compliance Liaison, Class I
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2015
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Member of the Advisory Committee of the Dispute Resolution Research Center at the Kellogg Graduate School of Business, Northwestern University (2002 to 2016); formerly, Deputy General Counsel responsible for western hemisphere matters for BP PLC (1999 to 2001); Associate General Counsel at Amoco Corporation responsible for corporate, chemical, and refining and marketing matters and special assignments (1993 to 1998) (Amoco merged with British Petroleum in 1998 forming BP PLC)
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   24
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   None
Carol L. Colman  
Year of birth   1946
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director and Member of Nominating, Audit and Compensation Committees, and Chair of Pricing and Valuation Committee, Class I
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2007
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   President, Colman Consulting Company (consulting)
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   24
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   None

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   55


Additional information (unaudited) (cont’d)

Information about Directors and Officers

 

Independent Directors (cont’d)    
Daniel P. Cronin  
Year of birth   1946
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director and Member of Audit, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Chair of Nominating Committee, Class I
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2007
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Retired; formerly, Associate General Counsel, Pfizer Inc. (prior to and including 2004)
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   24
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   None
Paolo M. Cucchi  
Year of birth   1941
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director and Member of Nominating, Audit, and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Chair of Compensation Committee, Class II
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2007
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Emeritus Professor of French and Italian (since 2014) and formerly, Vice President and Dean of The College of Liberal Arts (1984 to 2009) and Professor of French and Italian (2009 to 2014) at Drew University
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   24
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   None
William R. Hutchinson  
Year of birth   1942
Position(s) held with Fund1   Lead Independent Director and Member of Nominating, Audit, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, Class III
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2007
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   President, W.R. Hutchinson & Associates Inc. (consulting) (since 2001)
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   24
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   Director (since 1994) and formerly, Non-Executive Chairman of the Board (December 2009 to April 2020), Associated Banc Corp. (banking)

 

56    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Independent Directors (cont’d)    
Eileen A. Kamerick  
Year of birth   1958
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director and Member of Nominating, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Chair of Audit Committee, Class II
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2013
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Chief Executive Officer, The Governance Partners, LLC (consulting firm) (since 2015); National Association of Corporate Directors Board Leadership Fellow (since 2016) and financial expert Adjunct Professor, The University of Chicago Law School (since 2018); Adjunct Professor, Washington University in St. Louis and University of Iowa law schools (since 2007); formerly, Senior Advisor to the Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of ConnectWise, Inc. (software and services company) (2015 to 2016); Chief Financial Officer, Press Ganey Associates (health care informatics company) (2012 to 2014); Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer, Houlihan Lokey (international investment bank) and President, Houlihan Lokey Foundation (2010 to 2012)
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   24
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   Trustee of AIG Funds and Anchor Series Trust (since 2018); Hochschild Mining plc (precious metals company) (since 2016); Director of Associated Banc-Corp (financial services company) (since 2007); Westell Technologies, Inc. (technology company) (2003 to 2016)
Nisha Kumar  
Year of birth   1970
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director and Member of Nominating, Audit, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, Class III
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2019
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Managing Director and the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of Greenbriar Equity Group, LP (since 2011); formerly, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Rent the Runway, Inc. (2011); Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of AOL LLC, a subsidiary of Time Warner Inc. (2007 to 2009), Member of the Council of Foreign Relations
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   24
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   Director of The India Fund, Inc. (since 2016); formerly, Director of Aberdeen Income Credit Strategies Fund (2017-2018); and Director of The Asia Tigers Fund, Inc. (2016 to 2018)

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   57


Additional information (unaudited) (cont’d)

Information about Directors and Officers

 

Interested Director and Officer    
Jane Trust, CFA2  
Year of birth   1962
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Class II
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2015
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Senior Vice President, Fund Board Management, Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Officer and/or Trustee/Director of 150 funds associated with Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA”) or its affiliates (since 2015); President and Chief Executive Officer of LMPFA (since 2015); formerly, Senior Managing Director (2018 to 2020) and Managing Director (2016 to 2018) of Legg Mason & Co., LLC (“Legg Mason & Co.”); Senior Vice President of LMPFA (2015)
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   147
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   None
 
Additional Officers    
Fred Jensen*  

Legg Mason

620 Eighth Avenue, 47th Floor, New York, NY 10018

 
Year of birth   1963
Position(s) held with Fund1   Chief Compliance Officer
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2020
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Director - Global Compliance of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co. (2006 to 2020); Director of Compliance, Legg Mason Office of the Chief Compliance Officer (2006 to 2020); formerly, Chief Compliance Officer of Legg Mason Global Asset Allocation (prior to 2014); Chief Compliance Officer of Legg Mason Private Portfolio Group (prior to 2013); formerly, Chief Compliance Officer of The Reserve Funds (investment adviser, funds and broker-dealer) (2004) and Ambac Financial Group (investment adviser, funds and broker-dealer) (2000 to 2003)
Jenna Bailey  

Legg Mason

100 First Stamford Place, 5th Floor, Stamford, CT 06902

 
Year of birth   1978
Position(s) held with Fund1   Identity Theft Prevention Officer
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2015
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Senior Compliance Analyst of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Identity Theft Prevention Officer of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2015); formerly, Compliance Officer of Legg Mason & Co. (2013 to 2020); Assistant Vice President of Legg Mason & Co. (2011 to 2020)

 

58    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Additional Officers (cont’d)    
George P. Hoyt**  

Legg Mason

100 First Stamford Place, 6th Floor, Stamford, CT 06902

 
Year of birth   1965
Position(s) held with Fund1   Secretary and Chief Legal Officer
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2020
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Associate General Counsel of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Secretary and Chief Legal Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2020); formerly, Managing Director (2016 to 2020) and Associate General Counsel for Legg Mason & Co. and Assistant Secretary of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (2006 to 2020)
Thomas C. Mandia  

Legg Mason

100 First Stamford Place, 6th Floor, Stamford, CT 06902

 
Year of birth   1962
Position(s) held with Fund1   Assistant Secretary
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2006
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Senior Associate General Counsel of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Secretary of LMPFA (since 2006); Assistant Secretary of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2006); Secretary of LM Asset Services, LLC (“LMAS”) (since 2002) and Legg Mason Fund Asset Management, Inc. (“LMFAM”) (since 2013) (formerly registered investment advisers); formerly, Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel of Legg Mason & Co. (2005 to 2020)
Christopher Berarducci  

Legg Mason

620 Eighth Avenue, 47th Floor, New York, NY 10018

 
Year of birth   1974
Position(s) held with Fund1   Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2019
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Vice President, Fund Administration and Reporting, Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Treasurer (since 2010) and Principal Financial Officer (since 2019) of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates; formerly, Managing Director (2020), Director (2015 to 2020), and Vice President (2011 to 2015) of Legg Mason & Co.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   59


Additional information (unaudited) (cont’d)

Information about Directors and Officers

 

Additional Officers (cont’d)    
Jeanne M. Kelly  

Legg Mason

620 Eighth Avenue, 47th Floor, New York, NY 10018

 
Year of birth   1951
Position(s) held with Fund1   Senior Vice President
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2007
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   U.S. Fund Board Team Manager, Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Senior Vice President of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2007); Senior Vice President of LMPFA (since 2006); President and Chief Executive Officer of LMAS and LMFAM (since 2015); formerly, Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co. (2005 to 2020); Senior Vice President of LMFAM (2013 to 2015)

 

Directors who are not “interested persons” of the Fund within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

 

*

Effective April 17, 2020, Mr. Jensen became Chief Compliance Officer.

 

**

Effective August 13, 2020, Mr. Hoyt became Secretary and Chief Legal Officer.

 

1 

The Fund’s Board of Directors is divided into three classes: Class I, Class II and Class III. The terms of office of the Class I, II and III Directors expire at the Annual Meetings of Stockholders in the year 2023, year 2021 and year 2022, respectively, or thereafter in each case when their respective successors are duly elected and qualified. The Fund’s executive officers are chosen each year, to hold office until their successors are duly elected and qualified.

 

2 

Ms. Trust is an “interested person” of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act because Ms. Trust is an officer of LMPFA and certain of its affiliates.

 

60    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Annual chief executive officer and principal financial officer certifications (unaudited)

 

The Fund’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) has submitted to the NYSE the required annual certification and the Fund also has included the Certifications of the Fund’s CEO and Principal Financial Officer required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the Fund’s Form N-CSR filed with the SEC for the period of this report.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   61


Other shareholder communications regarding accounting matters (unaudited)

 

The Fund’s Audit Committee has established guidelines and procedures regarding the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters (collectively, “Accounting Matters”). Persons with complaints or concerns regarding Accounting Matters may submit their complaints to the Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”). Persons who are uncomfortable submitting complaints to the CCO, including complaints involving the CCO, may submit complaints directly to the Fund’s Audit Committee Chair. Complaints may be submitted on an anonymous basis.

The CCO may be contacted at:

Legg Mason & Co., LLC

Compliance Department

620 Eighth Avenue, 47th Floor

New York, New York 10018

Complaints may also be submitted by telephone at 1-800-742-5274. Complaints submitted through this number will be received by the CCO.

 

62    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Summary of information regarding the Fund (unaudited)

 

Investment Objectives

The Fund’s primary investment objective is high current income and its secondary investment objective is capital appreciation.

Principal Investment Policies and Strategies

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes in high-yield corporate debt securities and preferred stocks and up to 20% in common stock equivalents, including options, warrants and rights. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its assets in corporate loans.

The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in the securities of foreign issuers that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and may invest without limitation in securities of foreign issuers that are denominated in U.S. dollars.

The Fund may use a variety of derivative instruments for investment purposes as well as for hedging or risk management purposes. These derivative instruments may include futures contracts, forward contracts, credit default swaps, credit default swap index securities, swap agreements and options on such instruments. As part of its strategies, the Fund may invest in futures contracts; purchase and sell (or write) exchange-listed and over-the-counter put and call options on securities, financial indices and futures contracts; enter into interest rate and currency transactions; and enter into other similar transactions which may be developed in the future to the extent Western Asset determines that they are consistent with the investment objectives and policies and applicable regulatory requirements.

The Fund may engage in currency exchange transactions and purchase exchange-traded put and call options on foreign currencies. The Fund will conduct its currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market or by entering into forward contracts to purchase or sell currencies.

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its assets in illiquid securities.

The Fund may make short sales of securities in order to reduce market exposure and/or to increase its income if, at all times when a short position is open, the Fund owns an equal or greater amount of such securities or owns preferred stock, debt or warrants convertible or exchangeable into an equal or greater number of the shares of the securities sold short. Short sales of this kind are referred to as short sales “against the box.” The Fund will segregate the securities against which short sales against the box have been made in a special account with its custodian. Not more than 10% of the Fund’s total assets (taken at current value) may be held as collateral for such sales at any one time.

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreement transactions with certain member banks of the Federal Reserve System or with certain dealers listed on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s list of reporting dealers. The Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued

 

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Summary of information regarding the Fund (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

basis or for delayed delivery in accordance with applicable law. The Fund will not accrue income with respect to a when-issued or delayed delivery security prior to its stated delivery date. The Fund may invest in dollar rolls, asset-backed securities and mortgage-backed securities.

The Fund may invest in zero coupon, pay-in-kind and delayed interest securities as well as custodial receipts or certificates underwritten by securities dealers or banks that evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on certain U.S. government securities.

The Fund is authorized to lend securities it holds to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations in accordance with applicable law. The amount of such loans, if and when made, may not exceed 20% of the value of the Fund’s assets.

Money market instruments that the Fund may acquire will be securities rated in the two highest short-term rating categories by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or Standard & Poor’s Ratings Service (“S&P”) or the equivalent of such rating categories by another major rating service, or comparable unrated securities. If, in Western Asset’s judgment, conditions in the securities markets would make pursuing the basic investment strategy inconsistent with the stockholders’ best interests, the investment manager may employ alternative strategies, including investment of all of the Fund’s assets in securities rated investment grade by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization.

Principal Risk Factors

There is no assurance that the Fund will meet its investment objectives. You may lose money on your investment in the Fund. The value of the Fund’s shares may go up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. Market conditions, financial conditions of issuers represented in the Fund’s portfolio, investment strategies, portfolio management, and other factors affect the volatility of the Fund’s shares. An investment in the Fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

Investment and Market Risk. An investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire amount that you invest. Your investment in the common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Shares”) represents an indirect investment in the fixed income securities and other investments owned by the Fund, most of which could be purchased directly. The value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. At any point in time, your Common Shares may be worth less than your original investment, even after taking into account the reinvestment of Fund dividends and distributions.

 

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Fixed Income Securities Risk. In addition to the risks described elsewhere in this section with respect to valuations and liquidity, fixed income securities, including high-yield securities, are also subject to certain risks, including:

 

 

Issuer Risk. The value of fixed income securities may decline for a number of reasons that directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods and services.

 

 

Interest Rate Risk. The market price of the Fund’s investments will change in response to changes in interest rates and other factors. During periods of declining interest rates, the market price of fixed income securities generally rises. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the market price of such securities generally declines. The magnitude of these fluctuations in the market price of fixed income securities is generally greater for securities with longer maturities. Fluctuations in the market price of the Fund’s securities will not affect interest income derived from securities already owned by the Fund, but will be reflected in the Fund’s net asset value. The Fund may utilize certain strategies, including investments in structured notes or interest rate swap or cap transactions, for the purpose of reducing the interest rate sensitivity of the portfolio and decreasing the Fund’s exposure to interest rate risk, although there is no assurance that it will do so or that such strategies will be successful.

 

 

Prepayment Risk. During periods of declining interest rates, the issuer of a security may exercise its option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled, forcing the Fund to reinvest the proceeds from such prepayment in lower yielding securities, which may result in a decline in the Fund’s income and distributions to stockholders. This is known as prepayment or “call” risk. Debt securities frequently have call features that allow the issuer to redeem the security at dates prior to its stated maturity at a specified price (typically greater than par) only if certain prescribed conditions are met. An issuer may choose to redeem a debt security if, for example, the issuer can refinance the debt at a lower cost due to declining interest rates or an improvement in the credit standing of the issuer.

 

 

Reinvestment Risk. Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from the Fund’s portfolio will decline if and when the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called fixed income securities at market interest rates that are below the portfolio’s current earnings rate. A decline in income could affect the Fund’s Common Shares price or its overall return.

 

 

Credit risk. If an issuer or guarantor of a security held by the Fund or a counterparty to a financial contract with the Fund defaults or its credit is downgraded, or is perceived to be less creditworthy, or if the value of the assets underlying a security declines, the value of your investment will typically decline. Changes in actual or perceived creditworthiness may occur quickly. The Fund could be delayed or hindered in its enforcement of rights against an issuer, guarantor or counterparty. Subordinated securities are more likely to suffer a credit

 

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Summary of information regarding the Fund (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

  loss than non-subordinated securities of the same issuer and will be disproportionately affected by a default, downgrade or perceived decline in creditworthiness.

Liquidity Risk. The Fund may invest in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities are securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the securities. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to sell. Securities may become illiquid after purchase by the Fund, particularly during periods of market turmoil. When the Fund holds illiquid investments, the portfolio may be harder to value, especially in changing markets, and if the Fund is forced to sell these investments in order to segregate assets or for other cash needs, the Fund may suffer a loss.

Below Investment Grade (High-Yield or Junk) Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in high-yield debt securities. High yield debt securities are generally subject to greater credit risks than higher-grade debt securities, including the risk of default on the payment of interest or principal. High yield debt securities are considered speculative, typically have lower liquidity and are more difficult to value than higher grade bonds. High yield debt securities tend to be volatile and more susceptible to adverse events, credit downgrades and negative sentiments and may be difficult to sell at a desired price, or at all, during periods of uncertainty or market turmoil.

Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets Risk. A fund that invests in foreign (non-U.S.) securities may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than a fund that invests exclusively in securities of U.S. companies. The securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. Investments in foreign securities (including those denominated in U.S. dollars) are subject to economic and political developments in the countries and regions where the issuers operate or are domiciled, or where the securities are traded, such as changes in economic or monetary policies. Values may also be affected by restrictions on receiving the investment proceeds from a foreign country. Less information may be publicly available about foreign companies than about U.S. companies. Foreign companies are generally not subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards as are U.S. companies. In addition, the Fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, imposition of currency exchange controls or restrictions on the repatriation of foreign currency, confiscatory taxation, political or financial instability and adverse diplomatic developments. In addition, there may be difficulty in obtaining or enforcing a court judgment abroad. Dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale of, foreign securities may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes, and special U.S. tax considerations may apply.

The risks of foreign investment are greater for investments in emerging markets. The Fund considers a country to be an emerging market country if, at the time of investment, it is

 

66    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


represented in the J.P. Morgan Emerging Markets Bond Index Global or categorized by the World Bank in its annual categorization as middle or low-income. Emerging market countries typically have economic and political systems that are less fully developed, and that can be expected to be less stable, than those of more advanced countries. Low trading volumes may result in a lack of liquidity and in price volatility. Emerging market countries may have policies that restrict investment by foreigners, that require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, or that prevent foreign investors from withdrawing their money at will. An investment in emerging market securities should be considered speculative.

Non-U.S. Government, or Sovereign, Debt Securities Risk. The Fund invests in non-U.S. government, or sovereign, debt securities. Non-U.S. government, or sovereign, debt securities involve many of the risks of foreign and emerging markets investments as well as the risk of debt moratorium, repudiation or renegotiation, and the Fund may be unable to enforce its rights against the issuers. Sovereign debt risk is increased for emerging market issuers.

Currency Risk. The value of investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increases or decreases as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar change. Currency conversion costs and currency fluctuations could erase investment gains or add to investment losses. Currency exchange rates can be volatile, and are affected by factors such as general economic conditions, the actions of the U.S. and foreign governments or central banks, the imposition of currency controls and speculation. The Fund may be unable or may choose not to hedge its foreign currency exposure.

U.S. Government Debt Securities Risk. Although the U.S. government guarantees principal and interest payments on securities issued by the U.S. government and some of its agencies, such as securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association, this guarantee does not apply to losses resulting from declines in the market value of these securities.

Derivatives Risk. The Fund may utilize a variety of derivative instruments such as options, floors, caps and collars, futures contracts, forward contracts, options on futures contracts and indexed securities. Using derivatives can increase Fund losses and reduce opportunities for gains when market prices, interest rates, currencies, or the derivatives themselves behave in a way not anticipated by the Fund. Using derivatives also can have a leveraging effect and increase Fund volatility. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Derivatives may not be available at the time or price desired, may be difficult to sell, unwind or value, and the counterparty may default on its obligations to the Fund. Derivatives are generally subject to the risks applicable to the assets, rates, indices or other indicators underlying the derivative. The value of a derivative may fluctuate more than the underlying assets, rates, indices or other indicators to which it

 

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Summary of information regarding the Fund (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

relates. Use of derivatives may have different tax consequences for the Fund than an investment in the underlying security, and those differences may affect the amount, timing and character of income distributed to shareholders. The U.S. government and foreign governments are in the process of adopting and implementing regulations governing derivatives markets, including mandatory clearing of certain derivatives, margin and reporting requirements. The ultimate impact of the regulations remains unclear. Additional regulation of derivatives may make derivatives more costly, limit their availability or utility, otherwise adversely affect their performance or disrupt markets.

Credit default swap contracts involve heightened risks and may result in losses to the Fund. Credit default swaps may be illiquid and difficult to value. When the Fund sells credit protection via a credit default swap, credit risk increases since the Fund has exposure to both the issuer whose credit is the subject of the swap and the counterparty to the swap.

Inflation/Deflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of certain assets or income from the Fund’s investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the Fund’s Common Shares and distributions on the Fund’s Common Shares can decline. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time—the opposite of inflation. Deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer defaults more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio.

When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Transactions Risk. The Fund may purchase fixed income securities on a when-issued basis, and may purchase or sell those securities for delayed delivery. When-issued and delayed-delivery transactions occur when securities are purchased or sold by the Fund with payment and delivery taking place in the future to secure an advantageous yield or price. Securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis may expose the Fund to counterparty risk of default as well as the risk that securities may experience fluctuations in value prior to their actual delivery. The Fund will not accrue income with respect to a when-issued or delayed-delivery security prior to its stated delivery date. Purchasing securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis can involve the additional risk that the price or yield available in the market when the delivery takes place may not be as favorable as that obtained in the transaction itself.

Market Events Risk. The market values of securities or other assets will fluctuate, sometimes sharply and unpredictably, due to changes in general market conditions, overall economic trends or events, governmental actions or intervention, actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks, market disruptions caused by trade disputes or other factors, political developments, investor sentiment, the global and domestic effects of a pandemic, and other factors that may or may not be related to the issuer of the security or other asset. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Economic, financial or political events, trading and tariff arrangements,

 

68    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


public health events, terrorism, natural disasters and other circumstances in one country or region could have profound impacts on global economies or markets. As a result, whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected.

The rapid and global spread of a highly contagious novel coronavirus respiratory disease, designated COVID-19, first detected in China in December 2019, has resulted in extreme volatility in the financial markets and severe losses; reduced liquidity of many instruments; restrictions on international and, in some cases, local travel, significant disruptions to business operations (including business closures); strained healthcare systems; disruptions to supply chains, consumer demand and employee availability; and widespread uncertainty regarding the duration and long-term effects of this pandemic. Some sectors of the economy and individual issuers have experienced particularly large losses. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic may result in a sustained economic downturn or a global recession, domestic and foreign political and social instability, damage to diplomatic and international trade relations and increased volatility and/or decreased liquidity in the securities markets. The ultimate economic fallout from the pandemic, and the long-term impact on economies, markets, industries and individual issuers, are not known. Certain risks, such as interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and counterparty risk, may be heightened as a result of such market events. The U.S. government and the Federal Reserve, as well as certain foreign governments and central banks, are taking extraordinary actions to support local and global economies and the financial markets in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including by pushing interest rates to very low levels. This and other government intervention into the economy and financial markets to address the COVID-19 pandemic may not work as intended, particularly if the efforts are perceived by investors as being unlikely to achieve the desired results. The COVID-19 pandemic could adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments and negatively impact the Fund’s performance. In addition, the outbreak of COVID-19, and measures taken to mitigate its effects, could result in disruptions to the services provided to the Fund by its service providers.

Credit Crisis Liquidity and Volatility Risk. The markets for credit instruments, including fixed income securities, have experienced periods of extreme illiquidity and volatility. General market uncertainty and consequent repricing risk have led to market imbalances of sellers and buyers, which in turn have also resulted in significant valuation uncertainties in a variety of debt securities, including certain fixed income securities. These conditions resulted, and in many cases continue to result in greater volatility, less liquidity, widening credit spreads and a lack of price transparency, with many debt securities remaining illiquid and of uncertain value. During times of reduced market liquidity, the Fund may not be able to sell securities readily at prices reflecting the values at which the securities are carried on the Fund’s books. Sales of large blocks of securities by market participants, such as the

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   69


Summary of information regarding the Fund (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

Fund, that are seeking liquidity can further reduce security prices in an illiquid market. These market conditions may make valuation of some of the Fund’s securities uncertain and/or result in sudden and significant valuation increases or decreases in its holdings. Illiquidity and volatility in the credit markets may directly and adversely affect the setting of dividend rates on the Common Shares.

LIBOR Risk. The Fund’s investments, payment obligations, and financing terms may be based on floating rates, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate, or “LIBOR,” which is the offered rate for short-term Eurodollar deposits between major international banks. Plans are underway to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. There remains uncertainty regarding the nature of any replacement rate and the impact of the transition from LIBOR on the Fund’s transactions and the financial markets generally. As such, the potential effect of a transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or the Fund’s investments cannot yet be determined.

Portfolio Turnover Risk. Changes to the investments of the Fund may be made regardless of the length of time particular investments have been held. A high portfolio turnover rate may result in increased transaction costs for the Fund in the form of increased dealer spreads and other transactional costs, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s performance. In addition, high portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to stockholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. A high portfolio turnover may increase the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, resulting in a greater portion of the Fund’s distributions being treated as a dividend to the Fund’s stockholders. The portfolio turnover rate of the Fund will vary from year to year, as well as within a given year.

Temporary Defensive Strategies Risk. When Western Asset anticipates unusual market or other conditions, the Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies as a defensive measure and invest all or a portion of its assets in obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; other investment grade debt securities; investment grade commercial paper; certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances; repurchase agreements with respect to any of the foregoing investments or any other fixed income securities that Western Asset considers consistent with this strategy. To the extent that the Fund invests defensively, it may not achieve its investment objectives.

Market Price Discount from Net Asset Value Risk. Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value. This risk is separate and distinct from the risk that the Fund’s net asset value could decrease as a result of its investment activities and may be a greater risk to investors expecting to sell their Common Shares in a relatively short period. Whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the sale of Common Shares will depend not upon the Fund’s net asset value but upon whether the market price of Common Shares at the time of sale is above or below the investor’s

 

70    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


purchase price for Common Shares. Because the market price of Common Shares will be determined by factors such as relative supply of and demand for Common Shares in the market, general market and economic conditions and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot predict whether the Common Shares will trade at, above or below net asset value. The Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors and you should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.

Anti-Takeover Provisions Risk. The Fund’s Charter and Bylaws include provisions that are designed to limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund for short-term objectives, including by converting the Fund to open-end status or changing the composition of the Board, that may be detrimental to the Fund’s ability to achieve its primary investment objective of seeking high current income. Such provisions may limit the ability of shareholders to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund. There can be no assurance, however, that such provisions will be sufficient to deter activist investors that seek to cause the Fund to take actions that may not be aligned with the interests of long-term shareholders.

Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk. LMPFA, Western Asset, Western Asset Management Company Limited (“Western Asset Limited” and together with LMPFA and Western Asset, the “Managers”) and the Fund’s investment professionals have interests which may conflict with the interests of the Fund. In particular, the Managers also manage other closed-end funds listed on the NYSE that have investment objectives and investment strategies that are substantially similar to the Fund. Further, the Managers may at some time in the future manage and/or advise other investment funds or accounts with the same investment objective and strategies as the Fund. As a result, the Managers and the Fund’s investment professionals may devote unequal time and attention to the management of the Fund and those other funds and accounts, and may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities as might be the case if they were to devote substantially more attention to the management of the Fund. The Managers and the Fund’s investment professionals may identify a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple funds and accounts, and the opportunity may be allocated among these several funds and accounts, which may limit the Fund’s ability to take full advantage of the investment opportunity. Additionally, transaction orders may be aggregated for multiple accounts for purpose of execution, which may cause the price or brokerage costs to be less favorable to the Fund than if similar transactions were not being executed concurrently for other accounts. At times, an investment professional may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some accounts for which he or she exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, the investment professional may place separate transactions for one or more funds or accounts which may affect the

 

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Summary of information regarding the Fund (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment or benefit of one or more other funds and accounts. For example, an investment professional may determine that it would be in the interest of another account to sell a security that the Fund holds, potentially resulting in a decrease in the market value of the security held by the Fund.

More Information

For a complete list of the Fund’s fundamental investment restrictions and more detailed descriptions of the Fund’s investment policies, strategies and risks, see the Fund’s registration statement on Form N-14 that was declared effective by the SEC on May 24, 2016. The Fund’s fundamental investment restrictions may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, as defined in the 1940 Act.

 

72    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Dividend reinvestment plan (unaudited)

 

Unless you elect to receive distributions in cash (i.e., opt-out), all dividends, including any capital gain dividends and return of capital distributions, on your Common Stock will be automatically reinvested by Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as agent for the stockholders (the “Plan Agent”), in additional shares of Common Stock under the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the “Plan”). You may elect not to participate in the Plan by contacting the Plan Agent. If you do not participate, you will receive all cash distributions paid by check mailed directly to you by Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as dividend paying agent.

If you participate in the Plan, the number of shares of Common Stock you will receive will be determined as follows:

(1) If the market price of the Common Stock (plus $0.03 per share commission) on the payment date (or, if the payment date is not a NYSE trading day, the immediately preceding trading day) is equal to or exceeds the net asset value per share of the Common Stock at the close of trading on the NYSE on the payment date, the Fund will issue new Common Stock at a price equal to the greater of (a) the net asset value per share at the close of trading on the NYSE on the payment date or (b) 95% of the market price per share of the Common Stock on the payment date.

(2) If the net asset value per share of the Common Stock exceeds the market price of the Common Stock (plus $0.03 per share commission) at the close of trading on the NYSE on the payment date, the Plan Agent will receive the dividend or distribution in cash and will buy Common Stock in the open market, on the NYSE or elsewhere, for your account as soon as practicable commencing on the trading day following the payment date and terminating no later than the earlier of (a) 30 days after the dividend or distribution payment date, or (b) the payment date for the next succeeding dividend or distribution to be made to the stockholders; except when necessary to comply with applicable provisions of the federal securities laws. If during this period: (i) the market price (plus $0.03 per share commission) rises so that it equals or exceeds the net asset value per share of the Common Stock at the close of trading on the NYSE on the payment date before the Plan Agent has completed the open market purchases or (ii) if the Plan Agent is unable to invest the full amount eligible to be reinvested in open market purchases, the Plan Agent will cease purchasing Common Stock in the open market and the Fund shall issue the remaining Common Stock at a price per share equal to the greater of (a) the net asset value per share at the close of trading on the NYSE on the day prior to the issuance of shares for reinvestment or (b) 95% of the then current market price per share.

Common Stock in your account will be held by the Plan Agent in non-certificated form. Any proxy you receive will include all shares of Common Stock you have received under the Plan. You may withdraw from the Plan (i.e., opt-out) by notifying the Plan Agent in writing at 462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600, Louisville, KY 40202 or by calling the Plan Agent at 1-888-888-0151. Such withdrawal will be effective immediately if notice is received by the Plan Agent not less than ten business days prior to any dividend or distribution record date;

 

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Dividend reinvestment plan (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

otherwise such withdrawal will be effective as soon as practicable after the Plan Agent’s investment of the most recently declared dividend or distribution on the Common Stock.

Plan participants who sell their shares will be charged a service charge (currently $5.00 per transaction) and the Plan Agent is authorized to deduct brokerage charges actually incurred from the proceeds (currently $0.05 per share commission). There is no service charge for reinvestment of your dividends or distributions in Common Stock. However, all participants will pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred by the Plan Agent when it makes open market purchases. Because all dividends and distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional shares of Common Stock, this allows you to add to your investment through dollar cost averaging, which may lower the average cost of your Common Stock over time. Dollar cost averaging is a technique for lowering the average cost per share over time if the Fund’s net asset value declines. While dollar cost averaging has definite advantages, it cannot assure profit or protect against loss in declining markets.

Automatically reinvesting dividends and distributions does not mean that you do not have to pay income taxes due upon receiving dividends and distributions. Investors will be subject to income tax on amounts reinvested under the Plan.

The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan if, in the judgment of the Board of Directors, the change is warranted. The Plan may be terminated, amended or supplemented by the Fund upon notice in writing mailed to stockholders at least 30 days prior to the record date for the payment of any dividend or distribution by the Fund for which the termination or amendment is to be effective. Upon any termination, you will be sent cash for any fractional share of Common Stock in your account. You may elect to notify the Plan Agent in advance of such termination to have the Plan Agent sell part or all of your Common Stock on your behalf. Additional information about the Plan and your account may be obtained from the Plan Agent at 462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600, Louisville, KY 40202 or by calling the Plan Agent at 1-888-888-0151.

 

74    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Important tax information (unaudited)

 

The following information is provided with respect to the distributions paid during the taxable year ended September 30, 2020:

 

Record date:      Monthly        Monthly        Monthly  
Payable date:      10/1/2019       
November 2019
through December 2019
 
 
    
January 2020
through September 2020
 
 
Ordinary Income:         

Qualified Dividend Income for Individuals

     2.28      1.71      5.07

Dividends Qualifying for the Dividends

                          

received Deduction for Corporations

     2.32      1.69      5.07

Qualified Interest Income*

     45.00      30.00      75.00

Tax Return of Capital

                   28.39

 

*

The following percentages of the ordinary income distributions paid by the Fund represent Interest-related dividends eligible for exemption from U.S. withholding tax for non resident aliens and foreign corporations.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   75


Western Asset

High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Directors

Robert D. Agdern

Carol L. Colman

Daniel P. Cronin

Paolo M. Cucchi

William R. Hutchinson

Eileen A. Kamerick

Nisha Kumar

Jane Trust

Chairman

Officers

Jane Trust

President and Chief Executive Officer

Christopher Berarducci

Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer

Fred Jensen*

Chief Compliance Officer

Jenna Bailey

Identity Theft Prevention Officer

George P. Hoyt**

Secretary and Chief Legal Officer

Thomas C. Mandia

Assistant Secretary

Jeanne M. Kelly

Senior Vice President

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

620 Eighth Avenue

47th Floor

New York, NY 10018

Investment manager

Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC

Subadvisers

Western Asset Management Company, LLC

Western Asset Management Company Limited

Custodian

The Bank of New York Mellon

Transfer agent

Computershare Inc.

462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600

Louisville, KY 40202

 

Independent registered public accounting firm

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Baltimore, MD

Legal counsel

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

425 Lexington Avenue

New York, NY 10017

New York Stock Exchange Symbol

HIO

 

 

*

Effective April 17, 2020, Mr. Jensen became Chief Compliance Officer.

 

**

Effective August 13, 2020, Mr. Hoyt became Secretary and Chief Legal Officer.


Legg Mason Funds Privacy and Security Notice

 

Your Privacy and the Security of Your Personal Information is Very Important to the Legg Mason Funds

This Privacy and Security Notice (the “Privacy Notice”) addresses the Legg Mason Funds’ privacy and data protection practices with respect to nonpublic personal information the Funds receive. The Legg Mason Funds include any funds sold by the Funds’ distributor, Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC, as well as Legg Mason-sponsored closed-end funds. The provisions of this Privacy Notice apply to your information both while you are a shareholder and after you are no longer invested with the Funds.

The Type of Nonpublic Personal Information the Funds Collect About You

The Funds collect and maintain nonpublic personal information about you in connection with your shareholder account. Such information may include, but is not limited to:

 

 

Personal information included on applications or other forms;

 

 

Account balances, transactions, and mutual fund holdings and positions;

 

 

Bank account information, legal documents, and identity verification documentation;

 

 

Online account access user IDs, passwords, security challenge question responses; and

 

 

Information received from consumer reporting agencies regarding credit history and creditworthiness (such as the amount of an individual’s total debt, payment history, etc.).

How the Funds Use Nonpublic Personal Information About You

The Funds do not sell or share your nonpublic personal information with third parties or with affiliates for their marketing purposes, or with other financial institutions or affiliates for joint marketing purposes, unless you have authorized the Funds to do so. The Funds do not disclose any nonpublic personal information about you except as may be required to perform transactions or services you have authorized or as permitted or required by law. The Funds may disclose information about you to:

 

 

Employees, agents, and affiliates on a “need to know” basis to enable the Funds to conduct ordinary business or to comply with obligations to government regulators;

 

 

Service providers, including the Funds’ affiliates, who assist the Funds as part of the ordinary course of business (such as printing, mailing services, or processing or servicing your account with us) or otherwise perform services on the Funds’ behalf, including companies that may perform statistical analysis, market research and marketing services solely for the Funds;

 

 

Permit access to transfer, whether in the United States or countries outside of the United States to such Funds’ employees, agents and affiliates and service providers as required to enable the Funds to conduct ordinary business, or to comply with obligations to government regulators;

 

 

The Funds’ representatives such as legal counsel, accountants and auditors to enable the Funds to conduct ordinary business, or to comply with obligations to government regulators;

 

 

Fiduciaries or representatives acting on your behalf, such as an IRA custodian or trustee of a grantor trust.

 

NOT PART OF THE ANNUAL REPORT


Legg Mason Funds Privacy and Security Notice (cont’d)

 

Except as otherwise permitted by applicable law, companies acting on the Funds’ behalf, including those outside the United States, are contractually obligated to keep nonpublic personal information the Funds provide to them confidential and to use the information the Funds share only to provide the services the Funds ask them to perform.

The Funds may disclose nonpublic personal information about you when necessary to enforce their rights or protect against fraud, or as permitted or required by applicable law, such as in connection with a law enforcement or regulatory request, subpoena, or similar legal process. In the event of a corporate action or in the event a Fund service provider changes, the Funds may be required to disclose your nonpublic personal information to third parties. While it is the Funds’ practice to obtain protections for disclosed information in these types of transactions, the Funds cannot guarantee their privacy policy will remain unchanged.

Keeping You Informed of the Funds’ Privacy and Security Practices

The Funds will notify you annually of their privacy policy as required by federal law. While the Funds reserve the right to modify this policy at any time they will notify you promptly if this privacy policy changes.

The Funds’ Security Practices

The Funds maintain appropriate physical, electronic and procedural safeguards designed to guard your nonpublic personal information. The Funds’ internal data security policies restrict access to your nonpublic personal information to authorized employees, who may use your nonpublic personal information for Fund business purposes only.

Although the Funds strive to protect your nonpublic personal information, they cannot ensure or warrant the security of any information you provide or transmit to them, and you do so at your own risk. In the event of a breach of the confidentiality or security of your nonpublic personal information, the Funds will attempt to notify you as necessary so you can take appropriate protective steps. If you have consented to the Funds using electronic communications or electronic delivery of statements, they may notify you under such circumstances using the most current email address you have on record with them.

In order for the Funds to provide effective service to you, keeping your account information accurate is very important. If you believe that your account information is incomplete, not accurate or not current, if you have questions about the Funds’ privacy practices, or our use of your nonpublic personal information, write the Funds using the contact information on your account statements, email the Funds by clicking on the Contact Us section of the Funds’ website at www.leggmason.com, or contact the Funds at 1-888-777-0102.

Revised April 2018

 

NOT PART OF THE ANNUAL REPORT


Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

620 Eighth Avenue

47th Floor

New York, NY 10018

Notice is hereby given in accordance with Section 23(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, that from time to time the Fund may purchase, at market prices, shares of its stock.

The Fund files its complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year as an exhibit to its reports on Form N-PORT. The Fund’s Forms N-PORT are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. To obtain information on Form N-PORT, shareholders can call the Fund at 1-888-777-0102.

Information on how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the prior 12-month period ended June 30th of each year and a description of the policies and procedures that the Fund uses to determine how to vote proxies related to portfolio transactions are available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-888-777-0102, (2) at www.lmcef.com and (3) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

This report is transmitted to the shareholders of Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. for their information. This is not a prospectus, circular or representation intended for use in the purchase of shares of the Fund or any securities mentioned in this report.

Computershare Inc.

462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600

Louisville, KY 40202

 

WASX010408 11/20 SR20-4012


ITEM 2.

CODE OF ETHICS.

The registrant has adopted a code of ethics that applies to the registrant’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller.

 

ITEM 3.

AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.

The Board of Directors of the registrant has determined that Eileen A. Kamerick, a member of the Board’s Audit Committee, possesses the technical attributes identified in Instruction 2(b) of Item 3 to Form N-CSR to qualify as an “audit committee financial expert” and that she is independent for purposes of this item.

 

ITEM 4.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.

(a) Audit Fees. The aggregate fees billed in the previous fiscal years ending September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2020 (the “Reporting Periods”) for professional services rendered by the Registrant’s principal accountant (the “Auditor”) for the audit of the Registrant’s annual financial statements, or services that are normally provided by the Auditor in connection with the statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for the Reporting Periods, were $52,094 in September 30, 2019 and $49,566 in September 30, 2020.

(b) Audit-Related Fees. The aggregate fees billed in the Reporting Period for assurance and related services by the Auditor that are reasonably related to the performance of the Registrant’s financial statements were $3,000 in September 30, 2019 and $0 in September 30, 2020.

In addition, there were no Audit-Related Fees billed in the Reporting Period for assurance and related services by the Auditor to the Registrant’s investment adviser (not including any sub-adviser whose role is primarily portfolio management and is subcontracted with or overseen by another investment adviser), and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. (“service affiliates”), that were reasonably related to the performance of the annual audit of the service affiliates. Accordingly, there were no such fees that required pre-approval by the Audit Committee for the Reporting Period.

(c) Tax Fees. The aggregate fees billed in the Reporting Periods for professional services rendered by the Auditor for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning (“Tax Services”) were $0 in September 30, 2019 and $0 in September 30, 2020. These services consisted of (i) review or preparation of U.S. federal, state, local and excise tax returns; (ii) U.S. federal, state and local tax planning, advice and assistance regarding statutory, regulatory or administrative developments, and (iii) tax advice regarding tax qualification matters and/or treatment of various financial instruments held or proposed to be acquired or held.

There were no fees billed for tax services by the Auditors to service affiliates during the Reporting Periods that required pre-approval by the Audit Committee.

(d) All Other Fees. The aggregate fees for other fees billed in the Reporting Periods for products and services provided by the Auditor, other than the services reported in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this Item for the Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. were $0 in September 30, 2019 and $0 in September 30, 2020.


All Other Fees. There were no other non-audit services rendered by the Auditor to Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisors, LLC (“LMPFA”), and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with LMPFA that provided ongoing services to Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. requiring pre-approval by the Audit Committee in the Reporting Period.

(e) Audit Committee’s pre—approval policies and procedures described in paragraph (c) (7) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.

(1) The Charter for the Audit Committee (the “Committee”) of the Board of each registered investment company (the “Fund”) advised by LMPFA or one of their affiliates (each, an “Adviser”) requires that the Committee shall approve (a) all audit and permissible non-audit services to be provided to the Fund and (b) all permissible non-audit services to be provided by the Fund’s independent auditors to the Adviser and any Covered Service Providers if the engagement relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of the Fund. The Committee may implement policies and procedures by which such services are approved other than by the full Committee.

The Committee shall not approve non-audit services that the Committee believes may impair the independence of the auditors. As of the date of the approval of this Audit Committee Charter, permissible non-audit services include any professional services (including tax services), that are not prohibited services as described below, provided to the Fund by the independent auditors, other than those provided to the Fund in connection with an audit or a review of the financial statements of the Fund. Permissible non-audit services may not include: (i) bookkeeping or other services related to the accounting records or financial statements of the Fund; (ii) financial information systems design and implementation; (iii) appraisal or valuation services, fairness opinions or contribution-in-kind reports; (iv) actuarial services; (v) internal audit outsourcing services; (vi) management functions or human resources; (vii) broker or dealer, investment adviser or investment banking services; (viii) legal services and expert services unrelated to the audit; and (ix) any other service the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board determines, by regulation, is impermissible.

Pre-approval by the Committee of any permissible non-audit services is not required so long as: (i) the aggregate amount of all such permissible non-audit services provided to the Fund, the Adviser and any service providers controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser that provide ongoing services to the Fund (“Covered Service Providers”) constitutes not more than 5% of the total amount of revenues paid to the independent auditors during the fiscal year in which the permissible non-audit services are provided to (a) the Fund, (b) the Adviser and (c) any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser that provides ongoing services to the Fund during the fiscal year in which the services are provided that would have to be approved by the Committee; (ii) the permissible non-audit services were not recognized by the Fund at the time of the engagement to be non-audit services; and (iii) such services are promptly brought to the attention of the Committee and approved by the Committee (or its delegate(s)) prior to the completion of the audit.

(2) For the Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc., the percentage of fees that were approved by the audit committee, with respect to: Audit-Related Fees were 100% and 100% for September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2020; Tax Fees were 100% and 100% for


September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2020; and Other Fees were 100% and 100% for September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2020.

(f) N/A

(g) Non-audit fees billed by the Auditor for services rendered to Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc., LMPFA and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with LMPFA that provides ongoing services to Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. during the reporting period were $429,912 in September 30, 2019 and $701,092 in September 30, 2020.

(h) Yes. Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.’s Audit Committee has considered whether the provision of non-audit services that were rendered to Service Affiliates, which were not pre-approved (not requiring pre-approval), is compatible with maintaining the Accountant’s independence. All services provided by the Auditor to the Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. or to Service Affiliates, which were required to be pre-approved, were pre-approved as required.

 

ITEM 5.

AUDIT COMMITTEE OF LISTED REGISTRANTS.

a) Registrant has a separately-designated standing Audit Committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)58(A) of the Exchange Act. The Audit Committee consists of the following Board members:

Robert D. Agdern

Carol L. Colman

Daniel P. Cronin

Paolo M. Cucchi

William R. Hutchinson

Eileen A. Kamerick

Nisha Kumar

b) Not applicable

 

ITEM 6.

SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS.

Included herein under Item 1.

 

ITEM 7.

DISCLOSURE OF PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES


Western Asset Management Company, LLC

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

BACKGROUND

An investment adviser is required to adopt and implement policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The authority to vote the proxies of our clients is established through investment management agreements or comparable documents. In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities have been established for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the investment manager.

POLICY

As a fixed income only manager, the occasion to vote proxies is very rare. However, the Firm has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)- 6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the Investment Manager.

While the guidelines included in the procedures are intended to provide a benchmark for voting standards, each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the Firm’s contractual obligations to our clients and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote (such that these guidelines may be overridden to the extent the Firm deems appropriate).

In exercising its voting authority, Western Asset will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Legg Mason Inc. or any of its affiliates (other than Western Asset affiliated companies) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.

PROCEDURE

Responsibility and Oversight

The Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department (“Compliance Department”) is responsible for administering and overseeing the proxy voting process. The gathering of proxies is coordinated through the Corporate Actions area of Investment Support (“Corporate Actions”). Research analysts and portfolio managers are responsible for determining appropriate voting positions on each proxy utilizing any applicable guidelines contained in these procedures.

Client Authority

The Investment Management Agreement for each client is reviewed at account start-up for proxy voting instructions. If an agreement is silent on proxy voting, but contains an overall delegation of discretionary authority or if the account represents assets of an ERISA plan, Western Asset will assume responsibility for proxy voting. The Legal and Compliance Department maintains a matrix of proxy voting authority.

Proxy Gathering


Registered owners of record, client custodians, client banks and trustees (“Proxy Recipients”) that receive proxy materials on behalf of clients should forward them to Corporate Actions. Proxy Recipients for new clients (or, if Western Asset becomes aware that the applicable Proxy Recipient for an existing client has changed, the Proxy Recipient for the existing client) are notified at start-up of appropriate routing to Corporate Actions of proxy materials received and reminded of their responsibility to forward all proxy materials on a timely basis. If Western Asset personnel other than Corporate Actions receive proxy materials, they should promptly forward the materials to Corporate Actions.

Proxy Voting

Once proxy materials are received by Corporate Actions, they are forwarded to the Legal and Compliance Department for coordination and the following actions:

 

  1.

Proxies are reviewed to determine accounts impacted.

 

  2.

Impacted accounts are checked to confirm Western Asset voting authority.

 

  3.

Legal and Compliance Department staff reviews proxy issues to determine any material conflicts of interest. (See conflicts of interest section of these procedures for further information on determining material conflicts of interest.)

 

  4.

If a material conflict of interest exists, (i) to the extent reasonably practicable and permitted by applicable law, the client is promptly notified, the conflict is disclosed and Western Asset obtains the client’s proxy voting instructions, and (ii) to the extent that it is not reasonably practicable or permitted by applicable law to notify the client and obtain such instructions (e.g., the client is a mutual fund or other commingled vehicle or is an ERISA plan client), Western Asset seeks voting instructions from an independent third party.

 

  5.

Legal and Compliance Department staff provides proxy material to the appropriate research analyst or portfolio manager to obtain their recommended vote. Research analysts and portfolio managers determine votes on a case-by-case basis taking into the account the voting guidelines contained in these procedures. For avoidance of doubt, depending on the best interest of each individual client, Western Asset may vote the same proxy differently for different clients. The analyst’s or portfolio manager’s basis for their decision is documented and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.

 

  6.

Legal and Compliance Department staff votes the proxy pursuant to the instructions received in (d) or (e) and returns the voted proxy as indicated in the proxy materials.

Timing

Western Asset personnel act in such a manner to ensure that, absent special circumstances, the proxy gathering, and proxy voting steps noted above can be completed before the applicable deadline for returning proxy votes.

Recordkeeping

Western Asset maintains records of proxies voted pursuant to Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act and ERISA DOL Bulletin 94-2. These records include:

 

  a.

A copy of Western Asset’s policies and procedures.

 

  b.

Copies of proxy statements received regarding client securities.

 

  c.

A copy of any document created by Western Asset that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies.

 

  d.

Each written client request for proxy voting records and Western Asset’s written response to both verbal and written client requests.

 

  e.

A proxy log including:

 

  1.

Issuer name;

 

  2.

Exchange ticker symbol of the issuer’s shares to be voted;


  3.

Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the shares to be voted;

 

  4.

A brief identification of the matter voted on;

 

  5.

Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a shareholder of the issuer;

 

  6.

Whether a vote was cast on the matter;

 

  7.

A record of how the vote was cast; and

 

  8.

Whether the vote was cast for or against the recommendation of the issuer’s management team.

Records are maintained in an easily accessible place for five years, the first two in Western Asset’s offices.

Disclosure

Western Asset’s proxy policies are described in the firm’s Part 2A of Form ADV. Clients will be provided a copy of these policies and procedures upon request. In addition, upon request, clients may receive reports on how their proxies have been voted.

Conflicts of Interest

All proxies are reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department for material conflicts of interest.

Issues to be reviewed include, but are not limited to:

 

  1.

Whether Western (or, to the extent required to be considered by applicable law, its affiliates) manages assets for the company or an employee group of the company or otherwise has an interest in the company;

 

  2.

Whether Western or an officer or director of Western or the applicable portfolio manager or analyst responsible for recommending the proxy vote (together, “Voting Persons”) is a close relative of or has a personal or business relationship with an executive, director or person who is a candidate for director of the company or is a participant in a proxy contest; and

 

  3.

Whether there is any other business or personal relationship where a Voting Person has a personal interest in the outcome of the matter before shareholders.

Voting Guidelines

Western Asset’s substantive voting decisions turn on the particular facts and circumstances of each proxy vote and are evaluated by the designated research analyst or portfolio manager. The examples outlined below are meant as guidelines to aid in the decision making process.

Guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals which have been approved and are recommended by a company’s board of directors; Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements; Part III addresses issues relating to voting shares of investment companies; and Part IV addresses unique considerations pertaining to foreign issuers.

 

I.

Board Approved Proposals

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself that have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies, Western Asset generally votes in support of decisions reached by independent boards of directors. More specific guidelines related to certain board-approved proposals are as follows:

 

  1.

Matters relating to the Board of Directors


Western Asset votes proxies for the election of the company’s nominees for directors and for board- approved proposals on other matters relating to the board of directors with the following exceptions:

 

  a.

Votes are withheld for the entire board of directors if the board does not have a majority of independent directors or the board does not have nominating, audit and compensation committees composed solely of independent directors.

 

  b.

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director.

 

  c.

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for absences.

 

  d.

Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.

 

  2.

Matters relating to Executive Compensation

Western Asset generally favors compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

 

  a.

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for stock option plans that will result in a minimal annual dilution.

 

  b.

Western Asset votes against stock option plans or proposals that permit replacing or repricing of underwater options.

 

  c.

Western Asset votes against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.

 

  d.

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for employee stock purchase plans that limit the discount for shares purchased under the plan to no more than 15% of their market value, have an offering period of 27 months or less and result in dilution of 10% or less.

 

  3.

Matters relating to Capitalization

The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flows, financing needs and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of each company. As a result, Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization except where Western Asset is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

 

  a.

Western Asset votes for proposals relating to the authorization of additional common stock.

 

  b.

Western Asset votes for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).

 

  c.

Western Asset votes for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.

 

  4.

Matters relating to Acquisitions, Mergers, Reorganizations and Other Transactions

Western Asset votes these issues on a case-by-case basis on board-approved transactions.

 

  5.

Matters relating to Anti-Takeover Measures

Western Asset votes against board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures except as follows:

 

  a.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans.

 

  b.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

 

  6.

Other Business Matters


Western Asset votes for board-approved proposals approving such routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting.

 

  a.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws.

 

  b.

Western Asset votes against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.

 

II.

Shareholder Proposals

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of a company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. Western Asset votes in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

 

  a.

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans.

 

  b.

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that are consistent with Western Asset’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

 

  c.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

 

III.

Voting Shares of Investment Companies

Western Asset may utilize shares of open or closed-end investment companies to implement its investment strategies. Shareholder votes for investment companies that fall within the categories listed in Parts I and II above are voted in accordance with those guidelines.

 

  1.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to changes in the investment objectives of an investment company taking into account the original intent of the fund and the role the fund plays in the clients’ portfolios.

 

  2.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis all proposals that would result in increases in expenses (e.g., proposals to adopt 12b-1 plans, alter investment advisory arrangements or approve fund mergers) taking into account comparable expenses for similar funds and the services to be provided.

 

IV.

Voting Shares of Foreign Issuers

In the event Western Asset is required to vote on securities held in non-U.S. issuers – i.e. issuers that are incorporated under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market, the following guidelines are used, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework. These guidelines, however, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for foreign issuers and therefore apply only where applicable.

 

  1.

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of the directors to be independent of management.

 

  2.

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit and compensation committees.

 

  3.

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated.

 

  4.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have preemptive rights.


RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS

For accounts subject to ERISA, as well as other Retirement Accounts, Western Asset is presumed to have the responsibility to vote proxies for the client. The Department of Labor (“DOL”) has issued a bulletin that states that investment managers have the responsibility to vote proxies on behalf of Retirement Accounts unless the authority to vote proxies has been specifically reserved to another named fiduciary. Furthermore, unless Western Asset is expressly precluded from voting the proxies, the DOL has determined that the responsibility remains with the investment manager.

In order to comply with the DOL’s position, Western Asset will be presumed to have the obligation to vote proxies for its Retirement Accounts unless Western Asset has obtained a specific written instruction indicating that: (a) the right to vote proxies has been reserved to a named fiduciary of the client, and (b) Western Asset is precluded from voting proxies on behalf of the client. If Western Asset does not receive such an instruction, Western Asset will be responsible for voting proxies in the best interests of the Retirement Account client and in accordance with any proxy voting guidelines provided by the client.


Western Asset Management Company Limited

Proxy Voting and Corporate Actions Policy

NOTE: Below policy relating to Proxy Voting and Corporate Actions is a global policy for all Western Asset affiliates. As compliance with the Policy is monitored by Western Asset Pasadena affiliate, the Policy has been adopted from US Compliance Manual and therefore all defined terms are those defined in the US Compliance Manual rather than UK Compliance Manual.

As a fixed income only manager, the occasion to vote proxies is very rare. However, the Firm has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the Investment Manager.

While the guidelines included in the procedures are intended to provide a benchmark for voting standards, each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the Firm’s contractual obligations to our clients and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote (such that these guidelines may be overridden to the extent the Firm deems appropriate).

In exercising its voting authority, Western Asset will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Legg Mason Inc. or any of its affiliates (other than Western Asset affiliated companies) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.

RESPONSIBILITY AND OVERSIGHT

The Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department (“Compliance Department”) is responsible for administering and overseeing the proxy voting process. The gathering of proxies is coordinated through the Corporate Actions area of Investment Support (“Corporate Actions”). Research analysts and portfolio managers are responsible for determining appropriate voting positions on each proxy utilizing any applicable guidelines contained in these procedures.

CLIENT AUTHORITY

The Investment Management Agreement for each client is reviewed at account start-up for proxy voting instructions. If an agreement is silent on proxy voting, but contains an overall delegation of discretionary authority or if the account represents assets of an ERISA plan, Western Asset will assume responsibility for proxy voting. The Legal and Compliance Department maintains a matrix of proxy voting authority.

PROXY GATHERING

Registered owners of record, client custodians, client banks and trustees (“Proxy Recipients”) that receive proxy materials on behalf of clients should forward them to Corporate Actions. Proxy Recipients for new clients (or, if Western Asset becomes aware that the applicable Proxy Recipient for an existing client has changed, the Proxy Recipient for the existing client) are notified at start-up of appropriate routing to Corporate Actions of proxy materials received and reminded of their responsibility to forward all proxy materials on a timely basis. If Western Asset personnel other than Corporate Actions receive proxy materials, they should promptly forward the materials to Corporate Actions.

PROXY VOTING

Once proxy materials are received by Corporate Actions, they are forwarded to the Legal and Compliance Department for coordination and the following actions:

 

   

Proxies are reviewed to determine accounts impacted.

 

   

Impacted accounts are checked to confirm Western Asset voting authority.


   

Legal and Compliance Department staff reviews proxy issues to determine any material conflicts of interest. (See conflicts of interest section of these procedures for further information on determining material conflicts of interest.)

 

   

If a material conflict of interest exists, (i) to the extent reasonably practicable and permitted by applicable law, the client is promptly notified, the conflict is disclosed and Western Asset obtains the client’s proxy voting instructions, and (ii) to the extent that it is not reasonably practicable or permitted by applicable law to notify the client and obtain such instructions (e.g., the client is a mutual fund or other commingled vehicle or is an ERISA plan client), Western Asset seeks voting instructions from an independent third party.

 

   

Legal and Compliance Department staff provides proxy material to the appropriate research analyst or portfolio manager to obtain their recommended vote. Research analysts and portfolio managers determine votes on a case-by-case basis taking into account the voting guidelines contained in these procedures. For avoidance of doubt, depending on the best interest of each individual client, Western Asset may vote the same proxy differently for different clients. The analyst’s or portfolio manager’s basis for their decision is documented and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.

 

   

Legal and Compliance Department staff votes the proxy pursuant to the instructions received in (d) or (e) and returns the voted proxy as indicated in the proxy materials.

TIMING

Western Asset personnel act in such a manner to ensure that, absent special circumstances, the proxy gathering and proxy voting steps noted above can be completed before the applicable deadline for returning proxy votes.

RECORDKEEPING

Western Asset maintains records of proxies voted pursuant to Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act and ERISA DOL Bulletin 94-2. These records include:

 

 

A copy of Western Asset’s policies and procedures.

 

 

Copies of proxy statements received regarding client securities.

 

 

A copy of any document created by Western Asset that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies.

 

 

Each written client request for proxy voting records and Western Asset’s written response to both verbal and written client requests.

 

 

A proxy log including:

 

   

Issuer name;

 

   

Exchange ticker symbol of the issuer’s shares to be voted;

 

   

Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the shares to be voted;

 

   

A brief identification of the matter voted on;

 

   

Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a shareholder of the issuer;

 

   

Whether a vote was cast on the matter;

 

   

A record of how the vote was cast; and

 

   

Whether the vote was cast for or against the recommendation of the issuer’s management team.

Records are maintained in an easily accessible place for five years, the first two in Western Asset’s offices.


DISCLOSURE

Western Asset’s proxy policies are described in the firm’s Part 2A of Form ADV. Clients will be provided a copy of these policies and procedures upon request. In addition, upon request, clients may receive reports on how their proxies have been voted.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

All proxies are reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department for material conflicts of interest. Issues to be reviewed include, but are not limited to:

 

 

Whether Western (or, to the extent required to be considered by applicable law, its affiliates) manages assets for the company or an employee group of the company or otherwise has an interest in the company;

 

 

Whether Western or an officer or director of Western or the applicable portfolio manager or analyst responsible for recommending the proxy vote (together, “Voting Persons”) is a close relative of or has a personal or business relationship with an executive, director or person who is a candidate for director of the company or is a participant in a proxy contest; and

 

 

Whether there is any other business or personal relationship where a Voting Person has a personal interest in the outcome of the matter before shareholders.

VOTING GUIDELINES

Western Asset’s substantive voting decisions turn on the particular facts and circumstances of each proxy vote and are evaluated by the designated research analyst or portfolio manager. The examples outlined below are meant as guidelines to aid in the decision making process.

Guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals which have been approved and are recommended by a company’s board of directors; Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements; Part III addresses issues relating to voting shares of investment companies; and Part IV addresses unique considerations pertaining to foreign issuers.

BOARD APPROVAL PROPOSALS

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself that have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies, Western Asset generally votes in support of decisions reached by independent boards of directors. More specific guidelines related to certain board-approved proposals are as follows:

Matters relating to the Board of Directors – Western Asset votes proxies for the election of the company’s nominees for directors and for board-approved proposals on other matters relating to the board of directors with the following exceptions:

 

 

Votes are withheld for the entire board of directors if the board does not have a majority of independent directors or the board does not have nominating, audit and compensation committees composed solely of independent directors.

 

 

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director.

 

 

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for absences.

 

 

Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.

Matters relating to Executive Compensation – Western Asset generally favors compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. Votes are cast on a case-by- case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

 

 

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for stock option plans that will result in a minimal annual dilution.

 

 

Western Asset votes against stock option plans or proposals that permit replacing or repricing of underwater options.


 

Western Asset votes against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.

 

 

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for employee stock purchase plans that limit the discount for shares purchased under the plan to no more than 15% of their market value, have an offering period of 27 months or less and result in dilution of 10% or less.

Matters relating to Capitalization – The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flows, financing needs and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of each company. As a result, Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on board- approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization except where Western Asset is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

 

 

Western Asset votes for proposals relating to the authorization of additional common stock;

 

 

Western Asset votes for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits);

 

 

Western Asset votes for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs;

 

 

Matters relating to Acquisitions, Mergers, Reorganizations and Other Transactions;

 

 

Western Asset votes these issues on a case-by-case basis on board-approved transactions;

Matters relating to Anti-Takeover Measures – Western Asset votes against board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures except as follows:

 

 

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans;

 

 

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

Other Business Matters – Western Asset votes for board-approved proposals approving such routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting.

 

 

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws;

 

 

Western Asset votes against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.

SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of a company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. Western Asset votes in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

 

 

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans;

 

 

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that are consistent with Western Asset’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals;

 

 

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

VOTING SHARES OF INVESTMENT COMPANIES

Western Asset may utilize shares of open or closed-end investment companies to implement its investment strategies. Shareholder votes for investment companies that fall within the categories listed in Parts I and II above are voted in accordance with those guidelines.

 

 

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to changes in the investment objectives of an investment company taking into account the original intent of the fund and the role the fund plays in the clients’ portfolios;

 

 

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis all proposals that would result in increases in expenses (e.g., proposals to adopt 12b-1 plans, alter investment advisory arrangements or approve fund mergers) taking into account comparable expenses for similar funds and the services to be provided.


VOTING SHARES OF FOREIGN ISSUERS

In the event Western Asset is required to vote on securities held in non-U.S. issuers – i.e. issuers that are incorporated under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market, the following guidelines are used, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework. These guidelines, however, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for foreign issuers and therefore apply only where applicable.

 

 

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of the directors to be independent of management;

 

 

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit and compensation committees;

 

 

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated;

 

 

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have preemptive rights.

RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS

For accounts subject to ERISA, as well as other Retirement Accounts, Western Asset is presumed to have the responsibility to vote proxies for the client. The Department of Labor (“DOL”) has issued a bulletin that states that investment managers have the responsibility to vote proxies on behalf of Retirement Accounts unless the authority to vote proxies has been specifically reserved to another named fiduciary.

Furthermore, unless Western Asset is expressly precluded from voting the proxies, the DOL has determined that the responsibility remains with the investment manager.

In order to comply with the DOL’s position, Western Asset will be presumed to have the obligation to vote proxies for its Retirement Accounts unless Western Asset has obtained a specific written instruction indicating that: (a) the right to vote proxies has been reserved to a named fiduciary of the client, and (b) Western Asset is precluded from voting proxies on behalf of the client. If Western Asset does not receive such an instruction, Western Asset will be responsible for voting proxies in the best interests of the Retirement Account client and in accordance with any proxy voting guidelines provided by the client.

CORPORATE ACTIONS

Western Asset must pay strict attention to any corporate actions that are taken with respect to issuers whose securities are held in client accounts. For example, Western Asset must review any tender offers, rights offerings, etc., made in connection with securities owned by clients. Western Asset must also act in a timely manner and in the best interest of each client with respect to any such corporate actions.


Western Asset Management Company Ltd (“WAMJ”) Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

POLICY

As a fixed income only manager, the occasion to vote proxies for WAMJ is very rare. However, the Firm has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients.

While the guidelines included in the procedures are intended to provide a benchmark for voting standards, each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the Firm’s contractual obligations to our clients and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote (such that these guidelines may be overridden to the extent the Firm deems appropriate).

In exercising its voting authority, WAMJ will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Legg Mason Inc. or any of its affiliates (other than Western Asset affiliated companies) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.

PROCEDURE

Responsibility and Oversight

The WAMJ Legal and Compliance Department (“Compliance Department”) is responsible for administering and overseeing the proxy voting process. The gathering of proxies is coordinated through the Corporate Actions area of Investment Operations (“Corporate Actions”). Research analysts and portfolio managers are responsible for determining appropriate voting positions on each proxy utilizing any applicable guidelines contained in these procedures.

Client Authority

The Investment Management Agreement for each client is reviewed at account start-up for proxy voting instructions. If an agreement is silent on proxy voting, but contains an overall delegation of discretionary authority, WAMJ will assume responsibility for proxy voting. The Legal and Compliance Department maintains a matrix of proxy voting authority.

Proxy Gathering

Registered owners of record, client custodians, client banks and trustees (“Proxy Recipients”) that receive proxy materials on behalf of clients should forward them to Corporate Actions. Proxy Recipients for new clients (or, if WAMJ becomes aware that the applicable Proxy Recipient for an existing client has changed, the Proxy Recipient for the existing client) are notified at start-up of appropriate routing to Corporate Actions of proxy materials received and reminded of their responsibility to forward all proxy materials on a timely basis. If WAMJ personnel other than Corporate Actions receive proxy materials, they should promptly forward the materials to Corporate Actions.

Proxy Voting

Once proxy materials are received by Corporate Actions, they are forwarded to the Legal and Compliance Department for coordination and the following actions:

 

  a.

Proxies are reviewed to determine accounts impacted.

 

  b.

Impacted accounts are checked to confirm WAMJ voting authority.

 

  c.

Legal and Compliance Department staff reviews proxy issues to determine any material conflicts of interest. (See conflicts of interest section of these procedures for further information on determining material conflicts of interest.)

 

  d.

If a material conflict of interest exists, (i) to the extent reasonably practicable and permitted by applicable law, the client is promptly notified, the conflict is disclosed and WAMJ obtains the client’s proxy voting instructions, and (ii) to the extent that it is not reasonably practicable or permitted by applicable law to notify the client and obtain such instructions (e.g., the client is a


  mutual fund or other commingled vehicle), WAMJ seeks voting instructions from an independent third party.

 

  e.

Legal and Compliance Department staff provides proxy material to the appropriate research analyst or portfolio manager to obtain their recommended vote. Research analysts and portfolio managers determine votes on a case-by-case basis taking into account the voting guidelines contained in these procedures. For avoidance of doubt, depending on the best interest of each individual client, WAMJ may vote the same proxy differently for different clients. The analyst’s or portfolio manager’s basis for their decision is documented and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.

 

  f.

Legal and Compliance Department staff votes the proxy pursuant to the instructions received in (d) or (e) and returns the voted proxy as indicated in the proxy materials.

Timing

WAMJ personnel act in such a manner to ensure that, absent special circumstances, the proxy gathering and proxy voting steps noted above can be completed before the applicable deadline for returning proxy votes.

Recordkeeping

WAMJ maintains records of proxies. These records include:

 

  a.

A copy of WAMJ’s policies and procedures.

 

  b.

Copies of proxy statements received regarding client securities.

 

  c.

A copy of any document created by WAMJ that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies.

 

  d.

Each written client request for proxy voting records and WAMJ’s written response to both verbal and written client requests.

 

  e.

A proxy log including:

 

  1.

Issuer name;

 

  2.

Exchange ticker symbol of the issuer’s shares to be voted;

 

  3.

Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the shares to be voted;

 

  4.

A brief identification of the matter voted on;

 

  5.

Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a shareholder of the issuer;

 

  6.

Whether a vote was cast on the matter;

 

  7.

A record of how the vote was cast; and

 

  8.

Whether the vote was cast for or against the recommendation of the issuer’s management team.

Records are maintained in an easily accessible place for five years, the first two in WAMJ’s offices.

Disclosure

WAMJ’s proxy policies are described in the firm’s Part 2A of Form ADV. Clients will be provided a copy of these policies and procedures upon request. In addition, upon request, clients may receive reports on how their proxies have been voted.

Conflicts of Interest

All proxies are reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department for material conflicts of interest. Issues to be reviewed include, but are not limited to:


  1.

Whether Western (or, to the extent required to be considered by applicable law, its affiliates) manages assets for the company or an employee group of the company or otherwise has an interest in the company;

 

  2.

Whether Western or an officer or director of Western or the applicable portfolio manager or analyst responsible for recommending the proxy vote (together, “Voting Persons”) is a close relative of or has a personal or business relationship with an executive, director or person who is a candidate for director of the company or is a participant in a proxy contest; and

 

  3.

Whether there is any other business or personal relationship where a Voting Person has a personal interest in the outcome of the matter before shareholders.

Voting Guidelines

WAMJ’s substantive voting decisions turn on the particular facts and circumstances of each proxy vote and are evaluated by the designated research analyst or portfolio manager. The examples outlined below are meant as guidelines to aid in the decision making process.

Guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals which have been approved and are recommended by a company’s board of directors; Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements; Part III addresses issues relating to voting shares of investment companies; and Part IV addresses unique considerations pertaining to foreign issuers.

 

  1b.

Board Approved Proposals

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself that have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies, WAMJ generally votes in support of decisions reached by independent boards of directors. More specific guidelines related to certain board-approved proposals are as follows:

 

  1.

Matters relating to the Board of Directors

WAMJ votes proxies for the election of the company’s nominees for directors and for board-approved proposals on other matters relating to the board of directors with the following exceptions:

 

  a.

Votes are withheld for the entire board of directors if the board does not have a majority of independent directors or the board does not have nominating, audit and compensation committees composed solely of independent directors.

 

  b.

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director.

 

  c.

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for absences.

 

  d.

Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.

 

  2.

Matters relating to Executive Compensation

WAMJ generally favors compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

 

  a.

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, WAMJ votes for stock option plans that will result in a minimal annual dilution.

 

  b.

WAMJ votes against stock option plans or proposals that permit replacing or repricing of underwater options.

 

  c.

WAMJ votes against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.


  d.

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, WAMJ votes for employee stock purchase plans that limit the discount for shares purchased under the plan to no more than 15% of their market value, have an offering period of 27 months or less and result in dilution of 10% or less.

 

  3.

Matters relating to Capitalization

The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flows, financing needs and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of each company. As a result, WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization except where WAMJ is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

 

  a.

WAMJ votes for proposals relating to the authorization of additional common stock.

 

  b.

WAMJ votes for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).

 

  c.

WAMJ votes for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.

 

  4.

Matters relating to Acquisitions, Mergers, Reorganizations and Other Transactions WAMJ votes these issues on a case-by-case basis on board-approved transactions.

 

  5.

Matters relating to Anti-Takeover Measures

WAMJ votes against board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures except as follows:

 

  a.

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans.

 

  b.

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

 

  6.

Other Business Matters

WAMJ votes for board-approved proposals approving such routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting.

 

  a.

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws.

 

  b.

WAMJ votes against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.

 

  2b.

Shareholder Proposals

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of a company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. WAMJ votes in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

 

  a.

WAMJ votes for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans.

 

  b.

WAMJ votes for shareholder proposals that are consistent with WAMJ’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

 

  c.

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

 

  3b.

Voting Shares of Investment Companies

WAMJ may utilize shares of open or closed-end investment companies to implement its investment strategies. Shareholder votes for investment companies that fall within the categories listed in Parts I and II above are voted in accordance with those guidelines.

 

   

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to changes in the investment objectives of an investment company taking into account the original intent of the fund and the role the fund plays in the clients’ portfolios.


   

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis all proposals that would result in increases in expenses (e.g., proposals to adopt 12b-1 plans, alter investment advisory arrangements or approve fund mergers) taking into account comparable expenses for similar funds and the services to be provided.

 

  4b.

Voting Shares of Foreign Issuers

In the event WAMJ is required to vote on securities held in non-U.S. issuers – i.e. issuers that are incorporated under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market, the following guidelines are used, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework. These guidelines, however, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for foreign issuers and therefore apply only where applicable.

 

  1.

WAMJ votes for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of the directors to be independent of management.

 

  2.

WAMJ votes for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit and compensation committees.

 

  3.

WAMJ votes for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated.

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have preemptive rights.


Western Asset Management Company Pte. Ltd. (“WAMS”)

Compliance Policies and Procedures

Proxy Voting

WAMS has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and the applicable laws and regulations. In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts.

While the guidelines included in the procedures are intended to provide a benchmark for voting standards, each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the Firm’s contractual obligations to our clients and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote (such that these guidelines may be overridden to the extent the Firm deems appropriate).

In exercising its voting authority, WAMS will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Legg Mason Inc. or any of its affiliates (other than Western Asset affiliated companies) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.

Procedure

Responsibility and Oversight

The Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department is responsible for administering  and overseeing the proxy voting process. The gathering of proxies is coordinated through the Corporate Actions area of Investment Support (“Corporate Actions”). Research and portfolio managers are determining appropriate voting positions on each proxy utilizing any applicable guidelines contained in these procedures.

Client Authority

The Investment Management Agreement for each client is reviewed at account start-up for proxy voting instructions. If an agreement is silent on proxy voting, but contains an overall delegation of discretionary authority or if the account represents assets of an ERISA plan, Western Asset will assume responsibility for proxy voting. The Legal and Compliance Department maintains a matrix of proxy voting authority.

Proxy Gathering

Registered owners of record, client custodians, client banks and trustees (“Proxy Recipients”) that receive proxy materials on behalf of clients should forward them to Corporate Actions. Proxy Recipients for new clients (or, if Western Asset becomes aware that the applicable Proxy Recipients for an existing client has changed, the Proxy Recipient for the existing client) are notified at start-up of appropriate routing to Corporate Actions of proxy materials received and reminded to their responsibility to forward all proxy materials on a timely basis. If Western Asset personnel other than Corporate Actions receive proxy materials, they should promptly forward the materials to Corporate Actions.

Proxy Voting

Once proxy materials are received by Corporate Actions, they are forwarded to the Legal and Compliance Department for coordination and the following actions:

 

  1.

Proxies are reviewed to determine accounts impacted.

 

  2.

Impacted accounts are checked to confirm Western Asset voting authority.

 

  3.

Legal and Compliance Department staff reviews proxy issues to determine any material conflicts of interest. [See conflicts of interest section of these procedures for further information on determining material conflicts of interest.]

 

  4.

If a material conflict of interest exists, (4.1) to the extent reasonably practicable and permitted by applicable law, the client is promptly notified, the conflict is disclosed and Western Asset obtains the client’s proxy voting instructions, and (4.2) to the extent that it is not reasonably practicable or permitted by applicable law to notify the client and obtain such instructions (e.g., the client is a


  mutual fund or other commingled vehicle or is an ERISA plan client), Western Asset seeks voting instructions from an independent third party.

 

  5.

Legal and Compliance Department staff provides proxy material to the appropriate  research analyst or portfolio manager to obtain their recommended vote. Research analysts and portfolio managers determine votes on a case-by-case basis taking into the account the voting guidelines contained in these procedures. For avoidance of doubt, depending on the best interest of each individual client, Western Asset may vote the same proxy differently for different clients. The analyst’s or portfolio manager’s basis for their decision is documented and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.

 

  6.

Legal and Compliance Department staff votes the proxy pursuant to the instructions received in (4) or (5) and returns the voted proxy as indicated in the proxy materials.

Timing

Western Asset personnel act in such a manner to ensure that, absent special circumstances, the proxy gathering and proxy voting steps noted above can be completed before the applicable deadline for returning proxy votes.

Recordkeeping

Western Asset maintains records of proxies voted pursuant to Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act and ERISA DOL Bulletin 94-2. These records include:

 

   

A copy of Western Asset’s policies and procedures.

 

   

Copies of proxy statements received regarding client securities.

 

   

A copy of any document created by Western Asset that was material to  making a decision how to vote proxies.

 

   

Each written client request for proxy voting records and Western Asset’s  written response to both verbal and written client requests.

 

   

A proxy log including:

 

   

Issuer name;

 

   

Exchange ticker symbol of the issuer’s shares to be voted;

 

   

Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the shares to be voted;

 

   

A brief identification of the matter voted on;

 

   

Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a shareholder of the issuer;

 

   

Whether a vote was cast on the matter;

 

   

A record of how the vote was cast; and

Whether the vote was cast for or against the recommendation of the issuer’s management team. Records are maintained in an easily accessible plan for five years, the first two in Western Asset’s offices.

Disclosure

Western Asset’s proxy policies are described in the firm’s Part 2A of Form ADV. Clients will be provided a copy of these policies and procedures upon request. In addition, upon request, clients may receive reports on how their proxies have been voted.

Conflicts of Interest

All proxies are reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department for material conflicts of interest. Issues to be reviewed include, but are not limited to:


   

Whether Western (or, to the extent required to be considered by applicable law, it affiliates) manages assets for the company or an employee group of the company or otherwise has an interest in the company;

 

   

Whether Western or an officer or director of Western or the applicable portfolio manager or analyst responsible for recommending the proxy vote (together, “Voting Persons”) is a close relative of or has a personal or business relationship with an executive, director or person who is a candidate for director of the company or is a participant in a proxy contest; and

 

   

Whether there is any other business or personal relationship where a Voting  Person has a personal interest in the outcome of the matter before shareholders.

Voting Guidelines

Western Asset’s substantive voting decisions turn on the particular facts and  circumstances of each proxy vote and are evaluated by the designated research analyst or portfolio manager. The examples outlined below are meant as guidelines to aid in the decision making process.

Guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part 1 deals with proposals which have been approved and are recommended by a company’s board of directors; Part 2 deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements; Part 3 addresses issues relating to voting shares of investment companies; and Part 4 addresses unique considerations pertaining to foreign issuers.

Part 1 - Board Approved Proposals

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve  proposals made by a company itself that have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies, Western Asset generally votes in support of decisions reached by independent boards of directors. More specific guidelines related to certain board-approved proposals are as follows:

 

   

Matters relating to the Board of Directors.

Western Asset votes proxies for the election of the company’s nominees for directors and for board-approved proposals on other matters relating to the board of directors with the following exceptions:

 

   

Votes are withheld for the entire board of directors if the board does not have a majority of independent directors or the board does not have nominating, audit and compensation committees composed solely of independent directors.

 

   

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director.

 

   

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for absences.

 

   

Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.

 

   

Matters relating to Executive Compensation.

Western Asset generally favors compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

 

   

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for stock option plans that will result in a minimal annual dilution.

 

   

Western Asset votes against stock option plans or proposals that permit replacing or re-pricing of underwater options.

 

   

Western Asset votes against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.


   

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for employee stock purchase plans that limit the discount for shares purchased under the plan to no more than 15% of their market value, have an offering period of 27 months or less result in dilution of 10% or less.

 

   

Matters relating to Capitalization.

The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flows, financing needs and market conditions that are unique to the circumstance of each company. As a result, Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization except where Western Asset is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

 

   

Western Asset votes for proposals relating to the authorization of additional common stock.

 

   

Western Asset votes for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).

 

   

Western Asset votes for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.

 

   

Matters relating to Acquisitions, Mergers, Reorganizations and Other Transactions. Western Asset votes these issues on a case-by-case basis on board-approved transactions.

 

   

Matters relating to Anti-Takeover Measures. Western Asset votes against board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures except as follows:

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder right plans.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

 

   

Other Business Matters. Western Asset votes for board-approved proposals approving such routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws.

 

   

Western Asset votes against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.

Part 2 - Shareholder Proposals  SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy voting statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of a company’s corporate governance structure or to changes some aspect of its business operations. Western Asset votes in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

 

   

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of  shareholder rights plans.

 

   

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that are consistent with Western  Asset’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

Part 3 - Voting  Shares of Investment Companies Western Asset may utilize shares of open or closed-end investment companies to implement its investment strategies. Shareholder votes for investment companies that fall within the categories listed in Parts 1 and 2 above are voted in accordance with those guidelines.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to changes in the investment objectives of an investment company taking into account the original intent of the fund and the role the fund plays in the clients’ portfolios.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis all proposals that would result in increases in expenses (e.g. proposals to adopt 12b-1 plans, alter investment advisory arrangements or approve fund mergers) taking into account comparable expenses for similar funds and the services to be provided.


Part 4 - Voting Shares of Foreign Issuers

In the event Western Asset is required to vote on securities held in non-U.S. issuers –i.e. issuers that are incorporated under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market, the following guidelines are used, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance disclosure foreign issuers and therefore apply only where applicable.

 

   

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of the directors to be independent of management.

 

   

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence  of board nominating, audit and compensation committees.

 

   

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have pre-emptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have pre-emptive rights.

Retirement Accounts

For accounts subject to ERISA, as well as other Retirement Accounts, Western Asset is presumed to have the responsibility to vote proxies for the client. The Department of Labor (“DOL”) has issued a bulletin that states that investment managers have the responsibility to vote proxies on behalf of Retirement Accounts unless the authority to vote proxies has been specifically reserved to another named fiduciary. Furthermore, unless Western Asset is expressly precluded from voting the proxies, the DOL has determined that the responsibility remains with the investment manager.

In order to comply with the DOL’s position, Western Asset will be presumed to have the obligation to vote proxies for its Retirement Accounts unless Western Asset has obtained a specific written instruction indicating that: (1) the right to vote proxies has been reserved to a named fiduciary of the client, and (2) Western Asset is precluded from voting proxies on behalf of the client. If Western Asset does not receive such an instruction, Western Asset will be responsible for voting proxies in the best interests of the Retirement Account client and in accordance with any proxy voting guidelines provided by the client.


ITEM 8.

INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS OF CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES.

(a)(1):

 

NAME AND

ADDRESS

  

LENGTH OF

TIME SERVED

  

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING

PAST 5 YEARS

S. Kenneth Leech

 

Western Asset

385 East

Colorado Blvd.

Pasadena, CA

91101

   Since 2014    Responsible for the day-to-day management with other members of the Fund’s portfolio management team; Chief Investment Officer of Western Asset from 1998 to 2008 and since 2014; Senior Advisor/Chief Investment Officer Emeritus of Western Asset from 2008-2013; Co- Chief Investment Officer of Western Asset from 2013-2014.

Christopher F. Kilpatrick

 

Western Asset

385 East

Colorado Blvd.

Pasadena, CA

91101

   Since 2012    Responsible for the day-to-day management with other members of the Fund’s portfolio management team; employed by Western Asset Management as an investment professional for at least the past five years.

Michael C. Buchanan

 

Western Asset

385 East

Colorado

Blvd.

Pasadena, CA

91101

   Since 2006    Responsible for the day-to-day management with other members of the Fund’s portfolio management team; formerly, Managing Director and head of U.S. Credit Products from 2003-2005 at Credit Suisse Asset Management


(a)(2): DATA TO BE PROVIDED BY FINANCIAL CONTROL

The following tables set forth certain additional information with respect to the fund’s investment professionals for the fund. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of September 30, 2020.

Other Accounts Managed by Investment Professionals

The table below identifies the number of accounts (other than the fund) for which the fund’s investment professionals have day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories:

registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts. For each category, the number of accounts and total assets in the accounts where fees are based on performance is also indicated.

 

Name of PM

 

Type of Account

  Number of
Accounts
Managed
  Total Assets
Managed
   

Number of
Accounts
Managed for

which

Advisory

Fee is

Performance-

Based

  Assets
Managed for

which
Advisory Fee

is
Performance-
Based
 

S. Kenneth Leech‡

  Other Registered Investment Companies   101   $ 173.6 billion     None     None  
  Other Pooled Vehicles   226   $ 80.1 billion     10   $ 1.4 billion  
  Other Accounts   635   $ 225.5 billion     25   $ 15.2 billion  

Michael C. Buchanan ‡

  Other Registered Investment Companies   36   $ 19.0 billion     None     None  
  Other Pooled Vehicles   64   $ 21.4 billion     5   $ 775 million  
  Other Accounts   163   $ 73.7 billion     10   $ 7.0 billion  

Christopher Kilpatrick ‡

  Other Registered Investment Companies   10   $ 2.9 billion     None     None  
  Other Pooled Vehicles   5   $ 496 million     None     None  
  Other Accounts   4   $ 1.6 billion     None     None  

 

The numbers above reflect the overall number of portfolios managed by employees of Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset”). Mr.Leech is involved in the management of all the Firm’s portfolios, but they are not solely responsible for particular portfolios. Western Asset’s investment discipline emphasizes a team approach that combines the efforts of groups of specialists working in different market sectors. They are responsible


  for overseeing implementation of Western Asset’s overall investment ideas and coordinating the work of the various sector teams. This structure ensures that client portfolios benefit from a consensus that draws on the expertise of all team members.

(a)(3): Investment Professional Compensation

With respect to the compensation of the investment professionals, Western Asset’s compensation system assigns each employee a total compensation range, which is derived from annual market surveys that benchmark each role with its job function and peer universe. This method is designed to reward employees with total compensation reflective of the external market value of their skills, experience, and ability to produce desired results. Standard compensation includes competitive base salaries, generous employee benefits, and a retirement plan.

In addition, the subadviser’s employees are eligible for bonuses. These are structured to closely align the interests of employees with those of the subadviser, and are determined by the professional’s job function and pre-tax performance as measured by a formal review process. All bonuses are completely discretionary. The principal factor considered is an investment professional’s investment performance versus appropriate peer groups and benchmarks (e.g., a securities index and with respect to a fund, the benchmark set forth in the fund’s Prospectus to which the fund’s average annual total returns are compared or, if none, the benchmark set forth in the fund’s annual report). Performance is reviewed on a 1, 3 and 5 year basis for compensation—with 3 years having the most emphasis. The subadviser may also measure an investment professional’s pre-tax investment performance against other benchmarks, as it determines appropriate. Because investment professionals are generally responsible for multiple accounts (including the funds) with similar investment strategies, they are generally compensated on the performance of the aggregate group of similar accounts, rather than a specific account. Other factors that may be considered when making bonus decisions include client service, business development, length of service to the subadviser, management or supervisory responsibilities, contributions to developing business strategy and overall contributions to the subadviser’s business.

Finally, in order to attract and retain top talent, all professionals are eligible for additional incentives in recognition of outstanding performance. These are determined based upon the factors described above and include Legg Mason stock options and long-term incentives that vest over a set period of time past the award date.

Potential Conflicts of Interest

The subadviser has adopted compliance policies and procedures to address a wide range of potential conflicts of interest that could directly impact client portfolios. For example, potential conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the management of multiple portfolios (including portfolios managed in a personal capacity). These could include potential conflicts of interest related to the knowledge and timing of a portfolio’s trades, investment opportunities and broker selection. Portfolio managers are privy to the size, timing, and possible market impact of a portfolio’s trades.

It is possible that an investment opportunity may be suitable for both a portfolio and other accounts managed by a portfolio manager, but may not be available in sufficient quantities for both the portfolio and the other accounts to participate fully. Similarly, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by a portfolio and another account. A conflict may arise where the portfolio manager may have an incentive to treat an account preferentially as compared to a portfolio because the account pays a performance-based fee


or the portfolio manager, the subadviser or an affiliate has an interest in the account. The subadviser has adopted procedures for allocation of portfolio transactions and investment opportunities across multiple client accounts on a fair and equitable basis over time. Eligible accounts that can participate in a trade generally share the same price on a pro-rata allocation basis, taking into account differences based on factors such as cash availability, investment restrictions and guidelines, and portfolio composition versus strategy.

With respect to securities transactions, the subadviser determines which broker or dealer to use to execute each order, consistent with their duty to seek best execution of the transaction. However, with respect to certain other accounts (such as pooled investment vehicles that are not registered investment companies and other accounts managed for organizations and individuals), the subadviser may be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or dealers or may be instructed to direct trades through a particular broker or dealer. In these cases, trades for a portfolio in a particular security may be placed separately from, rather than aggregated with, such other accounts. Having separate transactions with respect to a security may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the possible detriment of a portfolio or the other account(s) involved. Additionally, the management of multiple portfolios and/or other accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each portfolio and/or other account. The subadviser’s team approach to portfolio management and block trading approach seeks to limit this potential risk.

The subadviser also maintains a gift and entertainment policy to address the potential for a business contact to give gifts or host entertainment events that may influence the business judgment of an employee. Employees are permitted to retain gifts of only a nominal value and are required to make reimbursement for entertainment events above a certain value. All gifts (except those of a de minimis value) and entertainment events that are given or sponsored by a business contact are required to be reported in a gift and entertainment log which is reviewed on a regular basis for possible issues.

Employees of the subadviser have access to transactions and holdings information regarding client accounts and the subadviser’s overall trading activities. This information represents a potential conflict of interest because employees may take advantage of this information as they trade in their personal accounts. Accordingly, the subadviser maintains a Code of Ethics that is compliant with Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, to address personal trading. In addition, the Code of Ethics seeks to establish broader principles of good conduct and fiduciary responsibility in all aspects of the subadviser’s business. The Code of Ethics is administered by the Legal and Compliance Department and monitored through the subadviser’s compliance monitoring program.

The subadviser may also face other potential conflicts of interest with respect to managing client assets, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict of interest that could be deemed to exist. The subadviser also maintains a compliance monitoring program and engages independent auditors to conduct a SOC1/ISAE 3402 audit on an annual basis. These steps help to ensure that potential conflicts of interest have been addressed.


(a)(4): Investment Professional Securities Ownership

The table below identifies the dollar range of securities beneficially owned by each investment professional as of September 30, 2020.

 

Investment Professional(s)

   Dollar Range of
Portfolio
Securities
Beneficially
Owned

S. Kenneth Leech

   A

Christopher Kilpatrick

   E

Michael C. Buchanan

   A

Dollar Range ownership is as follows:

A: none

B: $1 - $10,000

C: 10,001 - $50,000

D: $50,001 - $100,000

E: $100,001 - $500,000

F: $500,001 - $1 million

G: over $1 million

 

ITEM 9.

PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANY AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

 

     (a)      (b)      (c)      (d)  
Period    Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
     Average
Price
Paid per
Share
     Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of
Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs
     Maximum
Number of
Shares that
May Yet Be
Purchased
Under the
Plans or
Programs
 

October 1 through October 31

     0        0        0        11,640,545  

November 1 through November 30

     0        0        0        11,640,545  

December 1 through December 31

     0        0        0        11,640,545  

January 1 through January 31

     0        0        0        11,640,545  

February 1 through February 29

     0        0        0        11,640,545  

March 1 through March 31

     923,360      $ 3.61        923,360        10,717,185  


April 1 through April 30

     227,222      $ 3.93        227,222        10,489,963  

May 1 through May 31

     0        0        0        10,489,963  

June 1 through June 30

     0        0        0        10,489,963  

July 1 through July 31

     0        0        0        10,489,963  

August 1 through August 31

     0        0        0        10,489,963  

September 1 through September 30

     0        0        0        10,489,963  

Total

           

On November 16, 2015, the Fund announced that the Fund’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) had authorized the Fund to repurchase in the open market up to approximately 10% of the Fund’s outstanding common stock when the Fund’s shares are trading at a discount to net asset value. The Board has directed management of the Fund to repurchase shares of common stock at such times and in such amounts as management reasonably believes may enhance stockholder value. The Fund is under no obligation to purchase shares at any specific discount levels or in any specific amounts.

 

ITEM 10.

SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 11.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

 

  (a)

The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a- 3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”)) are effective as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this report that includes the disclosure required by this paragraph, based on their evaluation of the disclosure controls and procedures required by Rule 30a-3(b) under the 1940 Act and 15d-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

  (b)

There were no changes in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the 1940 Act) that occurred during the second fiscal quarter of the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are likely to materially affect the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

ITEM 12.

DISCLOSURE OF SECURITIES LENDING ACTIVITIES FOR CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES.

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 13.

EXHIBITS.


(a) (1) Code of Ethics attached hereto.

Exhibit  99.CODE ETH

(a) (2)  Certifications pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 attached hereto.

Exhibit 99.CERT

(b) Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 attached hereto.

Exhibit 99.906CERT


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, there unto duly authorized.

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

By:  

/s/ Jane Trust

  Jane Trust
  Chief Executive Officer
Date:   November 25, 2020

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

By:  

/s/ Jane Trust

  Jane Trust
  Chief Executive Officer
Date:   November 25, 2020
By:  

/s/ Christopher Berarducci

  Christopher Berarducci
  Principal Financial Officer
Date:   November 25, 2020
EX-99.CODE 2 d17238dex99code.htm CODE OF ETHICS CODE OF ETHICS

CODE OF ETHICS

I. Introduction

A. Individuals Covered by the Code

This Code applies to all employees of Legg Mason & Co., LLC and interested directors of the Proprietary Funds who are not otherwise subject to another code of ethics adopted pursuant to either Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act or Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act (“Covered Persons”).

 

1.

Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this Code covers all employees of Legg Mason & Co., LLC who perform services on behalf of the Proprietary Funds as part of the following regulated entities:

 

a.

Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC (“LMIS”).

 

b.

Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA”).

 

2.

For the avoidance of doubt, each of the Legg Mason Registered Advisers (other than LMPFA) have adopted their own codes of ethics, and employees of the Legg Mason Registered Advisers who are subject to the requirements of those codes of ethics (including any who may be registered representatives of LMIS) are not subject to the requirements of this Code.

B. Standards of Business Conduct

This Code is based on the principle that Legg Mason and its affiliates owe a fiduciary duty to Legg Mason’s clients, and that all Covered Persons must therefore avoid activities, interests and relationships that might (i) present a conflict of interest or the appearance of a conflict of interest, or (ii) otherwise interfere with Legg Mason’s ability to make decisions in the best interests of any of its clients. In particular, Covered Persons must at all times comply with the following standards of business conduct:

 

1.

Compliance with Applicable Law. All Covered Persons must comply with the Federal Securities Laws that apply to the business of Legg Mason.

 

2.

Clients Come First. Covered Persons must scrupulously avoid serving their personal interests ahead of the interests of clients. For example, a Covered Person may not induce or cause a client to take action, or not to take action, for the Covered Person’s personal benefit at the expense of the client’s best interests.

 

3.

Avoid Taking Advantage. Covered Persons may not use their knowledge of the Legg Mason Registered Advisers’ investment activities or client portfolio holdings to profit by the market effect of such activities or to engage in short-term or other abusive trading in Reportable Funds.

 

4.

Avoid Other Inappropriate Relationships or Activities. Covered Persons should avoid relationships or activities that could call into question the Covered Person’s ability to exercise independent judgment in the best interests of Legg Mason’s clients. In particular, Covered Persons should take note of the provisions of the Legg Mason Code of Conduct and the Legg Mason Employee Handbook that pertain to confidentiality, corporate opportunities, gifts and entertainment, insider trading and outside business activities. In addition, Covered Persons who are registered representatives of LMIS should also take note of LMIS’s policies and procedures pertaining to these activities.

 

1


5.

Observe the Spirit of the Code. Doubtful situations should be resolved in favor of Legg Mason’s clients. Technical compliance with the Code’s procedures will not automatically insulate from scrutiny any personal Securities Transactions or other course of conduct that might indicate an abuse of these governing principles.

C. Duty to Report Violations

Covered Persons must promptly report all violations of this Code to the Compliance Department.

D. Fiduciary Duty / Political Contributions

Covered Persons are prohibited from making political contributions for the purpose of obtaining or retaining any Legg Mason Registered Adviser or its affiliates as investment advisers. Covered Persons are specifically prohibited from making political contributions to any person for the purpose of influencing the selection or retention of an investment adviser by a government entity. Covered Persons will be required to certify annually that they have and will comply with this provision.

II. Personal Securities Transactions

A. Prohibited Transactions in Individual Securities

Covered Persons are subject to the following restrictions on their personal trading activities in individual securities:

 

1.

Fraudulent Transactions. In connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by a Covered Person of (A) a Reportable Security which, within the most recent fifteen (15) calendar days, (i) is or has been held by a Legg Mason client, or (ii) is being or has been considered by a Legg Mason Registered Adviser for purchase by a client, or (B) an Equivalent Security thereof, Covered Persons are prohibited from:

 

a.

Employing any device, scheme or artifice to defraud Legg Mason’s clients;

 

b.

Making any untrue statement of a material fact or omitting to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

 

c.

Engaging in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on Legg Mason’s clients; or

 

d.

Engaging in any manipulative practice with respect to Legg Mason’s clients.

 

2.

Inside Information. Covered Persons are prohibited from engaging in any transaction in a Security (or Equivalent Security) at a time when the Covered Person is in possession of material non-public information regarding the Security or the issuer of the Security.

 

3.

Market Manipulation. Covered Persons are prohibited from engaging in any transactions in a Security (or Equivalent Security) intended to raise, lower or maintain the price of that Security or to create a false appearance of active trading in that Security.

 

4.

Trading on the Knowledge of Client Transactions. Covered Persons are prohibited from engaging in any transactions in a Security (or an Equivalent Security) on the basis of any information they may be in possession of to the effect that (i) a Legg Mason Registered Adviser is or may be considering an investment in or sale of such Security on behalf of its clients or (ii) has or may have an open order in such Security on behalf of its clients.

 

2


5.

Legg Mason, Inc. Stock. Covered Persons are prohibited from engaging in any transaction in Legg Mason securities that is not in compliance with the “Legg Mason, Inc. Policies and Procedures Regarding Acquisitions and Dispositions of Legg Mason Securities,” as the same may be amended from time to time. A copy of this policy is available on the Legg Mason Legal and Compliance Website.

B. Prohibited Transactions in Reportable Funds

 

1.

Market Timing in Reportable Funds. No Covered Person may use his or her knowledge of the portfolio holdings or investment activities of a Reportable Fund to engage in any short-term or other abusive trading strategy involving such Fund that may conflict with the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders.

 

2.

60-Day Holding Period for Investments in Proprietary Funds. Subject to the exemptions set forth below, no Covered Person may sell (or exchange out of) shares of a Proprietary Fund in which the Covered Person has a Beneficial Interest if the Covered Person has not held the shares of the same Proprietary Fund for sixty (60) calendar days, including any individual retirement account or 401(k) participant account.

 

3.

Additionally, Proprietary Funds that are sold in the LM 401(k) account are also subject to a 60-day minimum waiting period. No Covered Person may buy (or exchange into) shares of a Proprietary Fund within sixty (60) calendar days of a sell of (or exchange out of) shares of the same Proprietary Fund within the same LM 401(k) account.

The following Securities Transactions involving Proprietary Funds are exempt from the 60-day minimum holding period requirement set forth in this Section II.B.2 and II.B.3:

 

a.

Money Market Funds and Other Short-Term Trading Vehicles. Purchases or redemptions of Proprietary Funds that are money market funds or that hold themselves out as short-term trading vehicles.

 

b.

Managed Accounts. Transactions in Proprietary Funds held in a Managed Account in connection with which the Covered Person has no direct or indirect influence or control over the account, is neither consulted nor advised of the trade before it is executed, and has no knowledge of specific management actions taken by a trustee or investment manager.

 

c.

Systematic Investment. Purchases or redemptions of Proprietary Funds pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan where a prescribed purchase or sale is made automatically on a regular predetermined basis without affirmative action by the Covered Person or pursuant to a similar arrangement approved by the Compliance Department (for example, automated payroll deduction investments by 401(k) participants or automatic dividend reinvestment).

C. Pre-Approval of Investments in Initial Public Offerings and Private Placements

Covered Persons are prohibited from acquiring a Beneficial Interest in a Reportable Security through an initial public offering (other than a new offering of securities issued by a registered open-end investment company) or Private Placement without the prior written approval of the Compliance Department. Requests for such approval shall be submitted to the Compliance Department through Fidelity National Information Services, Inc. (“FIS”)/PTA using substantially the form of “Request for Approval to Invest in an Initial Public Offering or Private Placement” attached hereto as Appendix A.

 

3


D. Reporting and Trading Requirements

 

1.

Acknowledgement of Receipt; Initial and Periodic Disclosure of Personal Holdings; Annual Certification.

 

a.

Within ten (10) calendar days of being identified as a Covered Person under this Code, each Covered Person must acknowledge that he or she has received and reviewed a copy of the Code, and has disclosed all Securities holdings in which such Covered Person has a Beneficial Interest..

 

b.

Thereafter, on an annual basis, each Covered Person shall give the same acknowledgements and, in addition, shall certify that he or she has complied with all applicable provisions of the Code.

 

c.

Such acknowledgments and certifications shall be provided through FIS/PTA using substantially the form of the “Acknowledgement of Receipt of Code of Ethics, Personal Holdings Report and Annual Certification” attached hereto as Appendix B.

 

2.

Execution of Personal Securities Transactions.

 

a.

Approved Accounts. Unless one of the following exceptions applies, Covered Persons must execute their personal securities transactions involving any Reportable Securities or Reportable Funds in which they have or acquire a Beneficial Interest through one of the following two types of accounts (“Approved Accounts”):

 

i.

Approved Securities Accounts. Securities accounts (including IRA accounts) with financial intermediaries that have been approved by the Compliance Department (an “Approved Securities Account”); or

 

ii.

Approved Retirement Accounts. Participant accounts in retirement plans approved by the Compliance Department on the grounds that either (i) automated feeds into FIS/PTA have been established, or (ii) sufficient policies and procedures are in place to protect any Reportable Funds that may be in the plan from the types of activities prohibited by Sections A and B above (an “Approved Retirement Account”).1

 

b.

Exceptions. The following types of accounts are exempt from the requirements of section 2.a above, subject to compliance with the conditions set forth below:

 

i.

Mutual Fund-Only and Managed Accounts. Covered Persons may have or acquire a Beneficial Interest in Mutual Fund-Only and Managed Accounts that are not Approved Securities Accounts, provided that the requirement set forth in this Code relating to a Managed Account or Mutual Fund-Only Account, as the case may be, are satisfied. To qualify for this exemption, a Covered Person must deliver to the Compliance Department through FIS/PTA a certification in substantially the form of the “Certificate for Managed Accounts or Mutual Fund-Only Accounts” attached hereto as Appendix D.

 

ii.

Outside Retirement Accounts. Covered Persons may have or acquire a Beneficial Interest in a retirement account other than an Approved Retirement Account (an “Outside Retirement Account”), provided that the Covered Person complies with the certification or reporting requirements set forth in Section 3.c below, and provided further that, for purposes of this Code, an IRA account shall be treated as a securities account and not as a retirement account.

 

 

1

A list of the approved financial intermediaries and retirement plans may by found on the Legal and Compliance home page on LMEX.

 

4


iii.

Dividend Reinvestment Plans. Covered Person may have or acquire a Beneficial Interest in securities held in a dividend reinvestment plan account directly with the issuer of the securities or its transfer agent (a “Dividend Reinvestment Plan”), subject to compliance with the requirements of Section 3.a below.

 

c.

Outside Securities Accounts. Covered Persons that have or acquire a Beneficial Interest in a securities account (including an IRA account) other than an Approved Account, Mutual Fund-Only Account, Managed Account or Outside Retirement Account (an “Outside Securities Account”) must obtain the prior written approval to maintain such account from the Compliance Department.

 

i.

A request for such approval must be submitted to the Compliance Department through FIS/PTA using substantially the form of “Request for Approval for an Outside Securities Account” attached hereto as Appendix C. Such approvals will only be granted in extraordinary circumstances.

 

ii.

If the Compliance Department does not approve such request, the Covered Person must arrange to transfer or convert such account into an Approved Account, Managed Account, Mutual Fund-Only Account or Outside Retirement Account as promptly as practicable.

 

6.

Transaction Reporting Requirements. Covered Persons shall report all Securities Transactions in which they have a Beneficial Interest to the Compliance Department in accordance with the following provisions:

 

a.

Approved Accounts, Managed Accounts, Mutual Fund Only and Dividend Reinvestment Plan Accounts. Covered Persons will not be required to arrange for the delivery of duplicate copies of confirmations or periodic statements for any Approved Accounts, Managed Accounts, Mutual Fund Only Accounts or Dividend Reinvestment Plans in which they have or acquire a Beneficial Interest. However, the existence of all such accounts must be disclosed to the Compliance Department pursuant to either Section II.D.1 above or II.D.4 below. In addition, copies of any statements for any Managed Accounts, Mutual Fund Only Accounts or Dividend Reinvestment Plans must be made available for review at the specific request of the Compliance Department.

 

b.

Outside Securities Accounts. For any Outside Securities Account approved by the Compliance Department, a Covered Person must arrange for the Compliance Department to receive, directly from the applicable broker-dealer, bank or other financial intermediary, duplicate copies of each confirmation and periodic statement issued by such financial intermediary in respect of such Outside Securities Account.

 

i.

Periodic statements must be received by the Compliance Department no later than thirty (30) calendar days after the close of each calendar quarter. Confirmations must be delivered to the Compliance Department contemporaneously with delivery to the applicable Covered Person.

 

ii.

A form of letter that may be used to request duplicate confirmations and periodic statements from financial intermediaries is attached as Appendix E. If a Covered Person is not able to arrange for duplicate confirmations and periodic statements to be sent, the Covered Person must immediately cease trading in such account and notify the Compliance Department.

 

iii.

It shall be the Covered Person’s responsibility to promptly input into FIS/PTA all initially required information relating to any holdings in an Outside Securities Account. and to notify the Compliance Department on the same day of any subsequent Securities Transactions in such Outside Retirement Account.

 

5


d.

Outside Retirement Accounts. For any Outside Retirement Account in which a Covered Person has a Beneficial Interest, such Covered Person must either:

 

i.

Certify that such account does not hold any shares of a Reportable Fund or Reportable Security and that no Securities Transactions involving a Reportable Fund or Reportable Security have been executed in such account (such certifications shall be provided to the Compliance Department through FIS/PTA using substantially the form of the “Certificate for Outside Retirement Accounts” attached hereto as Appendix F); or.

 

ii.

If a Covered Person is unable to provide such certification with respect to an Outside Retirement Account, the Covered Person must notify the Compliance Department and provide the Compliance Department with duplicate copies of each confirmation and periodic statement issued by such financial intermediary in respect of such Outside Retirement Account.

 

(a)

Periodic statements must be received by the Compliance Department no later than thirty (30) calendar days after the close of each calendar quarter.

 

(b)

It shall be the Covered Person’s responsibility to promptly input into FIS/PTA all initially required information relating to any holdings in an Outside Retirement Account and to notify the Compliance Department on the same day of any subsequent Securities Transactions in such Outside Retirement Account.

 

7.

New Reportable Accounts. If a Covered Person opens a new reportable account that has not previously been disclosed, the Covered Person must notify the Compliance Department in writing within ten (10) calendar days of the existence of the account and make arrangements to comply with the requirements set forth in Sections II.D.2 & 3 above.

 

8.

Disclaimers. Any report of a Securities Transaction for the benefit of a person other than the individual in whose account the transaction is placed may contain a statement that the report should not be construed as an admission by the person making the report that he or she has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Security to which the report relates.

 

9.

Availability of Reports. All information supplied pursuant to this Code may be made available for inspection to the CCO of any affected Legg Mason Registered Adviser or Reportable Fund, the board of directors of each company employing the Covered Person, the board of directors of any affected Reportable Fund, the Compliance Department, the Covered Person’s department manager (or designee), any party to which any investigation is referred by any of the foregoing, the Securities and Exchange Commission, any self-regulatory organization of which Legg Mason is a member, any state securities commission, and any attorney or agent of the foregoing or of the Reportable Funds.

 

10.

Outside Business Activities. No Covered Person may engage in outside business activities or serve on the board of directors of a publicly-held company absent prior written authorization of (i) the Compliance Department, and (ii) in the case of service on the board of directors of a publicly-held company, the General Counsel of Legg Mason, Inc.

 

a.

A request for such approval must be submitted to the Compliance Department through FIS/PTA using substantially the form of “Request for Approval of Outside Business Activities” attached hereto as Appendix G.

 

b.

Requests for approval to serve as a director of a publicly held company will rarely be approved.

 

6


III. Personal Securities Transactions

A. Surveillance

The Compliance Department shall be responsible for maintaining a surveillance program reasonably designed to monitor the personal trading activities of all Covered Persons for compliance with the provisions of this Code and for investigating any suspected violation of the Code. Upon reaching the conclusion that a violation of the Code has occurred, the Compliance Department shall report the results of such investigation to the applicable Covered Person, the Covered Person’s department manager and to the CCOs of any affected Legg Mason Registered Adviser or Reportable Fund.

B. Remedies

 

1.

Authority. The Compliance Department has authority to determine the remedy for any violation of the Code, including appropriate disposition of any monies forfeited pursuant to this provision. Failure to promptly comply with any sanction directive may result in the imposition of additional sanctions..

 

2.

Sanctions. If the Compliance Department determines that a Covered Person has committed a violation of the Code, the Compliance Department may, in consultation with the Human Resources Department and the Covered Person’s supervisor, as appropriate, impose sanctions and take other actions as it deems appropriate, including a verbal warning, a letter of caution or warning, suspension of personal trading rights, suspension of employment (with or without compensation), fine, civil referral to the Securities and Exchange Commission, criminal referral, and termination of employment of the violator for cause. The Compliance Department may also require the Covered Person to reverse the transaction in question and forfeit any profit or absorb any loss associated or derived as a result. The amount of profit shall be calculated by the Compliance Department. No member of the Compliance Department may review his or her own transaction or those of his or her supervisors. If necessary, the General Counsel of Legg Mason or the CCO of the relevant Legg Mason Registered Adviser shall review these transactions..

C. Exceptions to the Code

Although exceptions to the Code will rarely be granted, the Compliance Department may grant exceptions to the requirements of the Code if the Compliance Department finds that the proposed conduct involves negligible opportunity for abuse. All such exceptions must be in writing..

IV. Definitions

When used in the Code, the following terms have the meanings set forth below:

A. General Defined Terms

“CCO” means the Chief Compliance Officer of any Reportable Fund, Legg Mason Registered Adviser or Legg Mason entity that is a principal underwriter of a Reportable Fund.

“Code” means this Code of Ethics, as the same may be amended from time to time.

“Compliance Department” means the Legal and Compliance Department of Legg Mason.

“Covered Person” means any employee of Legg Mason & Co., LLC who is covered by this Code in accordance with the provisions of Section I.A above.

 

7


“Federal Securities Laws” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Company Act, the Investment Advisers Act, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to Legg Mason and any Reportable Funds, and any rule adopted thereunder by the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Department of the Treasury.

“Investment Advisers Act” means the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.

“Investment Company Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

“Legg Mason” means Legg Mason, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

“Legg Mason Registered Advisers” means those subsidiaries of Legg Mason that are registered as investment advisers under the Investment Advisers Act.

“FIS/PTA” means FIS Personal Trading Assistant, a web browser-based automated personal trading compliance platform used by the Compliance Department to administer this Code.

B. Terms Defining the Scope of a Beneficial Interest in a Security

“Beneficial Interest” means the opportunity, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, to profit, or share in any profit derived from, a transaction in the subject Securities.

A Covered Person is deemed to have a Beneficial Interest in the following:

 

1.

Any Security owned individually by the Covered Person.

 

2.

Any Security owned jointly by the Covered Person with others (for example, joint accounts, spousal accounts, partnerships, trusts and controlling interests in corporations).

 

3.

Any Security in which a member of the Covered Person’s Immediate Family has a Beneficial Interest if:

 

a.

The Security is held in an account over which the Covered Person has decision making authority (for example, the Covered Person acts as trustee, executor, or guardian); or

 

b.

The Security is held in an account for which the Covered Person acts as a broker or investment adviser representative.

A Covered Person is presumed to have a Beneficial Interest in any Security in which a member of the Covered Person’s Immediate Family has a Beneficial Interest if the Immediate Family member resides in the same household as the Covered Person.

Any uncertainty as to whether a Covered Person has a Beneficial Interest in a Security should be brought to the attention of the Compliance Department. Such questions will be resolved in accordance with, and this definition shall be subject to, the definition of “beneficial owner” found in Rules 16a-1(a) (2) and (5) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

8


“Immediate Family” of a Covered Person means any of the following persons:

 

child

  

grandparent

  

son-in-law

stepchild

  

spouse

  

daughter-in-law

grandchild

  

sibling

  

brother-in-law

parent

  

mother-in-law

  

sister-in-law

stepparent

  

father-in-law

  

Immediate Family includes adoptive relationships, domestic partner relationships and other relationships (whether or not recognized by law) that the Compliance Department determines could lead to the possible conflicts of interest, diversions of corporate opportunity, or appearances of impropriety, which this Code is intended to prevent.

C. Terms Defining the Scope of a Reportable Transaction

“Automatic Investment Plan” means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in or from investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An Automatic Investment Plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.

“Equivalent Security” means any Security issued by the same entity as the issuer of a subject Security, including options, rights, stock appreciation rights, warrants, preferred stock, restricted stock, phantom stock, bonds, and other obligations of that company or Security otherwise convertible into that Security. Options on Securities are included even if, technically, they are issued by the Options Clearing Corporation or a similar entity.

“Managed Account” means an account where a Covered Person has no:

 

   

Direct or indirect influence or control over the account (for example, the trustee or investment manager simply summarizes, describes, or explains account activity without the Covered Person providing directions or suggestions);

 

   

Knowledge of the transaction before it is completed (for example, transactions effected for a Covered Person by a trustee of a blind trust, or discretionary trades made by an investment manager retained by the Covered Person, in connection with which the Covered Person is neither consulted nor advised of the trade before it is executed); and

 

   

Knowledge of the specific management actions taken by a trustee or investment manager and no right to intervene in the trustee’s or investment manager’s management (for example, the Covered Person is not consulted as to the allocation of investments for the account).

“Mutual Fund-Only Account” means a Securities account or account held directly with a mutual fund that holds only non-Reportable Funds and in which no other type of Securities may be held. For purposes of this Code, a Mutual Fund-Only Account includes a 529 plan or variable annuity life insurance account that holds only non-Reportable Funds and in which no other type of Securities may be held.

 

9


“Private Placement” means a Securities offering that is exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) or Section 4(6) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or pursuant to Rules 504, 505 or 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act.

“Proprietary Fund” means an open-end investment company registered under the Investment Company Act (or any portfolio or series thereof, as the case may be) that is part of one of the fund families sponsored by Legg Mason or its affiliates.

“Reportable Fund” means (a) any fund registered under the Investment Company Act for which a Legg Mason Registered Adviser serves as an investment adviser, or (b) any fund registered under the Investment Company Act whose investment adviser or principal underwriter is controlled by or under common control with Legg Mason. For purposes of this definition, “investment adviser” has the same meaning as it does in section 2(a)(20) of the Investment Company Act, and “control” has the same meaning as it does in Section 2(a)(9) of the Investment Company Act.

“Reportable Security” means any Security (as defined herein) other than the following types of Securities:

 

1.

Direct obligations of the Government of the United States;

 

2.

Bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; and

 

3.

Shares of open-end mutual funds that are not Reportable Funds.

“Securities Transaction” means a purchase or sale of Securities in which a Covered Person has or acquires a Beneficial Interest.

“Security” includes stock, notes, bonds, debentures, and other evidences of indebtedness (including loan participations and assignments), limited partnership interests, investment contracts, closed-end investment companies, and all derivative instruments of the foregoing, such as options and warrants. “Security” does not include futures or options on futures, but the purchase and sale of such instruments are nevertheless subject to the reporting requirements of the Code.

 

10

EX-99.CERT 3 d17238dex99cert.htm 302 CERTIFICATIONS 302 CERTIFICATIONS

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302

EX-99.CERT

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Jane Trust, certify that:

 

1.

I have reviewed this report on Form N-CSR of Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.;

 

2.

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3.

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4.

The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:

 

  a)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the second fiscal quarter of the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5.

The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

 

  b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: November 25, 2020      

 /s/ Jane Trust

      Jane Trust
      Chief Executive Officer


CERTIFICATIONS

I, Christopher Berarducci, certify that:

 

1.

I have reviewed this report on Form N-CSR of Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.;

 

2.

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3.

Based on my knowledge, the financial information included in this report, and the financial statements on which the financial information is based, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4.

The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:

 

  a)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the second fiscal quarter of the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5.

The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

 

  b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: November 25, 2020      

 /s/ Christopher Berarducci

      Christopher Berarducci
      Principal Financial Officer
EX-99.906CERT 4 d17238dex99906cert.htm 906 CERTIFICATIONS 906 CERTIFICATIONS

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

EX-99.906CERT

CERTIFICATION

Jane Trust, Chief Executive Officer, and Christopher Berarducci, Principal Financial Officer of Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. (the “Registrant”), each certify to the best of their knowledge that:

1.    The Registrant’s periodic report on Form N-CSR for the period ended September 30, 2020 (the “Form N-CSR”) fully complies with the requirements of section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.    The information contained in the Form N-CSR fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

 

Chief Executive Officer     Principal Financial Officer
Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

/s/ Jane Trust

   

/s/ Christopher Berarducci

Jane Trust     Christopher Berarducci
Date: November 25, 2020     Date: November 25, 2020

This certification is being furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Form N-CSR with the Commission.

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