10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM __________ TO ________

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-34295

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	38-3916511
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1221 Avenue of the Americas, 35th Floor, New York, NY

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

10020

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 584-5100

Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report: Not Applicable

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.001 par value	SIRI	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☑        No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☑        No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☐
Smaller reporting company	☐	Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

(Class)	(Outstanding as of October 27, 2023)
Common stock, $0.001 par value	3,838,939,821	shares

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q

Item No.	Description
	PART I - Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	2
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	3
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	8
	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks	49
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	49
	PART II - Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	49
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	50
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	50
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	50
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	50
Item 5.	Other Information	50
Item 6.	Exhibits	50
	Signatures	52

1

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue:
Subscriber revenue	$	1,729	$	1,734	$	5,146	$	5,166
Advertising revenue	460		457		1,278		1,292
Equipment revenue	49		50		142		148
Other revenue	33		39		99		114
Total revenue	2,271		2,280		6,665		6,720
Operating expenses:
Cost of services:
Revenue share and royalties	731		709		2,162		2,090
Programming and content	153		155		456		448
Customer service and billing	116		122		363		373
Transmission	54		51		153		157
Cost of equipment	3		4		10		9
Subscriber acquisition costs	87		86		270		267
Sales and marketing	237		281		680		838
Engineering, design and development	72		70		234		208
General and administrative	119		132		421		382
Depreciation and amortization	130		134		405		404
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	5		69		56		70
Total operating expenses	1,707		1,813		5,210		5,246
Income from operations	564		467		1,455		1,474
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense	(106)		(107)		(319)		(314)
Other expense	(3)		(3)		—		(5)
Total other expense	(109)		(110)		(319)		(319)
Income before income taxes	455		357		1,136		1,155
Income tax expense	(92)		(110)		(230)		(307)
Net income	$	363	$	247	$	906	$	848
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(6)		(21)		1		(23)
Total comprehensive income	$	357	$	226	$	907	$	825
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.09	$	0.06	$	0.23	$	0.22
Diluted	$	0.09	$	0.06	$	0.23	$	0.21
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	3,845		3,900		3,865		3,925
Diluted	3,865		3,968		3,884		4,001

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

2

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in millions, except per share data)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS	(unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	53	$	57
Receivables, net	659		655
Related party current assets	31		42
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	298		284
Total current assets	1,041		1,038
Property and equipment, net	1,715		1,499
Intangible assets, net	2,941		3,050
Goodwill	3,249		3,249
Related party long-term assets	493		488
Deferred tax assets	147		147
Operating lease right-of-use assets	283		315
Other long-term assets	260		236
Total assets	$	10,129	$	10,022
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	1,267	$	1,248
Accrued interest	73		165
Current portion of deferred revenue	1,248		1,322
Current maturities of debt	525		196
Operating lease current liabilities	45		50
Total current liabilities	3,158		2,981
Long-term deferred revenue	73		81
Long-term debt	8,823		9,256
Deferred tax liabilities	479		565
Operating lease liabilities	292		320
Other long-term liabilities	197		170
Total liabilities	13,022		13,373
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 9,000 shares authorized; 3,840 and 3,891 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	4		4
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(3)		(4)
Accumulated deficit	(2,894)		(3,351)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	(2,893)		(3,351)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)	$	10,129	$	10,022

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(UNAUDITED)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Common Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
(in millions)	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022	3,891	$	4	$	(4)	$	—	—	$	—	$	(3,351)	$	(3,351)
Comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		1		—		—	—		906		907
Share-based payment expense	—	—		—		147		—	—		—		147
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	18	—		—		4		—	—		—		4
Withholding taxes on net share settlement of stock-based compensation	—	—		—		(50)		—	—		—		(50)
Capital contribution from Liberty Media related to Tax Sharing Agreement	—	—		—		—		—	—		5		5
Cash dividends paid on common stock, $0.0726 per share	—	—		—		(101)		—	—		(180)		(281)
Common stock repurchased	—	—		—		—		69	(274)		—		(274)
Common stock retired	(69)	—		—		—		(69)	274		(274)		—
Balance at September 30, 2023	3,840	$	4	$	(3)	$	—	—	$	—	$	(2,894)	$	(2,893)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(UNAUDITED)

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Common Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
(in millions)	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance at June 30, 2023	3,845	$	4	$	3	$	—	1	$	(3)	$	(3,115)	$	(3,111)
Comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		(6)		—		—	—		363		357
Share-based payment expense	—	—		—		53		—	—		—		53
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	12	—		—		4		—	—		—		4
Withholding taxes on net share settlement of stock-based compensation	—	—		—		(32)		—	—		—		(32)
Capital contribution from Liberty Media related to Tax Sharing Agreement	—	—		—		—		—	—		1		1
Cash dividends paid on common stock, $0.0242 per share	—	—		—		(25)		—	—		(68)		(93)
Common stock repurchased	—	—		—		—		16	(72)		—		(72)
Common stock retired	(17)	—		—		—		(17)	75		(75)		—
Balance at September 30, 2023	3,840	$	4	$	(3)	$	—	—	$	—	$	(2,894)	$	(2,893)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(UNAUDITED)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Common Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
(in millions)	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2021	3,968	$	4	$	15	$	—	1	$	(8)	$	(2,636)	$	(2,625)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles	—	—		—		—		—	—		(14)		(14)
Comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	—	—		(23)		—		—	—		848		825
Share-based payment expense	—	—		—		157		—	—		—		157
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	23	—		—		4		—	—		—		4
Withholding taxes on net share settlement of stock-based compensation	—	—		—		(102)		—	—		—		(102)
Capital contribution to Liberty Media related to Tax Sharing Agreement	—	—		—		—		—	—		(22)		(22)
Cash dividends paid on common stock, $0.315885 per share	—	—		—		(59)		—	—		(1,186)		(1,245)
Common stock repurchased	—	—		—		—		95	(594)		—		(594)
Common stock retired	(95)	—		—		—		(95)	599		(599)		—
Balance at September 30, 2022	3,896	$	4	$	(8)	$	—	1	$	(3)	$	(3,609)	$	(3,616)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

6

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(UNAUDITED)

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Common Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
(in millions)	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance at June 30, 2022	3,909	$	4	$	13	$	—	1	$	(10)	$	(3,586)	$	(3,579)
Comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	—	—		(21)		—		—	—		247		226
Share-based payment expense	—	—		—		55		—	—		—		55
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	16	—		—		4		—	—		—		4
Withholding taxes on net share settlement of stock-based compensation	—	—		—		(63)		—	—		—		(63)
Capital contribution to Liberty Media related to Tax Sharing Agreement	—	—		—		—		—	—		3		3
Cash dividends paid on common stock, $0.0219615 per share	—	—		—		4		—	—		(90)		(86)
Common stock repurchased	—	—		—		—		29	(176)		—		(176)
Common stock retired	(29)	—		—		—		(29)	183		(183)		—
Balance at September 30, 2022	3,896	$	4	$	(8)	$	—	1	$	(3)	$	(3,609)	$	(3,616)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

7

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	906	$	848
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	405		404
Non-cash impairment and restructuring costs	22		68
Non-cash interest expense, net of amortization of premium	11		12
Provision for doubtful accounts	45		43
Loss on unconsolidated entity investments, net	7		—
(Gain) loss on other investments	(4)		11
Share-based payment expense	135		143
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense	(85)		132
Amortization of right-of-use assets	35		37
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables	(50)		22
Related party, net	17		(30)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(14)		(57)
Other long-term assets	—		(3)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	40		(72)
Accrued interest	(92)		(101)
Deferred revenue	(82)		(87)
Operating lease liabilities	(43)		(48)
Other long-term liabilities	26		(22)
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,279		1,300
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to property and equipment	(520)		(279)
(Purchase) sale of other investments	(1)		1
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	—		(136)
Investments in related parties and other equity investees	(33)		(1)
Net cash used in investing activities	(554)		(415)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	4		4
Taxes paid from net share settlements for stock-based compensation	(50)		(102)
Revolving credit facility, net	55		421
Proceeds from long-term borrowings, net of costs	—		499
Principal payments of long-term borrowings	(180)		(3)
Payment of contingent consideration for business acquisition	(3)		(3)
Distribution to parent related to Tax Sharing Agreement	—		(8)
Common stock repurchased and retired	(274)		(599)
Dividends paid	(281)		(1,245)
Net cash used in financing activities	(729)		(1,036)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(4)		(151)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period (1)	65		199
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period (1)	$	61	$	48

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

8

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - Continued
(UNAUDITED)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2023		2022
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash and Non-Cash Flow Information
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest, net of amounts capitalized	$	399	$	400
Income taxes paid	$	251	$	215
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Capital lease obligations incurred to acquire assets	$	7	$	7
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	$	1	$	(23)
Capital contribution from (to) Liberty Media pursuant to Tax Sharing Agreement	$	5	$	(14)

(1)The following table reconciles cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash per the statement of cash flows to the balance sheet. The restricted cash balances are primarily due to letters of credit which have been issued to the landlords of leased office space. The terms of the letters of credit primarily extend beyond one year.

(in millions)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	53	$	57	$	39	$	191
Restricted cash included in Other long-term assets	8		8		9		8
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	61	$	65	$	48	$	199

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

9

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

(1)Business & Basis of Presentation

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q presents information for Sirius XM Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively “Holdings”).  The terms “Holdings,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “our company” as used herein, and unless otherwise stated or indicated by context, refer to Sirius XM Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries. “Sirius XM” refers to our wholly owned subsidiary Sirius XM Radio Inc. and its subsidiaries. “Pandora” refers to Sirius XM's wholly owned subsidiary Pandora Media, LLC and its subsidiaries. Holdings has no operations independent of Sirius XM and Pandora.

Business

We operate two complementary audio entertainment businesses - one of which we refer to as “SiriusXM” and the second of which we refer to as “Pandora and Off-platform”. 

SiriusXM

Our SiriusXM business features music, sports, entertainment, comedy, talk, news, traffic and weather channels and other content, as well as podcasts and infotainment services, in the United States on a subscription fee basis. SiriusXM packages include live, curated and certain exclusive and on demand programming. The SiriusXM service is distributed through our two proprietary satellite radio systems and streamed via applications for mobile devices, home devices and other consumer electronic equipment. Satellite radios are primarily distributed through automakers, retailers and our website. Our Sirius XM service is also available through our in-car user interface, which we call “360L,” that combines our satellite and streaming services into a single, cohesive in-vehicle entertainment experience.

The primary source of revenue from our SiriusXM business is subscription fees, with most of our customers subscribing to monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual plans.  We also derive revenue from advertising on select non-music channels, which is sold under the SXM Media brand, direct sales of our satellite radios and accessories, and other ancillary services.  As of September 30, 2023, our SiriusXM business had approximately 34.0 million subscribers.

In addition to our audio entertainment businesses, we provide connected vehicle services to several automakers. These services are designed to enhance the safety, security and driving experience of consumers. We also offer a suite of data services that includes graphical weather and fuel prices, a traffic information service, and real-time weather services in boats and airplanes.

SiriusXM also holds a 70% equity interest and 33% voting interest in Sirius XM Canada Holdings Inc. (“Sirius XM Canada”). Sirius XM Canada's subscribers are not included in our subscriber count or subscriber-based operating metrics.

Pandora and Off-platform

Our Pandora and Off-platform business operates a music and podcast streaming discovery platform, offering a personalized experience for each listener wherever and whenever they want to listen, whether through computers, tablets, mobile devices, vehicle speakers or connected devices.  Pandora enables listeners to create personalized stations and playlists, discover new content, hear artist- and expert-curated playlists, podcasts and select SiriusXM content as well as search and play songs and albums on-demand.  Pandora is available as (1) an ad-supported radio service, (2) a radio subscription service (Pandora Plus) and (3) an on-demand subscription service (Pandora Premium).  As of September 30, 2023, Pandora had approximately 6.1 million subscribers.

The majority of revenue from Pandora is generated from advertising on our Pandora ad-supported radio service which is sold under the SXM Media brand. We also derive subscription revenue from our Pandora Plus and Pandora Premium subscribers.

We also sell advertising on other audio platforms and in widely distributed podcasts, which we consider to be off-platform services. We have an arrangement with SoundCloud Holdings, LLC (“SoundCloud”) to be its exclusive ad sales representative in the US and certain European countries and offer advertisers the ability to execute campaigns across the Pandora and SoundCloud platforms. We also have arrangements to serve as the ad sales representative for certain podcasts. In

10

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

addition, through AdsWizz Inc., we provide a comprehensive digital audio and programmatic advertising technology platform, which connects audio publishers and advertisers with a variety of ad insertion, campaign trafficking, yield optimization, programmatic buying, marketplace and podcast monetization solutions.

Liberty Media

As of September 30, 2023, Liberty Media Corporation (“Liberty Media”) beneficially owned, directly and indirectly, 83.5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock.  As a result, we are a “controlled company” for the purposes of the NASDAQ corporate governance requirements. Refer to Note 11 for more information regarding related parties.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Holdings have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain numbers in our prior period consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been reclassified or consolidated to conform to our current period presentation.

In the opinion of our management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of our unaudited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2023 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 have been made.

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read together with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was filed with the SEC on February 2, 2023.

Public companies are required to disclose certain information about their reportable operating segments.  Operating segments are defined as significant components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and is evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance of the segment. We have determined that we have two reportable segments as our chief operating decision maker, our Chief Executive Officer, assesses performance and allocates resources based on the financial results of these segments. Refer to Note 17 for information related to our segments.

We have evaluated events subsequent to the balance sheet date and prior to the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and have determined that no events have occurred that would require adjustment to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.  For a discussion of subsequent events that do not require adjustment to our unaudited consolidated financial statements refer to Note 18.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and footnotes.  Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information.  Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.  Significant estimates inherent in the preparation of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include asset impairment, depreciable lives of our satellites, share-based payment expense and income taxes.

(2)Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Fair Value Measurements

For assets and liabilities required to be reported at fair value, GAAP provides a hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted market prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable approximated fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

11

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

Our liabilities measured at fair value were as follows:

	September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Level 1	Level 2		Level 3	Total Fair Value		Level 1	Level 2		Level 3	Total Fair Value
Liabilities:
Debt (a)	—	$	8,064	—	$	8,064	—	$	8,362	—	$	8,362

(a)The fair value for non-publicly traded debt is based upon estimates from a market maker and brokerage firm.  Refer to Note 12 for information related to the carrying value of our debt as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(3)Acquisitions

On May 20, 2022, we completed an acquisition for total cash consideration of $93. We recognized goodwill of $69, indefinite-lived intangible assets of $1 and other assets of $23. The other assets represent acquired content which will be amortized over its estimated useful life to Programming and content in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

On January 12, 2022, we completed an acquisition for total cash consideration of $44. We recognized goodwill of $29, other definite-lived intangible assets of $19 and liabilities of $4.

There were no acquisition related costs recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Acquisition related costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $1 and $3, respectively.

(4)Restructuring Costs

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, restructuring costs were $4 and $39, respectively. In 2023, we initiated measures to pursue greater efficiency and to realign our business and focus on strategic priorities. As part of these measures, we reduced the size of our workforce by approximately 475 roles, or 8%. We recorded a charge of $31 primarily related to severance and other related costs. In addition, we vacated one of our leased locations and recorded an impairment of $5 to reduce the carrying value of the related right of use asset to its estimated fair value. Additionally, we accrued expenses of $2 for which we will not recognize any future economic benefits. The restructuring and related impairment charges were recorded to Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we evaluated our office space needs, and, based on this, we vacated certain office spaces and recorded an impairment of $16 to reduce the carrying value of the related right of use assets to their estimated fair values. Additionally, we wrote off fixed assets of $4 in connection with furniture and equipment located at the impaired office spaces. Separately, we performed an analysis surrounding initiatives that we are no longer pursuing and recorded an impairment of $43 associated with terminated software projects and an impairment of $5 related to severance. The total charge of $68 was recorded to Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

(5)Earnings per Share

Basic net income per common share is calculated by dividing the income available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during each reporting period.  Diluted net income per common share adjusts the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the potential dilution that could occur if common stock equivalents (stock options, restricted stock units and convertible debt) were exercised or converted into common stock, calculated using the treasury stock method. We had no participating securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

12

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

Common stock equivalents of 157 and 93 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 155 and 86 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per common share as the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net Income available to common stockholders for basic net income per common share	$	363	$	247	$	906	$	848
Effect of interest on assumed conversions of convertible notes, net of tax	—		1		1		3
Net Income available to common stockholders for dilutive net income per common share	$	363	$	248	$	907	$	851
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic net income per common share	3,845		3,900		3,865		3,925
Weighted average impact of assumed convertible notes	3		31		3		31
Weighted average impact of dilutive equity instruments	17		37		16		45
Weighted average shares for diluted net income per common share	3,865		3,968		3,884		4,001
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.09	$	0.06	$	0.23	$	0.22
Diluted	$	0.09	$	0.06	$	0.23	$	0.21

(6)Receivables, net

Receivables, net, includes customer accounts receivable, receivables from distributors and other receivables. We do not have any customer receivables that individually represent more than ten percent of our receivables.

Customer accounts receivable, net, includes receivables from our subscribers and advertising customers, including advertising agencies and other customers, and is stated at amounts due, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Our allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon our assessment of various factors.  We consider historical experience, the age of the receivable balances, current economic conditions, industry experience and other factors that may affect the counterparty’s ability to pay.  Bad debt expense is included in Customer service and billing expense in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Receivables from distributors primarily include billed and unbilled amounts due from automakers for services included in the sale or lease price of vehicles, as well as billed amounts due from wholesale distributors of our satellite radios.  Other receivables primarily include amounts due from manufacturers of our radios, modules and chipsets where we are entitled to subsidies and royalties based on the number of units produced.  We have not established an allowance for doubtful accounts for our receivables from distributors or other receivables as we have historically not experienced any significant collection issues with automakers or other third parties and do not expect issues in the foreseeable future.

13

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

Receivables, net, consists of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Gross customer accounts receivable	$	593	$	585
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(14)		(11)
Customer accounts receivable, net	$	579	$	574
Receivables from distributors	52		53
Other receivables	28		28
Total receivables, net	$	659	$	655

(7)Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in business combinations. Our annual impairment assessment of our two reporting units is performed as of the fourth quarter of each year, and an assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, states that an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. Our Sirius XM reporting unit, which has an allocated goodwill balance of $2,290, had a negative carrying amount as of September 30, 2023.

As of September 30, 2023, there were no indicators of impairment, and no impairment losses were recorded for goodwill during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. As of September 30, 2023, the cumulative balance of goodwill impairments recorded was $5,722, of which $4,766 was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2008 and is included in the carrying amount of the goodwill allocated to our Sirius XM reporting unit and $956 was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 and is included in the carrying amount of the goodwill allocated to our Pandora and Off-platform reporting unit.

As of each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of goodwill for our Sirius XM and Pandora and Off-platform reporting units was $2,290 and $959, respectively.

14

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

(8)Intangible Assets

Our intangible assets include the following:

		September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Weighted Average Useful Lives	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net  Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net  Carrying Value
Indefinite life intangible assets:
FCC licenses	Indefinite	$	2,084	$	—	$	2,084	$	2,084	$	—	$	2,084
Trademarks	Indefinite	250		—		250		250		—		250
Definite life intangible assets:
OEM relationships	15 years	220		(145)		75		220		(135)		85
Licensing agreements	12 years	3		(3)		—		45		(45)		—
Software and technology	7 years	29		(22)		7		31		(21)		10
Due to Acquisitions recorded to Pandora and Off-platform Reporting Unit:
Indefinite life intangible assets:
Trademarks	Indefinite	312		—		312		312		—		312
Definite life intangible assets:
Customer relationships	8 years	442		(266)		176		442		(225)		217
Software and technology	5 years	391		(354)		37		391		(299)		92
Total intangible assets		$	3,731	$	(790)	$	2,941	$	3,775	$	(725)	$	3,050

Indefinite Life Intangible Assets

We have identified our FCC licenses and XM and Pandora trademarks as indefinite life intangible assets after considering the expected use of the assets, the regulatory and economic environment within which they are used and the effects of obsolescence on their use.

We hold FCC licenses to operate our satellite digital audio radio service and provide ancillary services. Each of the FCC licenses authorizes us to use radio spectrum, a reusable resource that does not deplete or exhaust over time.

Our annual impairment assessment of our identifiable indefinite lived intangible assets is performed as of the fourth quarter of each year. An assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the asset below its carrying value. If the carrying value of the intangible assets exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. As of September 30, 2023, there were no indicators of impairment, and no impairment loss was recognized for intangible assets with indefinite lives during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Definite Life Intangible Assets

Amortization expense for all definite life intangible assets was $36 and $39 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $109 and $117 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There were retirements of definite lived intangible assets of $44 and we recognized a related impairment loss of $1 during nine months ended September 30, 2023. There were no retirements or impairments of definite lived intangible assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

15

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

The expected amortization expense for each of the fiscal years 2023 through 2027 and for periods thereafter is as follows:

Years ending December 31,	Amount
2023 (remaining)	$	36
2024	77
2025	71
2026	71
2027	25
Thereafter	15
Total definite life intangible assets, net	$	295

(9)Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net, consists of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Satellite system	$	1,598	$	1,841
Terrestrial repeater network	119		118
Leasehold improvements	107		100
Broadcast studio equipment	141		133
Capitalized software and hardware	1,850		1,821
Satellite telemetry, tracking and control facilities	82		76
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other	109		89
Land	32		32
Building	73		70
Construction in progress	738		313
Total property and equipment	4,849		4,593
Accumulated depreciation	(3,134)		(3,094)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,715	$	1,499

Construction in progress consists of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Satellite system	$	449	$	212
Terrestrial repeater network	17		10
Capitalized software and hardware	249		56
Other	23		35
Construction in progress	$	738	$	313

Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment was $94 and $95 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $296 and $287 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we retired property and equipment of $2 and $271, respectively, and recorded related impairment charges of $1 and $14, respectively, primarily related to terminated software projects. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we wrote off furniture and equipment in connection with impaired office space leases and we disposed of assets associated with software development initiatives that we are no longer pursuing. Refer to Note 4 for more information. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we retired property and equipment of $59 and $81, respectively.

16

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

We capitalize a portion of the interest on funds borrowed to finance the construction and launch of our satellites. Capitalized interest is recorded as part of the asset’s cost and depreciated over the satellite’s useful life. Capitalized interest costs were $4 and $1 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $10 and $3 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which related to the construction of our SXM-9, SXM-10, SXM-11 and SXM-12 satellites. We also capitalize a portion of share-based compensation related to employee time for capitalized software projects. Capitalized share-based compensation costs were $5 and $4 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $13 for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Satellites

As of September 30, 2023, we operated a fleet of five satellites.  Each satellite requires an FCC license, and prior to the expiration of each license, we are required to apply for a renewal of the FCC satellite license.  The renewal and extension of our licenses is reasonably certain at minimal cost, which is expensed as incurred. The chart below provides certain information on our satellites as of September 30, 2023:

Satellite Description	Year Delivered	Estimated End of Depreciable Life	FCC License Expiration Year
SIRIUS FM-5	2009	2024	2025
SIRIUS FM-6	2013	2028	2030
XM-3	2005	2020	2026
XM-5	2010	2025	2026
SXM-8	2021	2036	2029

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we removed our XM-4 satellite from service and we are in the process of de-orbiting the satellite, which we expect to be completed by the end of 2023. Our XM-3 satellite remains available as an in-orbit spare.

(10)Leases

We have operating and finance leases for offices, terrestrial repeaters, data centers and certain equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 20 years, some of which may include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. We elected the practical expedient to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single component. Additionally, we elected the practical expedient to not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for short-term leases, which are those leases with a term of twelve months or less at the lease commencement date.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	15	$	16	$	46	$	46
Finance lease cost	2		—		3		—
Sublease income	(1)		(1)		(2)		(2)
Total lease cost	$	16	$	15	$	47	$	44

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we ceased using one of our leased locations and recorded an impairment charge of $5 to write down the carrying value of the right-of-use asset to its estimated fair value. Refer to Note 4 for additional information.

(11)Related Party Transactions 

In the normal course of business, we enter into transactions with related parties such as Sirius XM Canada and SoundCloud.

17

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

Liberty Media

As of September 30, 2023, Liberty Media beneficially owned, directly and indirectly, 83.5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Liberty Media has three of its executives and one of its directors on our board of directors.  Gregory B. Maffei, the President and Chief Executive Officer of Liberty Media, is the Chairman of our board of directors.

On February 1, 2021, Holdings entered into a tax sharing agreement with Liberty Media governing the allocation of consolidated U.S. income tax liabilities and setting forth agreements with respect to other tax matters. The tax sharing agreement was negotiated and approved by a special committee of Holdings’ board of directors, all of whom are independent of Liberty Media. Refer to Note 16 for more information regarding the tax sharing agreement.

On September 22, 2023, the special committee of independent directors of the board of Holdings (the “Special Committee”) received a non-binding proposal from Liberty Media regarding a potential transaction involving Holdings. The potential transaction would consist of the separation of the assets and liabilities attributed to the Liberty SiriusXM tracking stock group from Liberty Media through the split-off of a newly formed company (“Newco”) and the subsequent combination of Newco and Holdings. As a result of the potential transaction, the holders of Liberty SiriusXM tracking stock and Holdings common stock would all hold one class of common stock of the combined company (the “Proposal”). The Special Committee is evaluating the Proposal. There can be no assurance that the Proposal, or any other transaction, will be completed or of the terms and conditions of any such transaction.

Sirius XM Canada

Sirius XM holds a 70% equity interest and 33% voting interest in Sirius XM Canada, a privately held corporation. We own 591 shares of preferred stock of Sirius XM Canada, which has a liquidation preference of one Canadian dollar per share.

Sirius XM Canada is accounted for as an equity method investment, and its results are not consolidated in our unaudited consolidated financial statements. Sirius XM Canada does not meet the requirements for consolidation as we do not have the ability to direct the most significant activities that impact Sirius XM Canada's economic performance.

On March 15, 2022, Sirius XM and Sirius XM Canada entered into an amended and restated services and distribution agreement. Pursuant to the amended and restated services and distribution agreement, the fee payable by Sirius XM Canada to Sirius XM was modified from a fixed percentage of revenue to a variable fee, based on a target operating profit for Sirius XM Canada. Such variable fee is expected to be evaluated annually based on comparable companies. In accordance with the amended and restated services and distribution agreement, the fee is payable on a monthly basis, in arrears, beginning January 1, 2022.

Our related party long-term assets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 included the carrying value of our investment balance in Sirius XM Canada of $419 and $412, respectively, and, as of each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, also included $8, for the long-term value of the outstanding loan to Sirius XM Canada.

Sirius XM Canada paid gross dividends to us of less than $1 during the three months ended September 30, 2023, and $1 and less than $1 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. No dividends were paid during the three months ended September 30, 2022. Dividends are first recorded as a reduction to our investment balance in Sirius XM Canada to the extent a balance exists and then as Other (expense) income for any remaining portion.

We recorded revenue from Sirius XM Canada as Other revenue in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income of $27 and $29 during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $78 and $84 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

SoundCloud

We have an investment in SoundCloud which is accounted for as an equity method investment and recorded in Related party long-term assets in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets. Sirius XM has appointed two individuals to serve on SoundCloud's ten-member board of managers. Sirius XM's share of SoundCloud's net income (loss) was less than $1 and $(1) for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $(2) and $(4) for the nine months ended

18

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which was recorded in Other (expense) income in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

In addition to our investment in SoundCloud, Pandora has an agreement with SoundCloud to be its exclusive ad sales representative in the US and certain European countries. Through this arrangement, Pandora offers advertisers the ability to execute campaigns across the Pandora and SoundCloud platforms. We recorded revenue share expense related to this agreement of $14 and $13 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $39 and $40 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We also had related party liabilities of $19 as of each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 related to this agreement.

(12)Debt

Our debt as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following:

					Principal Amount at		Carrying value(a) at
Issuer / Borrower	Issued	Debt	Maturity Date	Interest Payable	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Pandora (c) (d)	June 2018	1.75% Convertible Senior Notes	December 1, 2023	semi-annually on June 1 and December 1	$	20	$	20	$	193
Sirius XM (b) (f)	April 2022	Incremental Term Loan	April 11, 2024	variable fee paid monthly	500		500		500
Sirius XM (b)	August 2021	3.125% Senior Notes	September 1, 2026	semi-annually on March 1 and September 1	1,000		993		992
Sirius XM (b)	July 2017	5.00% Senior Notes	August 1, 2027	semi-annually on February 1 and August 1	1,500		1,494		1,492
Sirius XM (b)	June 2021	4.00% Senior Notes	July 15, 2028	semi-annually on January 15 and July 15	2,000		1,984		1,982
Sirius XM (b)	June 2019	5.500% Senior Notes	July 1, 2029	semi-annually on January 1 and July 1	1,250		1,241		1,240
Sirius XM (b)	June 2020	4.125% Senior Notes	July 1, 2030	semi-annually on January 1 and July 1	1,500		1,488		1,487
Sirius XM (b)	August 2021	3.875% Senior Notes	September 1, 2031	semi-annually on March 1 and September 1	1,500		1,486		1,485
Sirius XM (e)	December 2012	Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (the "Credit Facility")	August 31, 2026	variable fee paid quarterly	135		135		80
Sirius XM	Various	Finance leases	Various	n/a	n/a		17		12
Total Debt							9,358		9,463
Less: total current maturities							525		196
Less: total deferred financing costs							10		11
Total long-term debt							$	8,823	$	9,256

(a)The carrying value of the obligations is net of any remaining unamortized original issue discount.

(b)All material domestic subsidiaries, including Pandora and its subsidiaries, that guarantee the Credit Facility have guaranteed the Incremental Term Loan and these notes.

(c)Holdings has unconditionally guaranteed all of the payment obligations of Pandora under these notes.

(d)We acquired $193 in principal amount of the 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 as part of the acquisition of Pandora Media, Inc. in 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, certain investors exercised their right to require a Special Repurchase, as defined in the indenture governing such notes, and Pandora repurchased $173 in outstanding principal amount of the 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 with cash for an aggregate purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase. On or after July 1, 2023 and prior to the close of business on November 29, 2023, the 1.75% Convertible

19

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

Senior Notes due 2023 are convertible into Holdings’ common stock at the holders’ option at the applicable conversion rate in effect on the relevant conversion date.

(e)In August 2021, Sirius XM entered into an amendment to extend the maturity of the $1,750 Credit Facility to August 31, 2026. Sirius XM's obligations under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by certain of its material domestic subsidiaries, including Pandora and its subsidiaries, and are secured by a lien on substantially all of Sirius XM's assets and the assets of its material domestic subsidiaries.  From and after July 1, 2023, Sirius XM borrowings are based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus an applicable rate based on its debt to operating cash flow ratio. Sirius XM is also required to pay a variable fee on the average daily unused portion of the Credit Facility which is payable on a quarterly basis.  The variable rate for the unused portion of the Credit Facility was 0.25% per annum as of September 30, 2023.  All of Sirius XM's outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility are classified as Long-term debt within our unaudited consolidated balance sheets due to the long-term maturity of this debt.

(f)In April 2022, Sirius XM entered into an amendment to the Credit Facility to incorporate an Incremental Term Loan borrowing of $500 which matures on April 11, 2024. Interest on the Incremental Term Loan borrowing is based on SOFR plus an applicable rate.

Covenants and Restrictions

Under the Credit Facility, Sirius XM, our wholly owned subsidiary, must comply with a debt maintenance covenant that it cannot exceed a total leverage ratio, calculated as consolidated total debt to consolidated operating cash flow, of 5.0 to 1.0.  The Credit Facility generally requires compliance with certain covenants that restrict Sirius XM's ability to, among other things, (i) incur additional indebtedness, (ii) incur liens, (iii) pay dividends or make certain other restricted payments, investments or acquisitions, (iv) enter into certain transactions with affiliates, (v) merge or consolidate with another person, (vi) sell, assign, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of Sirius XM's assets, and (vii) make voluntary prepayments of certain debt, in each case subject to exceptions.

The indentures governing Sirius XM's notes restrict Sirius XM's non-guarantor subsidiaries' ability to create, assume, incur or guarantee additional indebtedness without such non-guarantor subsidiary guaranteeing each such series of notes on a pari passu basis.  The indentures governing the notes also contain covenants that, among other things, limit Sirius XM's ability and the ability of its subsidiaries to create certain liens; enter into sale/leaseback transactions; and merge or consolidate.

Under Sirius XM's debt agreements, the following generally constitute an event of default: (i) a default in the payment of interest; (ii) a default in the payment of principal; (iii) failure to comply with covenants; (iv) failure to pay other indebtedness after final maturity or acceleration of other indebtedness exceeding a specified amount; (v) certain events of bankruptcy; (vi) a judgment for payment of money exceeding a specified aggregate amount; and (vii) voidance of subsidiary guarantees, subject to grace periods where applicable.  If an event of default occurs and is continuing, our debt could become immediately due and payable.

The indenture governing the Pandora 2023 Notes (as defined below) contains covenants that limit Pandora’s ability to merge or consolidate and provides for customary events of default, which include nonpayment of principal or interest, breach of covenants, payment defaults or acceleration of other indebtedness and certain events of bankruptcy.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with our debt covenants.

Pandora Convertible Notes

Pandora's 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the “Pandora 2023 Notes”) are unsecured, senior obligations of Pandora. Holdings has guaranteed the payment and performance obligations of Pandora under the Pandora 2023 Notes and the indenture governing the Pandora 2023 Notes.

The Pandora 2023 Notes will mature on December 1, 2023, unless earlier repurchased or redeemed by Pandora or converted in accordance with their terms. As of September 30, 2023, the conversion rate applicable to the Pandora 2023 Notes was 165.4277 shares of Holdings' common stock per one thousand principal amount of the Pandora 2023 Notes.

20

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

(13)Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

We are authorized to issue up to 9,000 shares of common stock. There were 3,840 and 3,891 shares of common stock issued and outstanding on September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023, there were 220 shares of common stock reserved for issuance in connection with outstanding stock-based awards to members of our board of directors, employees and third parties.

Quarterly Dividends

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our board of directors declared and paid the following dividend:

Declaration Date	Dividend Per Share		Record Date	Total Amount		Payment Date
January 25, 2023	$	0.0242	February 9, 2023	$	94	February 24, 2023
April 19, 2023	$	0.0242	May 5, 2023	$	94	May 24, 2023
July 26, 2023	$	0.0242	August 8, 2023	$	93	August 30, 2023

Stock Repurchase Program

As of September 30, 2023, our board of directors had approved for repurchase an aggregate of $18,000 of our common stock.  Our board of directors did not establish an end date for this stock repurchase program.  Shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market, pursuant to pre-set trading plans meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, in privately negotiated transactions, including transactions with Liberty Media and its affiliates, or otherwise.  As of September 30, 2023, our cumulative repurchases since December 2012 under our stock repurchase program totaled 3,731 shares for $16,834, and $1,166 remained available for future share repurchases under our stock repurchase program.

The following table summarizes our total share repurchase activity for the nine months ended:

	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2022
Share Repurchase Type	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Open Market Repurchases	69	$	274	95	$	594

Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share

We are authorized to issue up to 50 shares of undesignated preferred stock with a liquidation preference of $0.001 per share.  There were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(14)Benefit Plans 

We recognized share-based payment expense of $48 and $50 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $135 and $143 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

2015 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan

In May 2015, our stockholders approved the Sirius XM Holdings Inc. 2015 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”).  Employees, consultants and members of our board of directors are eligible to receive awards under the 2015 Plan.  The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards that the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors deems appropriate.  Stock-based awards granted under the 2015 Plan are generally subject to a graded vesting requirement, which is generally three to four years from the grant date.  Stock options generally expire ten years from the date of grant.  Restricted stock units include performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”), the vesting of which are subject to the achievement of performance goals and the employee's continued employment and generally cliff vest on the third anniversary of the grant date. Each restricted stock unit entitles the holder to

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

receive one share of common stock upon vesting.  As of September 30, 2023, 100 shares of common stock were available for future grants under the 2015 Plan.

The Compensation Committee intends to award equity-based compensation to our senior management in the form of: stock options, restricted stock units, PRSUs, which will cliff vest after a performance period target established by the Compensation Committee is achieved, and PRSUs, which will cliff vest after a performance period based on the performance of our common stock relative to the companies included in the S&P 500 Index, which we refer to as a relative “TSR” or “total stockholder return” metric. TSRs based on the relative total stockholder return metric will only vest if our performance achieves at least the 25th percentile, with a target payout requiring performance at the 50th percentile. The settlement of PRSUs earned in respect of the applicable performance period will be generally subject to the executive’s continued employment with us through the date the total stockholder return performance is certified by the Compensation Committee.

Other Plans

We maintain six share-based benefit plans in addition to the 2015 Plan — the Sirius XM Radio Inc. 2009 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan, the Amended and Restated Sirius Satellite Radio 2003 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan, the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan of AdsWizz Inc., the Pandora Media, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, the Pandora Media, Inc. 2004 Stock Plan and the TheSavageBeast.com, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan. Excluding dividend equivalent units granted as a result of a declared dividend, no further awards may be made under these plans.

The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used to compute the fair value of options granted to employees, members of our board of directors and non-employees:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,		For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Risk-free interest rate	4.3%	2.9%	4.0%	1.6%
Expected life of options — years	3.76	2.71	3.80	3.52
Expected stock price volatility	42%	34%	32%	32%
Expected dividend yield	2.0%	1.3%	2.0%	1.3%

The following table summarizes stock option activity under our share-based plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	134	$	5.55
Granted	9	$	4.92
Exercised	(9)	$	4.59
Forfeited, cancelled or expired	(7)	$	5.86
Outstanding as of September 30, 2023	127	$	5.55	5.02	$	20
Exercisable as of September 30, 2023	84	$	5.42	4.35	$	19

The weighted average grant date fair value per stock option granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $1.23.  The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $9 and $70, respectively.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the number of net settled shares issued as a result of stock option exercises was 1.

We recognized share-based payment expense associated with stock options of $8 for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and $23 and $27 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit, including PRSU, activity under our share-based plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Shares	Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested as of December 31, 2022	85	$	6.38
Granted	45	$	4.72
Vested	(26)	$	6.39
Forfeited	(11)	$	6.18
Nonvested as of September 30, 2023	93	$	5.64

The total intrinsic value of restricted stock units, including PRSUs, vesting during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $123 and $185, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the number of net settled shares issued as a result of restricted stock units vesting totaled 17. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we granted 4 PRSUs to certain employees. We believe it is probable that the performance target applicable to these PRSUs will be achieved.

In connection with the cash dividends paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we granted 1 restricted stock units, including PRSUs, in accordance with the terms of existing award agreements. These grants did not result in any additional incremental share-based payment expense being recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

We recognized share-based payment expense associated with restricted stock units, including PRSUs, of $40 and $42 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $112 and $116 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested share-based payment awards for stock options and restricted stock units, including PRSUs, granted to employees, members of our board of directors and third parties at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $479 and $472, respectively.  The total unrecognized compensation costs at September 30, 2023 are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.

401(k) Savings Plans

Sirius XM sponsors the Sirius XM Radio Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan (the “Sirius XM Plan”) for eligible employees. The Sirius XM Plan allows eligible employees to voluntarily contribute from 1% to 50% of their pre-tax eligible earnings, subject to certain defined limits. We match 50% of an employee’s voluntary contributions per pay period on the first 6% of an employee’s pre-tax salary up to a maximum of 3% of eligible compensation.  We may also make additional discretionary matching, true-up matching and non-elective contributions to the Sirius XM Plan.  Employer matching contributions under the Sirius XM Plan vest at a rate of 33.33% for each year of employment and are fully vested after three years of employment for all current and future contributions.  Our cash employer matching contributions are not used to purchase shares of our common stock on the open market, unless the employee elects our common stock as their investment option for this contribution.

We recognized expenses of $5 for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and $16 and $15 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in connection with the Sirius XM Plan.

Sirius XM Holdings Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan

The Sirius XM Holdings Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the “DCP”) allows members of our board of directors and certain eligible employees to defer all or a portion of their base salary, cash incentive compensation and/or board of directors’ cash compensation, as applicable.  Pursuant to the terms of the DCP, we may elect to make additional contributions beyond amounts deferred by participants, but we are under no obligation to do so.  We have established a grantor (or “rabbi”) trust to facilitate the payment of our obligations under the DCP.

Contributions to the DCP, net of withdrawals, were less than $(1) for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and $1 and $(1) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the investments held in the trust were $52 and $47, respectively, which is included in Other long-term assets in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets and classified as trading securities.  Trading gains and

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

losses associated with these investments are recorded in Other (expense) income within our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.  The associated liability is recorded within Other long-term liabilities in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets, and any increase or decrease in the liability is recorded in General and administrative expense within our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.  We recorded (losses) gains on investments held in the trust of $(1) and $(2) for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $4 and $(11) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(15)Commitments and Contingencies 

The following table summarizes our expected contractual cash commitments as of September 30, 2023:

	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		Total
Debt obligations	$	22	$	505	$	5	$	1,140	$	1,500	$	6,250	$	9,422
Cash interest payments	14		399		389		385		344		636		2,167
Satellite and transmission	27		290		197		92		40		2		648
Programming and content	130		344		263		134		63		107		1,041
Sales and marketing	30		99		31		20		6		—		186
Satellite incentive payments	2		8		8		3		3		15		39
Operating lease obligations	16		56		51		47		39		79		288
Royalties, minimum guarantees and other	105		393		167		79		26		12		782
Total (1)	$	346	$	2,094	$	1,111	$	1,900	$	2,021	$	7,101	$	14,573

(1)The table does not include our reserve for uncertain tax positions, which at September 30, 2023 totaled $110.

Debt obligations.    Debt obligations include principal payments on outstanding debt and finance lease obligations.

Cash interest payments.    Cash interest payments include interest due on outstanding debt and capital lease payments through maturity.

Satellite and transmission.    We have entered into agreements for the design, construction and launch of four additional satellites, SXM-9, SXM-10, SXM-11 and SXM-12. We also have entered into agreements with third parties to operate and maintain satellite telemetry, tracking and control facilities and certain components of our terrestrial repeater networks.

Programming and content.    We have entered into various programming and content agreements. Under the terms of these agreements, our obligations include fixed payments, advertising commitments and revenue sharing arrangements. In certain of these agreements, the future revenue sharing costs are dependent upon many factors and are difficult to estimate; therefore, they are not included in our minimum contractual cash commitments.

Sales and marketing.    We have entered into various marketing, sponsorship and distribution agreements to promote our brands and are obligated to make payments to sponsors, retailers, automakers, radio manufacturers and other third parties under these agreements. Certain programming and content agreements also require us to purchase advertising on properties owned or controlled by the licensors.

Satellite incentive payments.    Maxar Technologies (formerly Space Systems/Loral), the manufacturer of certain of our in-orbit satellites, may be entitled to future in-orbit performance payments upon XM-5, SIRIUS FM-5, SIRIUS FM-6, and SXM-8 meeting their fifteen-year design life, which we expect to occur.

Operating lease obligations.    We have entered into both cancelable and non-cancelable operating leases for office space, terrestrial repeaters, data centers and equipment. These leases provide for minimum lease payments, additional operating expense charges, leasehold improvements and rent escalations that have initial terms ranging from one to fifteen years, and certain leases have options to renew.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

Royalties, Minimum Guarantees and Other. We have entered into music royalty arrangements that include fixed payments. In addition, certain of our podcast agreements also contain minimum guarantees. As of September 30, 2023, we had future fixed commitments related to music royalty and podcast agreements of $500, of which $64 will be paid in 2023 and the remainder will be paid thereafter. On a quarterly basis, we record the greater of the cumulative actual content costs incurred or the cumulative minimum guarantee based on forecasts for the minimum guarantee period. The minimum guarantee period is the period of time that the minimum guarantee relates to, as specified in each agreement, which may be annual or a longer period. The cumulative minimum guarantee, based on forecasts, considers factors such as listening hours, downloads, revenue, subscribers and other terms of each agreement that impact our expected attainment or recoupment of the minimum guarantees based on the relative attribution method.

Several of our content agreements also include provisions related to the royalty payments and structures of those agreements relative to other content licensing arrangements, which, if triggered, cause our payments under those agreements to escalate. In addition, record labels, publishers and performing rights organizations with whom we have entered into direct license agreements have the right to audit our content payments, and such audits often result in disputes over whether we have paid the proper content costs.

We have also entered into various agreements with third parties for general operating purposes.

In addition to the minimum contractual cash commitments described above, we have entered into other variable cost arrangements. These future costs are dependent upon many factors and are difficult to anticipate; however, these costs may be substantial. We may enter into additional programming, distribution, marketing and other agreements that contain similar variable cost provisions. We do not have any other significant off-balance sheet financing arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we are a defendant or party to various claims and lawsuits, including those discussed below.

We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a liability will be incurred, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We evaluate developments in legal matters that could affect the amount of liability that has been previously accrued and make adjustments as appropriate. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount of a loss or potential loss. We may be unable to reasonably estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss for a particular legal contingency for various reasons, including, among others, because: (i) the damages sought are indeterminate; (ii) the proceedings are in the relative early stages; (iii) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending proceedings (including motions and appeals); (iv) there is uncertainty as to the likelihood of settlement and the outcome of any negotiations with respect thereto; (v) there remain significant factual issues to be determined or resolved; (vi) the relevant law is unsettled; or (vii) the proceedings involve novel or untested legal theories. In such instances, there may be considerable uncertainty regarding the ultimate resolution of such matters, including the likelihood or magnitude of a possible eventual loss, if any.

U.S. Music Royalty Fee Actions and Mass Arbitrations. A number of class actions and mass arbitrations have been commenced against us relating to our pricing, billing and subscription marketing practices. Although each class action and mass arbitration contains unique allegations; in general, the actions and arbitrations allege that we falsely advertised our music subscription plans at lower prices than we actually charge, that we allegedly did not disclose our “U.S. Music Royalty Fee”, and that we have taken other actions to prevent customers from discovering the existence, amount and nature of the U.S. Music Royalty Fee in violation of various state consumer protection laws.

The plaintiffs and claimants seek to enjoin us from advertising our music subscription plans without including the amount of the U.S. Music Royalty Fee. The plaintiffs and claimants also seek disgorgement, restitution and/or damages in the aggregate amount of U.S Music Royalty Fees paid by customers, as well as statutory and punitive damages where available.

To date, the actions and arbitrations filed against us include:

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

•On April 14, 2023, Ayana Stevenson and David Ambrose, individually, as private attorneys general, and on behalf of all other California persons similarly situated, filed a class action complaint against us in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Contra Costa. The case has since been removed to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.

•On May 17, 2023, Robyn Posternock, Muriel Salters and Philip Munning, individually, as private attorneys general, and on behalf of all other New Jersey persons similarly situated, filed a class action complaint against us in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey.

•On June 5, 2023, Christopher Carovillano and Steven Brandt, individually, as private attorneys general, and on behalf of all other United States persons similarly situated (excluding persons in the states of California, New Jersey and Washington), filed a class action complaint against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

•Commencing on June 5, 2023, the law firm of Hattis & Lukacs filed a series of mass arbitration claims against us before the American Arbitration Association on behalf of approximately 13,500 claimants.

In addition, we have been served with notices of claims by law firms claiming to represent approximately 11,000 claimants. The notices purport to state a variety of claims, including that: we do not adequately disclose to customers the total cost of our subscriptions; do not describe the type or amount of the fees imposed on customers; we enroll customers in automatic bill payments without having knowledge of the U.S. Music Royalty Fee; we fail to provide consumers with an easy way to cancel their subscriptions; in the case of trial subscriptions, we require customers to preauthorize automatic deductions from their accounts, while hiding the fact that customers agree to automatically pay recurring charges at higher rates when the promotional period ends; and we engage in other deceptive consumer practices. The notices assert potential causes of action under the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, various state consumer protection and false advertising laws, and other unspecified state and federal laws. We expect the claimants may also pursue individual arbitrations before the American Arbitration Association pursuant to the terms and conditions of our Customer Agreement.

We believe we have substantial defenses to the claims asserted in these actions and arbitrations, and we intend to defend these actions vigorously.

Other Matters.  In the ordinary course of business, we are a defendant in various other lawsuits and arbitration proceedings, including derivative actions; actions filed by subscribers, both on behalf of themselves and on a class action basis; former employees; parties to contracts or leases; and owners of patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property. None of these other matters, in our opinion, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

(16)Income Taxes

We have historically filed a consolidated federal income tax return for all of our wholly owned subsidiaries, including Sirius XM and Pandora. On February 1, 2021, we entered into a tax sharing agreement with Liberty Media governing the allocation of consolidated U.S. income tax liabilities and setting forth agreements with respect to other tax matters. The tax sharing agreement contains provisions that we believe are customary for tax sharing agreements between members of a consolidated group. On November 3, 2021, Liberty Media informed us that it beneficially owned over 80% of the outstanding shares of our common stock; as a result of this, we were included in the consolidated tax return of Liberty Media beginning November 4, 2021. The tax sharing agreement and our inclusion in Liberty Media’s consolidated tax group is not expected to have any material adverse effect on us.

We have calculated the provision for income taxes by using a separate return method.  Any difference between the tax expense (or benefit) allocated to us under the separate return method and payments to be made for (or received from) Liberty Media for tax expense are treated as either dividends or capital contributions. Income tax expense was $92 and $110 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $230 and $307 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, we recorded $5 as a capital contribution from Liberty Media during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to the tax sharing agreement.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 20.2% and 30.8%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 20.2% and 26.6%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily impacted by benefits related to certain tax credits partially offset by shortfalls related to share-based compensation. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily impacted by the release of valuation reserves against state net operating losses we now expect to utilize and benefits related to certain tax credits partially offset by shortfalls related to share-based compensation. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was negatively impacted as a result of the expected expiration of certain state and local net operating losses, partially offset by the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation. We estimate our effective tax rate for the year ending December 31, 2023 will be approximately 21%.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets of $86 and $113, respectively, that were not likely to be realized due to the timing of certain federal and state net operating loss limitations.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, or IRA, was signed into law. Among other things, the IRA imposes a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022, levies a 1% excise tax on net stock repurchases after December 31, 2022, and provides tax incentives to promote clean energy. Based on our historical net stock repurchase activity, the excise tax and the other provisions of the IRA did not have a material impact on our results of operations or financial position.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we invested $33 in certain tax-effective clean energy technologies investments.

(17)Segments and Geographic Information

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, we disaggregate our operations into two reportable segments: Sirius XM and Pandora and Off-platform. The financial results of these segments are utilized by the chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer, for evaluating segment performance and allocating resources. We report our segment information based on the "management" approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by management for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of our reportable segments. For additional information on our segments refer to Note 1.

Segment results include the revenues and cost of services which are directly attributable to each segment. There are no indirect revenues or costs incurred that are allocated to the segments. There are planned intersegment advertising campaigns which will be eliminated. We had intersegment advertising revenue of $1 and $2 during the three and nine months ended

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

September 30, 2023, respectively, and less than $1 and $1 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

Segment revenue and gross profit were as follows during the period presented:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Sirius XM		Pandora and Off-platform		Total
Revenue
Subscriber revenue	$	1,597	$	132	$	1,729
Advertising revenue	42		418		460
Equipment revenue	49		—		49
Other revenue	33		—		33
Total revenue	1,721		550		2,271
Cost of services (a)	(674)		(370)		(1,044)
Segment gross profit	$	1,047	$	180	$	1,227

The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to consolidated income before income tax is as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Segment Gross Profit	$	1,227
Subscriber acquisition costs	(87)
Sales and marketing (a)	(224)
Engineering, design and development (a)	(61)
General and administrative (a)	(108)
Depreciation and amortization	(130)
Share-based payment expense	(48)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(5)
Total other expense	(109)
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	455

(a)     Share-based payment expense of $13 related to cost of services, $13 related to sales and marketing, $11 related to engineering, design and development and $11 related to general and administrative has been excluded.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Sirius XM		Pandora and Off-platform		Total
Revenue
Subscriber revenue	$	1,603	$	131	$	1,734
Advertising revenue	50		407		457
Equipment revenue	50		—		50
Other revenue	39		—		39
Total revenue	1,742		538		2,280
Cost of services (b)	(665)		(365)		(1,030)
Segment gross profit	$	1,077	$	173	$	1,250

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

    The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to consolidated income before income tax is as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Segment Gross Profit	$	1,250
Subscriber acquisition costs	(86)
Sales and marketing (b)	(268)
Engineering, design and development (b)	(59)
General and administrative (b)	(117)
Depreciation and amortization	(134)
Share-based payment expense	(50)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(69)
Total other expense	(110)
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	357

(b)     Share-based payment expense of $11 related to cost of services, $13 related to sales and marketing, $11 related to engineering, design and development and $15 related to general and administrative has been excluded.

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Sirius XM		Pandora and Off-platform		Total
Revenue
Subscriber revenue	$	4,757	$	389	$	5,146
Advertising revenue	126		1,152		1,278
Equipment revenue	142		—		142
Other revenue	99		—		99
Total revenue	5,124		1,541		6,665
Cost of services (c)	(2,014)		(1,097)		(3,111)
Segment gross profit	$	3,110	$	444	$	3,554

The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to consolidated income before income tax is as follows:

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Segment Gross Profit	$	3,554
Subscriber acquisition costs	(270)
Sales and marketing (c)	(647)
Engineering, design and development (c)	(201)
General and administrative (c)	(385)
Depreciation and amortization	(405)
Share-based payment expense	(135)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(56)
Total other expense	(319)
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	1,136

(c)     Share-based payment expense of $33 related to cost of services, $33 related to sales and marketing, $33 related to engineering, design and development and $36 related to general and administrative has been excluded.

29

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Sirius XM		Pandora and Off-platform		Total
Revenue
Subscriber revenue	$	4,773	$	393	$	5,166
Advertising revenue	146		1,146		1,292
Equipment revenue	148		—		148
Other revenue	114		—		114
Total revenue	5,181		1,539		6,720
Cost of services (d)	(1,980)		(1,063)		(3,043)
Segment gross profit	$	3,201	$	476	$	3,677

The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to consolidated income before income tax is as follows:

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Segment Gross Profit	$	3,677
Subscriber acquisition costs	(267)
Sales and marketing (d)	(799)
Engineering, design and development (d)	(181)
General and administrative (d)	(339)
Depreciation and amortization	(404)
Share-based payment expense	(143)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(70)
Total other expense	(319)
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	1,155

(d)     Share-based payment expense of $34 related to cost of services, $39 related to sales and marketing, $27 related to engineering, design and development and $43 related to general and administrative has been excluded.

A measure of segment assets is not currently provided to the Chief Executive Officer and has therefore not been provided.

As of September 30, 2023, long-lived assets were predominantly located in the United States. No individual foreign country represented a material portion of our consolidated revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

(18)Subsequent Events

Capital Return Program

On October 25, 2023, our board of directors declared a quarterly dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.0266 per share of common stock payable on November 29, 2023 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on November 7, 2023.

30

ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

All amounts referenced in this Item 2 are in millions, except subscriber amounts are in thousands and per subscriber and per installation amounts are in ones, unless otherwise stated.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q presents information for Sirius XM Holdings Inc. (“Holdings”).  The terms “Holdings,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “our company” as used herein, and unless otherwise stated or indicated by context, refer to Sirius XM Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries. "Sirius XM" refers to our wholly owned subsidiary Sirius XM Radio Inc. and its subsidiaries. "Pandora" refers to Sirius XM's wholly owned subsidiary Pandora Media, LLC and its subsidiaries. Holdings has no operations independent of Sirius XM and Pandora.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

The following cautionary statements identify important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in other reports and documents published by us from time to time. Any statements about our beliefs, plans, objectives, expectations, assumptions, future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “will likely result,” “are expected to,” “will continue,” “is anticipated,” “estimated,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection” and “outlook.” Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the factors discussed throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in other reports and documents published by us from time to time, including the risk factors described under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” herein and in Part II, Item 7, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Among the significant factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements are:

•There is significant uncertainty regarding the terms, timing and market reaction to our potential combination with NewCo

•We have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by supply chain issues

•We may be adversely affected by the war in Ukraine

•We face substantial competition and that competition is likely to increase over time

•If our efforts to attract and retain subscribers and listeners, or convert listeners into subscribers, are not successful, our business will be adversely affected

•We engage in extensive marketing efforts and the continued effectiveness of those efforts is an important part of our business

•We rely on third parties for the operation of our business, and the failure of third parties to perform could adversely affect our business

•Failure to successfully monetize and generate revenues from podcasts and other non-music content could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition

•We may not realize the benefits of acquisitions or other strategic investments and initiatives

•The impact of economic conditions may adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition

•A substantial number of our Sirius XM service subscribers periodically cancel their subscriptions and we cannot predict how successful we will be at retaining customers

•Our ability to profitably attract and retain subscribers to our Sirius XM service is uncertain

•Our business depends in part upon the auto industry

•Failure of our satellites would significantly damage our business

•Our Sirius XM service may experience harmful interference from wireless operations

•Our Pandora ad-supported business has suffered a substantial and consistent loss of monthly active users, which may adversely affect our Pandora business

•Our Pandora business generates a significant portion of its revenues from advertising, and reduced spending by advertisers could harm our business

•Our failure to convince advertisers of the benefits of our Pandora ad-supported service could harm our business

•If we are unable to maintain revenue growth from our advertising products our results of operations will be adversely affected

•We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the NASDAQ listing rules and, as a result, qualify for, and rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements

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•Our principal stockholder has significant influence, including over actions requiring stockholder approval, and its interests may differ from the interests of other holders of our common stock

•Changes to mobile operating systems and browsers may hinder our ability to sell advertising and market our services

•If we fail to accurately predict and play music, comedy or other content that our Pandora listeners enjoy, we may fail to retain existing and attract new listeners

•Privacy and data security laws and regulations may hinder our ability to market our services, sell advertising and impose legal liabilities

•Consumer protection laws and our failure to comply with them could damage our business

•Failure to comply with FCC requirements could damage our business

•If we fail to protect the security of personal information about our customers, we could be subject to costly government enforcement actions and private litigation and our reputation could suffer

•Interruption or failure of our information technology and communications systems could impair the delivery of our service and harm our business

•The market for music rights is changing and is subject to significant uncertainties

•Our Pandora services depend upon maintaining complex licenses with copyright owners, and these licenses contain onerous terms

•The rates we must pay for “mechanical rights” to use musical works on our Pandora service have increased substantially and these rates may adversely affect our business

•Failure to protect our intellectual property or actions by third parties to enforce their intellectual property rights could substantially harm our business and operating results

•Some of our services and technologies may use “open source” software, which may restrict how we use or distribute our services or require that we release the source code subject to those licenses

•Rapid technological and industry changes and new entrants could adversely impact our services

•We have a significant amount of indebtedness, and our debt contains certain covenants that restrict our operations

•While we currently pay a quarterly cash dividend to holders of our common stock, we may change our dividend policy at any time

•If we are unable to attract and retain qualified personnel, our business could be harmed

•Our facilities could be damaged by natural catastrophes or terrorist activities

•The unfavorable outcome of pending or future litigation could have an adverse impact on our operations and financial condition

•We may be exposed to liabilities that other entertainment service providers would not customarily be subject to

•Our business and prospects depend on the strength of our brands.

Because the risk factors referred to above could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements. In addition, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made, to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or otherwise, except as required by law. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise or to assess with any precision the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Executive Summary

We operate two complementary audio entertainment businesses - one of which we refer to as “SiriusXM” and the second of which we refer to as “Pandora and Off-platform”. 

Sirius XM

Our Sirius XM business features music, sports, entertainment, comedy, talk, news, traffic and weather channels and other content, as well as podcasts and infotainment services, in the United States on a subscription fee basis. Sirius XM's packages include live, curated and certain exclusive and on demand programming. The Sirius XM service is distributed through our two proprietary satellite radio systems and streamed via applications for mobile devices, home devices and other consumer electronic equipment. Satellite radios are primarily distributed through automakers, retailers and our website. Our Sirius XM service is also available through our in-car user interface, which we call “360L,” that combines our satellite and streaming services into a single, cohesive in-vehicle entertainment experience.

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The primary source of revenue from our Sirius XM business is subscription fees, with most of our customers subscribing to monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual plans.  We also derive revenue from advertising on select non-music channels, which is sold under the SXM Media brand, direct sales of our satellite radios and accessories, and other ancillary services.  As of September 30, 2023, our Sirius XM business had approximately 34.0 million subscribers.

In addition to our audio entertainment businesses, we provide connected vehicle services to several automakers. These services are designed to enhance the safety, security and driving experience of consumers. We also offer a suite of data services that includes graphical weather and fuel prices, a traffic information service, and real-time weather services in boats and airplanes.

Sirius XM also holds a 70% equity interest and 33% voting interest in Sirius XM Canada. Sirius XM Canada's subscribers are not included in our subscriber count or subscriber-based operating metrics.

Pandora and Off-platform

Our Pandora and Off-platform business operates a music and podcast streaming discovery platform, offering a personalized experience for each listener wherever and whenever they want to listen, whether through computers, tablets, mobile devices, vehicle speakers or connected devices.  Pandora enables listeners to create personalized stations and playlists, discover new content, hear artist- and expert-curated playlists, podcasts and select Sirius XM content as well as search and play songs and albums on-demand.  Pandora is available as (1) an ad-supported radio service, (2) a radio subscription service (Pandora Plus) and (3) an on-demand subscription service (Pandora Premium).  As of September 30, 2023, Pandora had approximately 46.5 million monthly active users and 6.1 million subscribers.

The majority of revenue from Pandora is generated from advertising on our Pandora ad-supported radio service which is sold under the SXM Media brand. We also derive subscription revenue from our Pandora Plus and Pandora Premium subscribers.

We also sell advertising on other audio platforms and in widely distributed podcasts, which we consider to be off-platform services. We have an arrangement with SoundCloud Holdings, LLC ("SoundCloud") to be its exclusive ad sales representative in the US and certain European countries and offer advertisers the ability to execute campaigns across the Pandora and SoundCloud platforms. We also have arrangements to serve as the ad sales representative for certain podcasts. In addition, through AdsWizz Inc., we provide a comprehensive digital audio and programmatic advertising technology platform, which connects audio publishers and advertisers with a variety of ad insertion, campaign trafficking, yield optimization, programmatic buying, marketplace and podcast monetization solutions.

Liberty Media

As of September 30, 2023, Liberty Media beneficially owned, directly and indirectly, 83.5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock.  As a result, we are a “controlled company” for the purposes of the NASDAQ corporate governance requirements.

On September 22, 2023, the special committee of independent directors of the board of Holdings (the “Special Committee”) received a non-binding proposal from Liberty Media regarding a potential transaction involving Holdings. The potential transaction would consist of the separation of the assets and liabilities attributed to the Liberty SiriusXM tracking stock group from Liberty Media through the split-off of a newly formed company (“Newco”) and the subsequent combination of Newco and Holdings. As a result of the potential transaction, the holders of Liberty SiriusXM tracking stock and Holdings common stock would all hold one class of common stock of the combined company (the “Proposal”). The Special Committee is evaluating the Proposal. There can be no assurance that the Proposal, or any other transaction, will be completed or of the terms and conditions of any such transaction.

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Results of Operations

Set forth below are our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared with the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The results of operations are presented for each of our reporting segments for revenue and cost of services and on a consolidated basis for all other items.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,				2023 vs 2022 Change
									Three Months				Nine Months
	2023		2022		2023		2022		Amount		%		Amount		%
Revenue
Sirius XM:
Subscriber revenue	$	1,597	$	1,603	$	4,757	$	4,773	$	(6)	—	%	$	(16)	—	%
Advertising revenue	42		50		126		146		(8)		(16)	%	(20)		(14)	%
Equipment revenue	49		50		142		148		(1)		(2)	%	(6)		(4)	%
Other revenue	33		39		99		114		(6)		(15)	%	(15)		(13)	%
Total Sirius XM revenue	1,721		1,742		5,124		5,181		(21)		(1)	%	(57)		(1)	%
Pandora and Off-platform:
Subscriber revenue	132		131		389		393		1		1	%	(4)		(1)	%
Advertising revenue	418		407		1,152		1,146		11		3	%	6		1	%
Total Pandora and Off-platform revenue	550		538		1,541		1,539		12		2	%	2		—	%
Total consolidated revenue	2,271		2,280		6,665		6,720		(9)		—	%	(55)		(1)	%
Cost of services
Sirius XM:
Revenue share and royalties	406		391		1,201		1,169		15		4	%	32		3	%
Programming and content	136		139		407		407		(3)		(2)	%	—		—	%
Customer service and billing	96		103		300		310		(7)		(7)	%	(10)		(3)	%
Transmission	44		38		126		116		6		16	%	10		9	%
Cost of equipment	3		4		10		9		(1)		(25)	%	1		11	%
Total Sirius XM cost of services	685		675		2,044		2,011		10		1	%	33		2	%
Pandora and Off-platform:
Revenue share and royalties	325		318		961		921		7		2	%	40		4	%
Programming and content	17		16		49		41		1		6	%	8		20	%
Customer service and billing	20		19		63		63		1		5	%	—		—	%
Transmission	10		13		27		41		(3)		(23)	%	(14)		(34)	%
Total Pandora and Off-platform cost of services	372		366		1,100		1,066		6		2	%	34		3	%
Total consolidated cost of services	1,057		1,041		3,144		3,077		16		2	%	67		2	%
Subscriber acquisition costs	87		86		270		267		1		1	%	3		1	%
Sales and marketing	237		281		680		838		(44)		(16)	%	(158)		(19)	%
Engineering, design and development	72		70		234		208		2		3	%	26		13	%
General and administrative	119		132		421		382		(13)		(10)	%	39		10	%
Depreciation and amortization	130		134		405		404		(4)		(3)	%	1		—	%
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	5		69		56		70		(64)		nm		(14)		nm
Total operating expenses	1,707		1,813		5,210		5,246		(106)		(6)	%	(36)		(1)	%
Income from operations	564		467		1,455		1,474		97		21	%	(19)		(1)	%
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense	(106)		(107)		(319)		(314)		(1)		(1)	%	5		2	%
Other expense	(3)		(3)		—		(5)		—		nm		(5)		nm
Total other expense	(109)		(110)		(319)		(319)		(1)		(1)	%	—		—	%
Income before income taxes	455		357		1,136		1,155		98		27	%	(19)		(2)	%
Income tax expense	(92)		(110)		(230)		(307)		(18)		(16)	%	(77)		(25)	%
Net income	$	363	$	247	$	906	$	848	$	116	47	%	$	58	7	%

nm - not meaningful

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Sirius XM Revenue

Sirius XM Subscriber Revenue includes fees charged for self-pay and paid promotional subscriptions, U.S. Music Royalty Fees and other ancillary fees.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, subscriber revenue was $1,597 and $1,603, respectively, a decrease of less than 1%, or $6. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, subscriber revenue was $4,757 and $4,773, respectively, a decrease of less than 1%, or $16. The decreases were primarily driven by a reduction in paid promotional revenue resulting from lower overall rates from automakers offering paid promotional subscriptions and lower revenue generated from our connected vehicle services, partially offset by an increase in self-pay revenue.

We expect subscriber revenues to remain relatively flat.

Sirius XM Advertising Revenue includes the sale of advertising on Sirius XM’s non-music channels.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, advertising revenue was $42 and $50, respectively, a decrease of 16%, or $8. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, advertising revenue was $126 and $146, respectively, a decrease of 14%, or $20. The decreases were due to a decline in the number of spots sold and aired, primarily on news and entertainment channels.

We expect our Sirius XM advertising revenue to increase due to growing success of brand co-sell initiatives.

Sirius XM Equipment Revenue includes revenue and royalties from the sale of satellite radios, components and accessories.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, equipment revenue was $49 and $50, respectively, a decrease of 2%, or $1. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, equipment revenue was $142 and $148, respectively, a decrease of 4%, or $6. The decreases were driven by lower royalty rates, partially offset by increased chipset production.

We expect equipment revenue to decrease driven by higher chipset costs for new technology.

Sirius XM Other Revenue includes service and advisory revenue from Sirius XM Canada, revenue from our connected vehicle services, and ancillary revenues.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, other revenue was $33 and $39, respectively, a decrease of 15%, or $6. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, other revenue was $99 and $114, respectively, a decrease of 13%, or $15. The decreases were primarily driven by lower royalty revenue generated by Sirius XM Canada and lower revenue generated by our connected vehicle services.

We expect other revenue to continue to decrease primarily due to lower revenue from our connected vehicle services.

Pandora and Off-platform Revenue

Pandora and Off-platform Subscriber Revenue includes fees charged for Pandora Plus and Pandora Premium.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Pandora and Off-platform subscriber revenue was $132 and $131, respectively, an increase of 1%, or $1. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Pandora and Off-platform subscriber revenue was $389 and $393, respectively, a decrease of 1%, or $4. The increase for the three month period was driven by a rate increase on Pandora Plus, partially offset by a decline in the subscriber base. The decrease for the nine month period was primarily driven by a decline in the Pandora Plus subscriber base.

We expect Pandora and Off-platform subscriber revenues to remain relatively flat as higher ARPU is anticipated to be offset by a lower subscriber base.

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Pandora and Off-platform Advertising Revenue is generated primarily from audio, display and video advertising from on-platform and off-platform advertising.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Pandora and Off-platform advertising revenue was $418 and $407, respectively, an increase of 3%, or $11. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Pandora and Off-platform advertising revenue was $1,152 and $1,146, respectively, an increase of 1%, or $6. The increases were primarily driven by higher podcasting revenue, partially offset by lower sell-through on the Pandora ad-supported service.

We expect Pandora and Off-platform advertising revenue to increase due to growth in podcast and programmatic revenue.

Total Consolidated Revenue

Total Consolidated Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $2,271 and $2,280, respectively, a decrease of less than 1%, or $9. Total Consolidated Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $6,665 and $6,720, respectively, a decrease of 1%, or $55.

Sirius XM Cost of Services

Sirius XM Cost of Services includes revenue share and royalties, programming and content, customer service and billing, and transmission expenses.

Sirius XM Revenue Share and Royalties include royalties for transmitting content, including streaming royalties, as well as automaker, content provider and advertising revenue share.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, revenue share and royalties were $406 and $391, respectively, an increase of 4%, or $15, and increased as a percentage of total Sirius XM revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, revenue share and royalties were $1,201 and $1,169, respectively, an increase of 3%, or $32, and increased as a percentage of total Sirius XM revenue. The increases were driven by higher web streaming royalty rates.

We expect our Sirius XM revenue share and royalty costs to remain relatively flat as higher royalty rates under the statutory webcasting license resulting from increases in the Consumer Price Index are anticipated to be offset by lower eligible subscription revenue.

Sirius XM Programming and Content includes costs to acquire, create, promote and produce content. We have entered into various agreements with third parties for music and non-music programming that require us to pay license fees and other amounts.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, programming and content expenses were $136 and $139, respectively, a decrease of 2%, or $3, and decreased as a percentage of total Sirius XM revenue. For each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, programming and content expenses were $407 and increased as a percentage of total Sirius XM revenue. The decrease for the three month period was primarily driven by lower live performance costs.

We expect our Sirius XM programming and content expenses to remain relatively flat.

Sirius XM Customer Service and Billing includes costs associated with the operation and management of internal and third-party customer service centers, and our subscriber management systems as well as billing and collection costs, bad debt expense, and transaction fees.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, customer service and billing expenses were $96 and $103, respectively, a decrease of 7% or $7, and decreased as a percentage of total Sirius XM revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, customer service and billing expenses were $300 and $310, respectively, a decrease of 3% or $10, and decreased as a percentage of total Sirius XM revenue. The decreases were primarily driven by lower call center and personnel-related costs, partially offset by higher transaction costs.

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We expect our Sirius XM customer service and billing expenses to decline due to lower call center and personnel-related costs.

Sirius XM Transmission consists of costs associated with the operation and maintenance of our terrestrial repeater networks; satellites; satellite telemetry, tracking and control systems; satellite uplink facilities; studios; and delivery of our Internet and 360L streaming and connected vehicle services.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, transmission expenses were $44 and $38, respectively, an increase of 16%, or $6, and increased as a percentage of total Sirius XM revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, transmission expenses were $126 and $116, respectively, an increase of 9%, or $10, and increased as a percentage of total Sirius XM revenue. The increases were primarily driven by higher costs associated with our 360L platform and streaming.

We expect our Sirius XM transmission expenses to increase as costs associated with consumers using our 360L platform rise and investments in internet streaming grow.

Sirius XM Cost of Equipment includes costs from the sale of satellite radios, components and accessories and provisions for inventory allowance attributable to products purchased for resale in our direct to consumer distribution channels.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cost of equipment was $3 and $4, respectively, a decrease of 25%, or $1, and decreased as a percentage of total Sirius XM revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cost of equipment was $10 and $9, respectively, an increase of 11%, or $1, and increased as a percentage of total Sirius XM revenue. The decrease for the three month period was driven by lower shipping costs. The increase for the nine month period was driven by higher inventory write downs.

We expect our Sirius XM cost of equipment to fluctuate with the sales of our satellite radios.

Pandora and Off-platform Cost of Services

Pandora and Off-platform Cost of Services includes revenue share and royalties, programming and content, customer service and billing, and transmission expenses.

Pandora and Off-platform Revenue Share and Royalties includes licensing fees paid for streaming music or other content costs related to podcasts as well as revenue share paid to third party ad servers. We make payments to third party ad servers for the period the advertising impressions are delivered or click-through actions occur, and accordingly, we record this as a cost of service in the related period.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, revenue share and royalties were $325 and $318, respectively, an increase of 2%, or $7, but decreased as a percentage of total Pandora and Off-platform revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, revenue share and royalties were $961 and $921, respectively, an increase of 4%, or $40, and increased as a percentage of total Pandora and Off-platform revenue. The increases were primarily due to higher podcast revenue share driven by growth in podcast advertising revenue as well as higher royalty expense due to costs related to an increase in certain web streaming royalty rates.

We expect our Pandora and Off-platform revenue share and royalties to increase related to growth in our podcast revenue.

Pandora and Off-platform Programming and Content includes costs to produce live listener events and promote content.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, programming and content expenses were $17 and $16, respectively, an increase of 6%, or $1, and increased as a percentage of total Pandora and Off-platform revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, programming and content expenses were $49 and $41, respectively, an increase of 20%, or $8, and increased as a percentage of total Pandora and Off-platform revenue. The increases were primarily attributable to higher podcast license fees and higher live event costs, partially offset by lower personnel-related costs.

We expect our Pandora and Off-platform programming and content costs to increase as we offer additional programming and produce live events and listener promotions.

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Pandora and Off-platform Customer Service and Billing includes transaction fees on subscription purchases through mobile app stores and bad debt expense.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, customer service and billing expenses were $20 and $19, respectively, an increase of 5%, or $1, and increased as a percentage of total Pandora and Off-platform revenue. For each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, customer service and billing expenses were $63 and decreased as a percentage of total Pandora and Off-platform revenue. The increase for the three month period was driven by higher bad debt expense. The results for the nine month period were driven by lower transaction fees offset by higher bad debt expense.

We expect our Pandora and Off-platform customer service and billing costs to decrease driven by lower expected bad debt expense.

Pandora and Off-platform Transmission includes costs associated with content streaming, maintaining our streaming radio and on-demand subscription services and creating and serving advertisements through third-party ad servers.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, transmission expenses were $10 and $13, respectively, a decrease of 23%, or $3, and decreased as a percentage of total Pandora and Off-platform revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, transmission expenses were $27 and $41, respectively, a decrease of 34%, or $14, and decreased as a percentage of total Pandora and Off-platform revenue. The decreases were driven by lower colocation and personnel-related costs as well as lower streaming costs resulting from a decline in listener hours.

We expect our Pandora and Off-platform transmission costs to increase due to higher hosting costs, partially offset by lower personnel-related costs.

Operating Costs

Subscriber Acquisition Costs are costs associated with our satellite radio service and include hardware subsidies paid to radio manufacturers, distributors and automakers; subsidies paid for chipsets and certain other components used in manufacturing radios; device royalties for certain radios and chipsets; product warranty obligations; and freight. The majority of subscriber acquisition costs are incurred and expensed in advance of acquiring a subscriber. Subscriber acquisition costs do not include advertising costs, marketing, loyalty payments to distributors and dealers of satellite radios or revenue share payments to automakers and retailers of satellite radios.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, subscriber acquisition costs were $87 and $86, respectively, an increase of 1%, or $1, and increased as a percentage of total revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, subscriber acquisition costs were $270 and $267, respectively, an increase of 1%, or $3, and increased as a percentage of total revenue. Higher hardware subsidies driven by installations, which grew due to increased production by automakers, were offset by lower commission and hardware subsidy rates.

We expect subscriber acquisition costs to fluctuate with automaker installations. We intend to continue to offer subsidies and other incentives to induce automakers to include our technology in their vehicles.

Sales and Marketing includes costs for marketing, advertising, media and production, including promotional events and sponsorships; cooperative and artist marketing; and personnel related costs including salaries, commissions, and sales support. Marketing costs include expenses related to direct mail, outbound telemarketing, email communications, social media, television and streaming performance media, and third party promotional offers.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, sales and marketing expenses were $237 and $281, respectively, a decrease of 16%, or $44, and decreased as a percentage of total revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, sales and marketing expenses were $680 and $838, respectively, a decrease of 19%, or $158, and decreased as a percentage of total revenue. The decreases were primarily due to a decrease in streaming marketing and marketing to support our brands as well as lower personnel-related costs.

We anticipate that sales and marketing expenses will remain relatively flat.

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Engineering, Design and Development consists primarily of compensation and related costs to develop chipsets and new products and services, including streaming and connected vehicle services, research and development for broadcast information systems and the design and development costs to incorporate Sirius XM radios into new vehicles manufactured by automakers.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, engineering, design and development expenses were $72 and $70, respectively, an increase of 3%, or $2, and increased as a percentage of total revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, engineering, design and development expenses were $234 and $208, respectively, an increase of 13%, or $26, and increased as a percentage of total revenue. The increase for the three month period was driven by cloud hosting costs, partially offset by lower personnel-related costs. The increase for the nine month period was driven by higher cloud hosting and personnel-related costs.

We expect engineering, design and development expenses to increase as we continue to develop our infrastructure, products and services.

General and Administrative primarily consists of compensation and related costs for personnel and facilities, and includes costs related to our finance, legal, human resources and information technologies departments.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, general and administrative expenses were $119 and $132, respectively, a decrease of 10%, or $13, and decreased as a percentage of total revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, general and administrative expenses were $421 and $382, respectively, an increase of 10%, or $39, and increased as a percentage of total revenue. The decrease for the three month period was primarily driven by lower personnel-related costs attributed to our share-based compensation plan and lower consulting costs. The increase for the nine month period was primarily driven by increased legal costs, including amounts associated with the settlement of certain litigation matters of $24 during the three months ended June 30, 2023, as well as higher personnel-related benefits attributed to our Deferred Compensation Plan.

We expect our general and administrative expenses to decrease driven by lower personnel-related costs.

Depreciation and Amortization represents the recognition in earnings of the cost of assets used in operations, including our satellite constellations, property, equipment and intangible assets, over their estimated service lives.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, depreciation and amortization expense was $130 and $134, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, depreciation and amortization expense was $405 and $404, respectively. The decrease for the three month period was driven by lower amortization related to our intangible assets, partially offset by increases in capitalized software and hardware. The increase for the nine month period was driven by increases in capitalized software and hardware.

Impairment, Restructuring and Acquisition Costs represents impairment charges, net of insurance recoveries, associated with the carrying amount of an asset exceeding the asset's fair value, restructuring expenses associated with the abandonment of certain leased office spaces as well as employee severance charges associated with organizational changes, and acquisition costs.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs were $5 and $69, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs were $56 and $70, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded restructuring related costs and impairments of $5. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a charge of $31 primarily related to severance and other related costs, impairments primarily related to terminated software projects of $15, vacated office space impairments of $5, accrued expenses of $2 for which we will not recognize any future benefits, and a cost-method investment impairment of $2. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded an impairment of $43 associated with terminated software projects, $16 related to certain vacated office spaces, $4 in connection with furniture and equipment located at the impaired office spaces, and $5 related to personnel severance. Acquisition related costs were $1 and $2 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

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Other (Expense) Income

Interest Expense includes interest on outstanding debt.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, interest expense was $106 and $107, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, interest expense was $319 and $314, respectively. The decrease for the three month period was driven by lower average outstanding debt balance, partially offset by higher rates driven by the Credit Facility and Incremental Term Loan. The increase for the nine month period was driven by higher rates driven by the Credit Facility and Incremental Term Loan, partially offset by a lower average outstanding debt balance.

Other Expense primarily includes realized and unrealized gains and losses from our Deferred Compensation Plan and other investments, interest and dividend income, our share of the income or loss from equity investments in Sirius XM Canada and SoundCloud, and transaction costs related to non-operating investments.

For each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, other expense was $3. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, other expense was $0 and $5, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded trading gains associated with the investments held for our Deferred Compensation Plan as well as our share of Sirius XM Canada's net income, partially offset by our share of SoundCloud's net losses. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded trading losses associated with the investments held for our Deferred Compensation Plan as well as our share of Sirius XM Canada's and SoundCloud's net losses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded trading losses associated with the investments held for our Deferred Compensation Plan, partially offset by our share of Sirius XM Canada's net income and interest earned on our loan to Sirius XM Canada.

Income Taxes

Income Tax Expense includes the change in our deferred tax assets, current federal and state tax expenses, and foreign withholding taxes.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, income tax expense was $92 and $110, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, income tax expense was $230 and $307, respectively.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 20.2% and 30.8%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 20.2% and 26.6%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily impacted by benefits related to certain tax credits partially offset by shortfalls related to share-based compensation. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily impacted by the release of valuation reserves against state net operating losses we now expect to utilize and benefits related to certain tax credits partially offset by shortfalls related to share-based compensation. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was negatively impacted as a result of the expected expiration of certain state and local net operating losses, partially offset by the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation. We estimate our effective tax rate for the year ending December 31, 2023 will be approximately 21%.

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Key Financial and Operating Performance Metrics

In this section, we present certain financial performance measures, some of which are presented as Non-GAAP items, which include free cash flow and adjusted EBITDA. We also present certain operating performance measures. Our adjusted EBITDA excludes the impact of share-based payment expense.  Additionally, when applicable, our adjusted EBITDA metric excludes the effect of significant items that do not relate to the on-going performance of our business.  We use these Non-GAAP financial and operating performance measures to manage our business, to set operational goals and as a basis for determining performance-based compensation for our employees. See the accompanying Glossary for more details and for the reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measure (where applicable).

We believe these Non-GAAP financial and operating performance measures provide useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations. We believe these Non-GAAP financial and operating performance measures may be useful to investors in evaluating our core trends because they provide a more direct view of our underlying costs. We believe investors may use our adjusted EBITDA to estimate our current enterprise value and to make investment decisions. We believe free cash flow provides useful supplemental information to investors regarding our cash available for future subscriber acquisitions and capital expenditures, to repurchase or retire debt, to acquire other companies and our ability to return capital to stockholders. By providing these Non-GAAP financial and operating performance measures, together with the reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measure (where applicable), we believe we are enhancing investors' understanding of our business and our results of operations.

Our Non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative for or superior to, our reported results prepared in accordance with GAAP.  In addition, our Non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures by other companies.  Please refer to the Glossary for a further discussion of such Non-GAAP financial and operating performance measures and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measure (where applicable).  Subscribers and subscription related revenues and expenses associated with our connected vehicle services and Sirius XM Canada are not included in Sirius XM's subscriber count or subscriber-based operating metrics.

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Set forth below are our subscriber balances as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022.

	As of September 30,		2023 vs 2022 Change
(subscribers in thousands)	2023	2022	Amount	%
Sirius XM
Self-pay subscribers	31,811	32,224	(413)	(1)	%
Paid promotional subscribers	2,158	1,946	212	11	%
Ending subscribers	33,969	34,170	(201)	(1)	%
Sirius XM Canada subscribers	2,661	2,563	98	4	%
Pandora and Off-platform
Monthly active users - all services	46,500	48,769	(2,269)	(5)	%
Self-pay subscribers	6,117	6,267	(150)	(2)	%
Paid promotional subscribers	—	—	—	nm
Ending subscribers	6,117	6,267	(150)	(2)	%

The following table contains our Non-GAAP financial and operating performance measures which are based on our adjusted results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,						2023 vs 2022 Change
													Three Months					Nine Months
(subscribers in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022			Amount			%		Amount			%
Sirius XM
Self-pay subscribers	(96)			187			(575)			186			(283)			(151)	%	(761)			nm
Paid promotional subscribers	2			(49)			239			(48)			51			104	%	287			nm
Net additions	(94)			138			(336)			138			(232)			(168)	%	(474)			nm
Weighted average number of subscribers	34,000			34,076			34,044			33,977			(76)			—	%	67			—	%
Average self-pay monthly churn	1.6		%	1.5		%	1.6		%	1.6		%	0.1		%	7	%	—		%	—	%
ARPU (1)	$	15.69		$	15.72		$	15.54		$	15.63		$	(0.03)		—	%	$	(0.09)		(1)	%
SAC, per installation	$	12.46		$	12.73		$	13.53		$	13.87		$	(0.27)		(2)	%	$	(0.34)		(2)	%
Pandora and Off-platform
Self-pay subscribers	(112)			(52)			(98)			(57)			(60)			(115)	%	(41)			(72)	%
Paid promotional subscribers	—			—			—			(69)			—			nm		69			nm
Net additions	(112)			(52)			(98)			(126)			(60)			(115)	%	28			22	%
Weighted average number of subscribers	6,188			6,292			6,195			6,320			(104)			(2)	%	(125)			(2)	%
Ad supported listener hours (in billions)	2.64			2.75			7.95			8.28			(0.11)			(4)	%	(0.33)			(4)	%
Advertising revenue per thousand listener hours (RPM)	$	104.33		$	103.32		$	95.61		$	97.70		$	1.01		1	%	$	(2.09)		(2)	%
Total Company
Adjusted EBITDA	$	747		$	720		$	2,075		$	2,091		$	27		4	%	$	(16)		(1)	%
Free cash flow	$	291		$	329		$	758		$	1,022		$	(38)		(12)	%	$	(264)		(26)	%

nm - not meaningful

(1)    ARPU for Sirius XM excludes subscriber revenue from our connected vehicle services of $39 and $46 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $121 and $141 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Sirius XM

Subscribers. At September 30, 2023, Sirius XM had approximately 33,969 subscribers, a decrease of 201, from the approximately 34,170 subscribers as of September 30, 2022. The decrease was due to a decrease in our self-pay subscriber base resulting from lower vehicle conversion rates, and higher vehicle related churn, partially offset by an increase in paid promotional subscribers generated by vehicle sales.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, net subscriber additions were (94) and 138, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, net subscriber additions were (336) and 138, respectively. Self-pay net additions decreased as a result of lower new and used vehicle conversion rates, unfavorable vehicle related churn and lower streaming net additions, partially offset by lower non-pay churn. Paid promotional net additions increased generated by higher vehicle sales.

Sirius XM Canada Subscribers. At September 30, 2023, Sirius XM Canada had approximately 2,661 subscribers, an increase of 98, or 4%, from the approximately 2,563 Sirius XM Canada subscribers as of September 30, 2022.

Average Self-pay Monthly Churn is derived by dividing the monthly average of self-pay deactivations for the period by the average number of self-pay subscribers for the period. (See accompanying Glossary for more details.)

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, our average self-pay monthly churn rate was 1.6% and 1.5%, respectively. The increase was driven by higher vehicle related churn, partially offset by lower non-pay churn. For each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, our average self-pay monthly churn rate was 1.6%. Higher vehicle related churn was offset by lower non-pay churn.

ARPU is derived from total earned Sirius XM subscriber revenue (excluding revenue derived from our connected vehicle services) and net advertising revenue, divided by the number of months in the period, divided by the daily weighted average number of subscribers for the period. (See the accompanying Glossary for more details.)

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, subscriber ARPU - Sirius XM was $15.69 and $15.72, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, subscriber ARPU - Sirius XM was $15.54 and $15.63, respectively. The decreases were driven by an increase in subscribers on promotional and streaming-only self-pay subscription plans, a reduction in rates associated with paid promotional plans from automakers as well as lower advertising revenue; partially offset by increases in certain subscription rates.

SAC, Per Installation, is derived from subscriber acquisition costs and margins from the sale of radios, components and accessories (excluding connected vehicle services), divided by the number of satellite radio installations in new vehicles and shipments of aftermarket radios for the period. (See the accompanying Glossary for more details.)

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, SAC, per installation, was $12.46 and $12.73, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, SAC, per installation, was $13.53 and $13.87, respectively. The decreases were driven by a change in the mix of OEMs.

Pandora and Off-platform

Monthly Active Users. At September 30, 2023, Pandora had approximately 46,500 monthly active users, a decrease of 2,269 monthly active users, or 5%, from the 48,769 monthly active users as of September 30, 2022. The decrease in monthly active users was driven by churn and a decline in the number of new users.

Subscribers. At September 30, 2023, Pandora had approximately 6,117 subscribers, a decrease of 150, or 2%, from the approximately 6,267 subscribers as of September 30, 2022.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, net subscriber additions were (112) and (52), respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, net subscriber additions were (98) and (126), respectively. The decreases in ending subscribers were driven by decreases in trial starts and lower retention due to certain price increases.

Ad supported listener hours are a key indicator of our Pandora business and the engagement of our Pandora listeners. We include ad supported listener hours related to Pandora's non-music content offerings in the definition of listener hours.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, ad supported listener hours were 2,637 and 2,750, respectively, a decrease of 4%, or 113. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, ad supported listener

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hours were 7,952 and 8,280, respectively, a decrease of 4%, or 328. The decreases in ad supported listener hours were primarily driven by the decline in monthly active users, partially offset by increased hours per active user.

RPM is a key indicator of our ability to monetize advertising inventory created by our listener hours on the Pandora services. Ad RPM is calculated by dividing advertising revenue by the number of thousands of listener hours of our Pandora advertising-based service.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, RPM was $104.33 and $103.32, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, RPM was $95.61 and $97.70, respectively. The increase for the three month period was driven by an increase in advertisements sold per hour. The decrease for the nine month period was primarily driven by a decline in higher priced advertisements sold, partially offset by a slight increase in advertisements sold per hour.

Total Company

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, income tax expense and depreciation and amortization.  Adjusted EBITDA excludes the impact of other expense (income), loss on extinguishment of debt, impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs, other non-cash charges such as share-based payment expense, and legal settlements and reserves (if applicable). (See the accompanying Glossary for a reconciliation to GAAP and for more details.)

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, adjusted EBITDA was $747 and $720, respectively, an increase of 4%, or $27. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, adjusted EBITDA was $2,075 and $2,091, respectively, a decrease of 1%, or $16. The increase for the three month period was driven by lower sales and marketing costs, partially offset by higher revenue share and royalties. The decrease for the nine month period was driven by lower revenue combined with higher revenue share and royalties due to podcast minimum guarantees and streaming rates, partially offset by lower sales and marketing costs.

Free Cash Flow includes cash provided by operations, net of additions to property and equipment, and restricted and other investment activity. (See the accompanying Glossary for a reconciliation to GAAP and for more details.)

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, free cash flow was $291 and $329, respectively, a decrease of 12%, or $38. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, free cash flow was $758 and $1,022, respectively, a decrease of 26%, or $264. The decrease for the three month period was primarily driven by an increase in satellite capital expenditures. The decrease for the nine month period was primarily driven by higher cash taxes paid and increases in satellite capital expenditures.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table presents a summary of our cash flow activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023 vs 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	1,279	$	1,300	$	(21)
Net cash used in investing activities	(554)		(415)		(139)
Net cash used in financing activities	(729)		(1,036)		307
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(4)		(151)		147
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	65		199		(134)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	61	$	48	$	13

Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities

Cash flows provided by operating activities decreased by $21 to $1,279 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $1,300 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Our largest source of cash provided by operating activities is cash generated by subscription and subscription-related revenues.  We also generate cash from the sale of advertising through our Pandora business, advertising on certain non-music channels on Sirius XM and the sale of satellite radios, components and accessories.  Our primary uses of cash from operating activities include revenue share and royalty payments to distributors, programming and content providers, and payments to radio manufacturers, distributors and automakers. In addition, uses of cash from operating activities include payments to

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vendors to service, maintain and acquire listeners and subscribers, general corporate expenditures, and compensation and related costs.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were primarily due to spending for capitalized software and hardware, the construction of satellites and acquisitions of tax-effective investments for total cash consideration of $33. Cash flows used in investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were primarily due to spending for capitalized software and hardware, the construction of satellites and an acquisition for total cash consideration of $136. We spent $212 and $187 on capitalized software and hardware as well as $261 and $64 to construct satellites during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Cash Flows Used in Financing Activities

Cash flows used in financing activities consists of the issuance and repayment of long-term debt, the purchase of common stock under our share repurchase program, the payment of cash dividends and taxes paid in lieu of shares issued for stock-based compensation.  Proceeds from long-term debt have been used to fund our operations, construct and launch new satellites, fund acquisitions, invest in other infrastructure improvements and purchase shares of our common stock.

Cash flows used in financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were primarily due to the payment of cash dividends of $281, the repurchase of $173 in principal amount of Pandora's 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023, the purchase and retirement of shares of our common stock under our repurchase program for $274, and payment of $50 for taxes in lieu of shares issued for share-based compensation, partially offset by net borrowings under our Credit Facility of $55. Cash flows used in financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were primarily due to the payment of cash dividends of $1,245, the purchase and retirement of shares of our common stock under our repurchase program for $599, and payment of $102 for taxes in lieu of shares issued for share-based compensation, partially offset by net borrowings under our Credit Facility of $421 and an amendment to our Credit Facility to incorporate an Incremental Term Loan borrowing of $500 ($499 net of costs) which matures on April 11, 2024.

Future Liquidity and Capital Resource Requirements

Based upon our current business plans, we expect to fund operating expenses, capital expenditures, including the construction of replacement satellites, working capital requirements, interest payments, taxes and scheduled maturities of our debt with existing cash, cash flow from operations and borrowings under our Credit Facility.  As of September 30, 2023, $135 was outstanding under our Credit Facility and $1,615 was available for future borrowing under our Credit Facility.  We believe that we have sufficient cash and cash equivalents, as well as debt capacity, to cover our estimated short-term and long-term funding needs, including amounts to construct, launch and insure replacement satellites, as well as fund future stock repurchases, future dividend payments and to pursue strategic opportunities.

Our ability to meet our debt and other obligations depends on our future operating performance and on economic, financial, competitive and other factors.

We regularly evaluate our business plans and strategy. These evaluations often result in changes to our business plans and strategy, some of which may be material and significantly change our cash requirements. These changes in our business plans or strategy may include: the acquisition of unique or compelling programming; the development and introduction of new features or services; significant new or enhanced distribution arrangements; investments in infrastructure, such as satellites, equipment or radio spectrum; and acquisitions and investments, including acquisitions and investments that are not directly related to our existing business.

We may from time to time purchase our outstanding debt through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Purchases or retirement of debt, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.

Capital Return Program

As of September 30, 2023, our board of directors had authorized for repurchase an aggregate of $18,000 of our common stock.  As of September 30, 2023, our cumulative repurchases since December 2012 under our stock repurchase program totaled 3,731 shares for $16,834, and $1,166 remained available for additional repurchases under our existing stock repurchase program authorization.

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Shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market and in privately negotiated transactions, including in accelerated stock repurchase transactions and transactions with Liberty Media and its affiliates. We intend to fund the additional repurchases through a combination of cash on hand, cash generated by operations and future borrowings. The size and timing of any purchases will be based on a number of factors, including price and business and market conditions.

On October 25, 2023, our board of directors declared a quarterly dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.0266 per share of common stock payable on November 29, 2023 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on November 7, 2023.

Debt Covenants

The indentures governing Sirius XM's senior notes and Pandora's convertible notes and the agreement governing the Sirius XM Credit Facility include restrictive covenants.  As of September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with such covenants.  For a discussion of our “Debt Covenants,” refer to Note 12 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any significant off-balance sheet arrangements other than those disclosed in Note 15 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Contractual Cash Commitments

For a discussion of our “Contractual Cash Commitments,” refer to Note 15 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Related Party Transactions

For a discussion of “Related Party Transactions,” refer to Note 11 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

For a discussion of our “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates,” refer to “Management's Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates since December 31, 2022.

Glossary

Monthly active users - the number of distinct registered users on the Pandora services, including subscribers, which have consumed content within the trailing 30 days to the end of the final calendar month of the period. The number of monthly active users on the Pandora services may overstate the number of unique individuals who actively use our Pandora service, as one individual may use multiple accounts. To become a registered user on the Pandora services, a person must sign-up using an email address or access our service using a device with a unique identifier, which we use to create an account for our service.

Average self-pay monthly churn - for satellite-enabled subscriptions, the Sirius XM monthly average of self-pay deactivations for the period divided by the average number of self-pay subscribers for the period.

Adjusted EBITDA - EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, income tax expense and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is a Non-GAAP financial measure that excludes or adjusts for the impact of other expense (income), loss on extinguishment of debt, impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs, other non-cash charges such as share-based payment expense, and legal settlements and reserves (if applicable). We believe adjusted EBITDA is a useful measure of the underlying trend of our operating performance, which provides useful information about our business apart from the costs associated with our capital structure and purchase price accounting. We believe investors find this Non-GAAP financial measure useful when analyzing our past operating performance with our current

46

performance and comparing our operating performance to the performance of other communications, entertainment and media companies. We believe investors use adjusted EBITDA to estimate our current enterprise value and to make investment decisions. As a result of large capital investments in our satellite radio system, our results of operations reflect significant charges for depreciation expense. We believe the exclusion of share-based payment expense is useful as it is not directly related to the operational conditions of our business. We also believe the exclusion of impairment, restructuring and acquisition related costs, to the extent they occur during the period, is useful as they are significant expenses not incurred as part of our normal operations for the period.

Adjusted EBITDA has certain limitations in that it does not take into account the impact to our consolidated statements of comprehensive income of certain expenses, including share-based payment expense. We endeavor to compensate for the limitations of the Non-GAAP measure presented by also providing the comparable GAAP measure with equal or greater prominence and descriptions of the reconciling items, including quantifying such items, to derive the Non-GAAP measure.  Investors that wish to compare and evaluate our operating results after giving effect for these costs should refer to net income as disclosed in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Since adjusted EBITDA is a Non-GAAP financial performance measure, our calculation of adjusted EBITDA may be susceptible to varying calculations; may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies; and should not be considered in isolation, as a substitute for, or superior to measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. The reconciliation of net income to the adjusted EBITDA is calculated as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income:	$	363	$	247	$	906	$	848
Add back items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA:
Legal settlements and reserves	—		—		24		—
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	5		69		56		70
Share-based payment expense (1)	48		50		135		143
Depreciation and amortization	130		134		405		404
Interest expense	106		107		319		314
Other expense	3		3		—		5
Income tax expense	92		110		230		307
Adjusted EBITDA	$	747	$	720	$	2,075	$	2,091

(1)Allocation of share-based payment expense:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Programming and content	$	10	$	9	$	25	$	26
Customer service and billing	1		1		4		4
Transmission	2		1		4		4
Sales and marketing	13		13		33		39
Engineering, design and development	11		11		33		27
General and administrative	11		15		36		43
Total share-based payment expense	$	48	$	50	$	135	$	143

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Free cash flow - is derived from cash flow provided by operating activities plus insurance recoveries on our satellites, net of additions to property and equipment and purchases of other investments. Free cash flow is a metric that our management and board of directors use to evaluate the cash generated by our operations, net of capital expenditures and other investment activity. In a capital intensive business, with significant investments in satellites, we look at our operating cash flow, net of these investing cash outflows, to determine cash available for future subscriber acquisition and capital expenditures, to repurchase or retire debt, to acquire other companies and to evaluate our ability to return capital to stockholders. We exclude from free cash flow certain items that do not relate to the on-going performance of our business, such as cash flows related to acquisitions, strategic and short-term investments, and net loan activity with related parties and other equity investees. We believe free cash flow is an indicator of the long-term financial stability of our business.  Free cash flow, which is reconciled to “Net cash provided by operating activities,” is a Non-GAAP financial measure.  This measure can be calculated by deducting amounts under the captions “Additions to property and equipment” and deducting or adding Restricted and other investment activity from “Net cash provided by operating activities” from the unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows. Free cash flow should be used in conjunction with other GAAP financial performance measures and may not be comparable to free cash flow measures presented by other companies.  Free cash flow should be viewed as a supplemental measure rather than an alternative measure of cash flows from operating activities, as determined in accordance with GAAP.  Free cash flow is limited and does not represent remaining cash flows available for discretionary expenditures due to the fact that the measure does not deduct the payments required for debt maturities. We believe free cash flow provides useful supplemental information to investors regarding our current cash flow, along with other GAAP measures (such as cash flows from operating and investing activities), to determine our financial condition, and to compare our operating performance to other communications, entertainment and media companies. Free cash flow is calculated as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cash Flow information
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	478	$	412	$	1,279	$	1,300
Net cash used in investing activities	(189)		(82)		(554)		(415)
Net cash used in financing activities	(287)		(416)		(729)		(1,036)
Free Cash Flow
Net cash provided by operating activities	478		412		1,279		1,300
Additions to property and equipment	(187)		(83)		(520)		(279)
Purchases of other investments	—		—		(1)		1
Free cash flow	$	291	$	329	$	758	$	1,022

ARPU - Sirius XM ARPU is derived from total earned subscriber revenue (excluding revenue associated with our connected vehicle services) and advertising revenue, divided by the number of months in the period, divided by the daily weighted average number of subscribers for the period.

Subscriber acquisition cost, per installation - or SAC, per installation, is derived from subscriber acquisition costs less margins from the sale of radios and accessories (excluding connected vehicle services), divided by the number of satellite radio installations in new vehicles and shipments of aftermarket radios for the period. SAC, per installation, is calculated as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Subscriber acquisition costs, excluding connected vehicle services	$	87	$	86	$	270	$	267
Less: margin from sales of radios and accessories, excluding connected vehicle services	(46)		(46)		(132)		(139)
	$	41	$	40	$	138	$	128
Installations (in thousands)	3,313		3,162		10,214		9,260
SAC, per installation (a)	$	12.46	$	12.73	$	13.53	$	13.87

(a)Amounts may not recalculate due to rounding.

48

Ad supported listener hours - is based on the total bytes served over our Pandora advertising supported platforms for each track that is requested and served from our Pandora servers, as measured by our internal analytics systems, whether or not a listener listens to the entire track. For non-music content such as podcasts, episodes are divided into approximately track-length parts, which are treated as tracks. To the extent that third-party measurements of advertising hours are not calculated using a similar server-based approach, the third-party measurements may differ from our measurements.

RPM - is calculated by dividing advertising revenue, excluding AdsWizz and other off-platform revenue, by the number of thousands of listener hours on our Pandora advertising-based service.

ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISKS

As of September 30, 2023, we did not hold or issue any free-standing derivatives.  We hold investments in money market funds and certificates of deposit.  These securities are consistent with the objectives contained within our investment policy.  The basic objectives of our investment policy are the preservation of capital, maintaining sufficient liquidity to meet operating requirements and maximizing yield.

Our debt includes fixed rate instruments and the fair market value of our debt is sensitive to changes in interest rates. Sirius XM’s borrowings under the Credit Facility carry a variable interest rate. Sirius XM’s borrowings under the Credit Facility carry a variable interest rate. From and after July 1, 2023, Sirius XM borrowings are based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus an applicable rate based on its debt to operating cash flow ratio. We may, in the future, hedge against interest rate fluctuations by using hedging instruments such as swaps, caps, options, forwards, futures or other similar products. These instruments may be used to selectively manage risks, but there can be no assurance that we will be fully protected against material interest rate fluctuations.

ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Controls and Procedures

We maintain a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act of 1934, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

As of September 30, 2023, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on that evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

For a discussion of our “Legal Proceedings,” refer to Note 15 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

49

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in response to Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 2, 2023.

ITEM 2.     UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, USE OF PROCEEDS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

As of September 30, 2023, our board of directors had approved for repurchase an aggregate of $18.0 billion of our common stock.  Our board of directors did not establish an end date for this stock repurchase program.  Shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market, pursuant to pre-set trading plans meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, in privately negotiated transactions, including transactions with Liberty Media and its affiliates, or otherwise.  As of September 30, 2023, our cumulative repurchases since December 2012 under our stock repurchase program totaled 3.7 billion shares for $16.8 billion, and $1.2 billion remained available under our existing $18.0 billion stock repurchase program. The size and timing of these purchases will be based on a number of factors, including price and business and market conditions.

The following table provides information about our purchases of equity securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act, as amended, during the quarter ended September 30, 2023:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share (a)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (a)
July 1, 2023 - July 31, 2023	2,422,502	$	4.65	2,422,502	$	1,227,407,408
August 1, 2023 - August 31, 2023	6,127,426	$	4.44	6,127,426	$	1,200,202,114
September 1, 2023 - September 30, 2023	8,110,782	$	4.16	8,110,782	$	1,166,487,722
Total	16,660,710	$	4.33	16,660,710

(a)These amounts include fees and commissions associated with the shares repurchased.

ITEM 3.     DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.     OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable

ITEM 6.     EXHIBITS

See Exhibit Index attached hereto, which is incorporated herein by reference.

50

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit	Description
31.1	Certificate of Jennifer C. Witz, Chief Executive Officer and Director, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.2	Certificate of Thomas D. Barry, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.1	Certificate of Jennifer C. Witz, Chief Executive Officer and Director, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
32.2	Certificate of Thomas D. Barry, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
101.1	The following financial information from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (Inline XBRL): (i) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022; (ii) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2022; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited); (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022; and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
104	The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL.

 ____________________

* This document has been identified as a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them other than for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document as of the date they were made and may not describe the actual state of affairs for any other purpose or at any other time.

51

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on this 31st day of October 2023.

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC.
By:	/s/  Thomas D. Barry
	Thomas D. Barry
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Officer)

52

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Jennifer C. Witz, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023 of Sirius XM Holdings Inc.;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)    all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)    any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

By:	/s/ JENNIFER C. WITZ
	Jennifer C. Witz Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

October 31, 2023

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Thomas D. Barry, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023 of Sirius XM Holdings Inc.;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)    all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)    any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

By:	/s/ THOMAS D. BARRY
	Thomas D. Barry Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

October 31, 2023

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY

ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Sirius XM Holdings Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Jennifer C. Witz, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)    The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ JENNIFER C. WITZ
	Jennifer C. Witz Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

October 31, 2023

    A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY

ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Sirius XM Holdings Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Thomas D. Barry, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)    The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ THOMAS D. BARRY
	Thomas D. Barry Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

October 31, 2023

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 27, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-34295
Entity Registrant Name	SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	38-3916511
Entity Address, Address Line One	1221 Avenue of the Americas
Entity Address, Address Line Two	35th Floor
Entity Address, City or Town	New York
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10020
City Area Code	212
Local Phone Number	584-5100
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, $0.001 par value
Trading Symbol	SIRI
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		3,838,939,821
Entity Central Index Key	0000908937
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 2,271	$ 2,280	$ 6,665	$ 6,720
Cost of services:
Subscriber acquisition costs	87	86	270	267
Sales and marketing	237	281	680	838
Engineering, design and development	72	70	234	208
General and administrative	119	132	421	382
Depreciation and amortization	130	134	405	404
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	5	69	56	70
Total operating expenses	1,707	1,813	5,210	5,246
Income from operations	564	467	1,455	1,474
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense	(106)	(107)	(319)	(314)
Other expense	(3)	(3)	0	(5)
Total other expense	(109)	(110)	(319)	(319)
Income before income taxes	455	357	1,136	1,155
Income tax expense	(92)	(110)	(230)	(307)
Net income	363	247	906	848
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(6)	(21)	1	(23)
Total comprehensive income	$ 357	$ 226	$ 907	$ 825
Net income per common share:
Basic (in USD per share)	$ 0.09	$ 0.06	$ 0.23	$ 0.22
Diluted (in USD per share)	$ 0.09	$ 0.06	$ 0.23	$ 0.21
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	3,845	3,900	3,865	3,925
Diluted (in shares)	3,865	3,968	3,884	4,001
Subscriber revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 1,729	$ 1,734	$ 5,146	$ 5,166
Advertising revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue	460	457	1,278	1,292
Equipment revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue	49	50	142	148
Cost of services:
Cost of services	3	4	10	9
Other revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue	33	39	99	114
Revenue share and royalties
Cost of services:
Cost of services	731	709	2,162	2,090
Programming and content
Cost of services:
Cost of services	153	155	456	448
Customer service and billing
Cost of services:
Cost of services	116	122	363	373
Transmission
Cost of services:
Cost of services	$ 54	$ 51	$ 153	$ 157

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 53	$ 57
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	298	284
Total current assets	1,041	1,038
Property and equipment, net	1,715	1,499
Intangible assets, net	2,941	3,050
Goodwill	3,249	3,249
Related party long-term assets	493	488
Deferred tax assets	147	147
Operating lease right-of-use assets	283	315
Other long-term assets	260	236
Total assets	10,129	10,022
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,267	1,248
Accrued interest	73	165
Current portion of deferred revenue	1,248	1,322
Current maturities of debt	525	196
Operating lease current liabilities	45	50
Total current liabilities	3,158	2,981
Long-term deferred revenue	73	81
Long-term debt	8,823	9,256
Deferred tax liabilities	479	565
Operating lease liabilities	292	320
Other long-term liabilities	197	170
Total liabilities	13,022	13,373
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 9,000 shares authorized; 3,840 and 3,891 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	4	4
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(3)	(4)
Accumulated deficit	(2,894)	(3,351)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	(2,893)	(3,351)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)	10,129	10,022
Nonrelated Party
Current assets:
Receivables, net	659	655
Related Party
Current assets:
Receivables, net	$ 31	$ 42

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock authorized (in shares)	9,000,000,000	9,000,000,000
Common stock issued (in shares)	3,840,000,000	3,891,000,000
Common stock outstanding (in shares)	3,840,000,000	3,891,000,000

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	Total	Cumulative Effect, Adjustment	Common Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	Additional Paid-in Capital	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Deficit Cumulative Effect, Adjustment
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			3,968
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ (2,625)	$ (14)	$ 4	$ 15	$ 0	$ (8)	$ (2,636)	$ (14)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021						1
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	825			(23)			848
Share-based payment expense	157				157
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			23
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	4				4
Withholding taxes on net share settlement of stock-based compensation	(102)				(102)
Capital contribution from Liberty Media related to Tax Sharing Agreement	(22)						(22)
Cash dividends paid on common stock	(1,245)				(59)		(1,186)
Common stock repurchased (in shares)						95
Common stock repurchased	(594)					$ (594)
Common stock retired (in shares)			(95)			(95)
Common stock retired	0					$ 599	(599)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022			3,896
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	(3,616)		$ 4	(8)	0	$ (3)	(3,609)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022						1
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022			3,909
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2022	(3,579)		$ 4	13	0	$ (10)	(3,586)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022						1
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	226			(21)			247
Share-based payment expense	55				55
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			16
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	4				4
Withholding taxes on net share settlement of stock-based compensation	(63)				(63)
Capital contribution from Liberty Media related to Tax Sharing Agreement	3						3
Cash dividends paid on common stock	(86)				4		(90)
Common stock repurchased (in shares)						29
Common stock repurchased	(176)					$ (176)
Common stock retired (in shares)			(29)			(29)
Common stock retired	0					$ 183	(183)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022			3,896
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ (3,616)		$ 4	(8)	0	$ (3)	(3,609)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022						1
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	3,891		3,891
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ (3,351)		$ 4	(4)	0	$ 0	(3,351)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022						0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	907			1			906
Share-based payment expense	147				147
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			18
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	4				4
Withholding taxes on net share settlement of stock-based compensation	(50)				(50)
Capital contribution from Liberty Media related to Tax Sharing Agreement	5						5
Cash dividends paid on common stock	(281)				(101)		(180)
Common stock repurchased (in shares)						69
Common stock repurchased	(274)					$ (274)
Common stock retired (in shares)			(69)			(69)
Common stock retired	$ 0					$ 274	(274)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	3,840		3,840
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ (2,893)		$ 4	(3)	0	$ 0	(2,894)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023						0
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023			3,845
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2023	(3,111)		$ 4	3	0	$ (3)	(3,115)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023						1
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	357			(6)			363
Share-based payment expense	53				53
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			12
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	4				4
Withholding taxes on net share settlement of stock-based compensation	(32)				(32)
Capital contribution from Liberty Media related to Tax Sharing Agreement	1						1
Cash dividends paid on common stock	(93)				(25)		(68)
Common stock repurchased (in shares)						16
Common stock repurchased	(72)					$ (72)
Common stock retired (in shares)			(17)			(17)
Common stock retired	$ 0					$ 75	(75)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	3,840		3,840
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ (2,893)		$ 4	$ (3)	$ 0	$ 0	$ (2,894)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023						0

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividend per share (in USD per share)	$ 0.0242	$ 0.0219615	$ 0.0726	$ 0.315885

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Millions		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income		$ 906	$ 848
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		405	404
Non-cash impairment and restructuring costs		22	68
Non-cash interest expense, net of amortization of premium		11	12
Provision for doubtful accounts		45	43
Loss on unconsolidated entity investments, net		7	0
(Gain) loss on other investments		(4)	11
Share-based payment expense		135	143
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense		(85)	132
Amortization of right-of-use assets		35	37
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables		(50)	22
Related party, net		17	(30)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(14)	(57)
Other long-term assets		0	(3)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		40	(72)
Accrued interest		(92)	(101)
Deferred revenue		(82)	(87)
Operating lease liabilities		(43)	(48)
Other long-term liabilities		26	(22)
Net cash provided by operating activities		1,279	1,300
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to property and equipment		(520)	(279)
(Purchase) sale of other investments		(1)
(Purchase) sale of other investments			1
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired		0	(136)
Investments in related parties and other equity investees		(33)	(1)
Net cash used in investing activities		(554)	(415)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		4	4
Taxes paid from net share settlements for stock-based compensation		(50)	(102)
Revolving credit facility, net		55	421
Proceeds from long-term borrowings, net of costs		0	499
Principal payments of long-term borrowings		(180)	(3)
Payment of contingent consideration for business acquisition		(3)	(3)
Distribution to parent related to Tax Sharing Agreement		0	(8)
Common stock repurchased and retired		(274)	(599)
Dividends paid		(281)	(1,245)
Net cash used in financing activities		(729)	(1,036)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(4)	(151)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	[1]	65	199
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	[1]	61	48
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest, net of amounts capitalized		399	400
Income taxes paid		251	215
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Capital lease obligations incurred to acquire assets		7	7
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		1	(23)
Capital contribution from (to) Liberty Media pursuant to Tax Sharing Agreement		$ 5	$ (14)

[1] The following table reconciles cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash per the statement of cash flows to the balance sheet. The restricted cash balances are primarily due to letters of credit which have been issued to the landlords of leased office space. The terms of the letters of credit primarily extend beyond one year. (in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2022December 31, 2021Cash and cash equivalents$53 $57 $39 $191 Restricted cash included in Other long-term assets8 8 9 8 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$61 $65 $48 $199 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions		Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 53	$ 57	$ 39	$ 191
Restricted cash included in Other long-term assets		8	8	9	8
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	[1]	$ 61	$ 65	$ 48	$ 199

[1] The following table reconciles cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash per the statement of cash flows to the balance sheet. The restricted cash balances are primarily due to letters of credit which have been issued to the landlords of leased office space. The terms of the letters of credit primarily extend beyond one year. (in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2022December 31, 2021Cash and cash equivalents$53 $57 $39 $191 Restricted cash included in Other long-term assets8 8 9 8 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$61 $65 $48 $199 

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Business & Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business & Basis of Presentation

Business & Basis of Presentation

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q presents information for Sirius XM Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively “Holdings”).  The terms “Holdings,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “our company” as used herein, and unless otherwise stated or indicated by context, refer to Sirius XM Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries. “Sirius XM” refers to our wholly owned subsidiary Sirius XM Radio Inc. and its subsidiaries. “Pandora” refers to Sirius XM's wholly owned subsidiary Pandora Media, LLC and its subsidiaries. Holdings has no operations independent of Sirius XM and Pandora.

Business

We operate two complementary audio entertainment businesses - one of which we refer to as “SiriusXM” and the second of which we refer to as “Pandora and Off-platform”. 

SiriusXM

Our SiriusXM business features music, sports, entertainment, comedy, talk, news, traffic and weather channels and other content, as well as podcasts and infotainment services, in the United States on a subscription fee basis. SiriusXM packages include live, curated and certain exclusive and on demand programming. The SiriusXM service is distributed through our two proprietary satellite radio systems and streamed via applications for mobile devices, home devices and other consumer electronic equipment. Satellite radios are primarily distributed through automakers, retailers and our website. Our Sirius XM service is also available through our in-car user interface, which we call “360L,” that combines our satellite and streaming services into a single, cohesive in-vehicle entertainment experience.

The primary source of revenue from our SiriusXM business is subscription fees, with most of our customers subscribing to monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual plans.  We also derive revenue from advertising on select non-music channels, which is sold under the SXM Media brand, direct sales of our satellite radios and accessories, and other ancillary services.  As of September 30, 2023, our SiriusXM business had approximately 34.0 million subscribers.

In addition to our audio entertainment businesses, we provide connected vehicle services to several automakers. These services are designed to enhance the safety, security and driving experience of consumers. We also offer a suite of data services that includes graphical weather and fuel prices, a traffic information service, and real-time weather services in boats and airplanes.

SiriusXM also holds a 70% equity interest and 33% voting interest in Sirius XM Canada Holdings Inc. (“Sirius XM Canada”). Sirius XM Canada's subscribers are not included in our subscriber count or subscriber-based operating metrics.

Pandora and Off-platform

Our Pandora and Off-platform business operates a music and podcast streaming discovery platform, offering a personalized experience for each listener wherever and whenever they want to listen, whether through computers, tablets, mobile devices, vehicle speakers or connected devices.  Pandora enables listeners to create personalized stations and playlists, discover new content, hear artist- and expert-curated playlists, podcasts and select SiriusXM content as well as search and play songs and albums on-demand.  Pandora is available as (1) an ad-supported radio service, (2) a radio subscription service (Pandora Plus) and (3) an on-demand subscription service (Pandora Premium).  As of September 30, 2023, Pandora had approximately 6.1 million subscribers.

The majority of revenue from Pandora is generated from advertising on our Pandora ad-supported radio service which is sold under the SXM Media brand. We also derive subscription revenue from our Pandora Plus and Pandora Premium subscribers.

We also sell advertising on other audio platforms and in widely distributed podcasts, which we consider to be off-platform services. We have an arrangement with SoundCloud Holdings, LLC (“SoundCloud”) to be its exclusive ad sales representative in the US and certain European countries and offer advertisers the ability to execute campaigns across the Pandora and SoundCloud platforms. We also have arrangements to serve as the ad sales representative for certain podcasts. In

addition, through AdsWizz Inc., we provide a comprehensive digital audio and programmatic advertising technology platform, which connects audio publishers and advertisers with a variety of ad insertion, campaign trafficking, yield optimization, programmatic buying, marketplace and podcast monetization solutions.

Liberty Media

As of September 30, 2023, Liberty Media Corporation (“Liberty Media”) beneficially owned, directly and indirectly, 83.5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock.  As a result, we are a “controlled company” for the purposes of the NASDAQ corporate governance requirements. Refer to Note 11 for more information regarding related parties.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Holdings have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain numbers in our prior period consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been reclassified or consolidated to conform to our current period presentation.

In the opinion of our management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of our unaudited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2023 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 have been made.

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read together with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was filed with the SEC on February 2, 2023.

Public companies are required to disclose certain information about their reportable operating segments.  Operating segments are defined as significant components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and is evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance of the segment. We have determined that we have two reportable segments as our chief operating decision maker, our Chief Executive Officer, assesses performance and allocates resources based on the financial results of these segments. Refer to Note 17 for information related to our segments.

We have evaluated events subsequent to the balance sheet date and prior to the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and have determined that no events have occurred that would require adjustment to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.  For a discussion of subsequent events that do not require adjustment to our unaudited consolidated financial statements refer to Note 18.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and footnotes.  Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information.  Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.  Significant estimates inherent in the preparation of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include asset impairment, depreciable lives of our satellites, share-based payment expense and income taxes.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Fair Value Measurements

For assets and liabilities required to be reported at fair value, GAAP provides a hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted market prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable approximated fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

Our liabilities measured at fair value were as follows:

	September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Level 1	Level 2		Level 3	Total Fair Value		Level 1	Level 2		Level 3	Total Fair Value
Liabilities:
Debt (a)	—	$	8,064	—	$	8,064	—	$	8,362	—	$	8,362

(a)The fair value for non-publicly traded debt is based upon estimates from a market maker and brokerage firm.  Refer to Note 12 for information related to the carrying value of our debt as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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Acquisitions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisitions

Acquisitions

On May 20, 2022, we completed an acquisition for total cash consideration of $93. We recognized goodwill of $69, indefinite-lived intangible assets of $1 and other assets of $23. The other assets represent acquired content which will be amortized over its estimated useful life to Programming and content in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

On January 12, 2022, we completed an acquisition for total cash consideration of $44. We recognized goodwill of $29, other definite-lived intangible assets of $19 and liabilities of $4.

There were no acquisition related costs recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Acquisition related costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $1 and $3, respectively.

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Restructuring Costs

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring Costs

Restructuring Costs

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, restructuring costs were $4 and $39, respectively. In 2023, we initiated measures to pursue greater efficiency and to realign our business and focus on strategic priorities. As part of these measures, we reduced the size of our workforce by approximately 475 roles, or 8%. We recorded a charge of $31 primarily related to severance and other related costs. In addition, we vacated one of our leased locations and recorded an impairment of $5 to reduce the carrying value of the related right of use asset to its estimated fair value. Additionally, we accrued expenses of $2 for which we will not recognize any future economic benefits. The restructuring and related impairment charges were recorded to Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we evaluated our office space needs, and, based on this, we vacated certain office spaces and recorded an impairment of $16 to reduce the carrying value of the related right of use assets to their estimated fair values. Additionally, we wrote off fixed assets of $4 in connection with furniture and equipment located at the impaired office spaces. Separately, we performed an analysis surrounding initiatives that we are no longer pursuing and recorded an impairment of $43 associated with terminated software projects and an impairment of $5 related to severance. The total charge of $68 was recorded to Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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Earnings per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Share

Earnings per ShareBasic net income per common share is calculated by dividing the income available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during each reporting period.  Diluted net income per common share adjusts the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the potential dilution that could occur if common stock equivalents (stock options, restricted stock units and convertible debt) were exercised or converted into common stock, calculated using the treasury stock method. We had no participating securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Common stock equivalents of 157 and 93 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 155 and 86 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per common share as the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net Income available to common stockholders for basic net income per common share	$	363	$	247	$	906	$	848
Effect of interest on assumed conversions of convertible notes, net of tax	—		1		1		3
Net Income available to common stockholders for dilutive net income per common share	$	363	$	248	$	907	$	851
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic net income per common share	3,845		3,900		3,865		3,925
Weighted average impact of assumed convertible notes	3		31		3		31
Weighted average impact of dilutive equity instruments	17		37		16		45
Weighted average shares for diluted net income per common share	3,865		3,968		3,884		4,001
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.09	$	0.06	$	0.23	$	0.22
Diluted	$	0.09	$	0.06	$	0.23	$	0.21

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Receivables, net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Receivables, net

Receivables, net

Receivables, net, includes customer accounts receivable, receivables from distributors and other receivables. We do not have any customer receivables that individually represent more than ten percent of our receivables.

Customer accounts receivable, net, includes receivables from our subscribers and advertising customers, including advertising agencies and other customers, and is stated at amounts due, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Our allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon our assessment of various factors.  We consider historical experience, the age of the receivable balances, current economic conditions, industry experience and other factors that may affect the counterparty’s ability to pay.  Bad debt expense is included in Customer service and billing expense in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Receivables from distributors primarily include billed and unbilled amounts due from automakers for services included in the sale or lease price of vehicles, as well as billed amounts due from wholesale distributors of our satellite radios.  Other receivables primarily include amounts due from manufacturers of our radios, modules and chipsets where we are entitled to subsidies and royalties based on the number of units produced.  We have not established an allowance for doubtful accounts for our receivables from distributors or other receivables as we have historically not experienced any significant collection issues with automakers or other third parties and do not expect issues in the foreseeable future.

Receivables, net, consists of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Gross customer accounts receivable	$	593	$	585
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(14)		(11)
Customer accounts receivable, net	$	579	$	574
Receivables from distributors	52		53
Other receivables	28		28
Total receivables, net	$	659	$	655

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Goodwill

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in business combinations. Our annual impairment assessment of our two reporting units is performed as of the fourth quarter of each year, and an assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, states that an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. Our Sirius XM reporting unit, which has an allocated goodwill balance of $2,290, had a negative carrying amount as of September 30, 2023.

As of September 30, 2023, there were no indicators of impairment, and no impairment losses were recorded for goodwill during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. As of September 30, 2023, the cumulative balance of goodwill impairments recorded was $5,722, of which $4,766 was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2008 and is included in the carrying amount of the goodwill allocated to our Sirius XM reporting unit and $956 was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 and is included in the carrying amount of the goodwill allocated to our Pandora and Off-platform reporting unit.

As of each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of goodwill for our Sirius XM and Pandora and Off-platform reporting units was $2,290 and $959, respectively.

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Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

Our intangible assets include the following:

		September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Weighted Average Useful Lives	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net  Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net  Carrying Value
Indefinite life intangible assets:
FCC licenses	Indefinite	$	2,084	$	—	$	2,084	$	2,084	$	—	$	2,084
Trademarks	Indefinite	250		—		250		250		—		250
Definite life intangible assets:
OEM relationships	15 years	220		(145)		75		220		(135)		85
Licensing agreements	12 years	3		(3)		—		45		(45)		—
Software and technology	7 years	29		(22)		7		31		(21)		10
Due to Acquisitions recorded to Pandora and Off-platform Reporting Unit:
Indefinite life intangible assets:
Trademarks	Indefinite	312		—		312		312		—		312
Definite life intangible assets:
Customer relationships	8 years	442		(266)		176		442		(225)		217
Software and technology	5 years	391		(354)		37		391		(299)		92
Total intangible assets		$	3,731	$	(790)	$	2,941	$	3,775	$	(725)	$	3,050

Indefinite Life Intangible Assets

We have identified our FCC licenses and XM and Pandora trademarks as indefinite life intangible assets after considering the expected use of the assets, the regulatory and economic environment within which they are used and the effects of obsolescence on their use.

We hold FCC licenses to operate our satellite digital audio radio service and provide ancillary services. Each of the FCC licenses authorizes us to use radio spectrum, a reusable resource that does not deplete or exhaust over time.

Our annual impairment assessment of our identifiable indefinite lived intangible assets is performed as of the fourth quarter of each year. An assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the asset below its carrying value. If the carrying value of the intangible assets exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. As of September 30, 2023, there were no indicators of impairment, and no impairment loss was recognized for intangible assets with indefinite lives during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Definite Life Intangible Assets

Amortization expense for all definite life intangible assets was $36 and $39 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $109 and $117 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There were retirements of definite lived intangible assets of $44 and we recognized a related impairment loss of $1 during nine months ended September 30, 2023. There were no retirements or impairments of definite lived intangible assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

The expected amortization expense for each of the fiscal years 2023 through 2027 and for periods thereafter is as follows:

Years ending December 31,	Amount
2023 (remaining)	$	36
2024	77
2025	71
2026	71
2027	25
Thereafter	15
Total definite life intangible assets, net	$	295

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Property and Equipment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net, consists of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Satellite system	$	1,598	$	1,841
Terrestrial repeater network	119		118
Leasehold improvements	107		100
Broadcast studio equipment	141		133
Capitalized software and hardware	1,850		1,821
Satellite telemetry, tracking and control facilities	82		76
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other	109		89
Land	32		32
Building	73		70
Construction in progress	738		313
Total property and equipment	4,849		4,593
Accumulated depreciation	(3,134)		(3,094)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,715	$	1,499

Construction in progress consists of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Satellite system	$	449	$	212
Terrestrial repeater network	17		10
Capitalized software and hardware	249		56
Other	23		35
Construction in progress	$	738	$	313

Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment was $94 and $95 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $296 and $287 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we retired property and equipment of $2 and $271, respectively, and recorded related impairment charges of $1 and $14, respectively, primarily related to terminated software projects. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we wrote off furniture and equipment in connection with impaired office space leases and we disposed of assets associated with software development initiatives that we are no longer pursuing. Refer to Note 4 for more information. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we retired property and equipment of $59 and $81, respectively.

We capitalize a portion of the interest on funds borrowed to finance the construction and launch of our satellites. Capitalized interest is recorded as part of the asset’s cost and depreciated over the satellite’s useful life. Capitalized interest costs were $4 and $1 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $10 and $3 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which related to the construction of our SXM-9, SXM-10, SXM-11 and SXM-12 satellites. We also capitalize a portion of share-based compensation related to employee time for capitalized software projects. Capitalized share-based compensation costs were $5 and $4 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $13 for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Satellites

As of September 30, 2023, we operated a fleet of five satellites.  Each satellite requires an FCC license, and prior to the expiration of each license, we are required to apply for a renewal of the FCC satellite license.  The renewal and extension of our licenses is reasonably certain at minimal cost, which is expensed as incurred. The chart below provides certain information on our satellites as of September 30, 2023:

Satellite Description	Year Delivered	Estimated End of Depreciable Life	FCC License Expiration Year
SIRIUS FM-5	2009	2024	2025
SIRIUS FM-6	2013	2028	2030
XM-3	2005	2020	2026
XM-5	2010	2025	2026
SXM-8	2021	2036	2029

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we removed our XM-4 satellite from service and we are in the process of de-orbiting the satellite, which we expect to be completed by the end of 2023. Our XM-3 satellite remains available as an in-orbit spare.

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

We have operating and finance leases for offices, terrestrial repeaters, data centers and certain equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 20 years, some of which may include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. We elected the practical expedient to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single component. Additionally, we elected the practical expedient to not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for short-term leases, which are those leases with a term of twelve months or less at the lease commencement date.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	15	$	16	$	46	$	46
Finance lease cost	2		—		3		—
Sublease income	(1)		(1)		(2)		(2)
Total lease cost	$	16	$	15	$	47	$	44

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we ceased using one of our leased locations and recorded an impairment charge of $5 to write down the carrying value of the right-of-use asset to its estimated fair value. Refer to Note 4 for additional information.

Leases

Leases

We have operating and finance leases for offices, terrestrial repeaters, data centers and certain equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 20 years, some of which may include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. We elected the practical expedient to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single component. Additionally, we elected the practical expedient to not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for short-term leases, which are those leases with a term of twelve months or less at the lease commencement date.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	15	$	16	$	46	$	46
Finance lease cost	2		—		3		—
Sublease income	(1)		(1)		(2)		(2)
Total lease cost	$	16	$	15	$	47	$	44

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we ceased using one of our leased locations and recorded an impairment charge of $5 to write down the carrying value of the right-of-use asset to its estimated fair value. Refer to Note 4 for additional information.

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Related Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions In the normal course of business, we enter into transactions with related parties such as Sirius XM Canada and SoundCloud.

Liberty Media

As of September 30, 2023, Liberty Media beneficially owned, directly and indirectly, 83.5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Liberty Media has three of its executives and one of its directors on our board of directors.  Gregory B. Maffei, the President and Chief Executive Officer of Liberty Media, is the Chairman of our board of directors.

On February 1, 2021, Holdings entered into a tax sharing agreement with Liberty Media governing the allocation of consolidated U.S. income tax liabilities and setting forth agreements with respect to other tax matters. The tax sharing agreement was negotiated and approved by a special committee of Holdings’ board of directors, all of whom are independent of Liberty Media. Refer to Note 16 for more information regarding the tax sharing agreement.

On September 22, 2023, the special committee of independent directors of the board of Holdings (the “Special Committee”) received a non-binding proposal from Liberty Media regarding a potential transaction involving Holdings. The potential transaction would consist of the separation of the assets and liabilities attributed to the Liberty SiriusXM tracking stock group from Liberty Media through the split-off of a newly formed company (“Newco”) and the subsequent combination of Newco and Holdings. As a result of the potential transaction, the holders of Liberty SiriusXM tracking stock and Holdings common stock would all hold one class of common stock of the combined company (the “Proposal”). The Special Committee is evaluating the Proposal. There can be no assurance that the Proposal, or any other transaction, will be completed or of the terms and conditions of any such transaction.

Sirius XM Canada

Sirius XM holds a 70% equity interest and 33% voting interest in Sirius XM Canada, a privately held corporation. We own 591 shares of preferred stock of Sirius XM Canada, which has a liquidation preference of one Canadian dollar per share.

Sirius XM Canada is accounted for as an equity method investment, and its results are not consolidated in our unaudited consolidated financial statements. Sirius XM Canada does not meet the requirements for consolidation as we do not have the ability to direct the most significant activities that impact Sirius XM Canada's economic performance.

On March 15, 2022, Sirius XM and Sirius XM Canada entered into an amended and restated services and distribution agreement. Pursuant to the amended and restated services and distribution agreement, the fee payable by Sirius XM Canada to Sirius XM was modified from a fixed percentage of revenue to a variable fee, based on a target operating profit for Sirius XM Canada. Such variable fee is expected to be evaluated annually based on comparable companies. In accordance with the amended and restated services and distribution agreement, the fee is payable on a monthly basis, in arrears, beginning January 1, 2022.

Our related party long-term assets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 included the carrying value of our investment balance in Sirius XM Canada of $419 and $412, respectively, and, as of each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, also included $8, for the long-term value of the outstanding loan to Sirius XM Canada.

Sirius XM Canada paid gross dividends to us of less than $1 during the three months ended September 30, 2023, and $1 and less than $1 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. No dividends were paid during the three months ended September 30, 2022. Dividends are first recorded as a reduction to our investment balance in Sirius XM Canada to the extent a balance exists and then as Other (expense) income for any remaining portion.

We recorded revenue from Sirius XM Canada as Other revenue in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income of $27 and $29 during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $78 and $84 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

SoundCloud

We have an investment in SoundCloud which is accounted for as an equity method investment and recorded in Related party long-term assets in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets. Sirius XM has appointed two individuals to serve on SoundCloud's ten-member board of managers. Sirius XM's share of SoundCloud's net income (loss) was less than $1 and $(1) for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $(2) and $(4) for the nine months ended

September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which was recorded in Other (expense) income in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

In addition to our investment in SoundCloud, Pandora has an agreement with SoundCloud to be its exclusive ad sales representative in the US and certain European countries. Through this arrangement, Pandora offers advertisers the ability to execute campaigns across the Pandora and SoundCloud platforms. We recorded revenue share expense related to this agreement of $14 and $13 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $39 and $40 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We also had related party liabilities of $19 as of each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 related to this agreement.

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

Our debt as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following:

					Principal Amount at		Carrying value(a) at
Issuer / Borrower	Issued	Debt	Maturity Date	Interest Payable	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Pandora (c) (d)	June 2018	1.75% Convertible Senior Notes	December 1, 2023	semi-annually on June 1 and December 1	$	20	$	20	$	193
Sirius XM (b) (f)	April 2022	Incremental Term Loan	April 11, 2024	variable fee paid monthly	500		500		500
Sirius XM (b)	August 2021	3.125% Senior Notes	September 1, 2026	semi-annually on March 1 and September 1	1,000		993		992
Sirius XM (b)	July 2017	5.00% Senior Notes	August 1, 2027	semi-annually on February 1 and August 1	1,500		1,494		1,492
Sirius XM (b)	June 2021	4.00% Senior Notes	July 15, 2028	semi-annually on January 15 and July 15	2,000		1,984		1,982
Sirius XM (b)	June 2019	5.500% Senior Notes	July 1, 2029	semi-annually on January 1 and July 1	1,250		1,241		1,240
Sirius XM (b)	June 2020	4.125% Senior Notes	July 1, 2030	semi-annually on January 1 and July 1	1,500		1,488		1,487
Sirius XM (b)	August 2021	3.875% Senior Notes	September 1, 2031	semi-annually on March 1 and September 1	1,500		1,486		1,485
Sirius XM (e)	December 2012	Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (the "Credit Facility")	August 31, 2026	variable fee paid quarterly	135		135		80
Sirius XM	Various	Finance leases	Various	n/a	n/a		17		12
Total Debt							9,358		9,463
Less: total current maturities							525		196
Less: total deferred financing costs							10		11
Total long-term debt							$	8,823	$	9,256

(a)The carrying value of the obligations is net of any remaining unamortized original issue discount.

(b)All material domestic subsidiaries, including Pandora and its subsidiaries, that guarantee the Credit Facility have guaranteed the Incremental Term Loan and these notes.

(c)Holdings has unconditionally guaranteed all of the payment obligations of Pandora under these notes.

(d)We acquired $193 in principal amount of the 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 as part of the acquisition of Pandora Media, Inc. in 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, certain investors exercised their right to require a Special Repurchase, as defined in the indenture governing such notes, and Pandora repurchased $173 in outstanding principal amount of the 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 with cash for an aggregate purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase. On or after July 1, 2023 and prior to the close of business on November 29, 2023, the 1.75% Convertible

Senior Notes due 2023 are convertible into Holdings’ common stock at the holders’ option at the applicable conversion rate in effect on the relevant conversion date.

(e)In August 2021, Sirius XM entered into an amendment to extend the maturity of the $1,750 Credit Facility to August 31, 2026. Sirius XM's obligations under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by certain of its material domestic subsidiaries, including Pandora and its subsidiaries, and are secured by a lien on substantially all of Sirius XM's assets and the assets of its material domestic subsidiaries.  From and after July 1, 2023, Sirius XM borrowings are based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus an applicable rate based on its debt to operating cash flow ratio. Sirius XM is also required to pay a variable fee on the average daily unused portion of the Credit Facility which is payable on a quarterly basis.  The variable rate for the unused portion of the Credit Facility was 0.25% per annum as of September 30, 2023.  All of Sirius XM's outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility are classified as Long-term debt within our unaudited consolidated balance sheets due to the long-term maturity of this debt.

(f)In April 2022, Sirius XM entered into an amendment to the Credit Facility to incorporate an Incremental Term Loan borrowing of $500 which matures on April 11, 2024. Interest on the Incremental Term Loan borrowing is based on SOFR plus an applicable rate.

Covenants and Restrictions

Under the Credit Facility, Sirius XM, our wholly owned subsidiary, must comply with a debt maintenance covenant that it cannot exceed a total leverage ratio, calculated as consolidated total debt to consolidated operating cash flow, of 5.0 to 1.0.  The Credit Facility generally requires compliance with certain covenants that restrict Sirius XM's ability to, among other things, (i) incur additional indebtedness, (ii) incur liens, (iii) pay dividends or make certain other restricted payments, investments or acquisitions, (iv) enter into certain transactions with affiliates, (v) merge or consolidate with another person, (vi) sell, assign, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of Sirius XM's assets, and (vii) make voluntary prepayments of certain debt, in each case subject to exceptions.

The indentures governing Sirius XM's notes restrict Sirius XM's non-guarantor subsidiaries' ability to create, assume, incur or guarantee additional indebtedness without such non-guarantor subsidiary guaranteeing each such series of notes on a pari passu basis.  The indentures governing the notes also contain covenants that, among other things, limit Sirius XM's ability and the ability of its subsidiaries to create certain liens; enter into sale/leaseback transactions; and merge or consolidate.

Under Sirius XM's debt agreements, the following generally constitute an event of default: (i) a default in the payment of interest; (ii) a default in the payment of principal; (iii) failure to comply with covenants; (iv) failure to pay other indebtedness after final maturity or acceleration of other indebtedness exceeding a specified amount; (v) certain events of bankruptcy; (vi) a judgment for payment of money exceeding a specified aggregate amount; and (vii) voidance of subsidiary guarantees, subject to grace periods where applicable.  If an event of default occurs and is continuing, our debt could become immediately due and payable.

The indenture governing the Pandora 2023 Notes (as defined below) contains covenants that limit Pandora’s ability to merge or consolidate and provides for customary events of default, which include nonpayment of principal or interest, breach of covenants, payment defaults or acceleration of other indebtedness and certain events of bankruptcy.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with our debt covenants.

Pandora Convertible Notes

Pandora's 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the “Pandora 2023 Notes”) are unsecured, senior obligations of Pandora. Holdings has guaranteed the payment and performance obligations of Pandora under the Pandora 2023 Notes and the indenture governing the Pandora 2023 Notes.

The Pandora 2023 Notes will mature on December 1, 2023, unless earlier repurchased or redeemed by Pandora or converted in accordance with their terms. As of September 30, 2023, the conversion rate applicable to the Pandora 2023 Notes was 165.4277 shares of Holdings' common stock per one thousand principal amount of the Pandora 2023 Notes.

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Stockholders' Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

We are authorized to issue up to 9,000 shares of common stock. There were 3,840 and 3,891 shares of common stock issued and outstanding on September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023, there were 220 shares of common stock reserved for issuance in connection with outstanding stock-based awards to members of our board of directors, employees and third parties.

Quarterly Dividends

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our board of directors declared and paid the following dividend:

Declaration Date	Dividend Per Share		Record Date	Total Amount		Payment Date
January 25, 2023	$	0.0242	February 9, 2023	$	94	February 24, 2023
April 19, 2023	$	0.0242	May 5, 2023	$	94	May 24, 2023
July 26, 2023	$	0.0242	August 8, 2023	$	93	August 30, 2023

Stock Repurchase Program

As of September 30, 2023, our board of directors had approved for repurchase an aggregate of $18,000 of our common stock.  Our board of directors did not establish an end date for this stock repurchase program.  Shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market, pursuant to pre-set trading plans meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, in privately negotiated transactions, including transactions with Liberty Media and its affiliates, or otherwise.  As of September 30, 2023, our cumulative repurchases since December 2012 under our stock repurchase program totaled 3,731 shares for $16,834, and $1,166 remained available for future share repurchases under our stock repurchase program.

The following table summarizes our total share repurchase activity for the nine months ended:

	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2022
Share Repurchase Type	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Open Market Repurchases	69	$	274	95	$	594

Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share

We are authorized to issue up to 50 shares of undesignated preferred stock with a liquidation preference of $0.001 per share.  There were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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Benefit Plans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Benefit Plans

Benefit Plans 

We recognized share-based payment expense of $48 and $50 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $135 and $143 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

2015 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan

In May 2015, our stockholders approved the Sirius XM Holdings Inc. 2015 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”).  Employees, consultants and members of our board of directors are eligible to receive awards under the 2015 Plan.  The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards that the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors deems appropriate.  Stock-based awards granted under the 2015 Plan are generally subject to a graded vesting requirement, which is generally three to four years from the grant date.  Stock options generally expire ten years from the date of grant.  Restricted stock units include performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”), the vesting of which are subject to the achievement of performance goals and the employee's continued employment and generally cliff vest on the third anniversary of the grant date. Each restricted stock unit entitles the holder to

receive one share of common stock upon vesting.  As of September 30, 2023, 100 shares of common stock were available for future grants under the 2015 Plan.

The Compensation Committee intends to award equity-based compensation to our senior management in the form of: stock options, restricted stock units, PRSUs, which will cliff vest after a performance period target established by the Compensation Committee is achieved, and PRSUs, which will cliff vest after a performance period based on the performance of our common stock relative to the companies included in the S&P 500 Index, which we refer to as a relative “TSR” or “total stockholder return” metric. TSRs based on the relative total stockholder return metric will only vest if our performance achieves at least the 25th percentile, with a target payout requiring performance at the 50th percentile. The settlement of PRSUs earned in respect of the applicable performance period will be generally subject to the executive’s continued employment with us through the date the total stockholder return performance is certified by the Compensation Committee.

Other Plans

We maintain six share-based benefit plans in addition to the 2015 Plan — the Sirius XM Radio Inc. 2009 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan, the Amended and Restated Sirius Satellite Radio 2003 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan, the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan of AdsWizz Inc., the Pandora Media, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, the Pandora Media, Inc. 2004 Stock Plan and the TheSavageBeast.com, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan. Excluding dividend equivalent units granted as a result of a declared dividend, no further awards may be made under these plans.

The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used to compute the fair value of options granted to employees, members of our board of directors and non-employees:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,		For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Risk-free interest rate	4.3%	2.9%	4.0%	1.6%
Expected life of options — years	3.76	2.71	3.80	3.52
Expected stock price volatility	42%	34%	32%	32%
Expected dividend yield	2.0%	1.3%	2.0%	1.3%

The following table summarizes stock option activity under our share-based plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	134	$	5.55
Granted	9	$	4.92
Exercised	(9)	$	4.59
Forfeited, cancelled or expired	(7)	$	5.86
Outstanding as of September 30, 2023	127	$	5.55	5.02	$	20
Exercisable as of September 30, 2023	84	$	5.42	4.35	$	19

The weighted average grant date fair value per stock option granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $1.23.  The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $9 and $70, respectively.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the number of net settled shares issued as a result of stock option exercises was 1.

We recognized share-based payment expense associated with stock options of $8 for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and $23 and $27 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit, including PRSU, activity under our share-based plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Shares	Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested as of December 31, 2022	85	$	6.38
Granted	45	$	4.72
Vested	(26)	$	6.39
Forfeited	(11)	$	6.18
Nonvested as of September 30, 2023	93	$	5.64

The total intrinsic value of restricted stock units, including PRSUs, vesting during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $123 and $185, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the number of net settled shares issued as a result of restricted stock units vesting totaled 17. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we granted 4 PRSUs to certain employees. We believe it is probable that the performance target applicable to these PRSUs will be achieved.

In connection with the cash dividends paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we granted 1 restricted stock units, including PRSUs, in accordance with the terms of existing award agreements. These grants did not result in any additional incremental share-based payment expense being recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

We recognized share-based payment expense associated with restricted stock units, including PRSUs, of $40 and $42 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $112 and $116 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested share-based payment awards for stock options and restricted stock units, including PRSUs, granted to employees, members of our board of directors and third parties at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $479 and $472, respectively.  The total unrecognized compensation costs at September 30, 2023 are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.

401(k) Savings Plans

Sirius XM sponsors the Sirius XM Radio Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan (the “Sirius XM Plan”) for eligible employees. The Sirius XM Plan allows eligible employees to voluntarily contribute from 1% to 50% of their pre-tax eligible earnings, subject to certain defined limits. We match 50% of an employee’s voluntary contributions per pay period on the first 6% of an employee’s pre-tax salary up to a maximum of 3% of eligible compensation.  We may also make additional discretionary matching, true-up matching and non-elective contributions to the Sirius XM Plan.  Employer matching contributions under the Sirius XM Plan vest at a rate of 33.33% for each year of employment and are fully vested after three years of employment for all current and future contributions.  Our cash employer matching contributions are not used to purchase shares of our common stock on the open market, unless the employee elects our common stock as their investment option for this contribution.

We recognized expenses of $5 for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and $16 and $15 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in connection with the Sirius XM Plan.

Sirius XM Holdings Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan

The Sirius XM Holdings Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the “DCP”) allows members of our board of directors and certain eligible employees to defer all or a portion of their base salary, cash incentive compensation and/or board of directors’ cash compensation, as applicable.  Pursuant to the terms of the DCP, we may elect to make additional contributions beyond amounts deferred by participants, but we are under no obligation to do so.  We have established a grantor (or “rabbi”) trust to facilitate the payment of our obligations under the DCP.

Contributions to the DCP, net of withdrawals, were less than $(1) for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and $1 and $(1) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the investments held in the trust were $52 and $47, respectively, which is included in Other long-term assets in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets and classified as trading securities.  Trading gains and

losses associated with these investments are recorded in Other (expense) income within our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.  The associated liability is recorded within Other long-term liabilities in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets, and any increase or decrease in the liability is recorded in General and administrative expense within our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.  We recorded (losses) gains on investments held in the trust of $(1) and $(2) for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $4 and $(11) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies 

The following table summarizes our expected contractual cash commitments as of September 30, 2023:

	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		Total
Debt obligations	$	22	$	505	$	5	$	1,140	$	1,500	$	6,250	$	9,422
Cash interest payments	14		399		389		385		344		636		2,167
Satellite and transmission	27		290		197		92		40		2		648
Programming and content	130		344		263		134		63		107		1,041
Sales and marketing	30		99		31		20		6		—		186
Satellite incentive payments	2		8		8		3		3		15		39
Operating lease obligations	16		56		51		47		39		79		288
Royalties, minimum guarantees and other	105		393		167		79		26		12		782
Total (1)	$	346	$	2,094	$	1,111	$	1,900	$	2,021	$	7,101	$	14,573

(1)The table does not include our reserve for uncertain tax positions, which at September 30, 2023 totaled $110.

Debt obligations.    Debt obligations include principal payments on outstanding debt and finance lease obligations.

Cash interest payments.    Cash interest payments include interest due on outstanding debt and capital lease payments through maturity.

Satellite and transmission.    We have entered into agreements for the design, construction and launch of four additional satellites, SXM-9, SXM-10, SXM-11 and SXM-12. We also have entered into agreements with third parties to operate and maintain satellite telemetry, tracking and control facilities and certain components of our terrestrial repeater networks.

Programming and content.    We have entered into various programming and content agreements. Under the terms of these agreements, our obligations include fixed payments, advertising commitments and revenue sharing arrangements. In certain of these agreements, the future revenue sharing costs are dependent upon many factors and are difficult to estimate; therefore, they are not included in our minimum contractual cash commitments.

Sales and marketing.    We have entered into various marketing, sponsorship and distribution agreements to promote our brands and are obligated to make payments to sponsors, retailers, automakers, radio manufacturers and other third parties under these agreements. Certain programming and content agreements also require us to purchase advertising on properties owned or controlled by the licensors.

Satellite incentive payments.    Maxar Technologies (formerly Space Systems/Loral), the manufacturer of certain of our in-orbit satellites, may be entitled to future in-orbit performance payments upon XM-5, SIRIUS FM-5, SIRIUS FM-6, and SXM-8 meeting their fifteen-year design life, which we expect to occur.

Operating lease obligations.    We have entered into both cancelable and non-cancelable operating leases for office space, terrestrial repeaters, data centers and equipment. These leases provide for minimum lease payments, additional operating expense charges, leasehold improvements and rent escalations that have initial terms ranging from one to fifteen years, and certain leases have options to renew.

Royalties, Minimum Guarantees and Other. We have entered into music royalty arrangements that include fixed payments. In addition, certain of our podcast agreements also contain minimum guarantees. As of September 30, 2023, we had future fixed commitments related to music royalty and podcast agreements of $500, of which $64 will be paid in 2023 and the remainder will be paid thereafter. On a quarterly basis, we record the greater of the cumulative actual content costs incurred or the cumulative minimum guarantee based on forecasts for the minimum guarantee period. The minimum guarantee period is the period of time that the minimum guarantee relates to, as specified in each agreement, which may be annual or a longer period. The cumulative minimum guarantee, based on forecasts, considers factors such as listening hours, downloads, revenue, subscribers and other terms of each agreement that impact our expected attainment or recoupment of the minimum guarantees based on the relative attribution method.

Several of our content agreements also include provisions related to the royalty payments and structures of those agreements relative to other content licensing arrangements, which, if triggered, cause our payments under those agreements to escalate. In addition, record labels, publishers and performing rights organizations with whom we have entered into direct license agreements have the right to audit our content payments, and such audits often result in disputes over whether we have paid the proper content costs.

We have also entered into various agreements with third parties for general operating purposes.

In addition to the minimum contractual cash commitments described above, we have entered into other variable cost arrangements. These future costs are dependent upon many factors and are difficult to anticipate; however, these costs may be substantial. We may enter into additional programming, distribution, marketing and other agreements that contain similar variable cost provisions. We do not have any other significant off-balance sheet financing arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we are a defendant or party to various claims and lawsuits, including those discussed below.

We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a liability will be incurred, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We evaluate developments in legal matters that could affect the amount of liability that has been previously accrued and make adjustments as appropriate. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount of a loss or potential loss. We may be unable to reasonably estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss for a particular legal contingency for various reasons, including, among others, because: (i) the damages sought are indeterminate; (ii) the proceedings are in the relative early stages; (iii) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending proceedings (including motions and appeals); (iv) there is uncertainty as to the likelihood of settlement and the outcome of any negotiations with respect thereto; (v) there remain significant factual issues to be determined or resolved; (vi) the relevant law is unsettled; or (vii) the proceedings involve novel or untested legal theories. In such instances, there may be considerable uncertainty regarding the ultimate resolution of such matters, including the likelihood or magnitude of a possible eventual loss, if any.

U.S. Music Royalty Fee Actions and Mass Arbitrations. A number of class actions and mass arbitrations have been commenced against us relating to our pricing, billing and subscription marketing practices. Although each class action and mass arbitration contains unique allegations; in general, the actions and arbitrations allege that we falsely advertised our music subscription plans at lower prices than we actually charge, that we allegedly did not disclose our “U.S. Music Royalty Fee”, and that we have taken other actions to prevent customers from discovering the existence, amount and nature of the U.S. Music Royalty Fee in violation of various state consumer protection laws.

The plaintiffs and claimants seek to enjoin us from advertising our music subscription plans without including the amount of the U.S. Music Royalty Fee. The plaintiffs and claimants also seek disgorgement, restitution and/or damages in the aggregate amount of U.S Music Royalty Fees paid by customers, as well as statutory and punitive damages where available.

To date, the actions and arbitrations filed against us include:

•On April 14, 2023, Ayana Stevenson and David Ambrose, individually, as private attorneys general, and on behalf of all other California persons similarly situated, filed a class action complaint against us in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Contra Costa. The case has since been removed to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.

•On May 17, 2023, Robyn Posternock, Muriel Salters and Philip Munning, individually, as private attorneys general, and on behalf of all other New Jersey persons similarly situated, filed a class action complaint against us in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey.

•On June 5, 2023, Christopher Carovillano and Steven Brandt, individually, as private attorneys general, and on behalf of all other United States persons similarly situated (excluding persons in the states of California, New Jersey and Washington), filed a class action complaint against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

•Commencing on June 5, 2023, the law firm of Hattis & Lukacs filed a series of mass arbitration claims against us before the American Arbitration Association on behalf of approximately 13,500 claimants.

In addition, we have been served with notices of claims by law firms claiming to represent approximately 11,000 claimants. The notices purport to state a variety of claims, including that: we do not adequately disclose to customers the total cost of our subscriptions; do not describe the type or amount of the fees imposed on customers; we enroll customers in automatic bill payments without having knowledge of the U.S. Music Royalty Fee; we fail to provide consumers with an easy way to cancel their subscriptions; in the case of trial subscriptions, we require customers to preauthorize automatic deductions from their accounts, while hiding the fact that customers agree to automatically pay recurring charges at higher rates when the promotional period ends; and we engage in other deceptive consumer practices. The notices assert potential causes of action under the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, various state consumer protection and false advertising laws, and other unspecified state and federal laws. We expect the claimants may also pursue individual arbitrations before the American Arbitration Association pursuant to the terms and conditions of our Customer Agreement.

We believe we have substantial defenses to the claims asserted in these actions and arbitrations, and we intend to defend these actions vigorously.

Other Matters.  In the ordinary course of business, we are a defendant in various other lawsuits and arbitration proceedings, including derivative actions; actions filed by subscribers, both on behalf of themselves and on a class action basis; former employees; parties to contracts or leases; and owners of patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property. None of these other matters, in our opinion, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We have historically filed a consolidated federal income tax return for all of our wholly owned subsidiaries, including Sirius XM and Pandora. On February 1, 2021, we entered into a tax sharing agreement with Liberty Media governing the allocation of consolidated U.S. income tax liabilities and setting forth agreements with respect to other tax matters. The tax sharing agreement contains provisions that we believe are customary for tax sharing agreements between members of a consolidated group. On November 3, 2021, Liberty Media informed us that it beneficially owned over 80% of the outstanding shares of our common stock; as a result of this, we were included in the consolidated tax return of Liberty Media beginning November 4, 2021. The tax sharing agreement and our inclusion in Liberty Media’s consolidated tax group is not expected to have any material adverse effect on us.

We have calculated the provision for income taxes by using a separate return method.  Any difference between the tax expense (or benefit) allocated to us under the separate return method and payments to be made for (or received from) Liberty Media for tax expense are treated as either dividends or capital contributions. Income tax expense was $92 and $110 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $230 and $307 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, we recorded $5 as a capital contribution from Liberty Media during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to the tax sharing agreement.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 20.2% and 30.8%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 20.2% and 26.6%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily impacted by benefits related to certain tax credits partially offset by shortfalls related to share-based compensation. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily impacted by the release of valuation reserves against state net operating losses we now expect to utilize and benefits related to certain tax credits partially offset by shortfalls related to share-based compensation. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was negatively impacted as a result of the expected expiration of certain state and local net operating losses, partially offset by the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation. We estimate our effective tax rate for the year ending December 31, 2023 will be approximately 21%.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets of $86 and $113, respectively, that were not likely to be realized due to the timing of certain federal and state net operating loss limitations.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, or IRA, was signed into law. Among other things, the IRA imposes a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022, levies a 1% excise tax on net stock repurchases after December 31, 2022, and provides tax incentives to promote clean energy. Based on our historical net stock repurchase activity, the excise tax and the other provisions of the IRA did not have a material impact on our results of operations or financial position.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we invested $33 in certain tax-effective clean energy technologies investments.

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Segments and Geographic Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segments and Geographic Information

Segments and Geographic Information

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, we disaggregate our operations into two reportable segments: Sirius XM and Pandora and Off-platform. The financial results of these segments are utilized by the chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer, for evaluating segment performance and allocating resources. We report our segment information based on the "management" approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by management for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of our reportable segments. For additional information on our segments refer to Note 1.

Segment results include the revenues and cost of services which are directly attributable to each segment. There are no indirect revenues or costs incurred that are allocated to the segments. There are planned intersegment advertising campaigns which will be eliminated. We had intersegment advertising revenue of $1 and $2 during the three and nine months ended

September 30, 2023, respectively, and less than $1 and $1 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

Segment revenue and gross profit were as follows during the period presented:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Sirius XM		Pandora and Off-platform		Total
Revenue
Subscriber revenue	$	1,597	$	132	$	1,729
Advertising revenue	42		418		460
Equipment revenue	49		—		49
Other revenue	33		—		33
Total revenue	1,721		550		2,271
Cost of services (a)	(674)		(370)		(1,044)
Segment gross profit	$	1,047	$	180	$	1,227

The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to consolidated income before income tax is as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Segment Gross Profit	$	1,227
Subscriber acquisition costs	(87)
Sales and marketing (a)	(224)
Engineering, design and development (a)	(61)
General and administrative (a)	(108)
Depreciation and amortization	(130)
Share-based payment expense	(48)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(5)
Total other expense	(109)
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	455

(a)     Share-based payment expense of $13 related to cost of services, $13 related to sales and marketing, $11 related to engineering, design and development and $11 related to general and administrative has been excluded.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Sirius XM		Pandora and Off-platform		Total
Revenue
Subscriber revenue	$	1,603	$	131	$	1,734
Advertising revenue	50		407		457
Equipment revenue	50		—		50
Other revenue	39		—		39
Total revenue	1,742		538		2,280
Cost of services (b)	(665)		(365)		(1,030)
Segment gross profit	$	1,077	$	173	$	1,250

    The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to consolidated income before income tax is as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Segment Gross Profit	$	1,250
Subscriber acquisition costs	(86)
Sales and marketing (b)	(268)
Engineering, design and development (b)	(59)
General and administrative (b)	(117)
Depreciation and amortization	(134)
Share-based payment expense	(50)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(69)
Total other expense	(110)
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	357

(b)     Share-based payment expense of $11 related to cost of services, $13 related to sales and marketing, $11 related to engineering, design and development and $15 related to general and administrative has been excluded.

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Sirius XM		Pandora and Off-platform		Total
Revenue
Subscriber revenue	$	4,757	$	389	$	5,146
Advertising revenue	126		1,152		1,278
Equipment revenue	142		—		142
Other revenue	99		—		99
Total revenue	5,124		1,541		6,665
Cost of services (c)	(2,014)		(1,097)		(3,111)
Segment gross profit	$	3,110	$	444	$	3,554

The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to consolidated income before income tax is as follows:

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Segment Gross Profit	$	3,554
Subscriber acquisition costs	(270)
Sales and marketing (c)	(647)
Engineering, design and development (c)	(201)
General and administrative (c)	(385)
Depreciation and amortization	(405)
Share-based payment expense	(135)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(56)
Total other expense	(319)
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	1,136

(c)     Share-based payment expense of $33 related to cost of services, $33 related to sales and marketing, $33 related to engineering, design and development and $36 related to general and administrative has been excluded.

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Sirius XM		Pandora and Off-platform		Total
Revenue
Subscriber revenue	$	4,773	$	393	$	5,166
Advertising revenue	146		1,146		1,292
Equipment revenue	148		—		148
Other revenue	114		—		114
Total revenue	5,181		1,539		6,720
Cost of services (d)	(1,980)		(1,063)		(3,043)
Segment gross profit	$	3,201	$	476	$	3,677

The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to consolidated income before income tax is as follows:

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Segment Gross Profit	$	3,677
Subscriber acquisition costs	(267)
Sales and marketing (d)	(799)
Engineering, design and development (d)	(181)
General and administrative (d)	(339)
Depreciation and amortization	(404)
Share-based payment expense	(143)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(70)
Total other expense	(319)
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	1,155

(d)     Share-based payment expense of $34 related to cost of services, $39 related to sales and marketing, $27 related to engineering, design and development and $43 related to general and administrative has been excluded.

A measure of segment assets is not currently provided to the Chief Executive Officer and has therefore not been provided.

As of September 30, 2023, long-lived assets were predominantly located in the United States. No individual foreign country represented a material portion of our consolidated revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

Capital Return Program

On October 25, 2023, our board of directors declared a quarterly dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.0266 per share of common stock payable on November 29, 2023 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on November 7, 2023.

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 906	$ 848

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Holdings have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain numbers in our prior period consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been reclassified or consolidated to conform to our current period presentation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and footnotes.  Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information.  Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.  Significant estimates inherent in the preparation of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include asset impairment, depreciable lives of our satellites, share-based payment expense and income taxes.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value MeasurementsFor assets and liabilities required to be reported at fair value, GAAP provides a hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted market prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

Earnings per Share

Basic net income per common share is calculated by dividing the income available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during each reporting period.  Diluted net income per common share adjusts the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the potential dilution that could occur if common stock equivalents (stock options, restricted stock units and convertible debt) were exercised or converted into common stock, calculated using the treasury stock method.

Receivables, net

Receivables, net, includes customer accounts receivable, receivables from distributors and other receivables. We do not have any customer receivables that individually represent more than ten percent of our receivables.

Customer accounts receivable, net, includes receivables from our subscribers and advertising customers, including advertising agencies and other customers, and is stated at amounts due, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Our allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon our assessment of various factors.  We consider historical experience, the age of the receivable balances, current economic conditions, industry experience and other factors that may affect the counterparty’s ability to pay.  Bad debt expense is included in Customer service and billing expense in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Receivables from distributors primarily include billed and unbilled amounts due from automakers for services included in the sale or lease price of vehicles, as well as billed amounts due from wholesale distributors of our satellite radios.  Other receivables primarily include amounts due from manufacturers of our radios, modules and chipsets where we are entitled to subsidies and royalties based on the number of units produced.  We have not established an allowance for doubtful accounts for our receivables from distributors or other receivables as we have historically not experienced any significant collection issues with automakers or other third parties and do not expect issues in the foreseeable future.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in business combinations. Our annual impairment assessment of our two reporting units is performed as of the fourth quarter of each year, and an assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, states that an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value.

Indefinite Life Intangible Assets

Indefinite Life Intangible Assets

We have identified our FCC licenses and XM and Pandora trademarks as indefinite life intangible assets after considering the expected use of the assets, the regulatory and economic environment within which they are used and the effects of obsolescence on their use.

We hold FCC licenses to operate our satellite digital audio radio service and provide ancillary services. Each of the FCC licenses authorizes us to use radio spectrum, a reusable resource that does not deplete or exhaust over time.

Equity Method Investments

Sirius XM Canada is accounted for as an equity method investment, and its results are not consolidated in our unaudited consolidated financial statements. Sirius XM Canada does not meet the requirements for consolidation as we do not have the ability to direct the most significant activities that impact Sirius XM Canada's economic performance.

Commitments and Contingencies

We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a liability will be incurred, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We evaluate developments in legal matters that could affect the amount of liability that has been previously accrued and make adjustments as appropriate. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount of a loss or potential loss. We may be unable to reasonably estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss for a particular legal contingency for various reasons, including, among others, because: (i) the damages sought are indeterminate; (ii) the proceedings are in the relative early stages; (iii) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending proceedings (including motions and appeals); (iv) there is uncertainty as to the likelihood of settlement and the outcome of any negotiations with respect thereto; (v) there remain significant factual issues to be determined or resolved; (vi) the relevant law is unsettled; or (vii) the proceedings involve novel or untested legal theories. In such instances, there may be considerable uncertainty regarding the ultimate resolution of such matters, including the likelihood or magnitude of a possible eventual loss, if any.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

Our liabilities measured at fair value were as follows:

	September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Level 1	Level 2		Level 3	Total Fair Value		Level 1	Level 2		Level 3	Total Fair Value
Liabilities:
Debt (a)	—	$	8,064	—	$	8,064	—	$	8,362	—	$	8,362

(a)The fair value for non-publicly traded debt is based upon estimates from a market maker and brokerage firm.  Refer to Note 12 for information related to the carrying value of our debt as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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Earnings per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net Income available to common stockholders for basic net income per common share	$	363	$	247	$	906	$	848
Effect of interest on assumed conversions of convertible notes, net of tax	—		1		1		3
Net Income available to common stockholders for dilutive net income per common share	$	363	$	248	$	907	$	851
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic net income per common share	3,845		3,900		3,865		3,925
Weighted average impact of assumed convertible notes	3		31		3		31
Weighted average impact of dilutive equity instruments	17		37		16		45
Weighted average shares for diluted net income per common share	3,865		3,968		3,884		4,001
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.09	$	0.06	$	0.23	$	0.22
Diluted	$	0.09	$	0.06	$	0.23	$	0.21

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Receivables, net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net

Receivables, net, consists of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Gross customer accounts receivable	$	593	$	585
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(14)		(11)
Customer accounts receivable, net	$	579	$	574
Receivables from distributors	52		53
Other receivables	28		28
Total receivables, net	$	659	$	655

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Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Our intangible assets include the following:

		September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Weighted Average Useful Lives	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net  Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net  Carrying Value
Indefinite life intangible assets:
FCC licenses	Indefinite	$	2,084	$	—	$	2,084	$	2,084	$	—	$	2,084
Trademarks	Indefinite	250		—		250		250		—		250
Definite life intangible assets:
OEM relationships	15 years	220		(145)		75		220		(135)		85
Licensing agreements	12 years	3		(3)		—		45		(45)		—
Software and technology	7 years	29		(22)		7		31		(21)		10
Due to Acquisitions recorded to Pandora and Off-platform Reporting Unit:
Indefinite life intangible assets:
Trademarks	Indefinite	312		—		312		312		—		312
Definite life intangible assets:
Customer relationships	8 years	442		(266)		176		442		(225)		217
Software and technology	5 years	391		(354)		37		391		(299)		92
Total intangible assets		$	3,731	$	(790)	$	2,941	$	3,775	$	(725)	$	3,050

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

Our intangible assets include the following:

		September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Weighted Average Useful Lives	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net  Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net  Carrying Value
Indefinite life intangible assets:
FCC licenses	Indefinite	$	2,084	$	—	$	2,084	$	2,084	$	—	$	2,084
Trademarks	Indefinite	250		—		250		250		—		250
Definite life intangible assets:
OEM relationships	15 years	220		(145)		75		220		(135)		85
Licensing agreements	12 years	3		(3)		—		45		(45)		—
Software and technology	7 years	29		(22)		7		31		(21)		10
Due to Acquisitions recorded to Pandora and Off-platform Reporting Unit:
Indefinite life intangible assets:
Trademarks	Indefinite	312		—		312		312		—		312
Definite life intangible assets:
Customer relationships	8 years	442		(266)		176		442		(225)		217
Software and technology	5 years	391		(354)		37		391		(299)		92
Total intangible assets		$	3,731	$	(790)	$	2,941	$	3,775	$	(725)	$	3,050

Schedule of Expected Future Amortization Expense

The expected amortization expense for each of the fiscal years 2023 through 2027 and for periods thereafter is as follows:

Years ending December 31,	Amount
2023 (remaining)	$	36
2024	77
2025	71
2026	71
2027	25
Thereafter	15
Total definite life intangible assets, net	$	295

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Property and Equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net, consists of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Satellite system	$	1,598	$	1,841
Terrestrial repeater network	119		118
Leasehold improvements	107		100
Broadcast studio equipment	141		133
Capitalized software and hardware	1,850		1,821
Satellite telemetry, tracking and control facilities	82		76
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other	109		89
Land	32		32
Building	73		70
Construction in progress	738		313
Total property and equipment	4,849		4,593
Accumulated depreciation	(3,134)		(3,094)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,715	$	1,499

Construction in progress consists of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Satellite system	$	449	$	212
Terrestrial repeater network	17		10
Capitalized software and hardware	249		56
Other	23		35
Construction in progress	$	738	$	313

Schedule of Orbiting Satellites

The chart below provides certain information on our satellites as of September 30, 2023:

Satellite Description	Year Delivered	Estimated End of Depreciable Life	FCC License Expiration Year
SIRIUS FM-5	2009	2024	2025
SIRIUS FM-6	2013	2028	2030
XM-3	2005	2020	2026
XM-5	2010	2025	2026
SXM-8	2021	2036	2029

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Lease Expense

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	15	$	16	$	46	$	46
Finance lease cost	2		—		3		—
Sublease income	(1)		(1)		(2)		(2)
Total lease cost	$	16	$	15	$	47	$	44

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Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments

Our debt as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following:

					Principal Amount at		Carrying value(a) at
Issuer / Borrower	Issued	Debt	Maturity Date	Interest Payable	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Pandora (c) (d)	June 2018	1.75% Convertible Senior Notes	December 1, 2023	semi-annually on June 1 and December 1	$	20	$	20	$	193
Sirius XM (b) (f)	April 2022	Incremental Term Loan	April 11, 2024	variable fee paid monthly	500		500		500
Sirius XM (b)	August 2021	3.125% Senior Notes	September 1, 2026	semi-annually on March 1 and September 1	1,000		993		992
Sirius XM (b)	July 2017	5.00% Senior Notes	August 1, 2027	semi-annually on February 1 and August 1	1,500		1,494		1,492
Sirius XM (b)	June 2021	4.00% Senior Notes	July 15, 2028	semi-annually on January 15 and July 15	2,000		1,984		1,982
Sirius XM (b)	June 2019	5.500% Senior Notes	July 1, 2029	semi-annually on January 1 and July 1	1,250		1,241		1,240
Sirius XM (b)	June 2020	4.125% Senior Notes	July 1, 2030	semi-annually on January 1 and July 1	1,500		1,488		1,487
Sirius XM (b)	August 2021	3.875% Senior Notes	September 1, 2031	semi-annually on March 1 and September 1	1,500		1,486		1,485
Sirius XM (e)	December 2012	Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (the "Credit Facility")	August 31, 2026	variable fee paid quarterly	135		135		80
Sirius XM	Various	Finance leases	Various	n/a	n/a		17		12
Total Debt							9,358		9,463
Less: total current maturities							525		196
Less: total deferred financing costs							10		11
Total long-term debt							$	8,823	$	9,256

(a)The carrying value of the obligations is net of any remaining unamortized original issue discount.

(b)All material domestic subsidiaries, including Pandora and its subsidiaries, that guarantee the Credit Facility have guaranteed the Incremental Term Loan and these notes.

(c)Holdings has unconditionally guaranteed all of the payment obligations of Pandora under these notes.

(d)We acquired $193 in principal amount of the 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 as part of the acquisition of Pandora Media, Inc. in 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, certain investors exercised their right to require a Special Repurchase, as defined in the indenture governing such notes, and Pandora repurchased $173 in outstanding principal amount of the 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 with cash for an aggregate purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase. On or after July 1, 2023 and prior to the close of business on November 29, 2023, the 1.75% Convertible

Senior Notes due 2023 are convertible into Holdings’ common stock at the holders’ option at the applicable conversion rate in effect on the relevant conversion date.

(e)In August 2021, Sirius XM entered into an amendment to extend the maturity of the $1,750 Credit Facility to August 31, 2026. Sirius XM's obligations under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by certain of its material domestic subsidiaries, including Pandora and its subsidiaries, and are secured by a lien on substantially all of Sirius XM's assets and the assets of its material domestic subsidiaries.  From and after July 1, 2023, Sirius XM borrowings are based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus an applicable rate based on its debt to operating cash flow ratio. Sirius XM is also required to pay a variable fee on the average daily unused portion of the Credit Facility which is payable on a quarterly basis.  The variable rate for the unused portion of the Credit Facility was 0.25% per annum as of September 30, 2023.  All of Sirius XM's outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility are classified as Long-term debt within our unaudited consolidated balance sheets due to the long-term maturity of this debt.

(f)In April 2022, Sirius XM entered into an amendment to the Credit Facility to incorporate an Incremental Term Loan borrowing of $500 which matures on April 11, 2024. Interest on the Incremental Term Loan borrowing is based on SOFR plus an applicable rate.

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Dividends Declared

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our board of directors declared and paid the following dividend:

Declaration Date	Dividend Per Share		Record Date	Total Amount		Payment Date
January 25, 2023	$	0.0242	February 9, 2023	$	94	February 24, 2023
April 19, 2023	$	0.0242	May 5, 2023	$	94	May 24, 2023
July 26, 2023	$	0.0242	August 8, 2023	$	93	August 30, 2023

Schedule of Repurchase Agreements

The following table summarizes our total share repurchase activity for the nine months ended:

	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2022
Share Repurchase Type	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Open Market Repurchases	69	$	274	95	$	594

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Benefit Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Options Granted

The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used to compute the fair value of options granted to employees, members of our board of directors and non-employees:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,		For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Risk-free interest rate	4.3%	2.9%	4.0%	1.6%
Expected life of options — years	3.76	2.71	3.80	3.52
Expected stock price volatility	42%	34%	32%	32%
Expected dividend yield	2.0%	1.3%	2.0%	1.3%

Schedule of Stock Options Activity Under Share-based Payment Plans

The following table summarizes stock option activity under our share-based plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	134	$	5.55
Granted	9	$	4.92
Exercised	(9)	$	4.59
Forfeited, cancelled or expired	(7)	$	5.86
Outstanding as of September 30, 2023	127	$	5.55	5.02	$	20
Exercisable as of September 30, 2023	84	$	5.42	4.35	$	19

Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit and Stock Award Activity

The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit, including PRSU, activity under our share-based plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Shares	Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested as of December 31, 2022	85	$	6.38
Granted	45	$	4.72
Vested	(26)	$	6.39
Forfeited	(11)	$	6.18
Nonvested as of September 30, 2023	93	$	5.64

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Expected Contractual Cash Commitments

The following table summarizes our expected contractual cash commitments as of September 30, 2023:

	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		Total
Debt obligations	$	22	$	505	$	5	$	1,140	$	1,500	$	6,250	$	9,422
Cash interest payments	14		399		389		385		344		636		2,167
Satellite and transmission	27		290		197		92		40		2		648
Programming and content	130		344		263		134		63		107		1,041
Sales and marketing	30		99		31		20		6		—		186
Satellite incentive payments	2		8		8		3		3		15		39
Operating lease obligations	16		56		51		47		39		79		288
Royalties, minimum guarantees and other	105		393		167		79		26		12		782
Total (1)	$	346	$	2,094	$	1,111	$	1,900	$	2,021	$	7,101	$	14,573

(1)The table does not include our reserve for uncertain tax positions, which at September 30, 2023 totaled $110.

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Segments and Geographic Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

Segment revenue and gross profit were as follows during the period presented:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Sirius XM		Pandora and Off-platform		Total
Revenue
Subscriber revenue	$	1,597	$	132	$	1,729
Advertising revenue	42		418		460
Equipment revenue	49		—		49
Other revenue	33		—		33
Total revenue	1,721		550		2,271
Cost of services (a)	(674)		(370)		(1,044)
Segment gross profit	$	1,047	$	180	$	1,227

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Sirius XM		Pandora and Off-platform		Total
Revenue
Subscriber revenue	$	1,603	$	131	$	1,734
Advertising revenue	50		407		457
Equipment revenue	50		—		50
Other revenue	39		—		39
Total revenue	1,742		538		2,280
Cost of services (b)	(665)		(365)		(1,030)
Segment gross profit	$	1,077	$	173	$	1,250

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Sirius XM		Pandora and Off-platform		Total
Revenue
Subscriber revenue	$	4,757	$	389	$	5,146
Advertising revenue	126		1,152		1,278
Equipment revenue	142		—		142
Other revenue	99		—		99
Total revenue	5,124		1,541		6,665
Cost of services (c)	(2,014)		(1,097)		(3,111)
Segment gross profit	$	3,110	$	444	$	3,554

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Sirius XM		Pandora and Off-platform		Total
Revenue
Subscriber revenue	$	4,773	$	393	$	5,166
Advertising revenue	146		1,146		1,292
Equipment revenue	148		—		148
Other revenue	114		—		114
Total revenue	5,181		1,539		6,720
Cost of services (d)	(1,980)		(1,063)		(3,043)
Segment gross profit	$	3,201	$	476	$	3,677

Schedule of Reconciliation of Revenue from Segments to Consolidated

The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to consolidated income before income tax is as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Segment Gross Profit	$	1,227
Subscriber acquisition costs	(87)
Sales and marketing (a)	(224)
Engineering, design and development (a)	(61)
General and administrative (a)	(108)
Depreciation and amortization	(130)
Share-based payment expense	(48)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(5)
Total other expense	(109)
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	455

(a)     Share-based payment expense of $13 related to cost of services, $13 related to sales and marketing, $11 related to engineering, design and development and $11 related to general and administrative has been excluded.

The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to consolidated income before income tax is as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Segment Gross Profit	$	1,250
Subscriber acquisition costs	(86)
Sales and marketing (b)	(268)
Engineering, design and development (b)	(59)
General and administrative (b)	(117)
Depreciation and amortization	(134)
Share-based payment expense	(50)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(69)
Total other expense	(110)
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	357

(b)     Share-based payment expense of $11 related to cost of services, $13 related to sales and marketing, $11 related to engineering, design and development and $15 related to general and administrative has been excluded.

The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to consolidated income before income tax is as follows:

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Segment Gross Profit	$	3,554
Subscriber acquisition costs	(270)
Sales and marketing (c)	(647)
Engineering, design and development (c)	(201)
General and administrative (c)	(385)
Depreciation and amortization	(405)
Share-based payment expense	(135)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(56)
Total other expense	(319)
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	1,136

(c)     Share-based payment expense of $33 related to cost of services, $33 related to sales and marketing, $33 related to engineering, design and development and $36 related to general and administrative has been excluded.

The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to consolidated income before income tax is as follows:

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Segment Gross Profit	$	3,677
Subscriber acquisition costs	(267)
Sales and marketing (d)	(799)
Engineering, design and development (d)	(181)
General and administrative (d)	(339)
Depreciation and amortization	(404)
Share-based payment expense	(143)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(70)
Total other expense	(319)
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	1,155

(d)     Share-based payment expense of $34 related to cost of services, $39 related to sales and marketing, $27 related to engineering, design and development and $43 related to general and administrative has been excluded.

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Business & Basis of Presentation (Details) subscriber in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 segment subscriber satellite_radio_system
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments | segment	2
Number of satellite radio systems | satellite_radio_system	2
Pandora
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of subscribers	6.1
Sirius XM Canada | Equity Method Investee
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Equity method investment, equity interest percentage	70.00%
Equity method investment, voting interest percentage	33.00%
Liberty Media | Management | Common Stock
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party ownership percentage	83.50%
Sirius XM
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of subscribers	34.0

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt	$ 8,064	$ 8,362
Level 1
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt	0	0
Level 2
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt	8,064	8,362
Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt	$ 0	$ 0

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Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	May 20, 2022	Jan. 12, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill			$ 3,249,000,000		$ 3,249,000,000		$ 3,249,000,000
Acquisition related costs			$ 0	$ 1,000,000	$ 0	$ 3,000,000
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	$ 93,000,000	$ 44,000,000
Goodwill	69,000,000	29,000,000
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	1,000,000
Other long term assets acquired	$ 23,000,000
Other definite-lived intangible assets		19,000,000
Liabilities acquired		$ 4,000,000

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Restructuring Costs (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) employee	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	$ 4		$ 39
Positions eliminated | employee			475
Percent of positions eliminated			8.00%
Severance costs		$ 5	$ 31	$ 5
Impairment loss		16	5	16
Accrued restructuring expense	2		2
Wrote off of fixed assets	1		14
Disposal of property and equipment	$ 2	59	$ 271	81
Restructuring costs and asset impairment charge		68		68
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Wrote off of fixed assets		4		4
Capitalized software and hardware
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Disposal of property and equipment		$ 43		$ 43

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Earnings per Share - Narrative (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Participating securities (in shares)	0	0	0	0
Anti-dilutive common stock equivalents (in shares)	157,000,000	93,000,000	155,000,000	86,000,000

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Earnings per Share - Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Numerator:
Net Income available to common stockholders for basic net income per common share	$ 363	$ 247	$ 906	$ 848
Effect of interest on assumed conversions of convertible notes, net of tax	0	1	1	3
Net Income available to common stockholders for dilutive net income per common share	$ 363	$ 248	$ 907	$ 851
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic net income per common share (in shares)	3,845	3,900	3,865	3,925
Weighted average impact of assumed convertible notes (in shares)	3	31	3	31
Weighted average impact of dilutive equity instruments (in shares)	17	37	16	45
Weighted average shares for diluted net income per common share (in shares)	3,865	3,968	3,884	4,001
Net income per common share:
Basic (in USD per share)	$ 0.09	$ 0.06	$ 0.23	$ 0.22
Diluted (in USD per share)	$ 0.09	$ 0.06	$ 0.23	$ 0.21

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Receivables, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Receivables [Abstract]
Gross customer accounts receivable	$ 593	$ 585
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(14)	(11)
Customer accounts receivable, net	579	574
Receivables from distributors	52	53
Other receivables	28	28
Total receivables, net	$ 659	$ 655

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Goodwill (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) reporting_unit	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2008 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of reporting units | reporting_unit			2
Goodwill	$ 3,249,000,000		$ 3,249,000,000		$ 3,249,000,000
Goodwill, impairment loss	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Accumulated impairment of goodwill since the merger	5,722,000,000		5,722,000,000
Sirius XM
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	2,290,000,000		2,290,000,000		2,290,000,000
Accumulated impairment of goodwill since the merger							$ 4,766,000,000
Pandora and Off-platform
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 959,000,000		$ 959,000,000		$ 959,000,000
Accumulated impairment of goodwill since the merger						$ 956,000,000

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Intangible Assets - Schedule of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Definite life intangible assets:
Accumulated Amortization	$ (790)	$ (725)
Total definite life intangible assets, net	295
Gross Carrying Value
Total intangible assets	3,731	3,775
Net  Carrying Value
Total intangible assets	2,941	3,050
FCC licenses
Indefinite life intangible assets:
Gross Carrying Value	2,084	2,084
Trademarks
Indefinite life intangible assets:
Gross Carrying Value	250	250
Trademarks | Pandora and Off-platform
Indefinite life intangible assets:
Gross Carrying Value	$ 312	312
OEM relationships
Definite life intangible assets:
Weighted Average Useful Lives	15 years
Gross Carrying Value	$ 220	220
Accumulated Amortization	(145)	(135)
Total definite life intangible assets, net	$ 75	85
Licensing agreements
Definite life intangible assets:
Weighted Average Useful Lives	12 years
Gross Carrying Value	$ 3	45
Accumulated Amortization	(3)	(45)
Total definite life intangible assets, net	$ 0	0
Software and technology
Definite life intangible assets:
Weighted Average Useful Lives	7 years
Gross Carrying Value	$ 29	31
Accumulated Amortization	(22)	(21)
Total definite life intangible assets, net	$ 7	10
Software and technology | Pandora and Off-platform
Definite life intangible assets:
Weighted Average Useful Lives	5 years
Gross Carrying Value	$ 391	391
Accumulated Amortization	(354)	(299)
Total definite life intangible assets, net	$ 37	92
Customer relationships | Pandora and Off-platform
Definite life intangible assets:
Weighted Average Useful Lives	8 years
Gross Carrying Value	$ 442	442
Accumulated Amortization	(266)	(225)
Total definite life intangible assets, net	$ 176	$ 217

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Intangible Assets - Indefinite Life Intangible Assets (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Impairment of intangible assets, indefinite-lived (excluding goodwill)	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Intangible Assets - Definite Life Intangible Assets (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 36,000,000	$ 39,000,000	$ 109,000,000	$ 117,000,000
Retirement of assets	44,000,000	0	44,000,000	0
Impairments of definite lived intangible assets	$ 1,000,000	$ 0	$ 1,000,000	$ 0

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Intangible Assets - Schedule of Expected Future Amortization Expense (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Expected amortization expense for each of the fiscal years
2023 (remaining)	$ 36
2024	77
2025	71
2026	71
2027	25
Thereafter	15
Total definite life intangible assets, net	$ 295

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Property and Equipment - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 4,849	$ 4,593
Accumulated depreciation	(3,134)	(3,094)
Property and equipment, net	1,715	1,499
Satellite system
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	1,598	1,841
Terrestrial repeater network
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	119	118
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	107	100
Broadcast studio equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	141	133
Capitalized software and hardware
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	1,850	1,821
Satellite telemetry, tracking and control facilities
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	82	76
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	109	89
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	32	32
Building
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	73	70
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 738	$ 313

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Property and Equipment - Schedule of Construction in Progress (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Construction in progress	$ 738	$ 313
Satellite system
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Construction in progress	449	212
Terrestrial repeater network
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Construction in progress	17	10
Capitalized software and hardware
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Construction in progress	249	56
Other
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Construction in progress	$ 23	$ 35

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Property and Equipment - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) satellite	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) satellite	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment	$ 94	$ 95	$ 296	$ 287
Disposal of property and equipment	2	59	271	81
Write off of fixed assets	1		14
Capitalized interest costs	4	1	10	3
Capitalized stock-based compensation costs	$ 5	$ 4	$ 13	$ 13
Number of owned satellites | satellite	5		5

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Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Impairment loss	$ 16	$ 5	$ 16
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease obligations, term (years)		1 year
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease obligations, term (years)		20 years
Operating lease, renewal term (years)		5 years
Finance lease, renewal term (years)		5 years
Option to terminate lease, term of option (years)		1 year

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Leases - Schedule of Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 15	$ 16	$ 46	$ 46
Finance lease cost	2	0	3	0
Sublease income	(1)	(1)	(2)	(2)
Total lease cost	$ 16	$ 15	$ 47	$ 44

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Related Party Transactions (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) director executive board_member $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) director executive board_member $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Preferred stock liquidation preference per share (in CAD per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Related party long-term assets	$ 493,000,000		$ 493,000,000			$ 488,000,000
Revenue	$ 2,271,000,000	$ 2,280,000,000	6,665,000,000	$ 6,720,000,000
Loss from equity method investments			$ (7,000,000)	0
SoundCloud
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of board members | board_member	10		10
SoundCloud
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cost of services	$ 14,000,000	13,000,000	$ 39,000,000	40,000,000
Related party current liabilities	$ 19,000,000		$ 19,000,000			19,000,000
Management | Executives | Liberty Media
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of related party members on board of directors | executive	3		3
Management | Director | Liberty Media
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of related party members on board of directors | director	1		1
Equity Method Investee
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Loss from equity method investments	$ 1,000,000	(1,000,000)	$ (2,000,000)	(4,000,000)
Equity Method Investee | Sirius XM Canada
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Equity method investment, equity interest percentage	70.00%		70.00%
Equity method investment, voting interest percentage	33.00%		33.00%
Number of preferred shares owned (in shares) | shares	591,000,000		591,000,000
Preferred stock liquidation preference per share (in CAD per share) | $ / shares					$ 1
Equity method investments	$ 419,000,000		$ 419,000,000			412,000,000
Related party long-term assets	8,000,000		8,000,000			$ 8,000,000
Equity method investment, dividends, including reduction of investment	1,000,000	0	1,000,000	1,000,000
Revenue	$ 27,000,000	$ 29,000,000	$ 78,000,000	$ 84,000,000
Equity Method Investee | SoundCloud
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of board members appointed | board_member	2		2
Common Stock | Management | Liberty Media
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party ownership percentage	83.50%		83.50%

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Debt - Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Apr. 30, 2022	Aug. 31, 2021	Feb. 01, 2019
Debt
Total	$ 17,000,000	$ 12,000,000
Total Debt	9,358,000,000	9,463,000,000
Less: total current maturities	525,000,000	196,000,000
Less: total deferred financing costs	10,000,000	11,000,000
Total long-term debt	8,823,000,000	9,256,000,000
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (the "Credit Facility")
Debt
Principal amount	135,000,000
Carrying value	$ 135,000,000	80,000,000
Credit facility, unused capacity, commitment fee percentage	0.25%
Senior Notes | 1.75% Senior Notes Due 2023
Debt
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	1.75%
Principal amount	$ 20,000,000
Carrying value	$ 20,000,000	193,000,000
Senior Notes | 1.75% Senior Notes Due 2023 | Pandora
Debt
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	1.75%
Long-term debt					$ 193,000,000
Repurchase amount	$ 173,000,000
Debt instrument redemption price (as a percent of aggregate principal)	100.00%
Senior Notes | 3.125% Senior Notes Due 2026
Debt
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	3.125%
Principal amount	$ 1,000,000,000
Carrying value	$ 993,000,000	992,000,000
Senior Notes | 5.00% Senior Notes Due 2027
Debt
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	5.00%
Principal amount	$ 1,500,000,000
Carrying value	$ 1,494,000,000	1,492,000,000
Senior Notes | 4.00% Senior Notes Due 2028
Debt
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	4.00%
Principal amount	$ 2,000,000,000
Carrying value	$ 1,984,000,000	1,982,000,000
Senior Notes | 5.500% Senior Notes Due 2029
Debt
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	5.50%
Principal amount	$ 1,250,000,000
Carrying value	$ 1,241,000,000	1,240,000,000
Senior Notes | 4.125% Senior Notes Due 2030
Debt
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	4.125%
Principal amount	$ 1,500,000,000
Carrying value	$ 1,488,000,000	1,487,000,000
Senior Notes | 3.875% Senior Notes Due 2031
Debt
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	3.875%
Principal amount	$ 1,500,000,000
Carrying value	1,486,000,000	1,485,000,000
Line of Credit | Incremental Term Loan
Debt
Principal amount	500,000,000		$ 500,000,000
Carrying value	$ 500,000,000	$ 500,000,000
Line of Credit | Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (the "Credit Facility")
Debt
Line of credit facility				$ 1,750,000,000

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Debt - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
1.75% Senior Notes Due 2023 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	1.75%
1.75% Senior Notes Due 2023 | Pandora | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	1.75%
Shares issued (shares per thousand dollars)	0.1654277
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum consolidated leverage ratio	5.0

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Stockholders' Equity - Common Stock (Narrative) (Details) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock authorized (in shares)	9,000,000,000	9,000,000,000
Common stock issued (in shares)	3,840,000,000	3,891,000,000
Common stock outstanding (in shares)	3,840,000,000	3,891,000,000
Common stock reserved for issuance (in shares)	220,000,000

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Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Dividends Declared (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Jul. 26, 2023	Apr. 19, 2023	Jan. 25, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Dividend Per Share (in USD per share)	$ 0.0242	$ 0.0242	$ 0.0242
Total Amount	$ 93	$ 94	$ 94

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Stockholders' Equity - Stock Repurchase Program (Narrative) (Details) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	130 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchased during period (in shares) | shares	3,731
Stock repurchased during period	$ 16,834
Remaining amount authorized under the stock repurchase program	1,166
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, aggregate authorized amount	$ 18,000

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Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Repurchase Agreements (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	9 Months Ended		130 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
Shares Repurchase Activity [Line Items]
Stock repurchased during period (in shares)			3,731
Stock repurchased during period			$ 16,834
Open Market Repurchases
Shares Repurchase Activity [Line Items]
Stock repurchased during period (in shares)	69	95
Stock repurchased during period	$ 274	$ 594

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Stockholders' Equity - Preferred Stock (Narrative) (Details) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.001
Undesignated preferred stock authorized (in shares)	50,000,000
Preferred stock liquidation preference per share (in USD per share)	$ 0.001
Preferred stock issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock outstanding (in shares)	0	0

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Benefit Plans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based payment expense	$ 48	$ 50	$ 135	$ 143
Share-based payment expense			$ 135	143
Employees and Non Employee Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Grant date fair value of options ( in USD per share)			$ 1.23
Options exercised in period, intrinsic value			$ 9	70
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			1
Share-based payment expense	8	8	$ 23	27
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) and Performance Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based payment expense	40	$ 42	112	116
Restricted stock units vested, intrinsic value			$ 123	$ 185
Granted (in shares)			45
Restricted stock units granted (in shares)			1
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			17
Performance-based Share Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)			4
Restricted Stock Units Rsu And Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation costs	$ 479		$ 479		$ 472
Weighted-average service period (in years)			2 years 8 months 12 days

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Benefit Plans - 2015 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan (Narrative) (Details) - 2015 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan shares in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock conversion to common stock	1
Common stock available for future grants (in shares)	100
Employees and Non Employee Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option expiration period	10 years
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	3 years
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	4 years

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Benefit Plans - Other Plans (Narrative) (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 plan
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Number of other share-based benefit plans	6

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Benefit Plans - Schedule of Fair Value of Options Granted (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Risk-free interest rate	4.30%	2.90%	4.00%	1.60%
Expected life of options — years	3 years 9 months 3 days	2 years 8 months 15 days	3 years 9 months 18 days	3 years 6 months 7 days
Expected stock price volatility	42.00%	34.00%	32.00%	32.00%
Expected dividend yield	2.00%	1.30%	2.00%	1.30%

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Benefit Plans - Schedule of Stock Options Activity Under Share-Based Payment Plans (Details) - Employees and Non Employee Stock Option $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Options
Outstanding as of beginning of period (in shares) | shares	134
Granted (in shares) | shares	9
Exercised (in shares) | shares	(9)
Forfeited, cancelled or expired (in shares) | shares	(7)
Outstanding as of end of period (in shares) | shares	127
Exercisable (in shares) | shares	84
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
Outstanding as of beginning of period (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.55
Granted (in USD per share) | $ / shares	4.92
Exercised (in USD per share) | $ / shares	4.59
Forfeited, cancelled or expired (in USD per share) | $ / shares	5.86
Outstanding as of end of period (in USD per share) | $ / shares	5.55
Exercisable (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.42
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding	5 years 7 days
Exercisable	4 years 4 months 6 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding | $	$ 20
Exercisable | $	$ 19

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Benefit Plans - Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit and Stock Award Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) and Performance Shares shares in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Shares
Nonvested as of beginning of period (in shares) | shares	85
Granted (in shares) | shares	45
Vested (in shares) | shares	(26)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(11)
Nonvested as of end of period (in shares) | shares	93
Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested as of beginning of period ( in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.38
Granted ( in USD per share) | $ / shares	4.72
Vested ( in USD per share) | $ / shares	6.39
Forfeited ( in USD per share) | $ / shares	6.18
Nonvested as of end of period ( in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.64

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Benefit Plans - 401(k) Savings Plan (Narrative) (Details) - Sirius XM Savings Plan - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Minimum of employee contributions of pre-tax eligible earnings to company 401(k) savings plan			1.00%
Maximum of employee contributions of pre-tax eligible earnings to company 401(k) savings plan			50.00%
Percent of Company match of employee's voluntary contributions			50.00%
Percent of employee's pre-tax salary			6.00%
Maximum annual contributions per employee, percent			3.00%
Vesting percentage of employer contributions for each year of employment			33.33%
Savings plan, fully vested period			3 years
Recognized cost	$ 5	$ 5	$ 16	$ 15

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Benefit Plans - Sirius XM Holdings Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Net contributions			$ 1
Contributions (withdrawals)	$ (1)	$ (1)		$ (1)
Fair value of investment assets related to deferred compensation plan	52		52		$ 47
Gains (losses) on investments	$ (1)	$ (2)	$ 4	$ (11)

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Expected Contractual Cash Commitments (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Expected contractual cash commitments
2023	$ 346
2024	2,094
2025	1,111
2026	1,900
2027	2,021
Thereafter	7,101
Total	14,573
Uncertain tax positions are recognized in other long-term liabilities	110
Debt obligations
Expected contractual cash commitments
2023	22
2024	505
2025	5
2026	1,140
2027	1,500
Thereafter	6,250
Total	9,422
Cash interest payments
Expected contractual cash commitments
2023	14
2024	399
2025	389
2026	385
2027	344
Thereafter	636
Total	2,167
Satellite and transmission
Expected contractual cash commitments
2023	27
2024	290
2025	197
2026	92
2027	40
Thereafter	2
Total	648
Programming and content
Expected contractual cash commitments
2023	130
2024	344
2025	263
2026	134
2027	63
Thereafter	107
Total	1,041
Sales and marketing
Expected contractual cash commitments
2023	30
2024	99
2025	31
2026	20
2027	6
Thereafter	0
Total	186
Satellite incentive payments
Expected contractual cash commitments
2023	2
2024	8
2025	8
2026	3
2027	3
Thereafter	15
Total	39
Operating lease obligations
Expected contractual cash commitments
2023	16
2024	56
2025	51
2026	47
2027	39
Thereafter	79
Total	288
Royalties, minimum guarantees and other
Expected contractual cash commitments
2023	105
2024	393
2025	167
2026	79
2027	26
Thereafter	12
Total	$ 782

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Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 18, 2023 plaintiff	Jun. 05, 2023 plaintiff	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) satellite
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of replacement satellites | satellite			4
American Arbitration Association
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of claimants | plaintiff	11,000	13,500
Music Royalty And Podcast Content Minimum Gaurantee
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Future minimum guarantee payments			$ 500
Other commitment, to be paid, year one			$ 64
Minimum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Operating lease obligations, term (years)			1 year
Maximum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Operating lease obligations, term (years)			15 years
XM-5, SIRIUS FM-5, SIRIUS FM-6, and SXM-8
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Operating performance over design life			15 years

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Income tax (expense) benefit	$ (92)	$ (110)	$ (230)	$ (307)
Capital contribution liability	$ 5		$ 5
Effective income tax rate percent	20.20%	30.80%	20.20%	26.60%
Valuation allowance	$ 86		$ 86			$ 113
Clean Energy Technologies
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Cost of equity method investment	$ 33		$ 33
Forecast
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Effective income tax rate percent					21.00%

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Segments and Geographic Information - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments | segment			2
Total revenue	$ 2,271	$ 2,280	$ 6,665	$ 6,720
Advertising revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	460	457	1,278	1,292
Advertising revenue | Intersegment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 1	$ 1	$ 2	$ 1

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Segments and Geographic Information - Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 2,271	$ 2,280	$ 6,665	$ 6,720
Cost of services	(1,044)	(1,030)	(3,111)	(3,043)
Segment gross profit	1,227	1,250	3,554	3,677
Subscriber revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,729	1,734	5,146	5,166
Advertising revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	460	457	1,278	1,292
Equipment revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	49	50	142	148
Other revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	33	39	99	114
Sirius XM
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,721	1,742	5,124	5,181
Cost of services	(674)	(665)	(2,014)	(1,980)
Segment gross profit	1,047	1,077	3,110	3,201
Sirius XM | Subscriber revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,597	1,603	4,757	4,773
Sirius XM | Advertising revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	42	50	126	146
Sirius XM | Equipment revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	49	50	142	148
Sirius XM | Other revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	33	39	99	114
Pandora and Off-platform
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	550	538	1,541	1,539
Cost of services	(370)	(365)	(1,097)	(1,063)
Segment gross profit	180	173	444	476
Pandora and Off-platform | Subscriber revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	132	131	389	393
Pandora and Off-platform | Advertising revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	418	407	1,152	1,146
Pandora and Off-platform | Equipment revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	0	0	0	0
Pandora and Off-platform | Other revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Segments and Geographic Information - Schedule of Reconciliation of Revenue from Segments to Consolidated (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Segment gross profit	$ 1,227	$ 1,250	$ 3,554	$ 3,677
Subscriber acquisition costs	(87)	(86)	(270)	(267)
Sales and marketing	(237)	(281)	(680)	(838)
Engineering, design and development	(72)	(70)	(234)	(208)
General and administrative	(119)	(132)	(421)	(382)
Depreciation and amortization	(130)	(134)	(405)	(404)
Share-based payment expense	(48)	(50)	(135)	(143)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(5)	(69)	(56)	(70)
Consolidated income before income taxes	455	357	1,136	1,155
Cost of Sales
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Share-based payment expense	(13)	(11)	(33)	(34)
Sales and Marketing
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Share-based payment expense	(13)	(13)	(33)	(39)
Research and Development Expense
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Share-based payment expense	(11)	(11)	(33)	(27)
General and Administrative Expense
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Share-based payment expense	(11)	(15)	(36)	(43)
Segment Reconciling Items
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Subscriber acquisition costs	(87)	(86)	(270)	(267)
Sales and marketing	(224)	(268)	(647)	(799)
Engineering, design and development	(61)	(59)	(201)	(181)
General and administrative	(108)	(117)	(385)	(339)
Depreciation and amortization	(130)	(134)	(405)	(404)
Share-based payment expense	(48)	(50)	(135)	(143)
Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs	(5)	(69)	(56)	(70)
Total other expense	$ (109)	$ (110)	$ (319)	$ (319)

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Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions					130 Months Ended
	Oct. 25, 2023	Jul. 26, 2023	Apr. 19, 2023	Jan. 25, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock repurchased during period (in shares)					3,731
Stock repurchased during period					$ 16,834
Common stock, dividends, declared (in dollars per share)		$ 0.0242	$ 0.0242	$ 0.0242
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock, dividends, declared (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0266

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Label	Element	Value
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]	us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdateExtensibleList	Accounting Standards Update 2020-06 [Member]