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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Consolidation Policy: The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of ATRM Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates: The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates include those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts; asset lives used in computing depreciation and amortization; valuation of inventories, contingent consideration, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, deferred income taxes, warranty obligations, health insurance expense accruals and accruals for contingencies, including legal matters. Such estimates require significant judgment. At the time they are made, such estimates are believed to be reasonable when considered in conjunction with our consolidated financial position and results of operations taken as a whole. However, actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: At times, we may invest a portion of our cash reserves in cash equivalents, which are highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. We may maintain our cash and cash equivalents in accounts that, at times, may exceed the insurance limits of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Restricted cash represents amounts the Company has on deposit with Gerber Finance from time-to-time as additional collateral to support borrowing under the KBS revolving line of credit facility, as well as funds kept on deposit with INTL FC Stone related to our lumber commodity hedging program.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of losses that may result from uncollectable accounts receivable. We determine the allowance based on an analysis of individual accounts and an evaluation of the collectability of our accounts receivable in the aggregate based on factors such as the aging of receivable amounts, customer concentrations, historical experience, and current economic trends and conditions. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when we believe it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. We do not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to our customers.

Inventories

Inventories: Inventories consist primarily of lumber and other commodity-type building materials and are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventories include work in process and finished goods not yet delivered. Direct and indirect costs incurred on contracts in process, such as direct and indirect materials, labor and overhead are capitalized to inventory. Materials purchased, and costs incurred for specific contracts are recorded in cost of sales when the related contract revenue is recognized. We adjust our inventories for excess and obsolete items by reducing their carrying values to estimated net realizable value based upon assumptions about future product demand.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Estimated useful lives are as follows: buildings and improvements - 30 years; machinery and equipment - 3 to 7 years. Leasehold improvements will be depreciated over the shorter of lease term or economic life. When assets are sold or retired, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recorded. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the lease or economic life. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and major improvements are capitalized.

Impairment of Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Impairment of Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets: Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives, such as trademarks, are assessed annually in order to determine whether their carrying value exceeds their fair value. In addition, they are tested on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change between annual tests that would more likely than not reduce their fair value below carrying value. If we determine the fair value of goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets is less than their carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized. Impairment losses, if any, are reflected in operating income or loss in the period incurred. The Company performs its annual tests of goodwill and trademarks during the second quarter of each fiscal year. See Notes 9 and 13.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets with Finite Lives

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets with Finite Lives: Long-lived assets held and used by us which have finite lives, including fixed assets and purchased intangible assets, are assessed for impairment whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying value of the asset may not be fully recoverable. Recoverability is determined based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of an asset and its eventual disposition. An impairment loss is measured by comparing the fair value of the asset to its carrying value. If we determine the fair value of an asset is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is incurred. Impairment losses, if any, are reflected in operating income or loss in the period incurred. We did not record any impairment charges related to long-lived assets with finite lives during 2018 or 2017.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition: KBS manufactures both single-family residential homes as well as commercial structures. Commercial structures, which include multi-unit residential buildings such as apartment buildings, condominiums, townhouses, and dormitories as well as commercial structures such as hospitals and office buildings are manufactured to customer specifications and may take up to several months to complete. Under commercial contracts the Company manufactures, delivers and sets the modular units on the foundation with little or no final on-site work required (which includes on-site electrical, plumbing or heating and air conditioning services). Generally, KBS’s contracts for residential homes do not include site work, which is typically performed by independent builders, and the homes are generally delivered and set on the foundation within a few days after being manufactured.

EdgeBuilder manufactures structural wall panels and permanent wood foundations pursuant to commercial construction contracts. These wall panels and wood foundation systems are manufactured in EdgeBuilder’s factory and delivered to its customers’ construction sites in accordance with the contractual delivery schedule. Many of EdgeBuilder’s wall panel construction contracts span multiple months.

Glenbrook is a retail supplier of lumber and other building supplies. Retail sales at Glenbrook are recognized at the point of sale. Returns on retail sales are recognized at the point of return.

The Company's historic accounting practice under FASB ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition ("ASC 605") was to apply the percentage of completion method. Percentage of completion is determined using a units-of-production methodology based on modules delivered in accordance with the terms of the contract (KBS) and cost-to-cost method with cost determined based on costs incurred to date related to each performance obligation identified in the wall panel (EBGL) contracts.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers ("ASC 606") - see further discussion in Note 5.

In accordance with the new guidance, the Company recognizes revenue at an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for transferring goods or services to its customers. The Company's policy is to record revenue when control of the goods transfers to the customer. Net sales are comprised of gross revenues from sales of products less trade discounts and rebates.

The Company's historic accounting practice under ASC 605 was to apply the percentage of completion method. Percentage of completion is determined using a units-of-production methodology based on modules delivered in accordance with the terms of the contract (KBS) and cost-to-cost method with cost determined based on costs incurred to date related to each performance obligation identified in the wall panel (EBGL) contracts. Under ASC 606, it was determined that since the Company does not meet the criteria to recognize revenue over time, point in time revenue recognition should be applied. While the Company had previously recognized revenue upon delivery, it had also applied the uncompleted construction contract accounting to record a "Costs" and estimated profit in excess of billings and a "Billings" in excess of costs and estimated profit amount each reporting period. With the adoption of ASC 606, recording estimates of completion by specific contract activity will no longer be required.

The Company’s contracts do not offer a right to return any of the products sold unless covered under the assurance-type warranty offered. Assurance-type warranties provide a customer with assurance that the related product will function as the parties intended because it complies with agreed-upon specifications. Such warranties do not represent a separate performance obligation. The Company does not offer additional service-type warranties for its products.

Costs incurred to obtain a customer contract are not material to the Company for the KBS or EBGL revenue streams. The Company elected to apply the practical expedient to not capitalize costs to obtain contracts with a duration of one year or less, which are expensed and included within Cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company generally requires deposits prior to the start of production of customer orders. The Company will not finance any part of the sale. The full balance is due upon delivery. Below is a summary of deposits utilized during the year by operating segment:



	Modular Home Manufacturing			Structured Wall Panel Manufacturing			Total
(in thousands)
January 1, 2018	$	682		$	300		$	982
Revenue recognized that was included in deposit at beginning of period	(682		)	(300		)	(982		)
Increase due to cash received, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	180			4			184
December 31, 2018	$	180		$	4		$	184

The Company has expanded its financial statement disclosures as required by this new standard. See Note 25, "Operating Segments" for additional disclosures provided as a result of this ASU.

Warranty Costs

Warranty Costs: KBS provides a limited warranty on its residential homes that covers substantial defects in materials or workmanship for a period of 12 months after delivery to the owner. EBGL provides a limited warranty on the sale of its wood foundation products that covers leaks resulting from defects in workmanship for a period of twenty-five years. Estimated warranty costs are accrued in the period that the related revenue is recognized. Accrued warranty costs are included in the caption “Other accrued liabilities” in our consolidated balance sheet. See Note 14.

Self-Insurance Costs

Self-Insurance Costs: During 2017 and for the first six months of 2018, we maintained a self-insurance program for a portion of our employee health care costs. Self-insurance costs were accrued based on actual reported claims plus an estimate of claims incurred but not yet reported. The portion of the accrual related to unreported claims was estimated based on an analysis of historical claims experience and other assumptions. On July 1, 2018, the Company ended the self-insurance program and became fully insured. Accrued health insurance costs are included in the caption “Other accrued liabilities” in our consolidated balance sheet. See Note 14.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes: We record income tax expense or benefit based on our estimate of the effective tax rates for the jurisdictions in which we do business. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and tax credit carryforwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We assess our income tax positions for all years subject to examination based upon our evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting dates. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we record the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recorded. Interest expense associated with income taxes, if any, is classified as income tax expense. See Note 23 for additional information regarding income taxes.

Loss Per Common Share

Loss Per Common Share: Basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted income per share is computed by dividing income by the weighted-average number of common shares and common equivalent shares using the treasury stock method. Common equivalent shares include shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options, vesting of restricted shares, and the conversion of convertible securities. For periods that include a loss, the computation of diluted loss per share excludes the impact of common equivalent shares because they would be antidilutive and diluted loss per share is therefore the same as basic loss per share.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation: We measure and recognize share-based compensation using the fair value method. See Note 20 for additional information regarding share-based compensation and our stock-based compensation plans.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements: We measure fair value for financial reporting purposes based on a framework that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value for three broad categories of financial assets and liabilities as follows:


•	Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.


•	Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.


•	Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The carrying amounts of our cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and estimated profit, other current assets, trade accounts payable and accrued expenses at December 31, 2018 and 2017 approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

Derivative Instruments

Derivative Instruments: The Company uses derivative financial instruments (exchange-traded futures contracts, put options and call options) to manage a portion of the risk associated with changes in commodity prices specifically related to lumber. The Company monitors and manages this exposure as part of its overall risk management policy. As such, the Company seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on its operating results by taking hedging positions in these commodities. While the Company attempts to link its hedging activities to purchase and sale activities, there are situations in which these hedging activities can themselves result in losses. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company accounts for its derivative activities under the provisions of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (ASC 815). ASC 815 establishes accounting and reporting requirements requiring every derivative instrument be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. Derivative instruments with settlement dates within one year are included in current assets or liabilities, whereas derivative instruments with settlement dates exceeding one year are included in non-current assets or liabilities. The Company calculates a net asset or liability for current and non-current derivative instruments for each counterparty based on the settlement dates within the respective contracts. The changes in fair value of these derivative financial instruments are recognized in current period earnings as the Company does not use hedge accounting. See Note 10 for additional information regarding derivatives.

Contingent Earn-outs

Contingent Earn-outs: We record contingent earn-outs received in business divestitures and contingent earn-outs given in acquisitions at their estimated fair values. Adjustments to fair value are recorded in current period earnings. We determine the fair value of contingent earn-out consideration (both receivable and payable) using discounted cash flow techniques based on all information available to us at the time, including estimates, assumptions and judgments we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual amounts realized or paid may differ from those estimated.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

RECENTLY ISSUED AND ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PROUNOUNCEMENTS

Recently Adopted

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is only required if the fair value, vesting conditions or classification (equity or liability) of the new award are different from the original award immediately before the original award is modified. This update is effective for annual and interim financial statement periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The new guidance must be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date; consequently the impact will be dependent on whether the Company modifies any of its share-based payment awards and the nature of such modifications. We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018, and there were no material impacts on the Company’s results based on the adoption of this update.

Recently Issued

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13 (ASU 2018-13), which eliminates disclosures, modifies existing disclosures and adds new Fair Value disclosure requirements to Topic 820 for the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The ASU is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, "Codification Improvements", which does not prescribe any new accounting guidance, but instead makes minor improvements and clarifications of several different FASB ASC areas based on comments and suggestions made by various stakeholders. Certain updates are applicable immediately while others provide for a transition period to adopt as part of the next fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases on the balance sheet. A lessee should recognize in its balance sheet a liability to make lease payments and an asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The new standard is effective for the company on January 1, 2019. The amendments should be applied either at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach or as of the adoption date using a modified retrospective approach. The Company will adopt the standard effective January 1, 2019 and has chosen to use the effective date as our date of initial application. The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company has elected to apply the ‘package of practical expedients’ which allow us to not reassess i) whether existing or expired arrangements contain a lease, ii) the lease classification of existing or expired leases, or iii) whether previous initial direct costs would qualify for capitalization under the new lease standard. The Company has also elected to apply i) the practical expedient which allows us to not separate lease and non-lease components, and (2) the short-term lease exemption for all leases with an original term of less than 12 months, for purposes of applying the recognition and measurements requirements in the new standard. The Company expects that adoption of this standard will add a right to use asset of $0.7 million and an additional lease liability of $0.7 million The Company does not expect a material impact to the consolidated statement of operations or cash flows.