Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Consolidation Policy: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ATRM Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates: The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates include those related to revenue recognition (including estimates of costs and profit under the percentage of completion method of accounting), customer rebates, allowance for doubtful accounts; asset lives used in computing depreciation and amortization; valuation of inventories, contingent consideration, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, deferred income taxes, warranty obligations, health insurance expense accruals and accruals for contingencies, including legal matters. Such estimates require significant judgment. At the time they are made, such estimates are believed to be reasonable when considered in conjunction with our consolidated financial position and results of operations taken as a whole. However, actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: At times, we may invest a portion of our cash reserves in cash equivalents, which are highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. We may maintain our cash and cash equivalents in accounts that, at times, may exceed the insurance limits of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Restricted cash represents amounts the Company has on deposit with Gerber Finance from time-to-time as additional collateral to support borrowing under the KBS revolving line of credit facility, as well as funds kept on deposit with INTL FC Stone related to our lumber commodity hedging program.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of losses that may result from uncollectable accounts receivable. We determine the allowance based on an analysis of individual accounts and an evaluation of the collectability of our accounts receivable in the aggregate based on factors such as the aging of receivable amounts, customer concentrations, historical experience, and current economic trends and conditions. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when we believe it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. We do not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to our customers.

Inventories

Inventories: Inventories consist primarily of lumber and other commodity-type building materials and are valued at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Materials purchased, and costs incurred for specific contracts are recorded in cost of sales when the related contract revenue is recognized. We adjust our inventories for excess and obsolete items by reducing their carrying values to estimated net realizable value based upon assumptions about future product demand.

Customer Rebate Program

Customer Rebate Program: KBS has a rebate program for some builders based on sales volume. Rebates are recorded as a reduction of net sales in our consolidated statements of operations. The rebate liability is included in other accrued liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Estimated useful lives are as follows: buildings and improvements - 30 years; machinery and equipment - 3 to 7 years. When assets are sold or retired, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recorded. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and major improvements are capitalized.

Impairment of Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Impairment of Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets: Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives, such as trademarks, are assessed annually in order to determine whether their carrying value exceeds their fair value. In addition, they are tested on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change between annual tests that would more likely than not reduce their fair value below carrying value. If we determine the fair value of goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets is less than their carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized. Impairment losses, if any, are reflected in operating income or loss in the period incurred. The Company performs its annual tests of goodwill and trademarks during the second quarter of each fiscal year. See Notes 8 and 12.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets with Finite Lives

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets with Finite Lives: Long-lived assets held and used by us which have finite lives, including fixed assets and purchased intangible assets, are assessed for impairment whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying value of the asset may not be fully recoverable. Recoverability is determined based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of an asset and its eventual disposition. An impairment loss is measured by comparing the fair value of the asset to its carrying value. If we determine the fair value of an asset is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is incurred. Impairment losses, if any, are reflected in operating income or loss in the period incurred. We did not record any impairment charges related to long-lived assets with finite lives during 2017 or 2016.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition: KBS manufactures both single-family residential homes as well as commercial structures. Commercial structures, which include multi-unit residential buildings such as apartment buildings, condominiums, townhouses, and dormitories as well as commercial structures such as hospitals and office buildings are manufactured to customer specifications and may take up to several months to complete. Commercial contracts provide that it manufactures, delivers and sets the modular units on the foundation with little or no final on-site work required (which includes on-site electrical, plumbing or heating and air conditioning services). Generally, KBS’s contracts for residential homes do not include site work, which is typically performed by independent builders, and the homes are generally delivered and set on the foundation within a few days after being manufactured.

EdgeBuilder manufactures structural wall panels and permanent wood foundations pursuant to commercial construction contracts. These wall panels and wood foundation systems are manufactured in EdgeBuilder’s factory and delivered to its customers’ construction sites in accordance with the contractual delivery schedule. Many of EdgeBuilder’s wall panel construction contracts span multiple months.

We recognize revenue for modular units and site work, as well as structural wall panels and wood foundations, using the percentage of completion method. Percentage of completion is determined using a units-of-production methodology based on modules delivered in accordance with the terms of the contract (KBS) and cost-to-cost method with cost determined based on costs incurred to date related to each wall panel (EBGL) contract. Sales tax billed to customers is excluded from revenue. Transportation and freight billed to customers is recorded as revenue and the related costs are included in cost of sales. The current asset “Costs and estimated profit in excess of billings” represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed and the current liability “Billings in excess of costs and estimated profit” represents billings in excess of revenues recognized.

Application of the cost-to-cost percentage of completion method of accounting requires the use of estimates of costs to be incurred in completing our performance under a contract. The cost estimating process is based on the knowledge and experience of management and involves making significant judgments. Changes in contract performance, change orders, estimated profitability, final contract settlements and other factors may result in changes to estimated and actual costs and profit. The effects of such changes are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. In situations where the estimated cost to complete a contract indicates a loss will be incurred, the entire loss is recorded in the period in which it is estimated.

Glenbrook is a retail supplier of lumber and other building supplies. Retail sales at Glenbrook are recognized at the point of sale. Returns on retail sales are generally not material and are recognized at the point of return.

Warranty Costs

Warranty Costs: KBS provides a limited warranty on its residential homes that covers substantial defects in materials or workmanship for a period of 12 months after delivery to the owner. EBGL provides a limited warranty on the sale of its wood foundation products that covers leaks resulting from defects in workmanship for a period of twenty-five years. Estimated warranty costs are accrued in the period that the related revenue is recognized. Accrued warranty costs are included in the caption “Other accrued liabilities” in our consolidated balance sheet. See Note 15.

Self-Insurance Costs

Self-Insurance Costs: We maintain a self-insurance program for a portion of our employee health care costs. Self-insurance costs are accrued based on actual reported claims plus an estimate of claims incurred but not yet reported. The portion of the accrual related to unreported claims is estimated based on an analysis of historical claims experience and other assumptions. Accruals for such costs could be significantly impacted if future events and claims differ from these assumptions. Accrued health insurance costs are included in the caption “Other accrued liabilities” in our consolidated balance sheet. See Note 15.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes: We record income tax expense or benefit based on our estimate of the effective tax rates for the jurisdictions in which we do business. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and tax credit carryforwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We assess our income tax positions for all years subject to examination based upon our evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting dates. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we record the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recorded. Interest expense associated with income taxes, if any, is classified as income tax expense. See Note 24 for additional information regarding income taxes.

Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Income (Loss) Per Common Share: Basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted income per share is computed by dividing income by the weighted-average number of common shares and common equivalent shares using the treasury stock method. Common equivalent shares include shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options, vesting of restricted shares, and the conversion of convertible securities. For periods that include a loss, the computation of diluted loss per share excludes the impact of common equivalent shares because they would be antidilutive and diluted loss per share is therefore the same as basic loss per share.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations: We account for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. The purchase price of an acquired business is allocated to the acquired tangible and intangible assets and the assumed liabilities on the basis of their respective fair values on the date of acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the separately identifiable acquired assets and assumed liabilities is allocated to goodwill. The valuation of acquired assets and assumed liabilities requires significant judgments and is subject to revision as additional information about the fair value of assets and liabilities becomes available. Additional information, which existed as of the acquisition date but at that time was unknown to us, may become known during the remainder of the measurement period, a period not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date. Adjustments in the purchase price allocation may result in a change in the amount allocated to goodwill. All acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation: We measure and recognize share-based compensation using the fair value method. See Note 21 for additional information regarding share-based compensation and our stock-based compensation plans.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements: We measure fair value for financial reporting purposes based on a framework that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value for three broad categories of financial assets and liabilities as follows:


•	Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.


•	Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.


•	Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The carrying amounts of our cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, costs in excess of billings and estimated profit, other current assets, trade accounts payable, billings in excess of costs and estimated profit and accrued expenses at December 31, 2017 and 2016 approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

Derivative Instruments

Derivative Instruments: The Company uses derivative financial instruments (exchange-traded futures contracts, put options and call options) to manage a portion of the risk associated with changes in commodity prices specifically related to lumber. The Company monitors and manages this exposure as part of its overall risk management policy. As such, the Company seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on its operating results by taking hedging positions in these commodities. While the Company attempts to link its hedging activities to purchase and sale activities, there are situations in which these hedging activities can themselves result in losses. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company accounts for its derivative activities under the provisions of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (ASC 815). ASC 815 establishes accounting and reporting requirements requiring every derivative instrument be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. Derivative instruments with settlement dates within one year are included in current assets or liabilities, whereas derivative instruments with settlement dates exceeding one year are included in non-current assets or liabilities. The Company calculates a net asset or liability for current and non-current derivative instruments for each counterparty based on the settlement dates within the respective contracts. The changes in fair value of these derivative financial instruments are recognized in current period earnings as the Company does not use hedge accounting. See Note 9 for additional information regarding derivatives.

Contingent Earn-outs

Contingent Earn-outs: We record contingent earn-outs received in business divestitures and contingent earn-outs given in acquisitions at their estimated fair values. Adjustments to fair value are recorded in current period earnings. We determine the fair value of contingent earn-out consideration (both receivable and payable) using discounted cash flow techniques based on all information available to us at the time, including estimates, assumptions and judgments we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual amounts realized or paid may differ from those estimated.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

RECENTLY ISSUED AND ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PROUNOUNCEMENTS

Recently Adopted

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is only required if the fair value, vesting conditions or classification (equity or liability) of the new award are different from the original award immediately before the original award is modified. This update is effective for annual and interim financial statement periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The new guidance must be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date; consequently the impact will be dependent on whether the Company modifies any of its share-based payment awards and the nature of such modifications. There were no material impacts on the Company’s results based on the adoption of this update.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The amendments in this ASU simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test and eliminating the requirement for a reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment. Instead, under this pronouncement, an entity would perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and would recognize an impairment change for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized is not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In addition, income tax effects will be considered, if applicable. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted and should be adopted on a prospective basis. The Company has adopted this ASU on a prospective basis in the second quarter of 2017.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The new guidance will require amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The amendments will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has complied with this standard as of January 1, 2016.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2016-09). Under ASU 2016-09, the tax effects of stock compensation will be recognized as income tax expense or benefit to the Company’s income statement and the tax effects of exercised or vested awards will be treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur. Along with other income tax cash flows, excess tax benefits will be classified as operating activities, and cash paid by the Company when directly withholding shares for tax withholding purposes will be classified as financing activities. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures when they occur. This guidance was adopted on January 1, 2017, with no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. ASU 2015-17 was issued to simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes. The amendments in this guidance require that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. ASU 2015-17 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. As required, ATRM adopted this update effective January 1, 2017. There were no material impacts on the Company’s results based on the adoption of this update.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which requires all inventory to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value, except for inventory that is accounted for using the LIFO or the retail inventory method, which will be measured under existing accounting standards. The new guidance must be applied on a prospective basis and was adopted on January 1, 2017 with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases on the balance sheet. A lessee should recognize in its balance sheet a liability to make lease payments and an asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The new standard is effective for the company on January 1, 2019. The amendments should be applied at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company will adopt the standard effective January 1, 2019 and has chosen to use the effective date as our date of initial application. Consequently, financial information will not be updated and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods prior to January 1, 2019. The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company has elected to apply the ‘package of practical expedients’ which allow us to not reassess i) whether existing or expired arrangements contain a lease, ii) the lease classification of existing or expired leases, or iii) whether previous initial direct costs would qualify for capitalization under the new lease standard. The Company has also elected to apply i) the practical expedient which allows us to not separate lease and non-lease components, and (2) the short-term lease exemption for all leases with an original term of less than 12 months, for purposes of applying the recognition and measurements requirements in the new standard. The Company expects that adoption of this standard will add an additional right to use asset of $1.0 million and an additional lease liability of $1.0 million The Company does not expect a material impact to the consolidated statement of operations or cash flows. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2016-02, the FASB issued ASUs 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842. This ASU does not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU 2016-02, instead this amendment is intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics included within the credit losses standard. This ASU will have the same effective date and transition requirements as ASU 2016-02.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This standard will supersede the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance. The standard requires an entity to recognize revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to receive in exchange for goods or services. In addition, during 2016, the FASB has issued ASU No. 2016-08, Principal versus Agent Considerations,” ASU No. 2016-10, “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” ASU No. 2016-12, “Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients,” and ASU No. 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” all of which clarify certain implementation guidance in ASU No. 2014-09. This standard along with the subsequent clarifications issued are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, making it effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted to the original effective date for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company has determined there will be no material changes to the consolidated financial statements with the exception of expanded disclosures on revenue to comply with the new ASU. The Company plans to use the modified retrospective method of adoption.