The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, their book value approximates their fair value. The Company’s financial instruments may include long-term debt, investments in equity securities, interest rate and cross-currency swaps, commodity derivative contracts and foreign currency derivative contracts. All derivative contracts are placed with counterparties that have an S&P, or equivalent, investment grade credit rating at the time of the contracts’ placement. An adjustment for non-performance risk is considered in the estimate of fair value in derivative assets based on the counterparty credit default swap (“CDS”) rate. When the Company is in a net derivative liability position, the non-performance risk adjustment is based on its CDS rate. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no derivative contracts that contained credit-risk-related contingent features.

The Company, at times, uses certain commodity derivative contracts to protect against commodity price changes related to forecasted raw material and component purchases. The Company had no outstanding commodity contracts at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Company manages its interest rate risk by assessing its exposure to fixed and variable rates while attempting to optimize its interest costs. The Company, at times, selectively uses interest rate swaps to reduce market value risk associated with changes in interest rates (fair value hedges and cash flow hedges). At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no outstanding interest rate swaps or options.

The Company uses foreign currency forward and option contracts to protect against exchange rate movements for forecasted cash flows, including capital expenditures, purchases, operating expenses or sales transactions designated in currencies other than the functional currency of the operating unit. In addition, the Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge exposure associated with its net investment in certain foreign operations (net investment hedges). Foreign currency derivative contracts require the Company, at a future date, to either buy or sell foreign currency in exchange for the operating units’ local currency. The following foreign currency derivative contracts were outstanding and mature through the ending duration noted below:

Foreign currency derivatives (in millions)1

Functional currency

Traded currency

Notional in traded currency
December 31, 2023

Notional in traded currency
December 31, 2022

Ending duration

British Pound

Euro

Dec-25

Chinese Renminbi

U.S. Dollar

209

276

Nov-25

Euro

British Pound

Jan-24

Euro

Hungarian Forint

8,233

—

Dec-25

Euro

Polish Zloty

573

440

Dec-25

Euro

U.S. Dollar

152

120

Dec-25

Euro

Swiss Franc

—

Dec-25

Thailand Baht

U.S. Dollar

—

Dec-24

U.S. Dollar

Chinese Renminbi

582

1,402

Jun-24

U.S. Dollar

Euro

Jan-24

U.S. Dollar

Korean Won

34,209

51,786

Nov-24

U.S. Dollar

Mexican Peso

3,280

2,474

Dec-25

U.S. Dollar

Thai Baht

2,100

—

Jun-24

The Company selectively uses cross-currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency exposure associated with its net investment in certain foreign operations (net investment hedges). At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the following cross-currency swap contracts were outstanding:


	Cross-currency swaps
(in millions)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Ending duration
U.S. Dollar to Euro:
Fixed receiving notional	$	1,100	$	1,100	Jul-27
Fixed paying notional	€	976	€	976	Jul-27
U.S. Dollar to Euro:
Fixed receiving notional	$	500	$	500	Mar-25
Fixed paying notional	€	450	€	450	Mar-25
U.S. Dollar to Japanese Yen:
Fixed receiving notional	$	100	$	100	Feb-29
Fixed paying notional	¥	12,724	¥	12,724	Feb-29

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the following amounts were recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as being payable to or receivable from counterparties under ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”:


(in millions)	Assets					Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments Under Topic 815:	Balance Sheet Location	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Balance Sheet Location	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Foreign currency	Prepayments and other current assets	$	30	$	9	Other current liabilities	$	2	$	8
Foreign currency	Other non-current assets	$	1	$	—	Other non-current liabilities	$	—	$	1
Net investment hedges	Other non-current assets	$	14	$	68	Other non-current liabilities	$	2	$	1

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency	Prepayments and other current assets	$	2	$	3	Other current liabilities	$	1	$	—

Effectiveness for cash flow hedges is assessed at the inception of the hedging relationship and quarterly, thereafter. Gains and losses arising from these contracts that are included in the assessment of effectiveness are deferred into accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) and reclassified into income as the underlying operating transactions are recognized. These realized gains or losses offset the hedged transaction and are recorded on the same line in the statement of operations. The initial value of any component excluded from the assessment of effectiveness will be recognized in income using a systematic and rational method over the life of the hedging instrument. Any difference between the change in fair value of the excluded component and amounts recognized in income under that systematic and rational method will be recognized in AOCI.

Effectiveness for net investment hedges is assessed at the inception of the hedging relationship and quarterly, thereafter. Gains and losses arising from these contracts that are included in the assessment of effectiveness are deferred into foreign currency translation adjustments and only released when the subsidiary being hedged is sold or substantially liquidated. The initial value of any component excluded from the assessment of effectiveness will be recognized in income using a systematic and rational method over the life of the hedging instrument. Any difference between the change in fair value of the excluded component and amounts recognized in income under that systematic and rational method will be recognized in AOCI.

The table below shows deferred gains (losses) reported in AOCI as well as the amount expected to be reclassified to income in one year or less for designated net investment hedges. The amount expected to be reclassified to income in one year or less assumes no change in the current relationship of the hedged item at December 31, 2023 market rates.


(in millions)	Deferred gain (loss) in AOCI at				Gain (loss) expected to be reclassified to income in one year or less
Contract Type	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022


Net investment hedges:
Foreign currency	$	—	$	(4)	$	—
Cross-currency swaps	12		67		—
Foreign currency-denominated debt	100		133		—
Total	$	112	$	196	$	—



	Year ended December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Net sales		Cost of sales		Selling, general and administrative expenses		Other comprehensive income
Total amounts of earnings and other comprehensive income line items in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded	$	14,198	$	11,630	$	1,316	$	48

Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Foreign currency
Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income							$	25



	Year ended December 31, 2022
(in millions)	Net sales		Cost of sales		Selling, general and administrative expenses		Other comprehensive income
Total amounts of earnings and other comprehensive income line items in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded	$	12,635	$	10,266	$	1,290	$	(325)

Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Foreign currency
Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income							$	4



	Year ended December 31, 2021
(in millions)	Net sales		Cost of sales		Selling, general and administrative expenses		Other comprehensive income
Total amounts of earnings and other comprehensive income line items in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded	$	11,803	$	9,630	$	1,085	$	100

Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Foreign currency
Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income							$	(4)
Gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to income	$	1	$	(4)	$	(1)	$	—

The gains or losses recorded in income related to components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness for derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges were immaterial for the periods presented.

Derivatives designated as net investment hedge instruments as defined by ASC Topic 815 held during the period resulted in the following gains recorded in Interest expense on components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness:

There were no gains or losses recorded in income related to components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness for foreign currency-denominated debt designated as net investment hedges. There were no gains or losses reclassified from AOCI for net investment hedges during the periods presented.

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are used to hedge remeasurement exposures of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the operating units' functional currency. These derivatives resulted in the following gains recorded in earnings, in the Consolidated Statement of Operations: