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OTHER OPERATING EXPENSE, NET
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
OTHER OPERATING EXPENSE, NET OTHER OPERATING EXPENSE, NET
Items included in Other operating expense, net consist of:
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)202320222021
Merger and acquisition expense, net$23 $9 $48 
Asset impairments and lease modifications29 30 — 
Gain on sale of assets(13)— — 
Spin-Off transition services income, net(10)— — 
(Gain) loss on sale of business(5)(13)29 
Other income, net(11)(4)(11)
Other operating expense, net$13 $22 $66 

Merger and acquisition expense, net: During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded merger and acquisition expense, net of $23 million, primarily related to professional fees for specific acquisition initiatives. This merger and acquisition expense, net included an $8 million loss related to a change in estimate of the expected earn-out estimate associated with the Santroll acquisition. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded merger and acquisition expense, net of $9 million, primarily related to professional fees for specific acquisition initiatives. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded merger and acquisition expense of $48 million, primarily for professional fees associated with the Company’s acquisition of AKASOL.

Asset impairments and lease modifications: During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded charges of $29 million, primarily related to the write down of a customer incentive asset, a service and lease agreement termination and impairment of certain property, plant and equipment. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $30 million to remove the AKASOL indefinite-lived trade name as the Company no longer plans to utilize this trade name in the business. Refer to Note 12 “Goodwill and Other Intangibles,” to the Consolidated Financial Statement for more information.

Gain on sale of assets: During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a $13 million gain on sale of fixed assets, primarily attributed to the sale of a European manufacturing facility and other fixed assets. The sale of the facility was pursuant to a formal restructuring plan.

Spin-Off transition services income, net: During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded other income in the amount of $10 million for net service reimbursements related to the Spin-Off. These services provided include information technology, human resources, finance, facilities, procurement, sales, intellectual properties and engineering. Refer to Note 26 - “Discontinued Operations,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
(Gain) loss on sale of business: During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a net gain on sales of businesses of $5 million. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a net gain on sales of businesses of $13 million, which included a $22 million gain related to the sale of its interest in BorgWarner Romeo Power LLC and a $9 million loss related to a change in estimate of the expected earn-out related to the divestiture of the Company’s Water Valley facility. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a pre-tax loss of $29 million, which included a $22 million loss in connection with the divestiture of the Company’s Water Valley facility and a $7 million loss on the sale of an ePropulsion technical center in Europe. Refer to Note 2 “Acquisitions and Dispositions,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.