Product Warranty

The Company provides warranties on some, but not all, of its products. The warranty terms are typically from one to three years. Provisions for estimated expenses related to product warranty are made at the time products are sold. These estimates are established using historical information about the nature, frequency and average cost of warranty claim settlements as well as product manufacturing and industry developments and recoveries from third parties. Management actively studies trends of warranty claims and takes action to improve product quality and minimize warranty claims. Management believes that the warranty accrual is appropriate; however, actual claims incurred could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to the accrual.

The following table summarizes the activity in the product warranty accrual accounts:



(in millions)	2016			2015
Beginning balance, January 1	$	107.9		$	132.0
Provisions	47.4			14.0
Acquisitions	6.9			(17.1		)
Liabilities held for sale	(9.2		)	—
Payments	(36.7		)	(39.5		)
Translation adjustment	2.1			(8.1		)
Ending balance, September 30	$	118.4		$	81.3

Acquisition activity in 2016 of $6.9 million relates to the Company's accrual for product issues that pre-dated the Company's 2015 acquisition of Remy.

Acquisition activity in 2015 of $17.1 million relates to the Company's settlement of a significant warranty claim associated with a product issue that pre-dated the Company's 2014 acquisition of Gustav Wahler GmbH u. Co. KG ("Wahler"). Including the impact of the reversal of a corresponding receivable, this settlement had an immaterial impact on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2015 and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.

The Company’s warranty provision as a percentage of net sales has increased from 0.2% as of September 30, 2015 to 0.7% as of September 30, 2016. This change is primarily related to the Company’s fourth quarter 2015 acquisition of Remy. Furthermore, the Company's 2016 provision includes a $5.2 million warranty reversal related to the expiration of a Remy light vehicle aftermarket customer contract.

The product warranty liability is classified in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:



	September 30,		December 31,
(in millions)	2016		2015
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	73.4	$	70.6
Other non-current liabilities	45.0		37.3
Total product warranty liability	$	118.4	$	107.9