OTHER EXPENSE, NET

Items included in other expense, net consist of:



	Year Ended December 31,
(millions of dollars)	2014			2013			2012
Restructuring expense	$	90.8		$	39.8		$	27.4
Intangible asset impairment	10.3			12.5			—
Pension settlement	3.1			—			—
Program termination agreement	—			11.3			—
Retirement related obligations	—			5.9			17.3
Loss from disposal activities	—			—			39.7
Other	(10.4		)	(6.9		)	0.3
Other expense, net	$	93.8		$	62.6		$	84.7

During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded restructuring expense of $90.8 million and $39.8 million, respectively, primarily related to Drivetrain and Engine segment actions designed to improve future profitability and competitiveness. See the Restructuring footnote to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of these expenses.

During the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recorded intangible asset impairment losses of $10.3 million related to Engine segment unamortized trade names. Additionally, during the fourth quarter of 2013, the Company recorded intangible asset impairment losses of $12.5 million related to Drivetrain segment customer relationships and an Engine segment unamortized trade name.

During the third quarter of 2014, the Company discharged certain U.S. pension plan obligations by making lump-sum payments to former employees of the Company. As a result of this action, the Company recorded a settlement loss of $3.1 million in the U.S. pension plan.

During the first quarter of 2013, the Company recorded an $11.3 million expense related to a program termination agreement, which was paid in 2013.

During the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company waived the forfeiture provision associated with future restricted stock grants made to certain retiring Named Executive Officers ("NEOs"). The Company recorded a $5.9 million retirement related obligation primarily related to a first quarter 2013 grant of restricted stock awards to these NEOs.

During the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company recorded retirement related obligations of $17.3 million comprised of a $5.7 million loss resulting from the settlement of a portion of the Muncie Plant's pension obligation and an $11.6 million expense associated with the retirement of certain NEOs. Refer to the Retirement Benefit Plans and Stock-Based Compensation footnotes for further information regarding the Muncie Plant's settlement loss and the Company's decision to waive the forfeiture provisions of existing restricted stock and performance share grants made to certain retiring NEOs.

During the second and third quarters of 2012, the Company incurred $39.7 million in expense associated with the loss on sale of the spark plug business, primarily related to the write-down of prior purchase price accounting adjustments included within the disposal group. These purchase price accounting adjustments were originally reported in the Engine segment and related to the BERU acquisition. The Company also recorded restructuring expense of $27.4 million in the third quarter of 2012 primarily associated with the disposal and future requirements of BERU's on-going business, which included $9.0 million of employee termination benefits, $6.3 million of contract cancellation costs and $12.1 million of other charges, primarily related to the write-down of certain assets.