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Leases
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]  
Leases

8.

Leases

Lessor Accounting

The Company is the lessor for its residential and non-residential leases and these leases will continue to be accounted for as operating leases under the lease standard as described in Note 2.

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, approximately 98% and 97%, respectively, of the Company’s total lease revenue is generated from residential apartment leases that are generally twelve months or less in length.  The residential apartment leases may include lease income related to such items as utility recoveries, parking, storage and pet rent that the Company treats as a

single lease component because the amenities cannot be leased on their own and the timing and pattern of revenue recognition are the same.  The collection of lease payments at lease commencement is probable and therefore the Company subsequently recognizes lease income over the lease term on a straight-line basis.  Residential leases are renewable upon consent of both parties on an annual or monthly basis.

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, approximately 2% and 3%, respectively, of the Company’s total lease revenue is generated by non-residential leases that are generally for terms ranging between five to ten years.  The non-residential leases generally consist of ground floor retail spaces and master-leased parking garages that serve as additional amenities for our residents.  The non-residential leases may include lease income related to such items as utility recoveries, parking rent and storage rent that the Company treats as a single lease component because the amenities cannot be leased on their own and the timing and pattern of revenue recognition are the same.  The collection of lease payments at lease commencement is probable and therefore the Company subsequently recognizes lease income over the lease term on a straight-line basis.  Non-residential leases are renewable with market-based renewal options.

The Company elected the practical expedient to account for both its lease and non-lease components (specifically common area maintenance charges) as a single lease component under the lease standard.  

The following table presents the lease income types relating to lease payments for residential and non-residential leases along with the total other rental income for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2020

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2019

 

Income Type

 

Residential

Leases

 

 

Non-Residential

Leases

 

 

Total

 

 

Residential

Leases

 

 

Non-Residential

Leases

 

 

Total

 

Residential and non-residential rent

 

$

2,336,778

 

 

$

51,663

 

 

$

2,388,441

 

 

$

2,414,201

 

 

$

71,988

 

 

$

2,486,189

 

Utility recoveries (RUBS income) (1)

 

 

70,699

 

 

 

677

 

 

 

71,376

 

 

 

67,659

 

 

 

917

 

 

 

68,576

 

Parking rent

 

 

38,743

 

 

 

412

 

 

 

39,155

 

 

 

37,557

 

 

 

348

 

 

 

37,905

 

Storage rent

 

 

3,674

 

 

 

84

 

 

 

3,758

 

 

 

3,745

 

 

 

71

 

 

 

3,816

 

Pet rent

 

 

11,457

 

 

 

 

 

 

11,457

 

 

 

11,617

 

 

 

 

 

 

11,617

 

Total lease revenue

 

$

2,461,351

 

 

$

52,836

 

 

 

2,514,187

 

 

$

2,534,779

 

 

$

73,324

 

 

 

2,608,103

 

Parking revenue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

22,210

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

28,272

 

Other revenue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

35,308

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

64,316

 

Total other rental income (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

57,518

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

92,588

 

Rental income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

2,571,705

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

2,700,691

 

 

(1)

RUBS income primarily consists of variable payments representing the recovery of utility costs from residents.

(2)

Other rental income is accounted for under the revenue recognition standard.    

The economic impact of the pandemic on a subset of our residents and tenants has led to elevated levels of bad debt.  We continue to work with our residents and tenants on payment plans and collections and our bad debt allowance policies remain consistent.

The following table presents residential and non-residential accounts receivable and straight-line receivable balances for the Company’s properties as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

 

 

 

Residential

 

 

Non-Residential

 

Balance Sheet (Other assets):

 

December 31, 2020

 

 

December 31, 2019

 

 

December 31, 2020

 

 

December 31, 2019

 

Resident/tenant accounts receivable balances

 

$

30,856

 

 

$

4,040

 

 

$

7,598

 

 

$

1,766

 

Allowance for doubtful accounts

 

 

(24,021

)

 

 

(1,190

)

 

 

(6,527

)

 

 

(1,412

)

Net receivable balances

 

$

6,835

 

(1)

$

2,850

 

 

$

1,071

 

 

$

354

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Straight-line receivable balances

 

$

19,992

 

 

$

1,841

 

 

$

13,413

 

 

$

26,450

 

 

(1)

The Company held residential security deposits approximating 31.6% of the net receivable balance at December 31, 2020.

The following table presents residential bad debt for the Company’s properties for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

Income Statement (Rental income):

 

 

2020

 

 

 

2019

 

Bad debt, net

 

$

42,505

 

 

$

12,067

 

% of rental income

 

 

1.7

%

 

 

0.5

%

 

Due to the impact of COVID-19 and the resulting economic impact on our non-residential tenants, rental revenues declined as a result of a non-cash write-off of non-residential straight-line lease receivables of $13.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2020.  In addition, rental revenues declined by $7.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 as a result of rent payment deferrals/abatements granted to our non-residential tenants.

Lessee Accounting

The Company is the lessee under various corporate office and ground leases for which the Company recognized ROU assets and related lease liabilities effective January 1, 2019.  The following table presents the Company’s ROU assets and related lease liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):  

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

Right-of-use assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate office leases (operating)

 

$

39,203

 

 

$

41,596

 

Ground leases (finance)

 

 

57,584

 

 

 

57,982

 

Ground leases (operating)

 

 

402,500

 

 

 

413,196

 

Right-of-use assets

 

$

499,287

 

 

$

512,774

 

Lease liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate office leases (operating)

 

$

40,470

 

 

$

43,105

 

Ground leases (finance)

 

 

23,350

 

 

 

23,239

 

Ground leases (operating)

 

 

265,310

 

 

 

264,990

 

Lease liabilities

 

$

329,130

 

 

$

331,334

 

 

As the standard requires the recognition of a liability for the lease obligation, discount rates are used to determine the net present value of the lease payments.  The discount rate for the lease is the rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the incremental borrowing rate.  As the Company does not know the amount of the lessors’ initial direct costs, it cannot readily determine the rate implicit in the lease and instead must apply the incremental borrowing rate.  The Company has estimated the discount rate ranges of 3.3% to 3.9% for corporate office leases and 4.4% to 5.5% for ground leases at adoption.  Since the Company’s credit backs the corporate office lease obligations and the lease terms are generally ten years or less, the discount rate range was estimated by using the Company’s borrowing rates for actual pricing data.  The discount rate range for ground leases takes into account various factors, including the longer life of the ground leases, and was estimated by using the Company’s borrowing rates for actual pricing data through 30 years and other long-term market rates.  

Corporate office leases

The Company leases nine corporate offices with lease expiration dates ranging from 2021 through 2042 (inclusive of applicable extension options).  See Note 15 for details on a corporate office lease with a related party.

Ground leases

The Company maintains long-term ground leases for 14 operating properties and two projects under development with lease expiration dates ranging from 2042 through 2118 (inclusive of applicable purchase options).  The Company owns the building and improvements.

Additional disclosures

 

The following tables illustrate the quantitative disclosures for lessees as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

 

 

 

Year Ended

December 31, 2020

 

 

Year Ended

December 31, 2019

 

Lease cost:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Finance lease cost:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amortization of right-of-use assets

 

$

 

 

$

 

Interest on lease liabilities (capitalized)

 

 

1,029

 

 

 

225

 

Operating lease cost:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate office leases

 

 

3,747

 

 

 

3,937

 

Ground leases

 

 

22,102

 

 

 

22,198

 

Variable lease cost:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate office leases

 

 

1,307

 

 

 

1,489

 

Ground leases

 

 

3,304

 

 

 

3,700

 

Total lease cost

 

$

31,489

 

 

$

31,549

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2020

 

 

December 31, 2019

 

Other information:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investing cash flows from finance leases (capitalized)

 

$

567

 

 

$

34,922

 

Operating cash flows from operating leases:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate office leases

 

$

5,296

 

 

$

5,494

 

Ground leases

 

$

16,552

 

 

$

16,837

 

ROU assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities

 

$

 

 

$

23,201

 

ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate office leases

 

$

 

 

$

44,298

 

Ground leases

 

$

 

 

$

422,018

 

Weighted-average remaining lease term – finance leases (1)

 

18.7 years

 

 

19.7 years

 

Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate office leases

 

17.4 years

 

 

18.1 years

 

Ground leases

 

55.3 years

 

 

56.2 years

 

Weighted-average discount rate – finance leases

 

 

3.0

%

 

 

3.0

%

Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate office leases

 

 

3.2

%

 

 

3.2

%

Ground leases

 

 

5.0

%

 

 

5.0

%

 

(1)

The weighted-average remaining lease term – finance leases does not include the remaining term of a fully prepaid finance lease entered into during the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes the Company’s undiscounted cash flows for contractual obligations for minimum rent payments/receipts under operating and financing leases for the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2020:

 

(Payments)/Receipts Due by Year (in thousands)

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2022

 

 

2023

 

 

2024

 

 

2025

 

 

Thereafter

 

 

Total

 

Finance Leases:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Minimum Rent Payments (a)

 

$

(578

)

 

$

(590

)

 

$

(601

)

 

$

(614

)

 

$

(626

)

 

$

(33,224

)

 

$

(36,233

)

Operating Leases:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Minimum Rent Payments (a)

 

$

(17,160

)

 

$

(16,906

)

 

$

(16,997

)

 

$

(17,329

)

 

$

(17,375

)

 

$

(954,108

)

 

$

(1,039,875

)

Minimum Rent Receipts (b)

 

$

59,430

 

 

$

54,656

 

 

$

51,091

 

 

$

45,166

 

 

$

38,847

 

 

$

126,732

 

 

$

375,922

 

 

(a)

Minimum basic rent due for corporate office leases and base rent due on ground leases where the Company is the lessee.

(b)

Minimum basic rent receipts due for various non-residential space where the Company is the lessor.  Excludes residential leases due to their short-term nature.

The following table provides a reconciliation of lease liabilities from our undiscounted cash flows for minimum rent payments as of December 31, 2020 (amounts in thousands):

 

 

 

2020

 

Total minimum rent payments

 

$

1,076,108

 

Less: Lease discount

 

 

746,978

 

Lease liabilities

 

$

329,130