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Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2016
Notes to Financial Statements  
Loans, Notes, Trade and Other Receivables Disclosure [Text Block]
NOTE 4:      LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
 
At June 30, 2016, the Company’s loan portfolio was $5.014 billion, compared to $4.919 billion at December 31, 2015.  The various categories of loans are summarized as follows:
 
(In thousands)   June 30,
2016
  December 31,
2015
                 
Consumer:                
Credit cards   $ 171,468     $ 177,288  
Other consumer     248,018       208,380  
Total consumer     419,486       385,668  
Real Estate:                
Construction     330,666       279,740  
Single family residential     785,289       696,180  
Other commercial     1,414,663       1,229,072  
Total real estate     2,530,618       2,204,992  
Commercial:                
Commercial     577,771       500,116  
Agricultural     187,047       148,563  
Total commercial     764,818       648,679  
Other     10,500       7,115  
Loans     3,725,422       3,246,454  
Loans acquired, net of discount and allowance
(1)
    1,288,435       1,672,901  
Total loans   $ 5,013,857     $ 4,919,355  
______________________
 (1)
See Note 5, Loans Acquired, for segregation of loans acquired by loan class.
 
Loan Origination/Risk Management
– The Company seeks to manage its credit risk by diversifying its loan portfolio, determining that borrowers have adequate sources of cash flow for loan repayment without liquidation of collateral; obtaining and monitoring collateral; providing an adequate allowance for loans losses by regularly reviewing loans through the internal loan review process.  The loan portfolio is diversified by borrower, purpose and industry.  The Company seeks to use diversification within the loan portfolio to reduce its credit risk, thereby minimizing the adverse impact on the portfolio, if weaknesses develop in either the economy or a particular segment of borrowers.  Collateral requirements are based on credit assessments of borrowers and may be used to recover the debt in case of default.  Furthermore, a factor that influenced the Company’s judgment regarding the allowance for loan losses consists of a five-year historical loss average segregated by each primary loan sector.  On an annual basis, historical loss rates are calculated for each sector.
 
Consumer
– The consumer loan portfolio consists of credit card loans and other consumer loans.  Credit card loans are diversified by geographic region to reduce credit risk and minimize any adverse impact on the portfolio. Although they are regularly reviewed to facilitate the identification and monitoring of creditworthiness, credit card loans are unsecured loans, making them more susceptible to be impacted by economic downturns resulting in increasing unemployment.  Other consumer loans include direct and indirect installment loans and overdrafts.  Loans in this portfolio segment are sensitive to unemployment and other key consumer economic measures.
 
Real estate
– The real estate loan portfolio consists of construction loans, single family residential loans and commercial loans.  Construction and development loans (“C&D”) and commercial real estate loans (“CRE”) can be particularly sensitive to valuation of real estate.  Commercial real estate cycles are inevitable.  The long planning and production process for new properties and rapid shifts in business conditions and employment create an inherent tension between supply and demand for commercial properties.  While general economic trends often move individual markets in the same direction over time, the timing and magnitude of changes are determined by other forces unique to each market.  CRE cycles tend to be local in nature and longer than other credit cycles.  Factors influencing the CRE market are traditionally different from those affecting residential real estate markets; thereby making predictions for one market based on the other difficult.  Additionally, submarkets within commercial real estate – such as office, industrial, apartment, retail and hotel – also experience different cycles, providing an opportunity to lower the overall risk through diversification across types of CRE loans.  Management realizes that local demand and supply conditions will also mean that different geographic areas will experience cycles of different amplitude and length.  The Company monitors these loans closely.
 
Commercial
– The commercial loan portfolio includes commercial and agricultural loans, representing loans to commercial customers and farmers for use in normal business or farming operations to finance working capital needs, equipment purchase or other expansion projects.  Collection risk in this portfolio is driven by the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, particularly cash flow from customers’ business or farming operations.  The Company continues its efforts to keep loan terms short, reducing the negative impact of upward movement in interest rates.  Term loans are generally set up with one or three year balloons, and the Company has recently instituted a pricing mechanism for commercial loans.  It is standard practice to require personal guaranties on all commercial loans, particularly as they relate to closely-held or limited liability entities.
 
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
– Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due.  Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions.  Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due.  When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due.  Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
 
Nonaccrual loans, excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans, are as follows:
 
(In thousands)   June 30,
2016
  December 31,
2015
                 
Consumer:                
Credit cards   $ 266     $ 212  
Other consumer     1,205       442  
Total consumer     1,471       654  
Real estate:                
Construction     5,312       4,955  
Single family residential     10,353       5,453  
Other commercial     21,522       4,420  
Total real estate     37,187       14,828  
Commercial:                
Commercial     2,985       1,968  
Agricultural     1,662       264  
Total commercial     4,647       2,232  
Total   $ 43,305     $ 17,714  
 
An age analysis of past due loans, excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans, is as follows:
 
(In thousands)   Gross
30-89 Days
Past Due
  90 Days
or More
Past Due
  Total
Past Due
  Current   Total
Loans
  90 Days
Past Due &
Accruing
                                                 
June 30, 2016                                                
Consumer:                                                
Credit cards   $ 631     $ 434     $ 1,065     $ 170,403     $ 171,468     $ 168  
Other consumer     1,529       800       2,329       245,689       248,018       36  
Total consumer     2,160       1,234       3,394       416,092       419,486       204  
Real estate:                                                
Construction     761       2,413       3,174       327,492       330,666       -  
Single family residential     5,034       5,430       10,464       774,825       785,289       23  
Other commercial     3,267       3,441       6,708       1,407,955       1,414,663       -  
Total real estate     9,062       11,284       20,346       2,510,272       2,530,618       23  
Commercial:                                                
Commercial     2,712       1,120       3,832       573,939       577,771       -  
Agricultural     1,189       840       2,029       185,018       187,047       -  
Total commercial     3,901       1,960       5,861       758,957       764,818       -  
Other     -       -       -       10,500       10,500       -  
Total   $ 15,123     $ 14,478     $ 29,601     $ 3,695,821     $ 3,725,422     $ 227  
                                                 
December 31, 2015                                                
Consumer:                                                
Credit cards   $ 639     $ 479     $ 1,118     $ 176,170     $ 177,288     $ 267  
Other consumer     1,879       648       2,527       205,853       208,380       374  
Total consumer     2,518       1,127       3,645       382,023       385,668       641  
Real estate:                                                
Construction     1,328       4,511       5,839       273,901       279,740       -  
Single family residential     4,856       3,342       8,198       687,982       696,180       364  
Other commercial     869       3,302       4,171       1,224,901       1,229,072       25  
Total real estate     7,053       11,155       18,208       2,186,784       2,204,992       389  
Commercial:                                                
Commercial     3,427       637       4,064       496,052       500,116       90  
Agricultural     285       243       528       148,035       148,563       56  
Total commercial     3,712       880       4,592       644,087       648,679       146  
Other     108       93       201       6,914       7,115       15  
Total   $ 13,391     $ 13,255     $ 26,646     $ 3,219,808     $ 3,246,454     $ 1,191  
 
Impaired Loans
– A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will not receive all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loans, including scheduled principal and interest payments.  This includes loans that are delinquent 90 days or more, nonaccrual loans and certain other loans identified by management.  Certain other loans identified by management consist of performing loans with specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses. Impaired loans are carried at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.  
 
Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature and on an individual loan basis for other loans.  Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged-off when deemed uncollectible.
 
Impaired loans, net of government guarantees and excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans, are as follows:
 
(In thousands)   Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance   Recorded Investment With No Allowance   Recorded Investment With Allowance   Total Recorded Investment   Related Allowance   Average Investment in Impaired Loans   Interest Income Recognized   Average Investment in Impaired Loans   Interest Income Recognized
June 30, 2016
                      Three Months Ended
June 30, 2016
  Six Months Ended
June 30, 2016
Consumer:                                                                        
Credit cards   $ 433     $ 433     $ -     $ 433     $ -     $ 216     $ -     $ 304     $ 10  
Other consumer     1,257       1,225       17       1,242       6       841       12       708       18  
Total consumer     1,690       1,658       17       1,675       6       1,057       12       1,012       28  
Real estate:                                                                        
Construction     6,209       2,414       2,898       5,312       155       5,089       61       5,044       126  
Single family residential     10,879       8,946       1,510       10,456       115       9,032       110       7,904       197  
Other commercial     22,990       7,484       14,393       21,877       2,810       19,976       220       14,789       370  
Total real estate     40,078       18,844       18,801       37,645       3,080       34,097       391       27,737       693  
Commercial:                                                                        
Commercial     4,116       2,477       369       2,846       63       2,539       31       2,355       59  
Agricultural     2,634       1,625       -       1,625       -       1,084       15       810       20  
Total commercial     6,750       4,102       369       4,471       63       3,623       46       3,165       79  
Total   $ 48,518     $ 24,604     $ 19,187     $ 43,791     $ 3,149     $ 38,777     $ 449     $ 31,914     $ 800  
                                                         
December 31, 2015                                             Three Months Ended
June 30, 2015
      Six Months Ended
June 30, 2015
 
Consumer:                                                                        
Credit cards   $ 479     $ 479     $ -     $ 479     $ 7     $ 459     $ 7     $ 372     $ 12  
Other consumer     459       423       19       442       85       538       11       565       19  
Total consumer     938       902       19       921       92       997       18       937       31  
Real estate:                                                                        
Construction     5,678       1,636       3,318       4,954       441       5,066       107       5,717       197  
Single family residential     5,938       4,702       945       5,647       1,034       5,251       93       4,942       170  
Other commercial     5,688       4,328       88       4,416       832       3,104       48       2,563       88  
Total real estate     17,304       10,666       4,351       15,017       2,307       13,421       248       13,222       455  
Commercial:                                                                        
Commercial     2,656       1,654       334       1,988       387       2,054       29       1,558       54  
Agricultural     264       264       -       264       45       166       5       264       9  
Total commercial     2,920       1,918       334       2,252       432       2,220       34       1,822       63  
Total   $ 21,162     $ 13,486     $ 4,704     $ 18,190     $ 2,831     $ 16,638     $ 300     $ 15,981     $ 549  
 
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, impaired loans, net of government guarantees and excluding loans acquired, totaled $43.8 million and $18.2 million, respectively.  Allocations of the allowance for loan losses relative to impaired loans were $3.1 million and $2.8 million at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Approximately $449,000 and $800,000 of interest income was recognized on average impaired loans of $38.8 million and $31.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.  Interest income recognized on impaired loans on a cash basis during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was not material.
 
Included in certain impaired loan categories are troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”).  When the Company restructures a loan to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty and grants a concession that it would not otherwise consider, a “troubled debt restructuring” results and the Company classifies the loan as a TDR.  The Company grants various types of concessions, primarily interest rate reduction and/or payment modifications or extensions, with an occasional forgiveness of principal.
 
Under ASC Topic 310-10-35 –
Subsequent Measurement
, a TDR is considered to be impaired, and an impairment analysis must be performed.  The Company assesses the exposure for each modification, either by collateral discounting or by calculation of the present value of future cash flows, and determines if a specific allocation to the allowance for loan losses is needed.
 
Once an obligation has been restructured because of such credit problems, it continues to be considered a TDR until paid in full; or, if an obligation yields a market interest rate and no longer has any concession regarding payment amount or amortization, then it is not considered a TDR at the beginning of the calendar year after the year in which the improvement takes place.  The Company returns TDRs to accrual status only if (1) all contractual amounts due can reasonably be expected to be repaid within a prudent period, and (2) repayment has been in accordance with the contract for a sustained period, typically at least six months.
 
The following table presents a summary of troubled debt restructurings, excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans.
 
    Accruing TDR Loans   Nonaccrual TDR Loans   Total TDR Loans
(Dollars in thousands)   Number   Balance   Number   Balance   Number   Balance
                         
June 30, 2016                                                
Consumer:                                                
Other consumer     --     $ --       2     $ 15       2     $ 15  
Total consumer     --       --       2       15       2       15  
Real estate:                                                
Construction     --       --       1       139       1       139  
Single-family residential     3       184       18       1,870       21       2,054  
Other commercial     25       10,302       2       1,769       27       12,071  
Total real estate     28       10,486       21       3,778       49       14,264  
Commercial:                                                
Commercial     10       401       5       312       15       713  
Total commercial     10       401       5       312       15       713  
Total     38     $ 10,887       28     $ 4,105       66     $ 14,992  
                                                 
December 31, 2015                                                
Consumer:                                                
Other consumer     --     $ --       1     $ 13       1     $ 13  
Total consumer     --       --       1       13       1       13  
Real estate:                                                
Construction     --       --       1       253       1       253  
Single-family residential     2       137       11       1,335       13       1,472  
Other commercial     4       2,894       1       597       5       3,491  
Total real estate     6       3,031       13       2,185       19       5,216  
Commercial:                                                
Commercial     --       --       5       332       5       332  
Total commercial     --       --       5       332       5       332  
Total     6     $ 3,031       19     $ 2,530       25     $ 5,561  
 
The following table presents loans that were restructured as TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans.
 
                Modification Type    
(Dollars in thousands)   Number of
Loans
  Balance Prior
to TDR
  Balance at
June 30
  Change in
Maturity
Date
  Change in
Rate
  Financial Impact
on Date of
Restructure
                         
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016                                                
Consumer:                                                
Other consumer     1     $ 3     $ 3     $ 3     $ --     $ --  
Total consumer     1       3       3       3       --       --  
Real Estate:                                                
Single-family residential     7       618       615       61       554       --  
Other commercial     1       348       364       --       364       --  
Total real estate     8       966       979       61       918       --  
Commercial:                                                
Commercial     9       426       399       399       --       --  
Total commercial     9       426       399       399       --       --  
Total     18     $ 1,395     $ 1,381     $ 463     $ 918     $ --  
                                                 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015                                                
Real Estate:                                                
Single-family residential     4     $ 361     $ 361     $ 361     $ --     $ --  
Other commercial     1       19       19       19       --       --  
Total real estate     5       380       380       380       --       --  
Total     5     $ 380     $ 380     $ 380     $ --     $ --  
                                                 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016                                                
Consumer:                                                
Other consumer     1     $ 3     $ 3     $ 3     $ --     $ --  
Total consumer     1       3       3       3       --       --  
Real estate:                                                
Single-family residential     9       796       793       239       554       --  
Other commercial     25       8,962       8,931       8,567       364       --  
Total real estate     34       9,758       9,724       8,806       918       --  
Commercial:                                                
Commercial     11       600       572       572       --       --  
Total commercial     11       600       572       572       --       --  
Total     46     $ 10,361     $ 10,299     $ 9,381     $ 918     $ --  
                                                 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015                                                
Real estate:                                                
Single-family residential     6     $ 709     $ 701     $ 701     $ --     $ --  
Other commercial     1       19       19       19       --       --  
Total real estate     7       728       720       720       --       --  
Total     7     $ 728     $ 720     $ 720     $ --     $ --  
 
During the three months ended June 30, 2016, the Company modified 18 loans with a recorded investment of $1.4 million prior to modification which were deemed troubled debt restructuring.  The restructured loans were modified by deferring amortized principal payments, changing the maturity date, changing the interest rate and requiring interest only payments for a period of 12 months.  Based on the fair value of the collateral, a specific reserve of $31,000 was determined necessary for these loans.  Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of these loans, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure.
 
During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company modified 46 loans with a recorded investment of $10.4 million prior to modification which was deemed troubled debt restructuring. The restructured loans were modified by deferring amortized principal payments, changing the maturity date, changing the interest rate and requiring interest only payments for a period of 12 months. Based on the fair value of the collateral, a specific reserve of $324,000 was determined necessary for these loans. Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of these loans, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure.
 
During the three months ended June 30, 2015, the Company modified five loans with a recorded investment of $380,000 and during the six months ended June 30, 2015, the Company modified seven loans with a total recorded investment of $728,000 prior to modification which were deemed troubled debt restructuring.  The restructured loans were modified by changing various terms, including changing the maturity date, deferring amortized principal payments and requiring interest only payments for a period of 12 months.  Based on the fair value of the collateral, no specific reserve was determined necessary for these loans.  Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of these loans, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure.
 
There were no loans for which a payment default occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, and that had been modified as a TDR within 12 months or less of the payment default, excluding loans acquired.  We define a payment default as a payment received more than 90 days after its due date.
 
In addition to the TDRs that occurred during the period provided in the preceding tables, the Company had TDRs with pre-modification loan balances of $166,500 and $4.8 million at June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, for which other real estate owned (“OREO”) was received in full or partial satisfaction of the loans. The majority of such TDRs were in commercial real estate and residential real estate. At June 30, 2016, the Company had $2,215,000 of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process. At June 30, 2016, the Company had $5,648,000 of OREO secured by residential real estate properties.
 
Credit Quality Indicators
– As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to (i) the weighted-average risk rating of commercial and real estate loans, (ii) the level of classified commercial and real estate loans, (iii) net charge-offs, (iv) non-performing loans (see details above) and (v) the general economic conditions in the States of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Tennessee.
 
The Company utilizes a risk rating matrix to assign a risk rate to each of its commercial and real estate loans. Loans are rated on a scale of 1 to 8.  A description of the general characteristics of the 8 risk ratings is as follows:
 
·
Risk Rate 1 – Pass (Excellent)
– This category includes loans which are virtually free of credit risk.  Borrowers in this category represent the highest credit quality and greatest financial strength.
 
·
Risk Rate 2 – Pass (Good)
- Loans under this category possess a nominal risk of default.  This category includes borrowers with strong financial strength and superior financial ratios and trends.  These loans are generally fully secured by cash or equivalents (other than those rated "excellent”).
 
·
Risk Rate 3 – Pass (Acceptable – Average)
- Loans in this category are considered to possess a normal level of risk.  Borrowers in this category have satisfactory financial strength and adequate cash flow coverage to service debt requirements.  If secured, the perfected collateral should be of acceptable quality and within established borrowing parameters.
 
·
Risk Rate 4 – Pass (Monitor)
- Loans in the Watch (Monitor) category exhibit an overall acceptable level of risk, but that risk may be increased by certain conditions, which represent "red flags".  These "red flags" require a higher level of supervision or monitoring than the normal "Pass" rated credit.  The borrower may be experiencing these conditions for the first time, or it may be recovering from weakness, which at one time justified a harsher rating.  These conditions may include: weaknesses in financial trends; marginal cash flow; one-time negative operating results; non-compliance with policy or borrowing agreements; poor diversity in operations; lack of adequate monitoring information or lender supervision; questionable management ability/stability.
 
·
Risk Rate 5 – Special Mention
- A loan in this category has potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution's credit position at some future date.  Special Mention loans are not adversely classified (although they are "criticized") and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.  Borrowers may be experiencing adverse operating trends, or an ill-proportioned balance sheet.  Non-financial characteristics of a Special Mention rating may include management problems, pending litigation, a non-existent, or ineffective loan agreement or other material structural weakness, and/or other significant deviation from prudent lending practices.
 
·
Risk Rate 6 – Substandard
- A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any.  Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt.  The loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.  This does not imply ultimate loss of the principal, but may involve burdensome administrative expenses and the accompanying cost to carry the loan.
 
·
Risk Rate 7 – Doubtful
– A loan classified Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan except that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full (on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values) highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity, or capital, and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity.  The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of specific pending events that may strengthen the asset, its classification as loss is deferred.  Pending factors include: proposed merger or acquisition; liquidation procedures; capital injection; perfection of liens on additional collateral; and refinancing plans.  Loans classified as Doubtful are placed on nonaccrual status.
 
·
Risk Rate 8 – Loss
- Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted.  This classification does not mean that the loans has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless loan, even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.  Borrowers in the Loss category are often in bankruptcy, have formally suspended debt repayments, or have otherwise ceased normal business operations.  Loans should be classified as Loss and charged-off in the period in which they become uncollectible.
 
Loans acquired are evaluated using this internal grading system. Loans acquired are evaluated individually and include purchased credit impaired loans of $20.7 million and $23.5 million that are accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 and are classified as substandard (Risk Rating 6) as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Of the remaining loans acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-20, $36.0 million and $49.9 million were classified (Risk Ratings 6, 7 and 8 – see classified loans discussion below) at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
 
Loans acquired, covered by loss share agreements, had additional protection provided by the FDIC prior to the termination of the loss share agreements. During the 2014 quarterly impairment testing on the estimated cash flows of the credit impaired loans, the Company established that some of the loans covered by loss share from our FDIC-assisted transactions had experienced material projected credit deterioration. As a result, the Company established a $954,000 allowance for loan losses on covered loans by recording a provision for loan losses of $0.4 million (net of FDIC-loss share adjustments) during the period ended December 31, 2014. There was no further projected credit deterioration and no addition to the allowance for covered loans during 2015. The $954,000 allowance was reclassified to allowance on acquired non-covered loans subsequent to the agreement with the FDIC to terminate the loss share agreements. See Note 5, Loans Acquired, for further discussion of the acquired loans and loss sharing agreements.
 
Purchased credit impaired loans are loans that showed evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts contractually owed. Their fair value was initially based on the estimate of cash flows, both principal and interest, expected to be collected or estimated collateral values if cash flows are not estimable, discounted at prevailing market rates of interest. The difference between the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the fair value at acquisition is recognized as interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loan. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition are not recognized as a yield adjustment. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the initial investment are recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield on the loan over its remaining life. Decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairment.
 
Classified loans for the Company include loans in Risk Ratings 6, 7 and 8.  Loans may be classified, but not considered impaired, due to one of the following reasons:  (1) The Company has established minimum dollar amount thresholds for loan impairment testing.  Loans rated 6 – 8 that fall under the threshold amount are not tested for impairment and therefore are not included in impaired loans.  (2) Of the loans that are above the threshold amount and tested for impairment, after testing, some are considered to not be impaired and are not included in impaired loans.  Total classified loans, excluding loans accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30, were $161.4 million and $153.7 million, as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
 
The following table presents a summary of loans by credit risk rating as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, segregated by class of loans. Loans accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 are all included in Risk Rate 1-4 in this table.
 
(In thousands)   Risk Rate
1-4
  Risk Rate
5
  Risk Rate
6
  Risk Rate
7
  Risk Rate
8
  Total
                         
June 30, 2016                                                
Consumer:                                                
Credit cards   $ 171,035     $ --     $ 433     $ --     $ --     $ 171,468  
Other consumer     246,491       44       1,463       20       --       248,018  
Total consumer     417,526       44       1,896       20       --       419,486  
Real estate:                                                
Construction     319,592       103       10,955       16       --       330,666  
Single family residential     761,813       3,605       19,707       164       --       785,289  
Other commercial     1,351,541       7,127       55,995       --       --       1,414,663  
Total real estate     2,432,946       10,835       86,657       180       --       2,530,618  
Commercial:                                                
Commercial     558,439       5,140       14,162       30       --       577,771  
Agricultural     185,028       228       1,791       --       --       187,047  
Total commercial     743,467       5,368       15,953       30       --       764,818  
Other     10,500       --       --       --       --       10,500  
Loans acquired     1,212,261       19,520       54,740       1,914       --       1,288,435  
Total   $ 4,816,700     $ 35,767     $ 159,246     $ 2,144     $ --     $ 5,013,857  
 
 
(In thousands)   Risk Rate
1-4
  Risk Rate
5
  Risk Rate
6
  Risk Rate
7
  Risk Rate
8
  Total
                         
December 31, 2015                                                
Consumer:                                                
Credit cards   $ 176,809     $ --     $ 479     $ --     $ --     $ 177,288  
Other consumer     207,069       --       1,262       49       --       208,380  
Total consumer     383,878       --       1,741       49       --       385,668  
Real estate:                                                
Construction     270,386       319       9,019       16       --       279,740  
Single family residential     679,484       2,701       13,824       171       --       696,180  
Other commercial     1,178,817       5,404       44,261       590       --       1,229,072  
Total real estate     2,128,687       8,424       67,104       777       --       2,204,992  
Commercial:                                                
Commercial     487,563       2,760       9,787       6       --       500,116  
Agricultural     147,788       --       775       --       --       148,563  
Total commercial     635,351       2,760       10,562       6       --       648,679  
Other     7,022       --       93       --       --       7,115  
Loans acquired     1,590,384       9,150       69,219       3,689       459       1,672,901  
Total   $ 4,745,322     $ 20,334     $ 148,719     $ 4,521     $ 459     $ 4,919,355  
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
– The allowance for loan losses is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of probable losses that have been incurred within the existing portfolio of loans. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company’s allowance for loan loss methodology includes allowance allocations calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 310-10,
Receivables
, and allowance allocations calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 450-20,
Loss Contingencies
. Accordingly, the methodology is based on the Company’s internal grading system, specific impairment analysis, qualitative and quantitative factors.
 
As mentioned above, allocations to the allowance for loan losses are categorized as either specific allocations or general allocations.
 
A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will not receive all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan, including scheduled principal and interest payments. For a collateral dependent loan, the Company’s evaluation process includes a valuation by appraisal or other collateral analysis. This valuation is compared to the remaining outstanding principal balance of the loan. If a loss is determined to be probable, the loss is included in the allowance for loan losses as a specific allocation. If the loan is not collateral dependent, the measurement of loss is based on the difference between the expected and contractual future cash flows of the loan.
 
The general allocation is calculated monthly based on management’s assessment of several factors such as (1) historical loss experience based on volumes and types, (2) volume and trends in delinquencies and nonaccruals, (3) lending policies and procedures including those for loan losses, collections and recoveries, (4) national, state and local economic trends and conditions, (5) concentrations of credit within the loan portfolio, (6) the experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff and (7) other factors and trends that will affect specific loans and categories of loans. The Company establishes general allocations for each major loan category. This category also includes allocations to loans which are collectively evaluated for loss such as credit cards, one-to-four family owner occupied residential real estate loans and other consumer loans.
 
 
The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.  Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.
 
(In thousands)   Commercial   Real
Estate
  Credit
Card
  Other
Consumer
and Other
  Total
                     
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
                                       
Balance, beginning of period
(2)
  $ 7,083     $ 19,925     $ 3,757     $ 1,916     $ 32,681  
Provision for loan losses
(1)
    2,714       423       440       732       4,309  
Charge-offs     (2,283 )     (824 )     (702 )     (489 )     (4,298 )
Recoveries     318       111       253       149       831  
Net recoveries (charge-offs)     (1,965 )     (713 )     (449 )     (340 )     (3,467 )
Balance, June 30, 2016
(2)
  $ 7,832     $ 19,635     $ 3,748     $ 2,308     $ 33,523  
                                         
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
                                       
Balance, beginning of period
(2)
  $ 5,985     $ 19,522     $ 3,893     $ 1,951     $ 31,351  
Provision for loan losses
(1)
    4,281       943       921       987       7,132  
Charge-offs     (2,759 )     (1,053 )     (1,561 )     (882 )     (6,255 )
Recoveries     325       223       495       252       1,295  
Net charge-offs     (2,434 )     (830 )     (1,066 )     (630 )     (4,960 )
Balance, June 30, 2016
(2)
  $ 7,832     $ 19,635     $ 3,748     $ 2,308     $ 33,523  
                                         
Period-end amount allocated to:                                        
Loans individually evaluated for impairment   $ 63     $ 3,080     $ --     $ 6     $ 3,149  
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment     7,769       16,555       3,748       2,302       30,374  
Balance, June 30, 2016
(2)
  $ 7,832     $ 19,635     $ 3,748     $ 2,308     $ 33,523  
________________________________________
(1) Provision for loan losses of $307,000 attributable to loans acquired was excluded from this table for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 (total provision for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 was $4,616,000 and $7,439,000). The $307,000 was subsequently charged-off, resulting in no ending balance in the allowance related to loans acquired.
(2) Allowance for loan losses at June 30, 2016, March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 includes $954,000 allowance for loans acquired. The total allowance for loan losses at June 30, 2016, March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $34,477,000, $33,635,000 and $32,305,000, respectively.
 
Activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 was as follows:
 
(In thousands)   Commercial   Real
Estate
  Credit
Card
  Other
Consumer
and Other
  Total
                     
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
                                       
Balance, beginning of period
(4)
  $ 6,870     $ 15,553     $ 5,527     $ 1,233     $ 29,183  
Provision for loan losses
(3)
    (1,569 )     3,311     352       308       2,402  
Charge-offs     --       (333 )     (802 )     (366 )     (1,501 )
Recoveries     9       46       241       187       483  
Net charge-offs     9       (287 )     (561 )     (179 )     (1,018 )
Balance, June 30, 2015
(4)
  $ 5,310     $ 18,577     $ 5,318     $ 1,362     $ 30,567  
                                         
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
                                       
Balance, beginning of period
(4)
  $ 6,962     $ 15,161     $ 5,445     $ 1,460     $ 29,028  
Provision for loan losses
(3)
    (1,585 )     3,984       1,006       168       3,573  
Charge-offs     (245 )     (626 )     (1,587 )     (586 )     (3,044 )
Recoveries     178       58       454       320       1,010  
Net charge-offs     (67 )     (568 )     (1,133 )     (266 )     (2,034 )
Balance, June 30, 2015
(4)
  $ 5,310     $ 18,577     $ 5,318     $ 1,362     $ 30,567  
                                         
Period-end amount allocated to:                                        
Loans individually evaluated for impairment   $ 396     $ 1,513     $ 14     $ 89     $ 2,012  
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment     4,914       17,064       5,304       1,273       28,555  
Balance, June 30, 2015
(4)
  $ 5,310     $ 18,577     $ 5,318     $ 1,362     $ 30,567  
                                         
Period-end amount allocated to:                                        
Loans individually evaluated for impairment   $ 432     $ 2,307     $ 7     $ 85     $ 2,831  
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment     5,553       17,215       3,886       1,866       28,520  
Balance, December 31, 2015
(5)
  $ 5,985     $ 19,522     $ 3,893     $ 1,951     $ 31,351  
 
___________________________________________
(3) Provision for loan losses of $604,000 attributable to loans acquired, not covered by loss share, was excluded from this table for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 (total provision for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 was $3,006,000 and $4,177,000). The $604,000 was subsequently charged-off, resulting in no ending balance in the allowance related to loans acquired.
(4) Allowance for loan losses at June 30, 2015, March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 includes $954,000 allowance for loans acquired, covered by loss share. The total allowance for loan losses at June 30, 2015, March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was $31,521,000, $30,137,000 and $29,982,000, respectively.
(5) Allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2015 includes $954,000 allowance for loans acquired (not shown in the table above). The total allowance for loan losses December 31, 2015 was $32,305,000.
 
The Company’s recorded investment in loans, excluding loans acquired, related to each balance in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology was as follows:
 
(In thousands)   Commercial   Real
Estate
  Credit
Card
  Other
Consumer
and Other
  Total
                     
June 30, 2016                                        
Loans individually evaluated for impairment   $ 4,471     $ 37,645     $ 433     $ 1,242     $ 43,791  
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment     760,347       2,492,973       171,035       257,276       3,681,631  
Balance, end of period   $ 764,818     $ 2,530,618     $ 171,468     $ 258,518     $ 3,725,422  
                                         
December 31, 2015                                        
Loans individually evaluated for impairment   $ 2,252     $ 15,017     $ 479     $ 442     $ 18,190  
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment     646,427       2,189,975       176,809       215,053       3,228,264  
Balance, end of period   $ 648,679     $ 2,204,992     $ 177,288     $ 215,495     $ 3,246,454