10-K 1 shlo1031201910-kfy19.htm 10-K Document


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
FORM 10-K
x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019
OR
¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _________ to _________
Commission file No. 0-21964
Shiloh Industries, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
51-0347683
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
880 Steel Drive, Valley City, Ohio 44280
(Address of principal executive offices-zip code)
(330) 558-2600
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
——————————————  
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share SHLO The NASDAQ Global Select Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
————————————    
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes  ¨ No  x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.  Yes ¨ No x 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer  ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer  ¨ Smaller Reporting Company  x Emerging Growth Company  ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in the Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).  Yes  ¨  No   x
Aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of April 30, 2019, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, at a closing price of $5.72 per share as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market, was approximately $85,476,723. Shares of Common Stock beneficially held by each executive officer and director and their respective spouses and affiliates have been excluded since such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of December 17, 2019 was 24,191,338.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Proxy Statement") are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent described herein.



 
 
INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT
 
 
 
ON FORM 10-K
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
 
 
 
Page
 
 
PART I:
 
 
Item 1.
 
Item 1A.
 
Item 1B.
 
Item 2.
 
Item 3.
 
Item 4.
 
 
PART II:
 
 
Item 5.
 
 
Item 6.
 
Item 7.
 
Item 7A.
 
Item 8.
 
Item 9.
 
Item 9A.
 
Item 9B.
 
 
PART III:
 
 
Item 10.
 
Item 11.
 
Item 12.
 
Item 13.
 
Item 14.
 
 
PART IV:
 
 
Item 15.



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PART I

SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.

Item 1.
Business.

General
Shiloh Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the "Company," "Shiloh," "us," "our" or "we") is a Delaware corporation that was incorporated in 1993. We are a global innovative solutions provider focusing on lightweighting technologies that provide environmental and safety benefits to the mobility market. Shiloh, headquartered in Valley City, Ohio, has a global network of manufacturing operations and technical centers in Asia, Europe and North America.

Our multi-component, multi-material solutions are comprised of a variety of alloys in aluminum, magnesium and steel grades, along with our proprietary line of noise and vibration reducing ShilohCore® acoustic laminate products. The strategic BlankLight®, CastLight® and StampLight® brands combine to maximize lightweighting solutions without compromising safety or performance. Shiloh delivers these solutions in body structure, chassis and propulsion systems to original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") and "Tier 1" suppliers in the automotive and commercial vehicle markets.

    Shiloh operates as one end-customer focused reporting segment.

Products

We produce components primarily for body structure, chassis and propulsion systems.

•
Solution materials include aluminum, magnesium, steel, high strength steel alloys and ShilohCore® acoustic laminates.
 
•
Body structure components include shock towers, instrument panel / cross car beams, torque boxes, tunnel supports, seat supports, seat back frames, hinge pillars, liftgates, door inners, roof supports / roof panels, dashpanels and body sides.

•
Chassis systems components include cross members, frame rails, axle carriers, bearing caps, axle covers, PTU covers, axle tubes, rack and pinion housings, steering column housings, knuckles, links, wheel hubs, steering pumps, brake components, wheel blanks and flanges.

•
Propulsion systems components include battery boxes and closures, beam axle housings, planetary carriers, clutch housings, transmission gear housings, engine valve covers, valve bodies, rocker arm spacers, heat shields, exhaust manifolds, cones, baffles, muffler shells, engine oil pans, transmission fluid pans, front covers and transmission covers. Additionally, we produce electric vehicles ("EV") structural products such as charger boxes, control boxes, motor housings, battery covers, battery box trays and battery box rails.

Customers

Our customers are primarily in the automotive and commercial vehicle markets. We work closely with the world’s leading OEM and Tier 1 suppliers and have over 200 customers globally. Our customers include Bayerische Motoren Werke AG ("BMW"), Daimler ("Mercedes-Benz"), Faurecia, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles ("FCA"), Ford Motor Company ("Ford"), General Motors Company ("General Motors"), Hendrickson International, Honda Motor Company ("Honda"), Jaguar Land Rover ("JLR"), SAIC Motor, Scania, Tesla Inc., Volvo AB, Volvo Car Corporation and ZF Friedrichshafen AG.

The following customers accounted for more than 10% of our revenues in fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017:
Customer
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
General Motors
 
17.4%
 
18.8%
 
17.9%
FCA
 
17.0%
 
15.8%
 
15.0%


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Business is awarded as a result of our ability to successfully bid on and win the production and supply of parts for models that will be newly introduced to the market by the OEMs or winning business on existing programs. Our success is due to innovative technologies around design, engineering, and state-of-the-art solutions.
Raw Materials
The primary raw materials required for our operations are hot-rolled and cold-rolled coated steel, as well as, aluminum and magnesium ingots. We obtain steel from a number of primary steel producers and steel service centers. The majority of the steel is purchased through customers' steel buying programs. Under these programs, we purchase steel at the price that our customers negotiated with their steel suppliers. We take ownership of the steel in many instances; however, the customers are generally responsible for commodity price fluctuations. Through centralized purchasing, we attempt to purchase raw materials at the lowest competitive prices for the quantity purchased across a broad supplier base. The supply of steel available for processing is a function of the production levels of primary steel producers. A portion of our steel products and processing services are provided to customers on a toll processing basis. Under these arrangements, we charge a specified fee for operations performed without acquiring ownership of the steel and being burdened with the attendant costs of ownership or risk of loss.

For our aluminum and magnesium, used in the CastLight® product brand, the cost of raw materials is adjusted frequently to align with secured purchase commitments based on customer releases or based on referenced metal index plus additional material cost spreads agreed to by us and our customers. Primary aluminum alloys are used in our proprietary "Thin Tech®" castings processes, which allow heat treat and enhanced mechanical properties. Secondary smelting is the process of recycling aluminum, which has a positive impact environmentally and economically. These types of alloys are used in our conventional die casting process. We purchase from suppliers in the U.S., Canada, Europe and China based on competitiveness and regional location.

Competition

We compete in the laser welding, stamping, die casting and close-tolerance machining industries. Competitors within our main product brands vary. BlankLight® competitors include numerous metal blanking companies ranging in all sizes, including raw material manufacturers and customers. Welded blank competition in North America includes TWB Company LLC and ArcelorMittal USA. Most laser welded blank competitors are affiliated with raw material or distribution providers. Competition for sales of automotive stamping and assemblies is also intense. StampLight® competitors include Gestamp, L&W, Inc., Flex-n-Gate Corporation, Midway Products Group Inc., Narmco Group and Kirchhoff Automotive Group. CastLight® competitors include Bocar Group, Cosma International (a Magna Company), Georg Fischer, Gnotec AB, KSM Casting Group, Madison Kipp Corporation (MKC), Meridian (subsidiary of Wangfeng Auto Holdings Group), Nemak, Pace Industries, RCM Industries and Ryobi Aluminum Casting (USA), Inc., which are all competing for a growing number of automotive projects. In almost all instances, we compete through our main strategies of "Lightweighting Without Compromise®" and "Lightweighting With Benefits®", which provides us with the ability to provide solutions that do not compromise part integrity such as performance, safety, sound and efficiency. Development and design optimization to lightweight products allows customers to achieve vehicle weight, fuel economy and/or ride and handling targets while favorably impacting the environment.

Employees
As of October 31, 2019, we had approximately 3,600 employees of which approximately 2,100 are domestic and approximately 1,500 are international. Organized labor unions represent 15% of our U.S. hourly employees and 99% of our non-U.S. employees.
Each of our unionized manufacturing facilities has its own labor agreement with its own expiration date. As a result, no contract expiration date affects more than one facility.

Backlog

A significant portion of our business pertains to automobile platforms for various model years. Orders against these platforms are subject to releases by the customer and are not considered firm orders until close to time of shipment. Backlog, therefore, is not a meaningful indicator of future performance.

Seasonality

Our business is moderately seasonal because many OEM customers close assembly plants primarily for periods in summer months and holiday seasons for model year changeovers. Shut-down periods vary by country. For additional information, refer to Note 19 "Quarterly Results of Operations" to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of this report.


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Environmental Matters

We are subject to environmental laws and regulations concerning emissions to the air, discharges to waterways and generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste and hazardous materials.
We are also subject to laws and regulations that can require the remediation of contamination that exists at current or former facilities. In addition, we are subject to other federal and state laws and regulations regarding health and safety matters. The majority of our production facilities have permits and licenses allowing and regulating air emissions and water discharges. While the Company believes that at the present time its production facilities are in substantial compliance with environmental laws and regulations, these laws and regulations are constantly evolving and it is impossible to predict whether compliance with these laws and regulations may have a material adverse effect on us in the future.
ISO 14001 is a voluntary international standard issued in September 1996 and updated in 2015 by the International Organization for Standardization. ISO 14001 identifies the elements of an Environmental Management System ("EMS") necessary for an organization to effectively manage its effect on the environment. The ultimate objective of the standard is to integrate the EMS with overall business management processes and systems so that environmental considerations are a routine part of business decisions.  All of our manufacturing facilities are certified to the ISO 14001 standard. We have completed the certification process at each of our manufacturing facilities to the IATF 16949 standard, which has been the global benchmark for an international quality management system in the automotive industry. 

Research and Development

 We perform research, development, design and other engineering activities for the following primary reasons:

•
to provide solutions for customers
•
to integrate our leading technologies into advanced products and processes
•
to provide engineering support for all of our manufacturing sites
•
to provide technological expertise in engineering and design development

Along with our global manufacturing locations, we maintain Sales and Technical Centers in Asia (Shanghai, China), Europe (Gothenburg, Sweden) and North America (Plymouth, Michigan and Valley City, Ohio). Furthermore, we have Customer Service Centers in Germany (Munich and Stuttgart), Italy (Turin) and the United Kingdom (Evesham, England). Each of our Sales and Technical Centers is engaged in engineering, research and development efforts working closely with customers to develop custom solutions to meet their needs.

Intellectual Property

We hold 90 issued patents on a worldwide basis, including 31 issued U.S. patents and 47 patent applications in process worldwide. Of the 90 issued patents, 35% are in production use and/or are licensed to third parties and the remaining 65% are being considered for future production use or provide a strategic technological benefit to us. We do not materially rely on any single patent, nor will the expiration of any single patent materially affect our business. Our current patents expire over various periods into the year 2035. We are actively introducing and patenting new technology to replace formerly patented technology before the expiration of the existing patents. In the aggregate, our worldwide patent portfolio is materially important to our business as it enables us to achieve technological differentiation from our competitors. We also maintain 55 active trademark registrations and applications worldwide. In excess of 98% of these trademark registrations and applications are in commercial use by us or are licensed to third parties.
Segment and Geographic Information
We conduct our business and report our information as one operating segment - Automotive and Commercial Vehicles. Our chief operating decision maker is the executive leadership team, which includes certain Vice Presidents, all Senior Vice Presidents and the Chief Executive Officer, as this team has the final authority over performance assessment and resource allocation decisions. In determining that one operating segment is appropriate, we considered the nature of the business activities and the existence of managers responsible for the operating activities. Customers and suppliers are substantially the same in the automotive and commercial vehicle industry.
Financial information regarding Company geographic mix is contained in Note 19 - "Business Segment Information" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this report.


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Acquisitions

On March 1, 2018, Shiloh acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital of Brabant Alucast Italy Site Verres S.r.l., a limited liability company organized under the laws of Italy, and Brabant Alucast The Netherlands Site Oss B.V., a limited liability company organized under the laws of the Netherlands (collectively "Brabant"). The acquisitions complement our global footprint, with the expansion of aluminum and magnesium casting capabilities, while providing capacity for growth. The final purchase price for the acquisitions, funded in cash, was $65.3 million.
Company Website and Access to Filed Reports

Our website is located at https://www.shiloh.com. Under the Investors tab on our website, there is a copy of annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such material electronically with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC (https://www.sec.gov). We do not incorporate information on the SEC's website into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and information on the website is not and should not be considered part of this document, unless expressly stated otherwise.

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lItem 1A.                     
Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the risks described below together with the other information set forth in this report, which could materially affect our business, financial position and future results. The risks described below are not the only risks facing the Company. Risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial position, operating results and cash flows.
Risks Related to Our Business
A downturn in the global economy could harm demand for automotive and commercial vehicles that are manufactured with our products and, therefore, could adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

The level of demand for our products depends primarily upon the level of consumer demand for new vehicles that are manufactured with our products. The global economic recession that began in 2008 had a significant adverse effect on our business, customers and suppliers and contributed to delayed and reduced purchases of passenger cars and commercial vehicles, including those manufactured with our products. Demand for and pricing of our products is also subject to economic conditions and other factors (e.g., energy costs, fuel costs, climate change concerns, vehicle age, consumer spending and preferences, materials used in production, commodity prices and changing technology) present in the various domestic and international markets in which our products are sold. If the global economy were to experience another significant downturn, depending upon its length, duration and severity, or any other event that results in a reduction of demand for automobiles, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

Deterioration in the United States, Europe and other world economies could harm our customers’ and suppliers’ ability to access the capital markets, which may affect our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Disruptions in the capital and credit markets could adversely affect our customers and suppliers by making it increasingly difficult for them to obtain financing for their businesses and for their customers to obtain financing for automobile purchases. Our OEM customers typically require significant financing for their respective businesses. This financing often comes from securitization markets, which experience severe disruptions during global economic crises. Our suppliers, as well as our customers’ suppliers, may face similar difficulties in obtaining financing for their businesses. If capital is not available to our customers or suppliers, or if the cost of capital is prohibitively high, their businesses would be adversely affected, which could result in their restructuring or even reorganization or liquidation under applicable bankruptcy laws. Any such adverse effect on our customers or suppliers could materially adversely affect us, either through loss of revenues from any of our customers so affected, or due to our inability to meet our commitments without excessive expense, as a result of disruptions in supply caused by the suppliers so affected. Financial difficulties experienced by any of our major customers could have a material adverse effect on us if such customers were unable to pay for the products we provide or if we experienced a loss of, or material reduction in, business from such customer. As a result of such difficulties, we could experience lost revenues, significant write-offs of accounts receivable, significant impairment charges, or additional restructurings. In addition, severe financial or other difficulties at any of our major suppliers could have a material adverse effect on us if we are unable to obtain on a timely basis and on similar economic terms the quantity and quality of components we require to produce products. Moreover, severe financial or operating difficulties at any automotive vehicle manufacturer or other significant supplier could have a significant disruptive effect on the entire industry, leading to supply chain disruptions and labor unrest, among other things. These disruptions could force OEMs and, in turn, other suppliers, including us, to reduce production or shut down plants.

Our inability to obtain and maintain sufficient financing may harm our liquidity and financial position.

Our working capital requirements can vary significantly, depending, in part, on the level, variability and timing of our customers’ production and the payment terms we have with our customers and suppliers. Our liquidity could be adversely affected if our suppliers were to suspend normal trade credit terms and require payment in advance or payment on delivery. If our available cash flows from operations is not sufficient to fund our ongoing cash needs, we would likely look to our cash balances and borrowing availability under our Credit Agreement (as defined hereinafter) to satisfy those needs. In 2013, we and our subsidiaries entered into a Credit Agreement, dated October 25, 2013, as amended (the "Credit Agreement") with Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender, Dutch Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Syndication Agent, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and J.P. Morgan Securities, LLC as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Book Managers, CIBC Bank, USA, Compass Bank and The Huntington National Bank, N.A., as Co-Documentation Agents and the other lender parties thereto. We entered into our ninth amendment to the Credit Agreement on June 6, 2019 (the "Amendment"),

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which improved certain thresholds for the consolidated leverage retio and various baskets related to the indebtedness of foreign subsidiaries, disposition of assets, capital expenditures, and sale leaseback transactions. Additionally, this amendment adjusted the interest rate margins based on the applicable pricing tiers, but did not modify the aggregate revolving commitments under the Credit Agreement. There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to satisfy the financial covenants currently under the Credit Agreement, that we will be able to enter into favorable amendments in the future, that alternative sources of additional capital will be available on satisfactory terms or at all or that we will otherwise continue to have the ability to maintain sufficient capital financing. Inability to meet targeted profitability in the next fiscal year could result in a strain to comply with the leverage ratio, which becomes more restrictive each quarter in the next fiscal year. Insufficient liquidity may increase the risk of not being able to produce products or having to pay higher prices for inputs that may not be recovered in selling prices.

We may be unable to realize revenues represented by awarded business, which could materially harm our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The realization of future revenues from awarded business is subject to risks and uncertainties, including the number of vehicles that our customers will actually produce, the timing of that production and the mix of options that our customers may choose.

In addition to not having a commitment from our customers regarding any minimum number of products they must purchase from us if we obtain awarded business, the terms and conditions of the agreements with our customers typically provide that they have the contractual right to unilaterally terminate our contracts with only limited notice. If such contracts are terminated by our customers, our ability to obtain compensation from our customers for such termination is generally limited to the direct out-of-pocket costs that we incurred for inventory and not fully reimbursed tooling, and in certain rare instances, not fully depreciated capital expenditures.

We base a substantial part of our financial and operational planning on the anticipated lifetime revenues of particular products. We calculate the anticipated lifetime revenues of a product by multiplying our expected price for a product by the forecasted production volume for that product during the length of time we expect the related vehicle to be in production. We use third-party forecasting services to provide long-term forecasts, which allow us to determine how long a vehicle is expected to be in production. If we over-estimate the production units or if a customer reduces its level of anticipated purchases of a particular platform as a result of reduced demand, our actual revenues for that platform may be substantially less than the lifetime revenues we had anticipated for that platform.

Typically, it takes two to three years from the time a manufacturer awards a program until production begins. In many cases, we must commit substantial resources in preparation for production under awarded customer business well in advance of the customer’s production start date. Our results of operations may be affected due to delay in recovering these types of pre-production costs if our customers cancel awarded business, including cancellation in the event technology supporting the awarded business becomes obsolete.

We are dependent upon large customers for current and future revenues. The loss of all, or a substantial portion, of our sales to any of these customers, or the loss of market share by these customers, could materially harm our financial position and results of operations.
We depend on major vehicle manufacturers for a substantial portion of our net revenues. For example, during 2019, General Motors and FCA accounted for 17.4% and 17.0% of our revenues, respectively. The loss of all, or a substantial portion, of our sales to any of our large-volume customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations by reducing cash flows and our ability to spread costs over a larger revenue base. We may also make fewer sales to major customers for a variety of reasons other than losses of business relationships, including but not limited to: (1) reduced or delayed customer requirements, (2) strikes or other work stoppages affecting production by the customers, (3) customer restructuring or reorganizations, (4) reduced demand for our customers’ products, (5) vehicle program discontinuance or (6) loss of business to competitors.
In addition, our OEM customers compete intensively against each other and other OEMs. The loss of market share by any of our significant OEM customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, unless we are able to achieve increased sales to other OEMs.

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The failure to be awarded new business for additional content on new or existing vehicle programs or to retain existing business could materially harm our business.

We compete for new business at the beginning of the development of new vehicle programs and upon the redesign of existing programs by major OEM customers. New program development generally begins three-to-five years prior to the marketing of the underlying vehicles to the public. Redesign of existing programs begins during the life cycle of a platform, usually at least two-to-three years before the end of the platform’s life cycle. The failure to obtain new business on new programs or to retain or increase business on redesigned existing programs, could adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, as a result of the relatively long lead times, it may be difficult in the short term for us to obtain new revenues to replace any unexpected decline in the sale of existing products.

In addition, a component of our growth strategy is to bid on and be awarded new business for additional content on our customers’ new or existing vehicle programs, while at the same time maintaining existing business that we have a desire to maintain and renew. If we are unable to introduce, differentiate and enhance our product offerings, anticipate industry trends or keep pace with technological developments or if our competitors introduce lower cost and/or differentiated products that are perceived by our customers to compete with ours, we may be unable to grow and maintain our business with our customers, and our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

Our inability to effectively manage the timing, quality, suppliers and costs of new program launches could harm our financial performance.

In connection with the award of new business, we obligate ourselves to deliver new products and services that are subject to our customers’ timing, performance and quality standards. Additionally, as a Tier 1 supplier, we must effectively coordinate the activities of numerous suppliers in order for the program launches of our products to be successful. Given the complexity of new program launches, we may experience difficulties managing product quality, timeliness and associated costs. In addition, new program launches require a significant ramp up of costs; however, our sales related to these new programs generally are dependent upon the timing and success of our customers’ introduction of new vehicles. Our inability to effectively manage the timing, quality, suppliers and costs of these new program launches could harm our financial position, operating results and cash flows. Finally, even if we successfully manage the timing, quality, suppliers and costs of new program launches with respect to our operations, another of our customers’ suppliers may cause our customers’ production delays, which could harm our financial position, operating results and cash flows.
Automotive production and sales are highly cyclical, which could harm our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

The highly cyclical nature of the automotive industry presents a risk that is outside our control and that often cannot be accurately predicted. The cyclical nature depends on general economic conditions and other factors, including interest rates, consumer confidence, consumer preferences, patterns of consumer spending, fuel costs and the automobile replacement cycle. In addition, customer production changeovers or new program launches may result in altered or delayed production cycles, which may reduce or delay purchases of our products by our customers. As a result, automotive production and sales may fluctuate significantly from year-to-year and such fluctuations may give rise to changes in demand for our products. Our business is directly related to the volume of automotive production and, because it has significant fixed production costs, declines in our customers’ production levels can have a significant adverse effect on our results of operations. Decreases in demand for automobiles generally, or decreases in demand for our products in particular, could materially and harmfully affect our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The automotive industry is seasonal, which could harm our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

The automotive industry is seasonal. Some of our largest OEM customers typically shut down vehicle production during certain months or weeks of the year. For example, our OEM customers in Europe typically shut down operations during portions of July and August and additional periods during the December and January holiday season, while our OEM customers in North America typically close assembly plants for periods in June and July for model year changeovers and for additional periods during the December and January holiday season. During these downturns, our customers will generally reduce the number of production days because of lower demand and reduce excess vehicle inventory. Such seasonality, or unanticipated changes in plant shutdown schedules, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

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Changes in technology and developments within the automotive industry could affect our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

The automotive industry is undergoing significant change, and we believe that the pace of that change will accelerate in the next several years. Technological changes, including the development of autonomous vehicles, new products and services, new business models or new methods of travel may disrupt the historic business model of the industry, reduce the demand for the purchase of automobiles and adversely impact the sales of our customers as well as our sales, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
A material disruption at one of our manufacturing facilities could prevent it from meeting customer demand, reduce our revenues or negatively affect our results of operations and financial position.

Any of our manufacturing facilities, or any of our machines or equipment within an otherwise operational facility, could cease operations unexpectedly due to a number of events, including:

•
unscheduled maintenance outages;
•
prolonged power failures;
•
cyber attacks;
•
an equipment failure;
•
labor difficulties, prolonged labor strikes or work stoppages;
•
disruptions in transportation infrastructure, including roads, bridges, railroad tracks and tunnels;
•
fires, floods, windstorms, earthquakes, hurricanes or other natural catastrophes;
•
war, terrorism or threats of terrorism or political unrest;
•
governmental regulations or intervention; and
•
other unexpected problems.

Any such disruption could prevent us from meeting customer orders, reduce our revenues or profits and negatively affect our results of operations and financial position.
The decreasing number of automotive parts suppliers and pricing pressures from our automotive customers could make it more difficult for us to compete in the highly competitive automotive industry.
    
The automotive parts industry is highly competitive. Bankruptcies and consolidation among automotive parts suppliers are reducing the number of competitors, resulting in larger competitors who benefit from purchasing and distribution economies of scale. Our inability to compete with these larger suppliers in the future could result in a reduction of, or inability to increase, revenues, which would harm our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
    
We face significant competition within each of our major product areas. The principal competitive factors include price, quality, global presence, service, product performance, design and engineering capabilities, new product innovation and timely delivery. We also face significant competitive pricing pressures from our automotive customers. Because of their purchasing size, our automotive customers can influence market participants to significantly reduce pricing in order to keep or win new business. If we are not able to offset pricing reductions resulting from these pressures by improving operating efficiencies and reducing expenditures, those pricing reductions may have an adverse effect on our business.

We may not be able to continue to compete in the highly competitive automotive industry and increased competition or consolidation may have a material adverse effect on our business.
Fluctuations between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar could harm our financial results.
We derived $315,067 of our revenue in fiscal year 2019 from our non-U.S. operations. The financial position and results of operations of certain of our international operations are measured using the foreign currency in the jurisdiction of those operations as the functional currency. As a result, we are exposed to currency fluctuations both in receiving cash from its international operations and in translating its financial results back to U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities of our international operations are translated at the exchange rate in effect at each balance sheet date. Our income statement accounts are translated at the average rate of exchange prevailing during each fiscal quarter. A strengthening U.S. dollar against relevant foreign currency reduces the amount of income we recognize from our international operations. We cannot predict the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on our future operating results. As exchange rates vary, our results of operations and profitability may be harmed. We may use a combination of natural hedging techniques and financial derivatives to protect against certain foreign currency exchange rate risks. Such hedging activities may be ineffective or may not offset more than a portion of the adverse financial effect resulting from

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foreign currency variations. The gains or losses associated with hedging activities may harm our results of operations. In addition, the portion of our revenue derived from international operations may increase in the future, due to the impact of acquisitions and overall growth in foreign markets, among other reasons. The risks we face in foreign currency transactions and translation may continue to increase as we further develop and expand our international operations.
We may be adversely affected by changes in LIBOR reporting practices or the method in which LIBOR is determined.
In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority, the authority that regulates LIBOR, announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (ARRC) has proposed that the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) is the rate that represents the best practice as the alternative to USD-LIBOR for use in derivatives and other financial contracts that are currently indexed to USD-LIBOR. ARRC has proposed a paced market transition plan to SOFR from USD-LIBOR, and organizations are currently working on an industry wide and/or company specific transition from LIBOR to an alternative that will not result in financial market disruptions, significant increases in benchmark rates or financing costs to borrowers. We have material contracts that are indexed to USD-LIBOR, and we are monitoring this activity and evaluating the related risks.
We are subject to risks related to our international operations.
We sell our products worldwide from our manufacturing and distribution facilities in various regions and countries, including North America, Europe and Asia. Operations are subject to various risks which could have a material adverse effect on those operations or our business as a whole, including:

•
exposure to changes of trade policies and agreements, including changes the North American Free Trade Agreement ("NAFTA"), including as a result of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (the "USMCA") or otherwise and other international trade agreements;
•
exposure to impact of tariffs or other forms of political incentive systems affecting international trade;
•
exposure to local economic conditions and labor issues;
•
exposure to local political conditions, including the risk of seizure of assets by a foreign government;
•
exposure to local social unrest, including any resultant acts of war, terrorism or similar events;
•
exposure to local public health issues and the resultant impact on economic and political conditions;
•
investment restrictions or requirements;
•
currency exchange rate fluctuations;
•
controls on the repatriation of cash, including imposition or increase of withholding and other taxes on remittances and other payments by foreign subsidiaries,
•
export and import restrictions; and
•
difficulties in penetrating new markets due to established and entrenched competitors.
Increasing our manufacturing footprint in the Asian market, specifically China, is an important element of our long-term strategy. In addition, our strategy includes expanding our manufacturing footprint. As a result, our exposure to the risks described above may be greater in the future. The likelihood of such occurrences and their potential impact on us is unpredictable and varies from country to country.
Changes in the United Kingdom's economic and other relationships with the European Union could adversely affect us.
In June 2016, a majority of the voters in the United Kingdom elected to withdraw from the European Union ("Brexit"). In March 2017, the United Kingdom formally notified the European Union of its intention to withdraw, thereby triggering a two-year negotiation period which has now been extended to January 31, 2020, unless further extension is agreed to by the parties. There remains significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union, including the possibility of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union without a negotiated and bilaterally approved withdrawal plan. The Company does not have manufacturing operations in the United Kingdom but does have a customer service center in the United Kingdom and manufacturing facilities in the European Union. In addition, our supply chain and that of our customers is highly integrated across the European Union, and we are highly dependent on the free flow of goods in those regions. The ongoing uncertainty and potential re-imposition of border controls and customs duties on trade between the United Kingdom and European Union nations could negatively impact our competitive position, supplier and customer relationships and financial performance. The ultimate effects of "Brexit" on us will depend on the specific terms of any agreement the United Kingdom and the European Union reach to provide access to each other's respective markets.



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We may continue to restructure our operations in the U.S. and various other countries and initiate additional cost reductions, but we may not succeed in doing so.
In 2017, we announced a restructuring plan designed to improve future profitability and competitiveness. As we continue to assess our performance throughout North America and Europe, we may take additional restructuring actions to rationalize our operations. This could result in asset write-downs or impairments and reduce our profitability in the periods incurred. For example, the Company continues to proactively address the shift in consumer automotive preferences and the Company’s desire to increase flexibility in managing cyclical changes. We are continuing to implement a number of operational effectiveness initiatives aimed to improve productivity and reduce costs. These actions could lead to increased risks of labor unrest or strikes, litigation, negative publicity and business disruption. Failure to realize anticipated savings or benefits from our restructuring and/or cost reduction actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and cash flows.

The U.S. Congress and presidential administration may make substantial changes to fiscal, political, regulatory and other federal policies that may adversely affect our business, financial position, operating results and cash flows.    

Changes in general economic or political policies in the United States or other regions could adversely affect our business.  For example, the current administration under President Donald Trump has indicated that it may propose significant changes with respect to a variety of issues, including international trade agreements, import and export regulations, tariffs and customs duties, foreign relations, immigration laws, tax laws, corporate governance laws and corporate fuel economy standards, that could have a positive or negative impact on our business. The risks we face in our international operations may intensify if we further develop and expand our international operations.
Significant increases and fluctuations in raw materials pricing could materially harm us without proportionate recovery from our customers.

Significant increases in the cost of certain raw materials used in our products, such as steel, aluminum and magnesium, or the cost of utility services required to produce our products, to the extent they are not timely reflected in the price we charge our customers or are otherwise mitigated, could materially and adversely impact our results. Prices for raw material inputs can be impacted by many factors, including developments in global commodities markets, international trade policies and developments in technology. The amount of steel available for processing is a function of the production levels of primary steel producers. A significant portion of our magnesium is sourced from China and could be subject to availability, trade policies and price.

While we have been successful in the past recovering a significant portion of raw material costs, there is no assurance that we will continue to do so, or that increases in raw material costs will not adversely impact our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, significant increases in raw material prices may cause customers to redesign certain components or use alternative materials, which could result in reduced revenues, which could in turn harm our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The volatility of steel prices could materially harm our results of operations.

A by-product of our production process is the generation of offal. We typically sell offal in secondary markets, which are similar to the steel markets. We generally share recoveries from sales of offal with our customers either through scrap sharing agreements, in cases in which we are participating in resale programs, or through product pricing, in cases in which we purchase steel directly from steel suppliers. In either situation, we may be affected by the fluctuation in scrap steel prices, either positively or negatively, in relation to our various customer agreements. As offal prices generally increase and decrease as steel prices increase and decrease, sales of offal may mitigate the impact of the volatility of steel price increases, as well as limit the benefits reaped from steel price declines. Any volatility in offal and steel prices could materially adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Disruptions in the automotive supply chain could materially harm our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

The automotive supply chain is subject to disruptions because we, along with our customers and suppliers, attempt to maintain low inventory levels in order to manage our working capital. Disruptions in our supply chain could result from a variety of situations, such as the closure of one or more of our or our suppliers’ plants or critical manufacturing lines due to strikes, mechanical breakdowns, electrical outages, fires, explosions or political upheaval. Disruptions could also result from logistical

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complications due to weather, earthquakes, or other natural or nuclear disasters, mechanical failures, technology disruptions or delayed customs processing.

If we are the cause for a customer to halt production, the customer may seek to recoup all of its losses and expenses due to such disruption from us. Any such disruptions affecting us or caused by us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Longer product lives of automotive parts may harm demand for some of our products.

The average useful life of automobiles and automotive parts may continue to increase due to innovations in products and technologies. As automobiles and automotive parts product life cycles lengthen, opportunities to supply components for new programs may occur less frequently, which may reduce demand for some of our products.
Discontinuation of the vehicle models, engines or transmissions for which we manufacture products may harm our business, financial position and results of operations.

Our typical sales contract provides for supplying a customer with product requirements for particular programs, rather than manufacturing a specific quantity of components and systems. The initial terms of our sales contracts typically range from one to seven years, with automatic renewal provisions that generally result in our contracts running for the life of the program. Our contracts do not require our customers to purchase a minimum number of components or systems. The loss of awarded business or significant reduction in demand for vehicles for which we produce components and systems could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
We may pursue acquisitions or strategic alliances that we may not successfully integrate or that may divert management’s attention and resources.
We may pursue acquisitions, joint ventures or strategic alliances in the future. However, we may not be able to identify and secure suitable opportunities. Our ability to consummate and integrate effectively any acquisitions or enter into strategic alliances on terms that are favorable to us may be limited by a number of factors, such as competition for attractive targets and, to the extent necessary, our ability to obtain financing on satisfactory terms, if at all.
In addition, if a potential acquisition target, joint venture, or strategic alliance candidate is identified, we may fail to enter into a definitive agreement with the candidate on commercially reasonable terms or at all. The negotiation and completion of potential acquisitions, joint ventures or strategic alliances, whether or not ultimately consummated, could also require significant diversion of management’s time and resources and could potentially disrupt our existing business. The expected synergies and cost savings from acquisitions, joint ventures or strategic alliances may not be realized and we may not achieve the expected results, including the synergies and cost savings we expect to realize. We may also have to incur significant charges in connection with future acquisitions. Future acquisitions or strategic alliances could also potentially result in the incurrence of additional indebtedness, dilutive issuance of equity securities, costs and contingent liabilities. We may also have to obtain approvals and licenses from the relevant government authorities for such transactions to comply with any applicable laws and regulations, which could result in increased costs and delay. Future strategic alliances or acquisitions may expose us to additional potential risks, including risks associated with:

•
uncertainties in assessing the value, strengths and potential profitability of, and identifying the extent of all weaknesses, risks and contingent and other liabilities of, acquisition targets or other transaction candidates;
•
our inability to generate sufficient revenue to recover costs and expenses of the strategic alliances or acquisitions;
•
potential loss of, or harm to, relationships with employees, customers and suppliers; and
•
unanticipated changes in business, industry or general economic conditions that affect the assumptions underlying the acquisition rationale.

Any of the above risks could significantly impair our ability to manage our business and materially harm our business, results of operations and financial position.
The hourly workforce in our industry is highly unionized and our business could be harmed by labor disruptions.
As of October 31, 2019, 15% of our U.S. hourly employees and 99% of our non-U.S. employees were unionized. Although we consider our current relations with our employees to be satisfactory, if major work disruptions were to occur, our business could be harmed by, for instance, a loss of revenues, increased costs or reduced profitability. We have not experienced a material labor disruption in our recent history, but there can be no assurance that we will not experience a material labor disruption at one of our facilities in the future in the course of renegotiation of our labor arrangements or otherwise.

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In addition, many of the hourly employees of our customers in North America and many of their other suppliers are unionized. Vehicle manufacturers, their suppliers and their respective employees in other countries are also subject to labor agreements. A work stoppage or strike at one of our production facilities, at those of a customer, or impacting a supplier of ours or any of our customers, such as the 2019 dispute between the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (collectively, the "United Auto Workers") and General Motors, could have a material adverse impact on us by disrupting demand for our products and/or our ability to manufacture our products.
We may incur costs related to product warranties, legal proceedings and other claims, which could materially harm our financial position and results of operations.

From time to time, we receive product warranty claims from our customers, as a result of which we may be required to bear the costs of repair or replacement of certain of our products. Vehicle manufacturers require their outside suppliers to guarantee or warrant their products and to be responsible for the operation of these component products in new vehicles sold to consumers. Warranty claims may range from individual customer claims to full recalls of all vehicles containing any of our products.

We vigorously defend ourselves in connection with all of the matters described above. We cannot, however, assure that the costs, charges and liabilities associated with these matters will not be material, or that those costs, charges and liabilities will not exceed any amounts reserved for them in our consolidated financial statements. In future periods, we could be subject to cash costs or charges to earnings if any of these matters are resolved unfavorably to us in amounts exceeding any reserves for such matters.
Product recalls by vehicle manufacturers could negatively impact our production levels, which could materially harm our business, financial position and results of operations.

Historically, there have been product recalls by some of the world’s largest vehicle manufacturers. Our risk to recalls of the products we manufacture is generally related to our workmanship on the product as opposed to the material and design of the products, as the design generally belongs to our customers and our parts are produced according to customer's specifications. Recalls, whether or not related to claims against us, may result in decreased vehicle production as a result of a manufacturer focusing its efforts on the problems underlying the recall rather than generating new sales volume. In addition, consumers may elect not to purchase vehicles manufactured by the vehicle manufacturer initiating the recall, or by other vehicle manufacturers, while the recalls persist. We do not maintain insurance in North America for product recall matters, as such insurance is not generally available on terms we deem acceptable. Any reduction in vehicle production volumes, especially by our OEM customers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
We rely on information technology and a failure of our information technology infrastructure or a breach of our information security could adversely impact our business and operations.

Our operations rely on a number of information technologies to manage, store and support business activities. We have a number of systems, processes and practices in place that are designed to protect against the failure of our systems. We recognize the increasing volume of cyber attacks and employ commercially practical efforts to provide reasonable assurance that risks of such attacks are appropriately mitigated. Despite our efforts to protect sensitive and confidential information and personal data, including our employees' personal information, our facilities and systems and those of our third-party service providers may be vulnerable to security breaches, disclosure, modification or destruction of proprietary and other key information, production downtimes and operational disruptions, which in turn could adversely affect our results of operations. Our systems and those of our service providers are vulnerable to circumstances beyond our reasonable control including acts of terror, acts of government, natural disasters, civil unrest and denial of service attacks which may lead to the theft of our intellectual property or trade secrets, disclosure, modification or destruction of proprietary and other key information and production downtimes and operational disruptions, which in turn could adversely affect our results of operations. To the extent that any disruption or security breach results in a loss or damage to our data or an inappropriate disclosure of confidential or protected personal information, it could cause significant damage to our reputation, affect our relationships with our customers, suppliers and employees, lead to claims against us and ultimately harm our business. Additionally, we may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future.

Changes in privacy laws, regulations and standards may cause our business to suffer.
Personal privacy and data security have become significant issues in the United States, Europe and in many other jurisdictions where we offer our products. The regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Federal, state, or foreign government bodies or agencies have in the

14



past adopted and may in the future adopt, laws and regulations affecting data privacy. In many jurisdictions, enforcement actions and consequences for noncompliance are rising. We may be required to incur significant costs to comply with privacy and data securities laws, rules and regulations. Any inability to adequately address privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, or to comply with applicable privacy and data security laws, rules and regulations could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, inhibit our sales and adversely affect our business.

If we are unable to protect our intellectual property or if a third party makes assertions against us or our customers relating to intellectual property rights, our business could be harmed.

We own important intellectual property, including patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secrets and are a party to licensing arrangements. Our intellectual property plays an important role in maintaining our competitive position. Notwithstanding our intellectual property portfolio, our competitors may develop technologies that are similar or superior to our proprietary technologies or design around the patents we own or license. Various patent, copyright, trade secret and trademark laws provide limited protection and may not prevent our competitors from duplicating our products or gaining access to our proprietary information. Further, as we expand our operations in jurisdictions where the protection of intellectual property rights is less robust, the risk of others duplicating our proprietary technologies increases, despite efforts we undertake to protect them.

On occasion, we may assert claims against third parties who are taking actions that we believe are infringing our intellectual property rights. Similarly, third parties may assert claims against us and our customers and distributors alleging our products infringe upon third party intellectual property rights. These claims, regardless of their merit or resolution, are frequently costly to prosecute, defend or settle and divert the efforts and attention of our management and employees. Claims of this sort also could harm our relationships with our customers and might deter future customers from doing business with us. If any such claim were to result in an adverse outcome, we could be required to take actions which may include: expending significant resources to develop or license non-infringing products, paying substantial damages to third parties, including to customers to compensate them for their discontinued use or replacing infringing technology with non-infringing technology or cessation of the manufacture, use or sale of the infringing products. Any of the foregoing results could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations, or our competitive position.
We are subject to risks associated with changing manufacturing technologies, which could place us at a competitive disadvantage.

The successful implementation of our business strategy requires us to continuously evolve our existing products and introduce new products to meet customers’ needs. Our products are characterized by stringent performance and specification requirements that mandate a high degree of manufacturing and engineering expertise. If we fail to meet these requirements, our business could be at risk. We believe that our customers rigorously evaluate their suppliers on the basis of a number of factors, including:

•
product quality;
•
technical expertise, product design and development capability;
•
new product innovation;
•
reliability and timeliness of delivery;
•
price competitiveness;
•
manufacturing expertise;
•
operational flexibility;
•
global production capabilities;
•
financial viability;
•
customer service; and
•
overall management.

Our success will depend on our ability to continue to meet our customers’ changing specifications with respect to these criteria. We may not be able to address technological advances or introduce new products that may be necessary to remain competitive within our businesses. Furthermore, we may not be able to adequately protect any of our own technological developments to produce a sustainable competitive advantage.
The loss of our executive officers or key employees may materially harm operations and the ability to manage the day-to-day aspects of our business.

Our future performance substantially depends on our ability to retain and motivate executive officers and key employees. Our ability to manage the day-to-day aspects of our business may be materially harmed with the loss of any of our executive

15



officers or key employees, many of whom have many years of experience with us and within the automotive industry and other manufacturing industries, or if we are unable to recruit qualified personnel. The loss of the services of executive officers or key employees, who also have strong personal ties with customers and suppliers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
We are involved from time to time in legal proceedings, claims or investigations, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

We are involved from time to time in legal proceedings, claims or investigations that could be significant. Such claims typically arise in the normal course of our business including, without limitation, commercial or contractual disputes, including disputes with suppliers, intellectual property matters, personal injury claims, environmental issues, tax matters and employment matters. If any such claims were to escalate beyond our historical experience with such claims, those claims could result in a material adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

We are subject to a variety of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and the cost of complying, or our failure to comply with such requirements, may materially harm our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

We are subject to a variety of federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations relating to the release or discharge of materials into the environment, the management, use, processing, handling, storage, transport or disposal of hazardous waste materials, or otherwise relating to the protection of public and employee health, safety and the environment. These laws and regulations expose us to liability for the environmental condition of our current facilities, and also may expose us to liability for the conduct of others or for our actions that were not in compliance with all applicable laws at the time these actions were taken or that resulted in contamination. These laws and regulations also may expose us to liability for claims of personal injury or property damage related to alleged exposure to hazardous or toxic materials. Despite our intentions to comply with all such laws and regulations, we cannot guarantee that we will at all times be in compliance with all such requirements. The cost of complying with these requirements may also increase substantially in future years. If we violate or fail to comply with these requirements, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. These laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and may become more stringent over time, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our failure to maintain and comply with environmental permits that we are required to maintain could result in fines or penalties or other sanctions and have a material adverse effect on our operations or results. Future events, such as new environmental regulations or changes in or modified interpretations of existing laws and regulations or enforcement policies, newly discovered information or further investigation or evaluation of the potential health hazards of products or business activities, may give rise to additional compliance and other costs that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations and cash flows.

The costs, charges and liabilities associated with these matters could be material, and such costs, charges and liabilities could exceed any amounts reserved for them in our consolidated financial statements.
We are subject to risks associated with our use of highly specialized machinery that cannot be easily replaced.

Our machinery and tooling are complex, cannot be easily replicated and have a long lead-time to manufacture. If there is a breakdown in such machinery and tooling, and we or our service providers are unable to repair in a timely fashion, obtaining replacement machinery or rebuilding tooling could involve significant delays and costs, and may not be available to us on reasonable terms or at all. Any disruption or damage to our machinery could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
New tariffs and other trade measures could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. 
The current U.S. administration has expressed strong concerns about imports from countries that it perceives as engaging in unfair trade practices, and it is possible the administration could impose import duties or other restrictions on products, components or raw materials sourced from those countries, which may include countries from which we import components or raw materials. Any such import duties or restrictions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Moreover, these new tariffs, or other changes in U.S. trade policy, could trigger retaliatory actions by affected countries. Certain foreign governments have instituted or are considering imposing trade sanctions on certain U.S. goods. Other foreign governments are considering the imposition of sanctions that will deny U.S. companies access to critical raw materials. A “trade war” of this nature or other governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements or policies has the potential to adversely impact demand for our products, our costs, customers, suppliers and/or the economic environments in which we operate and, thus, to adversely impact our businesses.

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In addition, there may be changes to existing trade agreements, like NAFTA and its anticipated successor agreement, the USMCA, which is still subject to approval by the United States, Mexico and Canada, greater restrictions on free trade generally, and significant increases in tariffs on goods imported into the United States, particularly tariffs on products manufactured in Mexico, among other possible changes. It remains unclear what the U.S. administration or foreign governments, will or will not do with respect to tariffs, NAFTA, USMCA or other international trade agreements and policies. Any changes to NAFTA (or subsequent trade agreements) could impact our operations in countries where we manufacture or sell products or source components, or materials, which could adversely affect our operating results and our business.

Changes in tax laws may adversely impact our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Tax laws are dynamic and subject to change as new laws are passed and new interpretations of the law are issued or applied. The U.S. enacted significant tax reform at the beginning of 2018, and certain provisions of the reformed law may adversely affect us. In addition, governmental tax authorities are increasingly scrutinizing the tax positions of companies. Many countries in the European Union, as well as a number of other countries and organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, are actively considering changes to existing tax laws that, if enacted, could increase our tax obligations in countries where we do business. If U.S. or foreign tax authorities change applicable tax laws, our overall taxes could increase, and our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely impacted.

Impairment charges relating to our goodwill or long lived assets could adversely affect our financial performance.

Goodwill represents the excess cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Generally accepted accounting principles require that goodwill be periodically evaluated for impairment. As of October 31, 2019, we had $22,395 of goodwill, or 3.4% of our total assets, that could be subject to impairment. Declines in our profitability or the value of comparable companies may impact the fair value which could result in a write-down of goodwill and a reduction of net income. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, we periodically assess these assets to determine if they are impaired. Significant negative industry or economic trends, disruptions to our business, inability to effectively integrate acquired businesses, unexpected significant changes or planned changes in use of these assets, changes in the structure of our business, divestitures, market capitalization declines, or increases in associated discount rates may impair our long lived assets. Any charges relating to impairments of goodwill or long lived assets may adversely affect our results of operations in the periods recognized.

Oak Tree Holdings LLC may exercise significant influence over us.

Oak Tree Holdings LLC and its affiliates owned 31% of our common stock as of October 31, 2019. As a result, Oak Tree Holdings LLC and its affiliates, which includes a member of the Company's Board of Directors, have significant influence over the vote in any election of directors and thereby the board of directors' policies and operations, including the appointment of management, future issuances of our common stock or other securities, the payment of dividends, if any, on our common stock, the incurrence of debt by us, amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws and the entering into of extraordinary transactions, and Oak Tree Holdings LLC's and its affiliates' interests may not in all cases be aligned with other stakeholders' interests. In addition, Oak Tree Holdings LLC and its affiliates may have an interest in pursuing acquisitions, divestitures and other transactions that, in their judgment, could enhance their investments, even though such transactions might involve risks to us or be opposed by other stockholders.
Changes in our effective tax rate may reduce our net income in future periods.
Our actual effective tax rate may vary from our expectation and that variance may be material and may have an adverse effect on our cash flows and our financial position. A number of factors may increase our future effective tax rates, including: (1) the jurisdictions in which profits are determined to be earned and taxed, (2) the resolution of issues arising from any current and future tax audits with various tax authorities, (3) changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, (4) increases in expenses not deductible for tax purposes, including transaction costs, restructuring costs and impairments of goodwill in connection with acquisitions, (5) changes in the taxation of share-based compensation, (6) changes in tax laws or the interpretation of such tax laws, and changes in generally accepted accounting principles, (7) expiration of or lapses in the research and development tax credit laws and (8) challenges to the transfer pricing policies related to our structure.


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Certain liabilities of our pension plans are underfunded and we have unfunded post-retirement benefit obligations. Additional cash contributions we may be required to make to our pension plans or amounts we may be required to pay in respect of post-retirement benefit obligations will reduce the cash available for our business.

A certain number of our employees in the United States are participants in defined benefit pension plans which we sponsor. As of October 31, 2019, the unfunded amount of our U.S. pension plans was $22.6 million. While future benefit accruals under our U.S. defined benefit plans were frozen, we may have ongoing obligations to make contributions to our U.S. pension plans as required in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. In addition, we sponsor unfunded post-retirement benefits for a limited number of employees. As of October 31, 2019, the unfunded amount for these post-retirement benefits was $0.3 million. Cash contributions to these plans and payment of these post-retirement benefit obligations will reduce the cash available for our business. Under ERISA, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (“PBGC”) has the authority to petition a court to terminate an underfunded defined benefit pension plan under limited circumstances. In the event our pension plans are terminated by the PBGC, we could be liable to the PBGC for the entire amount of the underfunding, as calculated by the PBGC based on its own assumptions (which likely would result in a larger obligation than that based on the assumptions it has used to fund such plans).

We may incur material costs related to plant closings, which could materially harm our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

If we must close manufacturing facilities because of lost business or consolidation of manufacturing facilities, the employee termination costs, asset retirements and other exit costs associated with the closure of these facilities may be significant. In certain circumstances, we may close a manufacturing facility that is operated under a lease agreement and we may continue to incur material costs in accordance with the lease agreement. We attempt to align production capacity with demand; however, we cannot provide assurance that plants will not have to be closed.
Failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting or remediate weaknesses could materially harm our revenues and trading price of the common stock. If we cannot accurately report financial results, stockholder confidence in our ability to pursue business and maintain the trading price of our common stock may be eroded.
An effective internal control system, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error and circumvention or overriding of controls and therefore can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to reliable financial reporting and preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. Our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements because of its inherent internal control limitations, including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls, or fraud.

Item 1B.     Unresolved Staff Comments

Not Applicable.

Item 2.
Properties.

We own our principal executive offices, which are located at 880 Steel Drive, Valley City, Ohio 44280.

We maintain 23 manufacturing facilities and 7 technical and administrative facilities located in Asia, Europe and North America encompassing approximately 3.7 million square feet. Of the 30 facilities, 18 are leased.

We believe that substantially all of our facilities are well maintained and in good operating condition. Our facilities are considered adequate for present needs and are expected to remain adequate for the near future.

Item 3.
Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings, claims or investigations that are incidental to the conduct of our business. We vigorously defend ourselves against such claims. In future periods, we could be subject to cash costs or non-cash charges to earnings if a matter is resolved on unfavorable terms. However, although the ultimate outcome of any legal matter cannot be predicted with certainty, based on current information, including assessment of the merits of the particular claims, we do not expect that our legal proceedings or claims will have a material impact on our future consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not Applicable.


PART II
Item 5.
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market Information    
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol "SHLO." On December 17, 2019, the closing price for our common stock was $3.53 per share.
Holders
As of the close of business on December 17, 2019, there were 125 stockholders of record for our common stock.
Dividends
We did not pay any dividends in 2019 or 2018. Our current Credit Agreement contains covenants that could restrict, under certain circumstances, the ability to pay dividends on our common stock. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, results of operations, cash requirements, financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant.

Performance Graph of Stock
 
The Company is a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and is not required to provide the information under this item.
Stock Issuable Under Equity Compensation Plan
The equity compensation plan information set forth in Item 12 of this Annual Report is incorporated by reference herein.
Recent Sale of Unregistered Securities
None.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
None.






    

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Item 6.    Selected Financial Data
The following table presents information from our Consolidated Financial Statements as of or for the five years ended October 31, 2019. This information should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
 
 
Year Ended October 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
(dollars in thousands, except per share amount)
Operating Results
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$1,054,707
 
$1,139,944
 
$1,041,986
 
$1,065,834
 
$1,073,052
Selling, general & administrative expenses (1)
 
71,312
 
88,604
 
83,070
 
73,401
 
62,976
Net income (loss)
 
(19,947)
 
11,479
 
(697)
 
3,669
 
5,905
Basic earnings (loss) per common share
 
$(0.85)
 
$0.49
 
$(0.04)
 
$0.21
 
$0.34
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share
 
$(0.85)
 
$0.49
 
$(0.04)
 
$0.21
 
$0.34
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Position
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$651,691
 
$709,675
 
$618,583
 
$626,429
 
$660,854
Long-term debt
 
248,695
 
245,351
 
181,065
 
256,922
 
298,873
Total liabilities
 
484,177
 
510,153
 
430,262
 
493,639
 
526,392
Total stockholders' equity
 
167,514
 
199,522
 
188,321
 
132,790
 
134,462

(1) Fiscal years 2015 through 2017 reflect the reclassification of non-service cost components of net benefit costs to outside of operating income as a result of ASU 2017-07 adoption effective November 1, 2017.



20




Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

General

Shiloh Industries, Inc. is a global innovative solutions provider to the automotive and commercial vehicle market with a strategic focus on designing, engineering and manufacturing lightweight technologies that improve performance and benefit the environment. We offer the broadest portfolio of lightweighting solutions in the industry through our BlankLight®, CastLight® and StampLight® brands and are uniquely qualified to supply product solutions utilizing multiple lightweighting solutions. This includes combining castings and stampings or innovative, multi-material products in aluminum, magnesium, steel and steel alloys. We design and manufacture components in body, chassis and powertrain systems with expertise in precision blanks, ShilohCore® acoustic laminates, aluminum and steel laser welded blanks, complex stampings, modular assemblies, aluminum and magnesium die casting, as well as precision machined components.  We have over 3,600 dedicated employees with operations, sales and technical centers throughout Asia, Europe and North America.

Recent Trends and General Economic Conditions Affecting the Automotive Industry

Our business and operating results are directly affected by the relative strength of the North American, European and Asian automotive industries, which are driven by factors that continue to be critical to our success including winning new business awards, managing our overall global manufacturing footprint to ensure proper placement and workforce levels in line with business needs, maintaining competitive wages and benefits, maximizing efficiencies in manufacturing processes and reducing overall costs. In addition, our ability to adapt to key industry trends, such as shifts in consumer preferences to other vehicles in response to higher fuel costs and other economic and social factors, increasing technologically sophisticated content, increasing environmental standards and extended product life of automotive parts, also play a critical role in our success. Other factors that are critical to our success include changes in raw material costs, negotiation of price increases and cost reduction initiatives. In addition, recent trade actions initiated by the U.S. imposing tariffs on imports have been met with retaliatory tariffs by other countries, adding a level of tension and uncertainty to the global economic environment. These and other actions are likely to impact trade policies with other countries and the overall global economy. We are carefully monitoring capacity and availability of the alloys utilized in our production process. The automotive industry remains susceptible to these factors that impact consumer spending habits and could adversely impact consumer demand for vehicles.

Due to the diversification of our business, we are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. Over the past 12 months, the U.S. dollar has continued to strengthen against foreign currencies and in doing so, has reduced the amount of income we would have recognized from our international operations. We cannot predict the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on our future operating results. We may use a combination of natural hedging techniques and financial derivatives to protect against certain foreign currency exchange rate risks.

We operate in an extremely competitive industry, driven by global vehicle production volumes. Business is typically awarded to the supplier offering the most favorable combination of cost, quality, technology and service. Customers continue to demand periodic cost reductions that require us to assess, redefine and improve operations, products, and manufacturing capabilities to maintain and improve profitability. Our management continues to develop and execute initiatives designed to meet challenges of the industry and to achieve our strategy for sustainable global profitable growth.

Capacity utilization levels are very important to profitability because of the capital-intensive nature of our operations. We continue to adapt our capacity to meet customer demand, both expanding capabilities in growth areas as well as reallocating capacity between manufacturing facilities as needs arise. We employ new technologies to differentiate our products from our competitors and to achieve higher quality and productivity. We believe that we have sufficient capacity to meet current and expected manufacturing needs.

For our aluminum and magnesium die casting operations, the cost of the materials is adjusted frequently to align with secured purchase commitments based on customer releases or based on referenced metal index plus additional material cost spreads agreed to by us and our customers.

21



Our products are included in many models of vehicles manufactured by nearly all OEMs that produce vehicles in Asia, Europe and North America. Our revenues are dependent upon the production of automobiles and light trucks in both Europe and North America. According to industry statistics, Asia, Europe and North America automotive production volumes for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in thousands):
Production Volumes
Year Ended October 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Asia
24,531

 
27,931

 
27,954

Europe
21,361

 
22,331

 
21,966

North America
16,391

 
16,971

 
17,248

Total
62,283

 
67,233

 
67,168

 
 
 
 
 
 
Asia:
 
 
 
 
 
Change from prior year
(3,400
)
 
(23
)
 
 
% Change from prior year
(12.2
)%
 
(0.1
)%
 
 
Europe:
 
 
 
 
 
Change from prior year
(970
)
 
365

 
 
% Change from prior year
(4.3
)%
 
1.7
 %
 
 
North America
 
 
 
 
 
Change from prior year
(580
)
 
(277
)
 
 
% Change from prior year
(3.4
)%
 
(1.6
)%
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
Change from prior year
(4,950
)
 
65

 
 
% Change from prior year
(7.4
)%
 
0.1
 %
 
 

Asia:
Asia Pacific automotive production volumes declined in fiscal 2019. The decline in production volumes was due to uncertainty related to the trade dispute between China and the U.S., increasing emission standards and tightened credit for prospective buyers. The ongoing trade dispute between China and the U.S. has negatively impacted consumer confidence. New emission standards recently became effective, which require all new vehicles sold in China to meet higher standards. Consumers pulled forward purchases to buy cars under the old emission standards. Industry analysts anticipate a stabilization of production volumes through the remainder of 2019. In 2020, we expect China may show signs of modest recovery as the impact of the new emissions standards subside and the market returns to a more normalized basis supported by government stimulus measures and the potential resolution of the China and U.S. trade dispute.

Europe:

Signs of a weakening European economy have been evident with a reduction in light vehicle production levels in 2019 to levels below those of 2017. Uncertainty about the economic environment in Europe has continued to grow due to a number of factors. The United Kingdom's decision to withdraw from the European Union could have an effect on the economy of the remaining European Union countries, as no trade deal has been signed. This lack of a trade deal also increases industry concerns relating to the potential effect on production in the United Kingdom factories and resulting sales impacts.

The European economy is showing signs of a slowdown with manufacturing slumping, especially with the Quantitative Easing by the European Central Bank. This program was used to stimulate the economy and increase liquidity, primarily in Southern Europe. The European automotive market outlook has declined with this uncertainty along with further concerns stemming from the 2020/2021 carbon dioxide regulations which carry with them significant fines for noncompliance.  






22



North America:
    
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America went on strike against General Motors. This strike affected the production level of all vehicles specific to General Motors in North America and was a key factor in the decline of light weight automotive vehicles during fiscal 2019. A resolution to the strike was reached on October 25, 2019.

The overall North American light vehicle market has shown modest signs of weakening demand levels since 2017 with the uncertainty surrounding the potential effects of trade policies, restrictions and practices being implemented or considered by the existing government leadership in the United States. Consumer confidence levels have also seen a decline in recent months. Economic conditions in North America that remain relatively favorable are the improving employment levels and comparatively low/stable fuel prices.
 
We expect modest declines in the North American economic climate to continue for the remainder of the year and into 2020. Fluctuating interest rates, high levels of consumer debt and declining used car prices are also developments that could constrict future demand for new vehicles.

Most of our steel is purchased through customers’ steel buying programs. Under these programs, the customer negotiates the price for steel with the steel suppliers. We pay for the steel based on these negotiated prices and pass on those costs to the customer. Although we take ownership of the steel, our customers are responsible for all steel price fluctuations under these programs. We also purchase steel directly from domestic primary steel producers and steel service centers. Current demand for construction and oil industry related steel products and stable automotive production have helped the market rebound from historic lows with steel pricing stabilizing. The impact is the combination of the change in steel prices that are reflected in the price of our products, the change in the cost to procure steel from the source and the change in our recovery of offal. Our strategy is to be economically neutral to steel pricing by having these factors offset each other. As the price of steel has risen, so have the scrap metal markets as they are highly correlated. We blank and process steel for some of our customers on a toll processing basis. Under these arrangements, we charge a tolling fee for the operations that we perform without acquiring ownership of the steel and being burdened with the attendant costs of ownership or risk of loss. Revenues from operations involving directly owned steel include a component of raw material cost whereas toll processing revenues do not.
Transformation
With the slowdown in the North American and European economies and the uncertainty with Brexit, we have continued to strategically transform our business through realignment of manufacturing processes, headcount reduction, consolidation of administrative functions and process improvements.   The transformation efforts have resulted  in some one-time restructuring costs in  2019.   The  transformation is anticipated to be completed at the end of 2020.  We expect the strategic transformation to result in a more profitable operation poised to capitalize on future opportunities to gain market share. 
    
Results of Operations

Year Ended October 31, 2019 Compared to Year Ended October 31, 2018

REVENUES. Revenues for fiscal 2019 were $1,054,707, a decrease of $85,237 from fiscal 2018 of $1,139,944, or 7.5%. The decrease in revenue was driven partially by the United Auto Workers' strike on General Motors that was effective for 40 days during the Company's fourth quarter in fiscal 2019, which reduced our production and distribution. The decrease in revenue was also impacted by negative currency effects of approximately $20 million, a nonrecurring $19.9 million favorable impact in fiscal 2018 relating to assisting a customer through a competing supplier's unplanned plant closure and the impact related to the exit of certain unprofitable products in the prior year of $24.1 million.
  
GROSS PROFIT. Gross profit for fiscal 2019 was $90,576 compared to gross profit of $116,095 in fiscal 2018, a decrease of $25,519, or (22.0)% . Gross profit as a percentage of sales was 8.6% for fiscal 2019 and 10.2% for fiscal 2018, a decline of 1.6%. The decline in gross profit as a percentage of sales was primarily due to inefficiencies related to product launches and a nonrecurring $14 million favorable impact in fiscal 2018 related to assisting a customer through a competing supplier's unplanned plant closure.

SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES. Selling, general and administrative expenses support the growth in sales opportunities, new technologies, new product launches and acquisition activities. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $71,312 for fiscal 2019 and a decrease of $17,292 from fiscal 2018 of $88,604. As a percentage of

23



sales, these expenses were 6.8% of sales for fiscal 2019 and 7.8% for fiscal 2018. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was driven by a decrease in compensation costs of approximately $11.5 million and other costs such as travel and entertainment, which is in line with the Company's restructuring initiatives.

AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS. Amortization of intangible assets expense was $2,075 for fiscal 2019 and $2,372 for fiscal 2018.

RESTRUCTURING. Restructuring charges of $17,072 were recorded during fiscal 2019 and $6,613 in fiscal 2018 based upon strategic decisions to provide a more efficient and focused business footprint. These costs primarily included employee-related costs, professional and legal fees and other related costs.

ASSET IMPAIRMENT. During 2019, we continued to restructure and realign our European business to optimize future performance for recent industry declines in sales volume and forecasted declines. The annual assessment of goodwill considered changes in macroeconomic conditions, industry trends, Brexit, operating results and the timing of the transformation, which resulted in an impairment due to the reduction in calculated fair value. The total asset impairment for fiscal 2019 was $5,701 and no impairment was recognized in fiscal 2018.
 
INTEREST EXPENSE. Interest expense for fiscal 2019 was $16,258, compared to interest expense of $11,343 during fiscal 2018. The higher interest expense resulted from a higher weighted average interest rate on the floating rate debt.

OTHER EXPENSE, NET. Other income (expense), net was $1,272 for fiscal 2019 and $(913) for fiscal 2018, a positive change of $2,185. Other income (expense), net primarily reflects a favorable impact from the sale of the Company's Pendergrass Facility.

PROVISION / BENEFIT FOR INCOME TAXES. The provision for income taxes in fiscal 2019 was a benefit of $611 on a loss before taxes of $20,558 for an effective tax rate of 3.0%. In fiscal 2018, the provision for income taxes was a tax benefit of $5,219 on income before taxes of $6,260 for an effective tax rate of (83.4)%. The effective tax rate for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 varies from the statutory rate due to income taxes on foreign earnings which are taxed at rates different from the U.S. statutory rate, certain foreign losses without tax benefits, change to valuation allowance against certain foreign deferred tax assets and tax return to provision adjustments.
 
NET INCOME (LOSS). The net loss for fiscal 2019 was ($19,947), or $0.85 per share, compared to net income in fiscal year 2018 of $11,479, or $0.49 per share.
 

Results of Operations
Year Ended October 31, 2018 Compared to Year Ended October 31, 2017

REVENUES. Revenues for fiscal 2018 were $1,139,944, an increase of $97,958 from fiscal 2017 of $1,041,986, or 9.4%. The Brabant acquisitions accounted for $82,578. New program launches with several customers such as FCA, General Motors, Honda and Tesla were also key drivers in the revenue growth.

GROSS PROFIT. Gross profit for fiscal 2018 was $116,095 compared to gross profit of $115,355 in fiscal 2017, an increase of $740, or 0.6%. Gross profit as a percentage of sales was 10.2% for fiscal 2018 and 11.1% for fiscal 2017, a decline of 900 basis points. The decline in gross profit as a percentage of sales was primarily due to program launch costs.

SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES. Selling, general and administrative expenses support the growth in sales opportunities, new technologies, new product launches and acquisition activities. Selling, general and administrative expenses of $88,604 for fiscal 2018 and an increase of $5,534 from fiscal 2017 of $83,070. As a percentage of sales, these expenses were 7.8% of sales for fiscal 2018 and 8.0% for fiscal 2017. Acquisition related expenses were $3,743 in fiscal 2018.

AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS. Amortization of intangible assets expense of $2,372 for fiscal 2018 was similar to amortization of intangible assets expense of $2,259 for the prior year.

RESTRUCTURING. Restructuring charges of $6,613 were recorded during fiscal 2018 and $4,777 in fiscal 2017 based upon strategic decisions to provide a more efficient and focused footprint allowing us to operate with lower fixed costs. These

24



costs primarily included employee-related costs, professional fees and other related costs. We expect to incur additional expense of $5,610 over the next fifteen months.
    
INTEREST EXPENSE. Interest expense for fiscal 2018 was $11,343, compared to interest expense of $15,088 during fiscal 2017. The decrease in interest expense was the result of lowering borrowing rates.

OTHER EXPENSE, NET. Other expense, net was $913 for fiscal 2018, compared to other expense, net of $3,501 for fiscal 2017, a decrease of $2,588. Other expense, net primarily reflects a favorable impact from foreign currency transaction gains of $1,527.

PROVISION / BENEFIT FOR INCOME TAXES. The provision for income taxes in fiscal 2018 was a tax benefit of $5,219 on income before taxes of $6,260 for an effective tax rate of (83.4%). In fiscal year 2017, the provision for income taxes was a tax expense of $7,120 on a loss before taxes of $6,423 for an effective tax rate of 110.9%. The effective tax rate for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2018 and 2017 varies from the statutory rate due to income taxes on foreign earnings which are taxed at rates different from the U.S. statutory rate, certain foreign losses without tax benefits, change to valuation allowance against certain foreign deferred tax assets and tax return to provision adjustments.

NET INCOME (LOSS). Net income for fiscal 2018 was $11,479, or $0.49 per share, compared to net loss in fiscal year 2017 of $(697), or $0.04 per share.


Liquidity and Capital Resources

General:
Our ability to obtain adequate cash to fund our needs depends generally on the results of our operations and the availability of financing. We believe that cash on hand, cash flow from operations and available borrowings under our Credit Agreement will be sufficient to fund capital expenditures and meet our operating obligations for the next twelve months. As of October 31, 2019, we had available borrowings of $97,051, which are subject to compliance with financial covenants, and cash of $14,320, with $13,101 in foreign subsidiaries. In the longer term, we believe that expected operations will provide adequate long-term cash flows. However, there can be no assurance that we will meet such expectations. For additional information, refer to the Company's Risk Factors described in Item 1A, included in Part 1 of this report.

Cash Flows and Working Capital:

At October 31, 2019, total debt was $250,670 and total equity was $167,514, resulting in a capitalization rate of 59.9% debt, 40.1% equity. Current assets were $275,999 and current liabilities were $208,138, resulting in positive working capital of $67,861.

The following table summarizes the Company's cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended
 
Year Ended
 
Years Ended October 31,
 
2019 vs. 2018
 
2018 vs. 2017
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
change
 
change
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
31,246

 
$
53,226

 
$
76,315

 
$
(21,980
)
 
$
(23,089
)
Net cash used in investing activities
$
(36,977
)
 
$
(109,057
)
 
$
(39,620
)
 
$
72,080

 
$
(69,437
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
$
2,864

 
$
63,700

 
$
(37,523
)
 
$
(60,836
)
 
$
101,223












25





Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:
 
Years Ended October 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Operational cash flow before changes in operating assets and liabilities
$
35,325

 
$
52,092

 
$
56,884

 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
     Accounts receivable, net
34,114

 
(1,426
)
 
(2,919
)
     Inventories, net
7,083

 
412

 
(888
)
     Prepaids and other assets
(1,619
)
 
1,733

 
5,375

     Payables and other liabilities
(41,644
)
 
(1,462
)
 
16,715

     Prepaid and accrued income taxes
(2,013
)
 
1,877

 
1,148

     Total change in operating assets and liabilities
$
(4,079
)
 
$
1,134

 
$
19,431

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
31,246

 
$
53,226

 
$
76,315


Cash inflow and outflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities:
•
Cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities was $4,079 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019 and was negatively impacted by higher costs associated with new product launches. Cash inflows for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018 was $1,134 and was positively impacted by increased sales associated with new product launches. Cash inflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities was $19,431 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2017 and was positively impacted by the timing of collections and payments.
•
Cash inflows from changes in accounts receivable for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019 was $34,114 as a result of accounts receivable factoring and increased collection activities. Cash outflows from changes in accounts receivable for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018 was $1,426 as a result of sales increases. Cash outflows from changes in accounts receivable for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2017 was $2,919, primarily driven by sales decreases and timing of collections.
•
Cash inflows (outflows) from changes in inventory for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $7,083, $412, and $(888), respectively. All three years of changes were driven by a change in customer mix and delivery timing.
•
Cash outflows from changes in prepaids and other assets for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019 was $1,619 as a result of timing of tooling expenditures compared to cash receipts. Cash inflows from changes in prepaids and other assets for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018 was $1,733 as a result of an improvement in the process of invoicing of customer reimbursed tooling. Cash inflows from changes in prepaids and other assets for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2017 was $5,375 also due to an improvement in the process of invoicing of customer reimbursed tooling.
•
Cash outflows from changes in payables and other liabilities for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019 was $41,644 resulting from the timing of payments related to capital expenditures and customer funded tooling. Cash outflows from changes in payables and other liabilities for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018 was $1,462 as a result of the timing of payments related to capital expenditures and customer funded tooling. Cash inflows from changes in payables and other liabilities for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2017 was $16,715, as a result of favorable raw material pricing.
•
Cash outflows from changes in prepaid and accrued income taxes for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019 was $2,013 and was primarily driven by federal income tax payments. Cash inflows for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018 was $1,877 and was primarily driven by federal income tax refunds. Cash inflows of $1,148 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2017 was primarily due to tax refunds.

Net Cash Used For Investing Activities:

Net cash used for investing activities in fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $36,977, $109,057 and $39,620, respectively, and consisted primarily of $62,514 for acquisitions in 2018 and cash used for capital expenditures during fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017 of $55,225, $50,135 and $48,395, respectively. The capital expenditures are attributed to projects for new business awards and product launches. For fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, proceeds from the sales of assets generated $12,393, $3,592

26



and $7,605, respectively. The total proceeds from the sale of assets during fiscal 2019 relates to the sale of equipment and of a facility. The total proceeds from the sale of assets during fiscal 2018 relates to the sale of unique equipment related to lower margin parts we have sunset.
    
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities:

Net cash provided by financing activities in fiscal year 2019 was $2,864 and was used primarily for capital expenditures. Net cash provided by financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $63,700 and was used primarily for acquisitions. Net cash used in fiscal year 2017 was $37,523. For fiscal 2017, financing activities included $40,227 of net proceeds from the public offering in July 2017, offset by $77,750 for funding working capital and debt payments. As of October 31, 2019, the Company's long-term indebtedness was $248,695.
    
We continue to closely monitor the business conditions affecting the automotive industry and closely monitor our working capital position to ensure adequate funds for operations. In addition, we anticipate that funds from operations will be adequate to meet the obligations and covenants under the Credit Agreement, as well as scheduled payments for the equipment security note, capital leases and repayment of other debt totaling $1,975 over the next five years.

Revolving Credit Facility:

On June 6, 2019, we executed the Ninth Amendment to the Credit Agreement, which improved certain thresholds for the consolidated leverage ratio and various baskets related to the indebtedness of foreign subsidiaries, disposition of assets, capital expenditures and sale leaseback transactions. The Ninth Amendment also adjusted the interest rate margins based on the applicable pricing tiers, but did not modify the aggregate revolving commitments under the Credit Agreement.

On October 31, 2017, we executed the Eighth Amendment to our Credit Agreement (the "Amendment") which among other things, provides for an aggregate availability of $350,000, $275,000 of which is available to the Company through the Tranche A Facility and $75,000 of which is available to the Dutch borrower through the Tranche B Facility, and eliminates the scheduled reductions in such availability. The amendment increases the aggregate amount of incremental commitment increases allowed under the Credit Agreement to up to $150,000 subject to our pro forma compliance with financial covenants, the Administrative Agent’s approval and the Company obtaining commitments for any such increase. The Amendment extended the commitment period to October 31, 2022.

On July 31, 2017, we executed the Seventh Amendment which modifies investments in subsidiaries and various cumulative financial covenant thresholds, in each case, under the Credit Agreement. The Seventh Amendment also enhances our ability to take advantage of customer supply chain finance programs.     

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest, at our option, at LIBOR or the base (or "prime") rate established from time to time by the Administrative Agent, in each case plus an applicable margin. The Fifth Amendment provides for an interest rate margin on LIBOR loans of 1.5% to 3.0% and 0.5% to 2.0% on base rate loans, depending on our leverage ratio.
    
The Credit Agreement contains customary restrictive and financial covenants, including covenants regarding our outstanding indebtedness and maximum leverage and interest coverage ratios. The Credit Agreement also contains standard provisions relating to conditions of borrowing. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains customary events of default, including the non-payment of obligations by the Company and the bankruptcy of the Company. If an event of default occurs, all amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement may be accelerated and become immediately due and payable. We were in compliance with the financial covenants as of October 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018.    

After considering letters of credit of $4,254 that we have issued, unused commitments under the Credit Agreement were $97,051 at October 31, 2019.
Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are collateralized by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the tangible and intangible property of the Company and our domestic subsidiaries and 66% of the stock of foreign subsidiaries.
Other Debt:

On August 1, 2018, we entered into a finance agreement with an insurance broker for various insurance policies that bears interest at a fixed rate of 2.05% and requires monthly payments of $94 through May 2019.


27



We maintain capital leases for equipment used in our manufacturing facilities with lease terms expiring during fiscal 2020. As of October 31, 2019, the present value of minimum lease payments under our capital leases was $1,975.

Our contractual obligations as of October 31, 2019 are summarized below:    
Maturities of Debt Obligations:
 
Credit Agreement (1)
 
Capital Lease Obligations (2)
 
Operating Leases
 
Total
Less than 1 year
 
$12,882
 
$2,000
 
$12,040
 
$26,922
1-3 years
 
274,460
 
—
 
14,062
 
288,522
3-5 years
 
—
 
—
 
6,533
 
6,533
After 5 years
 
—
 
—
 
10,513
 
10,513
Total
 
$287,342
 
$2,000
 
$43,148
 
$332,490
(1) The credit agreement includes estimated interest payments; interest payments on the variable rate debt were calculated using the effective interest rate of 5.18% at October 31, 2019.
(2) The capital lease obligations include the remaining interest payments that are based on the Stockholm Interbank Offered Rate ("STIBOR") 90 of 2.25% at October 31, 2019.

    
Critical Accounting Estimates
Preparation of our financial statements are in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and in the accompanying notes. We believe our estimates and assumptions are reasonable; however, actual results and the timing of the recognition of such amounts could differ from those estimates. We have identified the following items as critical accounting policies and estimates utilized by management in the preparation of the Company’s accompanying financial statements. These estimates were selected because of inherent imprecision that may result from applying judgment to the estimation process. The expenses and accrued liabilities or allowances related to these policies are initially based on our best estimates at the time they are recorded. Adjustments are charged or credited to income and the related balance sheet account when actual experience differs from the expected experience underlying the estimates. We make frequent comparisons of actual experience and expected experience in order to mitigate the likelihood that material adjustments will be required.

Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

Management judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities and the valuation allowance recorded against the Company’s net deferred tax assets. In calculating the provision for income taxes on an interim basis, the Company uses an estimate of the annual effective tax rate based upon the facts and circumstances known at each interim period. In determining the need for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial performance of the operation recording the net deferred tax asset is considered along with any other pertinent information. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to the Company’s valuation allowance may be necessary.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. at the federal and state level and numerous non-U.S. jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is less than certain. Accruals for income tax contingencies are provided for in accordance with the requirements of ASC Topic 740. The Company’s U.S. federal and certain state income tax returns and certain non-U.S. income tax returns are currently under various stages of audit by applicable tax authorities. Although the outcome of ongoing tax audits is always uncertain, management believes that it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns and that its annual tax provisions included amounts sufficient to pay assessments, if any, which may be proposed by the taxing authorities. At October 31, 2019, the Company has recorded a liability for its best estimate of the more-likely-than-not loss on certain of its tax positions, which is included in other non-current liabilities. Nonetheless, the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA") that was signed into law in December 2017 constitutes a major change to the U.S. tax system. The estimated impact of the law is based on management’s current interpretations of the Act and related assumptions. Our final tax liability may be materially different from current estimates based on regulatory developments and our further analysis

28



of the impacts of the Act. In future periods, our effective tax rate could be subject to additional uncertainty as a result of regulatory developments related to Act.

Refer to Note 17, "Income Taxes," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report for more information regarding income taxes.

Intangible Assets. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. We amortize our acquired intangible assets with finite lives on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from three months to 15 years. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of the current intangible assets and their estimated amortization expense.

Finite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their related carrying value may not be fully recordable.

Goodwill. Goodwill is the excess of cost of an acquired entity over the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill relates to and is assigned directly to specific reporting units. Goodwill is not amortized but is subject to impairment assessment. In accordance with ASC 350, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other," we assess goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently, if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below the carrying amount. Our annual impairment assessment is performed as of September 30. Such assessment can be done on a qualitative or quantitative basis. When conducting a qualitative assessment, we consider relevant events and circumstances that affect the fair value or carrying amount of the reporting unit. A quantitative test is required only if we conclude that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, or we elect not to perform a qualitative assessment of a reporting unit. We consider the extent to which each of the events and circumstances identified affect the comparison of the reporting unit's fair value or the carrying amount. Such events and circumstances could include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance, entity and reporting unit specific events, product brand level specific events and cost factors. We place more weight on the events and circumstances that may affect our determination of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. These factors are all considered by management in reaching its conclusion about whether to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment.

We perform a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill in that reporting unit.

Share-based Payments. We record compensation expense for the fair value of nonvested stock option awards and restricted stock awards over the remaining vesting period. We use the simplified method to calculate the expected term of the stock options outstanding at five to six years and have utilized historical weighted average volatility. We determine the volatility and risk-free rate assumptions used in computing the fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The expected term for the restricted stock award is between three months and four years. In addition, we do not estimate a forfeiture rate at the time of grant, instead, we elected to recognize share-based compensation expense when actual forfeitures occur.

The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the stock-based award and stock price volatility. The assumptions used are management’s best estimates, but the estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if other assumptions had been used, the recorded stock-based compensation expense could have been materially different from that depicted in the financial statements.

New restricted stock and restricted stock units grants are valued at the closing market price on the date of grant.

U.S. Pension and Other Post-retirement Costs and Liabilities. We have recorded pension and other post-retirement benefit liabilities that are developed from actuarial valuations for our U.S. operations. The pension plans were frozen in November of 2006 and therefore contributions by participants are not allowed. The determination of our pension liabilities requires key assumptions regarding discount rates used to determine the present value of future benefit payments and the expected return on plan assets. The discount rate is also significant to the development of other post-retirement liabilities. We determine these assumptions in consultation with, and after input from our actuaries.

The discount rate reflects the estimated rate at which the pension and other post-retirement liabilities could be settled at the end of the year. For our U.S. operations, we use the Principal Pension Discount Yield Curve ("Principal Curve") as the basis for determining the discount rate for reporting pension and retiree medical liabilities. At October 31, 2019, the resulting discount rate from the use of the Principal Curve was 3.05%, a decrease of 1.30% that contributed to an increase of the benefit obligation of $8,338. A decrease of 25 basis points in the discount rate at October 31, 2019 would decrease expense on an annual basis by

29



$260 or an increase of 25 basis points would increase expense on an annual basis by $19. At October 31, 2018, the resulting discount rate from the use of the Principal Curve was 4.35%, an increase of 0.70% that contributed to a decrease of the benefit obligation of $5,627. A change of 25 basis points in the discount rate at October 31, 2018 would increase expense on an annual basis by $6 or decrease expense on an annual basis by $9.

The assumed long-term rate of return on pension assets is applied to the market value of plan assets to derive a reduction to pension expense that approximates the expected average rate of asset investment return over ten or more years. A decrease in the expected long-term rate of return will increase pension expense whereas an increase in the expected long-term rate will reduce pension expense. Decreases in the level of plan assets will serve to increase the amount of pension expense whereas increases in the level of actual plan assets will serve to decrease the amount of pension expense. Any shortfall in the actual return on plan assets from the expected return will increase pension expense in future years due to the amortization of the shortfall, whereas any excess in the actual return on plan assets from the expected return will reduce pension expense in future periods due to the amortization of the excess. A change of 25 basis points in the assumed rate of return on pension assets would increase or decrease expense by $166.

Our investment policy for assets of the plans is to maintain an allocation generally of 30% to 70% in equity securities, 30% to 70% in debt securities and 0% to 10% in real estate. Equity security investments are structured to achieve an equal balance between growth and value stocks. We determine the annual rate of return on pension assets by first analyzing the composition of its asset portfolio. Historical rates of return are applied to the portfolio. Our investment advisors and actuaries review this computed rate of return. Industry comparables and other outside guidance are also considered in the annual selection of the expected rates of return on pension assets.

For the year ended October 31, 2019, the actual return on pension plans’ assets for all of our plans was 10.2%, which is higher than the expected rate of return on plan assets of 6.5% used to derive pension expense. The long-term expected rate of return takes into account years with exceptional gains and years with exceptional losses.

Actual results that differ from these estimates may result in more or less future Company funding into the pension plans than is planned by management. Based on plan performance and funding status, we had one contribution for fiscal 2018 required in the third quarter.


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements with unconsolidated entities or other persons.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

This information can be found in Note 1 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in our notes to the consolidated financial statements of Shiloh Industries, Inc., included in Item 8 of this Report.
Effect of Inflation, Deflation
Inflation generally affects us by increasing the interest expense of floating rate indebtedness and by increasing the cost of labor, equipment and raw materials. The level of inflation has not had a material effect on our consolidated financial results for the past three years.
In periods of decreasing prices, deflation occurs and may also affect our results of operations. With respect to steel purchases, we purchase steel through customers' steel buying programs which protects recovery of the cost of steel through the selling price of our products. For non-steel buying programs, we align the cost of steel purchases with the related selling price of the product. For our aluminum and magnesium die casting business, the cost of the materials is adjusted frequently to align with secured purchase commitments based on customer releases or based on referenced metal index plus additional material cost spreads agreed to by us and our customers.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements made by Shiloh set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding our operating performance, events or developments that we believe will or expect to occur in the future, including those that discuss strategies, goals, outlook or other non-historical matters, or which relate to future sales, earnings expectations, cost savings, awarded sales, volume growth, earnings or general belief in our expectations of future operating results are "forward-looking" statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

30



The forward-looking statements are made on the basis of management's assumptions and expectations. As a result, there can be no guarantee or assurance that these assumptions and expectations will in fact occur. The forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to materially differ from those contained in the statements.
Listed below are some of the factors that could potentially cause actual results to differ materially from expected future results.
•
our ability to accomplish our strategic objectives
•
our ability to obtain future sales
•
changes in worldwide economic and political conditions, including adverse effects from terrorism or related hostilities
•
costs related to legal and administrative matters
•
our ability to realize cost savings expected to offset price concessions
•
our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses, including businesses located outside of the United States
•
risks associated with doing business internationally, including economic, political and social instability, foreign currency exposure and the lack of acceptance of our products
•
inefficiencies related to production and product launches that are greater than anticipated
•
changes in technology and technological risks
•
work stoppages and strikes at our facilities and that of our customers or suppliers
•
our dependence on the automotive and heavy truck industries, which are highly cyclical
•
the dependence of the automotive industry on consumer spending, which is subject to the impact of domestic and international economic conditions affecting car and light truck production
•
regulations and policies regarding international trade
•
financial and business downturns of our customers or vendors, including any production cutbacks or bankruptcies
•
increases in the price of, or limitations on the availability of aluminum, magnesium or steel, our primary raw materials, or decreases in the price of scrap steel
•
the successful launch and consumer acceptance of new vehicles for which we supply parts
•
the impact on financial statements of any known or unknown accounting errors or irregularities; and the magnitude of any adjustments in restated financial statements of our operating results
•
the occurrence of any event or condition that may be deemed a material adverse effect under our outstanding indebtedness or a decrease in customer demand which could cause a covenant default under our outstanding indebtedness
•
changes to tariffs or trade agreements, or the imposition of new tariffs or trade restrictions imposed on steel or aluminum materials which we use, including changes related to tariffs on automotive imports
•
pension plan funding requirements
•
other factors besides those listed here could also materially affect our business
See "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a more complete discussion of these risks and uncertainties. Any or all of these risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements reflect management's analysis only as of the date of filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We undertake no obligation to publicly revise these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to the disclosures contained herein, readers should carefully review risks and uncertainties contained in other documents we file from time to time with the SEC.

31



Item 7A.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk (Dollar amounts in thousands)

Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices. We are exposed to market risk throughout the normal course of our business operations due to purchases of metals, sales of scrap steel, our ongoing investing and financing activities, and exposure to foreign currency exchange rates. As such, we have established policies and procedures to govern our management of market risks.

Commodity Pricing Risk

Steel is the primary raw material used by the Company and a majority of the purchased steel is acquired through various OEM steel buying programs. Buying through the customer steel buying programs mitigates the impact of price fluctuations associated with the procurement of steel. The remainder of our steel purchasing requirements is met through contracts with various steel suppliers. At times, we may be unable to either avoid increases in steel prices or pass through any price increases to our customers. We refer to the "net steel impact" as the combination of the change in steel prices that are reflected in the price of products, the change in the cost to procure steel from the steel sources and the change in our recovery of offal. Our strategy is to be economically neutral to steel pricing by having these factors offset each other. Although we strive to achieve a neutral net steel impact, we may not always be successful in achieving that goal, in part due to timing difference. The timing of a change in the price of steel may occur in different periods and if a change occurs, that change may have a disproportionate effect, within any fiscal period, on our product pricing. Depending upon when a steel price change or offal price change occurs, that change may have a disproportionate effect, within any particular fiscal period, on its product pricing, our steel costs and the results of our offal recovery. Net imbalances in any one particular fiscal period may be reversed in a subsequent fiscal period, although we cannot provide assurances that, or when, these reversals will occur.

Interest Rate Risk

At October 31, 2019, we had total debt, excluding capital leases, of $248,695, consisting of a revolving line of credit of floating rate debt. Assuming no changes in the monthly average revolver debt levels of $289,486 for the year ended October 31, 2019, we estimate that a hypothetical unfavorable change of 100 basis points in the LIBOR and base rate would impact interest expense by $2,487 in additional expense.

During 2014, we entered into an interest rate swap with an aggregate notional amount of $75,000 designated as a cash flow hedge of a portion of our Credit Agreement to manage interest rate exposure on our floating rate LIBOR based debt. The first base notional amount, $25,000, commenced on March 1, 2015, the second base notional amount, $25,000, commenced on September 1, 2015 and the final notional amount, $25,000, commenced on March 1, 2016. We recognized $276 of interest expense related to the interest rate swap for the year ended October 31, 2019.

The following table discloses the fair value and balance sheet location of the Company's derivative instrument:
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
Balance Sheet
October 31,
October 31,
 
 
Location
2019
2018
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments:
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap contracts
Other assets (Other liabilities)
$(814)
$135
The following table discloses the effect of the Company's derivative instrument on the consolidated statement of operations and consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019:
 
 
Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion)
Location of Gain/ (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
 
 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap contracts
$(732)
Interest expense
$276

32



The following table discloses the effect of the Company's derivative instrument on the consolidated statement of operations and consolidated statement of comprehensive (income) loss for the year ended October 31, 2018:
 
 
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion)
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
 
 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap contracts
$1,423
Interest expense
$772
    
Currency Exchange Rate Risk
The translated values of revenue and expense from our international operations are subject to fluctuations due to changes in currency exchange rates. Consequently, our results of operations may be affected by exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and economic conditions in the regions in which we sell or distribute products.

We derived 70.1% of our sales in the United States and 29.9% internationally. Of these international sales, no single foreign currency represented more than 10% of sales. To minimize foreign currency risk, we generally maintain natural hedges within our non-U.S. activities, including the efficient alignment of transaction settlements in the same currency and near term accounting cycles.

In addition to the transaction-related gains and losses that are reflected within the results of operations, we are subject to foreign currency translation risk, as the financial statements for our subsidiaries are measured and recorded in the respective subsidiary's functional currency and translated into U.S. dollars for consolidated financial reporting purposes. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded net of tax impact in the consolidated statement of other comprehensive income (loss).

Inflation
Although we have not experienced a material inflationary impact, the potential for a rise in inflationary pressures could impact certain commodities, such as steel, aluminum and magnesium. Additionally, because we purchase various types of equipment, raw materials and component parts from our suppliers, they may be adversely impacted by their inability to adequately mitigate inflationary, industry, or economic pressures. The overall condition of its supply base may possibly lead to delivery delays, production issues, or delivery of non-conforming products by its suppliers in the future. As such, we continue to monitor our vendor base for the best sources of supply and we continue to work with those vendors and customers to mitigate the impact of inflationary pressures.

33



Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.






34



REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


Board of Directors and Shareholders
Shiloh Industries, Inc.
Opinion on the financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Shiloh Industries, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended October 31, 2019, and the related notes and financial statement schedule included under Item 15(a) (2) (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended October 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2019, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"), and our report dated December 20, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.


/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2007.

Southfield, Michigan
December 20, 2019  




35



SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
 
 
October 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
ASSETS:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
14,320

 
$
16,843

Accounts receivable, net
 
172,468

 
209,733

Related party accounts receivable
 
1,477

 
996

Prepaid income taxes
 
1,853

 
1,391

Inventories, net
 
63,547

 
71,412

Prepaid expenses
 
8,980

 
10,478

Other current assets
 
13,354

 
22,124

Total current assets
 
275,999

 
332,977

Property, plant and equipment, net
 
328,026

 
316,176

Goodwill
 
22,395

 
27,376

Intangible assets, net
 
13,025

 
14,939

Deferred income taxes
 
5,169

 
5,665

Other assets
 
7,077

 
12,542

Total assets
 
$
651,691

 
$
709,675

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
 
 
 
 
Current debt
 
$
1,975

 
$
1,327

Accounts payable
 
155,754

 
177,400

Other accrued expenses
 
50,093

 
63,031

Accrued income taxes
 
316

 
1,874

Total current liabilities
 
208,138

 
243,632

Long-term debt
 
248,695

 
245,351

Long-term benefit liabilities
 
24,147

 
15,553

Deferred income taxes
 
798

 
2,894

Other liabilities
 
2,399

 
2,723

Total liabilities
 
484,177

 
510,153

Commitments and contingencies
 

 

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.01 per share; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, respectively
 
—

 
—

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 75,000,000 and 50,000,000 shares authorized at October 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, respectively; 23,790,258 and 23,417,107 shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, respectively
 
238

 
234

Paid-in capital
 
116,436

 
114,405

Retained earnings
 
115,866

 
135,813

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net
 
(65,026
)
 
(50,930
)
Total stockholders’ equity
 
167,514

 
199,522

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
651,691

 
$
709,675


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

36



SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

 
 
 
Years Ended October 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net revenues
 
$
1,054,707

 
$
1,139,944

 
$
1,041,986

Cost of sales (1)
 
964,131

 
1,023,849

 
926,631

Gross profit
 
90,576

 
116,095

 
115,355

Selling, general & administrative expenses (1)
 
71,312

 
88,604

 
83,070

Amortization of intangible assets
 
2,075

 
2,372

 
2,259

Asset impairment, net
 
5,701

 
—

 
241

Restructuring
 
17,072

 
6,613

 
4,777

Operating income (loss)
 
(5,584
)
 
18,506

 
25,008

Interest expense
 
16,258

 
11,343

 
15,088

Interest income
 
(12
)
 
(10
)
 
(4
)
Other (income) expense, net (1)
 
(1,272
)
 
913

 
3,501

Income (loss) before income taxes
 
(20,558
)
 
6,260

 
6,423

Provision (benefit) for income taxes
 
(611
)
 
(5,219
)
 
7,120

Net income (loss)
 
$
(19,947
)
 
$
11,479

 
$
(697
)
Income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings (loss) per share
 
$
(0.85
)
 
$
0.49

 
$
(0.04
)
Basic weighted average number of common shares
 
23,506

 
23,229

 
19,233

Diluted earnings (loss) per share
 
$
(0.85
)
 
$
0.49

 
$
(0.04
)
Diluted weighted average number of common shares
 
23,506

 
23,369

 
19,233


(1) Fiscal year 2017 reflects the reclassification of non-service cost components of net benefit costs to outside of operating income as a result of ASU 2017-07 adoption, effective November 1, 2017.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

37



SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Dollar amounts in thousands)


 
 
 
 
Years Ended October 31,
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net income (loss)
$
(19,947
)
 
$
11,479

 
$
(697
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)

 

 
 
 
Defined benefit pension plans & other post-retirement benefits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of net actuarial loss
1,156

 
1,318

 
1,480

 
 
 
Actuarial net gain (loss)
(13,016
)
 
7,861

 
604

 
 
 
Asset net gain (loss)
3,331

 
(2,889
)
 
5,729

 
 
 
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2018-02 (1)
—

 
(6,138
)
 
—

 
 
 
Income tax (benefit)
(217
)
 
(1,442
)
 
(3,001
)
 
 
Total defined benefit pension plans & other post retirement benefits, net of tax
(8,746
)
 
(1,290
)
 
4,812

 
Marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities
—

 
(173
)
 
45

 
 
 
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2018-02 (1)
—

 
(7
)
 
—

 
 
 
Income tax benefit (expense)
—

 
10

 
(250
)
 
 
 
Reclassification of other-than-temporary impairment losses on marketable securities included in net income (loss)
—

 
154

 
669

 
 
 
Realized gain
18

 
—

 
—

 
 
Total marketable securities, net of tax
18

 
(16
)
 
464

 
Derivatives and hedging
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swap agreements
(1,225
)
 
1,452

 
1,543

 
 
 
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2018-02 (1)
—

 
(213
)
 
—

 
 
 
Income tax benefit (provision)
217

 
(588
)
 
(1,151
)
 
 
 
Reclassification adjustments for settlement of derivatives included in net income (loss)
276

 
772

 
1,401

 
 
Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net of tax
(732
)
 
1,423

 
1,793

 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)
(3,959
)
 
(7,879
)
 
7,156

 
 
 
Income tax provision
(677
)
 
(931
)
 
—

 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on foreign currency translation
(4,636
)
 
(8,810
)
 
7,156

Comprehensive income (loss), net
$
(34,043
)
 
$
2,786

 
$
13,528


(1) The adoption of ASU 2018-02 required reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings for stranded tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss results from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


38



SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
 
 
Years Ended October 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
(19,947
)
 
$
11,479

 
$
(697
)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
46,753

 
45,728

 
41,648

Amortization of deferred financing costs
1,541

 
1,244

 
3,115

Asset impairment
5,701

 
—

 
241

Restructuring
4,863

 
280

 
4,420

Deferred income taxes
(3,013
)
 
(9,770
)
 
4,174

Stock-based compensation expense
2,035

 
1,984

 
1,698

(Gain) loss on sale of assets
(2,637
)
 
993

 
1,590

Loss on marketable securities
29

 
154

 
695

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable, net
34,114

 
(1,426
)
 
(2,919
)
Inventories, net
7,083

 
412

 
(888
)
Prepaids and other assets
(1,619
)
 
1,733

 
5,375

Payables and other liabilities
(41,644
)
 
(1,462
)
 
16,715

Prepaid and accrued income taxes
(2,013
)
 
1,877

 
1,148

Net cash provided by operating activities
31,246

 
53,226

 
76,315

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
(55,225
)
 
(50,135
)
 
(48,395
)
Sale of joint venture
—

 
—

 
1,170

Acquisitions, net of cash required
—

 
(62,514
)
 
—

Derivative settlements
5,855

 
—

 
—

Proceeds from sale of assets
12,393

 
3,592

 
7,605

Net cash used in investing activities
(36,977
)
 
(109,057
)
 
(39,620
)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
 
 
Payment of capital leases
(582
)
 
(886
)
 
(879
)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings
280,500

 
266,900

 
221,600

Repayments of long-term borrowings
(275,100
)
 
(202,282
)
 
(296,770
)
Payment of deferred financing costs
(1,954
)
 
(105
)
 
(1,779
)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
—

 
73

 
78

Proceeds from the issuance of common stock
—

 
—

 
40,227

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
2,864

 
63,700

 
(37,523
)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on cash
344

 
238

 
868

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(2,523
)
 
8,107

 
40

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
16,843

 
8,736

 
8,696

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
14,320

 
$
16,843

 
$
8,736

 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest
$
14,820

 
$
10,594

 
$
12,432

Cash paid for income taxes
$
3,951

 
$
3,423

 
$
1,780

 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-cash Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Capital equipment included in accounts payable
$
8,262

 
$
4,049

 
$
4,239


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

39



SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Dollar amounts in thousands)

 
Common Stock ($.01 Par Value)
 
Paid-In Capital
 
Retained Earnings
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
October 31, 2016
$
176

 
$
70,403

 
$
118,673

 
$
(56,462
)
 
$
132,790

Net loss
—

 
—

 
(697
)
 
—

 
(697
)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
14,225

 
14,225

Restricted stock and exercise of stock options
3

 
75

 
—

 
—

 
78

Issuance of common stock
52

 
40,175

 
—

 
—

 
40,227

Stock-based compensation cost
—

 
1,698

 
—

 
—

 
1,698

October 31, 2017
$
231

 
$
112,351

 
$
117,976

 
$
(42,237
)
 
$
188,321

Net income
—

 
—

 
11,479

 
—

 
11,479

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2,335
)
 
(2,335
)
Reclassification of stranded tax effects (1)
—

 
—

 
6,358

 
(6,358
)
 
—

Restricted stock and exercise of stock options
3

 
70

 
—

 
—

 
73

Stock-based compensation cost
—

 
1,984

 
—

 
—

 
1,984

October 31, 2018
$
234

 
$
114,405

 
$
135,813

 
$
(50,930
)
 
$
199,522

Net loss
—

 
—

 
(19,947
)
 
—

 
(19,947
)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
(14,096
)
 
(14,096
)
Restricted stock and exercise of stock options
4

 
(4
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Stock-based compensation cost
—

 
2,035

 
—

 
—

 
2,035

October 31, 2019
$
238

 
$
116,436

 
$
115,866

 
$
(65,026
)
 
$
167,514


(1) The adoption of ASU 2018-02 required reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings for stranded tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss results from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

40

SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts and number of shares in thousands except per share data)


Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

    General: We are a global innovative solutions provider focusing on lightweighting technologies that provides environmental and safety benefits to the mobility market. Our multi-component, multi-material solutions are comprised of a variety of alloys in aluminum, magnesium and steel grades, along with its proprietary line of noise and vibration reducing ShilohCore® acoustic laminate products. The strategic BlankLight®, CastLight® and StampLight® brands combine to maximize lightweighting solutions without compromising safety or performance. Shiloh delivers these solutions in body structure, chassis and propulsion systems to original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") and several "Tier 1" suppliers to the OEMs in the automotive and commercial vehicle markets.
The Company has thirty-five wholly-owned subsidiaries at locations in Asia, Europe and North America as of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019.
Oak Tree Holdings (the parent of MTD Products Inc.) and affiliates owned 31% of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock as of October 31, 2019, making Oak Tree Holdings and MTD Products Inc. related parties of the Company.
    Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Shiloh Industries, Inc. and all wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions are eliminated in the consolidation process of the financial statements.
    Revenue Recognition: We enter into contracts with our customers to provide production parts generally at the beginning of a vehicle’s life cycle. Typically, these contracts do not provide for a specified quantity of products, but once entered into, we are often expected to fulfill our customers’ purchasing requirements for the production life of the vehicle. Many of these contracts may be terminated by our customers at any time. Historically, terminations of these contracts have been minimal. We receive purchase orders from our customers, which provide the commercial terms for a particular production part, including price (but not quantities). Contracts may also provide for annual price reductions over the production life of the vehicle, and prices may be adjusted on an ongoing basis to reflect changes in product content/cost and other commercial factors.

Revenue is recognized at a point in time when control of the product is transferred to the customer under standard commercial terms, as we do not have an enforceable right to payment prior to such transfer. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those products based on the annual purchase orders and annual price reductions. Our customers pay for products received in accordance with payment terms that are customary within the industry. Our contracts with our customers do not have significant financing components. Amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling costs are included in net sales in the consolidated statements of operations. Shipping and handling costs are accounted for as fulfillment costs and are included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations. Also see “Note 3 - Revenue” for further information.

Shipping and Handling Activities: Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after parts have transferred to a customer, are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales.

Inventories: Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value, using the first-in first-out ("FIFO") method.
    
Pre-production and Development Costs: We enter into contractual agreements with certain customers for tooling. All such tooling contracts relate to parts that we will supply to customers under supply agreements. Tooling costs are capitalized in other current assets as tooling contracts are separate from standard production contracts. At October 31, 2019 and 2018, tooling costs of $6,747 and $5,510, respectively, were included in other current assets.

Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost or at fair market value for plant, property and equipment acquired through acquisitions. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs and renewals are charged to expense as incurred, while major improvements are capitalized. The costs of these improvements are depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Useful lives range from three to ten years for furniture and fixtures and machinery and equipment, or if the assets are dedicated to a customer program, over the estimated life of that program, ten years for land improvements and twenty years for buildings and their related improvements. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for income tax purposes. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed, the related cost and accumulated

41


SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss on the disposition is included in the earnings for the current period.
 
Income Taxes: We utilize the asset and liability method in accounting for income taxes. Income tax expense includes U.S. and international income taxes minus tax credits and other incentives that will reduce tax expense in the year they are claimed. Deferred taxes are recognized at currently enacted tax rates for temporary differences between the financial accounting and income tax basis of assets and liabilities and operating losses and tax credit carry-forwards. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. We assess both positive and negative evidence when measuring the need for a valuation allowance. Evidence typically assessed includes the operating results for the most recent three-year period and the expectations of future profitability, available tax planning strategies, the time period over which the temporary differences will reverse and taxable income in prior carry-back years if carry-back is permitted under the tax law. The calculation of our tax liabilities also involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations. We recognize liabilities for uncertain income tax positions based on the Company’s estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be required. We report interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions as income taxes. Tax provision or benefits from other comprehensive income activities reflect the statutory rate of such activities.

Business Combinations: We account for business combinations using the acquisition method, which requires the identification of the acquirer, the determination of the acquisition date and the allocation of the purchase price paid by the acquirer to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, including any contingent consideration on the acquisition date at fair value. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired. Acquisition-related costs are expensed in the periods in which the costs are incurred. The results of operations of acquired businesses are included in our consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date.

Intangible Assets: Intangible assets with definitive lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. We amortize our acquired intangible assets with definitive lives on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from three months to fifteen years. See note 8 - "Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net" for a description of the current intangible assets and their estimated amortization expense.

An impairment analysis of definite-lived intangible assets is performed when indicators of potential impairment exists.

Goodwill: Goodwill is the excess of cost of an acquired entity over the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill relates to and is assigned directly to specific reporting units. Goodwill is not amortized but is subject to impairment assessment. In accordance with ASC 350, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other," we assess goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently, if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below the carrying amount. Our annual impairment assessment is performed as of September 30. Such assessment can be done on a qualitative or quantitative basis. When conducting a qualitative assessment, we consider relevant events and circumstances that affect the fair value or carrying amount of the reporting unit. A quantitative assessment is required only if we conclude that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, or we elect not to perform a qualitative assessment of a reporting unit. We consider the extent to which each of the events and circumstances identified affect the comparison of the reporting unit's fair value or the carrying amount. Such events and circumstances could include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance, entity and reporting unit specific events, product brand level specific events and cost factors. We place more weight on the events and circumstances that may affect the determination of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. These factors are all considered by management in reaching its conclusion about whether to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment.

We perform a quantitative annual goodwill impairment assessment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill in that reporting unit.
Share-based Payments: We record compensation expense for the fair value of nonvested stock option awards and restricted stock awards over the remaining vesting period. We have elected to use the simplified method and utilize the historical weighted average volatility to calculate the expected term of the stock options outstanding. Any outstanding option will not be exercisable more than ten years from the date of grant. We determine the volatility and risk-free rate assumptions used in computing the fair

42


SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, in consultation with an outside third party. The expected term for a restricted stock award is between one and three years.

The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the stock-based award and stock price volatility. The assumptions used are management’s best estimates, but the estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if other assumptions had been used, the recorded stock-based compensation expense could have been materially different from that depicted in the financial statements. In addition, we do not estimate a forfeiture rate at the time of grant instead we elected to recognize share-based compensation expense as forfeitures occur.

New restricted stock and restricted stock unit grants are valued at the closing market price on the date of grant. In addition, we do not estimate a forfeiture rate at the time of grant, instead, we elected to recognize share-based compensation expense as forfeitures occur.

Employee Benefit Plans:     We accrue the cost of U.S. defined benefit pension plans, which are frozen, in accordance with Statement of FASB ASC Topic 715 "Compensation - Retirement Benefits." The plans are funded based on the requirements and limitations of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. As of October 31, 2019, 98% of our U.S. employees participated in discretionary profit sharing plans administered by us. We also provide post-retirement medical benefits to 12 former employees.

Actual results that differ from these estimates may result in more or less future Company funding into the pension plans than is planned by management.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Cash in foreign subsidiaries totaled $13,101 and $16,107 at October 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, respectively.
Concentration of Risk: We sell products to customers primarily in the automotive and commercial vehicle markets. Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk, are primarily accounts receivable. We perform on-going credit evaluations of our customers' financial condition. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the expected collectability of all accounts receivable. Losses have historically been within management's expectations. We do not have financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. See note 19- "Business Segment Information" for a breakdown of concentration of revenues.

We believe that the concentration of credit risk in our trade receivables is substantially mitigated by our ongoing credit evaluation process and relatively short collection terms. We do not generally require collateral from customers. We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other information.
    
Fair Value of Financial Instruments: The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and payables approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments. The carrying value of our debt and derivative instruments are considered to approximate the fair value of these instruments based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities.

Derivative Financial Instruments: We use interest rate swaps to manage volatility of underlying exposures. We recognize all of our derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated, and is effective, as a hedge and further, on the type of hedging relationship. For those derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, a company must designate the instrument, based upon the exposure being hedged, as a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. Gains and losses related to a hedge are either recognized in income immediately to offset the gain or loss on the hedged item or are deferred and reported as a component of Comprehensive Income (Loss) and subsequently recognized in earnings when the hedged item affects earnings. The gain or loss related to financial instruments that are not designated as hedges are recognized immediately in earnings. Cash flows related to hedging activities are included in the operating section of the consolidated statements of cash flows. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Our objective for holding derivatives is to minimize risk using the most effective and cost-efficient methods available.


43


SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

Foreign Currency Translation: Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar as a substantial part of our operations are based in the U.S. The financial statements of all subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the U.S. Dollar have been translated into U.S. Dollars. The translation from the applicable foreign currencies to U.S. dollars is performed for balance sheet accounts using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenue and expense accounts are translated from the applicable foreign currency using a weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ("OCI"). We engage in foreign currency denominated transactions with customers and suppliers, as well as between subsidiaries with different functional currencies. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are recognized in net income (loss) in the consolidated statements of operations. Non-functional currency denominated intercompany balances which are long-term in nature are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Guarantees: We have certain indemnification clauses within our Credit Agreement (as defined above) and certain lease agreements that are considered to be guarantees within the scope of ASC 460, "Guarantees." We do not consider these guarantees to be probable, and we cannot estimate their maximum exposure. Additionally, our exposure to warranty-related obligations is not material.
Accounting Estimates: The preparation of the consolidated financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. These principles require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Also, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses are affected during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates based upon current available information. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Prior Year Reclassifications:
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company reclassified the category for payments in the liability rollforward table contained in Note 18 "Restructuring Charges" to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of this report. There was no impact on our financial position or results of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards:
Standard
Description
Effective Date
Effect on our financial statements and other significant matters
ASU 2018-14 Compensation-Retirements Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans
This Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") amendment adds the following to disclosure requirements: (1) The weighted-average interest crediting rates used in the entity’s cash balance pension plans and other similar plans; (2) A narrative description of the reasons for significant gains and losses affecting the benefit obligation for the period; (3) An explanation of any other significant changes in the benefit obligation or plan assets that are not otherwise apparent in the other disclosures required by Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 715, Compensation-Retirement Benefits. Also, this amendment clarifies the guidance in ASC 715-20-50-3 on defined benefit plans to require disclosure of (1) the projected benefit obligation (PBO) and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets (the same disclosure with reference to the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation rather than the PBO is required for other postretirement benefit plans) and (2) the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets.
November 1, 2021
We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our financial statements.

44


SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

Standard
Description
Effective Date
Effect on our financial statements and other significant matters
ASU 2016-13 Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
The amendments change the impairment model for financial assets measured at amortized cost and available for sale equity securities. This new model will apply to instruments such as loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, loan commitments (including lines of credit), financial guarantees accounted for under ASC 460, net investments in leases, reinsurance and trade receivables. This model will result in an earlier recognition of allowances for losses through the establishment of an allowance account. The estimate of expected credit losses should consider historical and current information, and the reasonable and supportable forecasts of future events and circumstances, as well as estimates of prepayments.
November 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted.
We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our financial statements.
ASU 2018-15 Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software
The amendments apply to the accounting for implementation, setup and other upfront costs (collectively referred to as implementation costs) for entities that are a customer in a hosting arrangement and align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). Also, the amendments require customers to expense capitalized implementation costs over the term of the hosting arrangement and in the same line on the income statement as the fees associated with the hosting service and payments for the capitalized implementation costs in the statement of cash flows in the same manner as payments made for fees associated with the hosting service.
November 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted.
We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our financial statements.

ASU 2018-13 Fair Value Measurement
The amendments contained within this ASU eliminate the need to explain transfers between Level 1 and 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Additionally, the ASC expands on disclosure and accounting requirements for Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
November 1, 2019 with early adoption permitted.
We do not expect the adoption of these provisions to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, as the Company does not have any level 3 fair value measurements.

ASU 2018-16 Derivatives and Hedging
This new amendment adds the Overnight Index Swap rate (OIS) based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") as a U.S. benchmark interest rate to facilitate the LIBOR to SOFR transition and provide sufficient lead time for entities to prepare for changes to interest rate risk hedging strategies for both risk management and hedge accounting purposes.
November 1, 2019 with early adoption permitted.
We do not expect the adoption of these provisions to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.



45


SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

Standard
Description
Effective Date
Effect on our financial statements and other significant matters
ASU 2016-02 Leases

This amendment requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset on the balance sheet and aligns many of the underlying principles of the new lessor model with those in ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The standard requires a modified retrospective transition for capital and operating leases existing at or entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, but it does not require transition accounting for leases that expire prior to the date of initial adoption. In January 2018, the FASB issued an amendment to ASC Topic 842 which permits companies to elect an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate existing land easements under the new standard if the land easements were not previously accounted for under existing lease guidance. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, which clarifies certain areas within ASU 2016-02. ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements to Topic 842, Leases. This amendment provides entities with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new leases standard. Under this new transition method, an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption.

November 1, 2019 with early adoption permitted.
See below(1)


(1)We substantially completed our assessment of the impacts of the new lease standard during the fourth quarter. We have determined that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will result in recognizing right of use assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet for leases currently classified as operating leases. We expect to utilize the following practical expedients:
•
to retrospectively record the right of use assets and lease liabilities as of November 1, 2019 with any cumulative effect of the initial application recorded to retained earnings;
•
package of practical expedients to not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases;
•
to use hindsight in determining the lease term (that is, when considering lessee options to extend or terminate the lease and to purchase the underlying asset) and in assessing impairment of the Company’s right-of-use assets;
•
to exclude short-term leases from the balance sheet; and
•
to not assess whether existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under Topic 840 are, or contain, a lease.
We expect that the disclosures in the notes to our consolidated financial statements related to leases will be expanded under the new standard, specifically:
•
general disclosures about the Company’s leases, the significant judgments made in applying the requirements in this standard to those leases, and the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements relating to those leases;
•
requiring a general description of the leases, the existence and terms and conditions of options to extend or terminate the lease including narrative disclosure about the options that are recognized as part of its right-of-

46


SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

use assets and lease liabilities and those that are not, information about leases that have not yet commenced but that create significant rights and obligations for the Company, significant assumptions and judgments made in determining whether a contract contains a lease, the allocation of the consideration in a contract between lease and non-lease components and the determination of discount rates for leases;
•
requiring the disclosure for each period presented in the consolidated financial statements relating to the Company’s total lease cost, which includes both amounts recognized in profit or loss during the period and any amounts capitalized as part of the cost of another asset and the cash flows arising from lease transactions for finance leasing cost, segregated between the amortization of the right-of-use assets and interest on the lease liabilities; operating lease costs; and short-term lease costs; amounts segregated between those for finance and operating leases for cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities, segregated between operating and financing cash flows, supplemental non-cash information on lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets, the weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate;
•
requires a maturity analysis of the Company’s finance lease and operating lease liabilities, separately, showing the undiscounted cash flows on an annual basis for each of the first five years and a total amount for the remaining years; and
•
requires the Company to disclose the fact that it elected to exclude short term leases from the balance sheet and disclose the amount of short term lease commitments if the lease expense for the period does not reasonably reflect the entity’s short term lease commitments.
It is expected that certain other provisions of ASC 842 not mentioned above will not significantly impact the Company.
We will adopt ASU 2016-02 as of November 1, 2019 using the current-period adjustment approach. As a result, in the first quarter of 2020, we expect to record right of use assets and liabilities for operating leases ranging from $65,000 to $70,000 and for financing lease(s) of approximately $2,000. 
We are unable to precisely quantify the impact to expenses for future periods since expenses recognized in those periods will depend on the actual leasing levels in those periods, but we do not expect those expenses from recognizing right of use assets and lease liabilities to change significantly.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards:
Standard
Description
Adoption Date
Effect on our financial statements and other significant matters
ASU 2017-09 Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)
This amendment clarifies when a change to the terms or conditions of a share based payment award must be accounted for as a modification. The new guidance requires modification accounting if the fair value, vesting condition or the classification of the award is not the same immediately before and after a change to the terms and conditions of the award. The amendment should be adopted on a prospective basis.
November 1, 2018
The adoption of this framework did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures. The Company's awards are rarely modified after grant.

47


SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

Standard
Description
Adoption Date
Effect on our financial statements and other significant matters
ASU 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The amendments require companies to recognize revenue when there is a transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. The amendments should be applied on either a full or modified retrospective basis, which clarifies existing accounting literature relating to how and when a company recognizes revenue. The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), through the issuance of ASU No. 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," approved a one year delay of the effective date and permits two implementation approaches, one requiring retrospective application of the new standard with restatement of prior years and one requiring prospective application of the new standard with disclosure of results under old standards. During fiscal 2016, the FASB issued ASUs 2016-10, 2016-11 and 2016-12. Finally, ASU 2016-20 makes minor corrections or minor improvements to the ASC that are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or create a significant administrative cost to most entities.
November 1, 2018
Refer to Note 3.
ASU 2016-01 Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
This amendment addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. Most prominent among the amendments is the requirement for changes in the fair value calculation of the Company's equity investments, with certain exceptions, to be recognized through net income rather than other comprehensive income ("OCI"). The amendments should be applied by means of cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet in year of adoption.
November 1, 2018
The adoption of this framework did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.

48


SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

Standard
Description
Adoption Date
Effect on our financial statements and other significant matters
ASU 2018-09 Codification Improvements
These amendments provide clarifications and corrections to certain ASC subtopics including the following: Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Overall (Topic 220-10), Debt - Modifications and Extinguishment (Topic 470-50), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity - Overall (Topic 480-10), Compensation - Stock Compensation - Income Taxes (Topic 718-740), Business Combinations - Income Taxes (Topic 805-740), Derivatives and Hedging - Overall (Topic 815-10) and Fair Value Measurement - Overall (Topic 820-10)
November 1, 2018
Adoption of the clarifications and corrections in this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.
ASU 2018-05 Income Taxes
In 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (ASU 2018-05), which updates the income tax accounting in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles to reflect the SEC interpretive guidance released on December 22, 2017, when the 2017 Act was signed into law.  
October 31, 2019
Adoption of the clarifications and technical improvements within this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.

ASU 2018-03 Technical Corrections and improvements to Financial Instruments - Overall
The improvements within this ASU provide clarification regarding the following: (1) The ability to discontinue application of the measurement alternative for equity securities without a readily determinable fair value, (2) the measurement date for fair value adjustments to the carrying amount of equity securities without a readily determinable fair value for which the measurement alternative is elected, (3) the unit of account for fair value adjustments to forward contracts and purchased options on equity securities without a readily determinable fair value for which the measurement alternative is expected to be elected, (4) presentation requirements for certain hybrid financial liabilities for which the fair value option is elected, (5) measurement of financial liabilities denominated in a foreign currency for which the fair value option is elected and (6) transition guidance for equity securities without a readily determinable fair value.
October 31, 2019
Adoption of the clarifications and technical improvements within this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.


    

49


SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

Note 2—Acquisitions

On March 1, 2018, a subsidiary of the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital of Brabant Alucast Italy Site Verres S.r.l., a limited liability company organized under the laws of Italy, and Brabant Alucast The Netherlands Site Oss B.V., a limited liability company organized under the laws of the Netherlands (collectively "Brabant"). The acquisitions were accounted for as business combinations under the acquisition method in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The acquisitions complement Shiloh’s global footprint with the expansion of aluminum and magnesium casting capabilities, while providing capacity for growth.

The aggregate fair value of consideration transferred was $65,273 ($62,514 net of cash acquired), on the date of the acquisitions. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The fair values of identifiable intangible assets were based on valuations using the income approach and estimates. The fair value of the final valuation was $39,824 for current assets, $53,200 for fixed assets, $2,328 for intangible assets and $30,079 for liabilities.

Note 3 - Revenue
On November 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2014-09, ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" using the modified retrospective transition method with no impact to previously reported periods and no adjustment to retained earnings as of November 1, 2018 as there was no impact to previously reported revenue or expenses associated with the adoption of ASC 606. The new guidance requires new disclosures regarding the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

The new standard recognizes revenue when a customer obtains control rather than when substantially all the risks and rewards of a good or service are transferred. The new guidance supersedes most existing revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance.

We manufacture and sell products, primarily to original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") and to OEMs through Tier 1 suppliers. We enter into contracts with customers that create enforceable rights and obligations for the sale of those products. While certain production is provided under awarded multi-year programs, these programs do not contain any commitment to volume by the customer. Individual customer volume releases, blanket purchase orders, supply agreements, terms and conditions represent the contract with the customer. Volume releases are limited to near-term customer requirements generally with delivery periods within a few weeks. We do not have contract assets or liabilities as defined under ASC 606.

Each unit produced represents a separate performance obligation. Customer contracts do not provide an enforceable right to payment for performance completed throughout the production process. As such, product revenue is recognized at the point in time when shipment occurs and control has been transferred to the customer.

We participate in certain customers’ materials repurchase programs, under which we purchase materials directly from a customer’s designated supplier, for use in manufacturing products for that customer. We take delivery and title to such materials and bear the risk of loss and obsolescence. We invoice customers based upon negotiated selling prices, which inherently include a component for materials under such repurchase programs. We have risks and rewards of a principal, and as such, for transactions in which we participate in customers' materials resale programs, revenue is recognized on a gross basis for the entire amount, including the component for purchases under that customers' material resale programs.

We provide customers with standard warranties customary in the industry that products will operate as intended or designed, which are not separate performance obligations under ASC 606. We do not provide customers with the right to a refund, but provide for product replacement. Returns or refunds for nonconforming products are not separate performance obligations applicable to Shiloh's contract arrangements with customers.

We continue to include shipping and handling fees billed to customers in revenue, while including costs of shipping and handling in costs of sales as a fulfillment cost.

Taxes collected from customers are excluded from revenues and credited directly to obligations to the appropriate government agencies.


50



Payment terms with customers are established based on industry and regional practices and do not exceed 180 days.


Disaggregation of Net Revenues
 
Net Revenues
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Region:
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
812,492

 
$
887,481

 
$
884,650

Europe & Asia
 
276,115

 
281,692

 
178,895

Eliminations
 
(33,900
)
 
(29,229
)
 
(21,559
)
Total Company
 
$
1,054,707

 
$
1,139,944

 
$
1,041,986



Note 4 - Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable, net is expected to be collected within one year and is net of an allowance for doubtful accounts in the amount of $884 and $676 at October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We recognized bad debt expense of $416, $32 and $493 during fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations.
We continually monitor our exposure with our customers and additional consideration is given to individual accounts in light of the market conditions in the automotive and commercial vehicle markets.
As a part of our working capital management, the Company has entered into factoring agreements with third party financial institutions ("institutions") for the sale of certain accounts receivable, with and without recourse. The sale of the receivables is accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing. Under that guidance, receivables are considered sold when they are transferred beyond the reach of the Company and its creditors, the purchaser has the right to pledge or exchange the receivables, and the Company has surrendered control over the transferred receivables. In addition, certain agreements address events and conditions which may obligate the Company to immediately repay to the institutions the outstanding purchase price of the receivables sold.

The total amount of receivables factored with recourse as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, was $8,779 and $13,545, respectively. As these sales are of trade accounts receivable with recourse, $9,188 and $11,742 were recorded in accounts payable as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The cost of selling these receivables is dependent upon the number of days between the sale date of the receivables, the date the customer’s invoice is due and the interest rate. The expense associated with the sale of these receivables is recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
As of October 31, 2019 and 2018, $2,538 and $4,137 of trade accounts receivable were subject to factoring without recourse, respectively. The amounts subject to factoring without recourse for the year 2019 have been included in the proceeds for net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The expense associated with the sale of the receivables is recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.


Note 5 —Related Party Receivables
Sales to MTD Products Inc. and its affiliates were $6,996, $5,374 and $5,129 for fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. At October 31, 2019 and 2018, we had receivable balances of $1,477 and $996, respectively, due from MTD Products Inc. and its affiliates.
    

51


SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

Note 6—Inventories, Net
Inventories, net consists of the following:
 
October 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Raw materials
$
26,653

 
$
28,457

Work-in-process
21,369

 
24,435

Finished goods
19,470

 
21,637

Reserves
(3,945
)
 
(3,117
)
Total inventories, net
$
63,547

 
$
71,412



Note 7—Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
    Property, plant and equipment, net consists of the following:
 
October 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Land and improvements
$
13,930

 
$
13,954

Buildings and improvements
127,241

 
124,076

Machinery and equipment
523,272

 
493,522

Furniture and fixtures
24,653

 
22,556

Construction in progress
54,723

 
41,964

Total, at cost
743,819

 
696,072

Less: Accumulated depreciation
415,793

 
379,896

Property, plant and equipment, net
$
328,026

 
$
316,176

Depreciation expense was $44,678, $43,356 and $39,389 in fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
    During the years ended October 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 interest capitalized as part of property, plant and equipment was $1,183, $648 and $704, respectively. We had unpaid capital expenditures included in accounts payable of $8,262, $4,049 and $4,239 at October 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and consequently such amounts are excluded from capital expenditures in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows for the fiscal years 2019 and 2018.
Capital Leases:
Leased property, net is calculated based on the following:
 
October 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Leased Property:
 
 
 
Machinery and equipment
$
4,071

 
$
6,701

Less: Accumulated depreciation
1,769

 
3,073

Leased property, net
$
2,302

 
$
3,628

The Company maintains a capital lease that bears interest at a variable rate based on the STIBOR 90 and requires monthly payments through October 31, 2020. As of October 31, 2019 and 2018, $2,000 and $2,543 remained outstanding under this agreement and was classified as debt in our consolidated balance sheet, respectively. At the end of the lease term, a lump sum payment of $1,617 is required.


52


SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

Future minimum rental payments to be made under capital leases at October 31, 2019 are as follows:

Twelve Months Ending October 31,
 
2020
$
1,975

2021
—

2022
—

2023
—

2024
—

 
1,975

Plus amount representing interest of 2.18% at October 31, 2019
25

Total obligations under capital leases
$
2,000


Note 8—Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

Goodwill:
In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, "Intangibles – Goodwill and Other", goodwill must be reviewed for impairment annually, or more frequently if events and circumstances arise that suggest the asset may be impaired. We conduct our review for goodwill impairment on September 30 of each year. Goodwill impairment testing is performed at the reporting unit level. The fair value is compared to the carrying value including goodwill. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, then goodwill impairment exists. We performed a quantitative assessment at the reporting unit level in 2019 and determined that our Europe and Asia reporting unit carrying value exceeds the fair value. The annual assessment of goodwill for Europe and Asia considered changes in macroeconomic conditions and industry trends in the fourth quarter, historical and future operating results, timing of restructuring plans and timing of new business and resulted in the calculated fair value being below the carrying value. As a result of the interim goodwill impairment test performed as of September 30, 2019, a goodwill impairment charge of $4,901 was recognized. Our goodwill impairment test as of September 30, 2018 concluded there was no impairment of goodwill.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:
Balance October 31, 2017
 
$
27,859

 
Foreign currency translation
 
(483
)
Balanc