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Federal Income Taxes (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Effective Income Tax Reconciliation

A reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory federal tax rate is shown below (in thousands, except percentages):
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Amount
 
Rate
 
Amount
 
Rate
 
Amount
 
Rate
 
Amount
 
Rate
Income tax expense before tax on equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates
$
17,717

 
13.7
 %
 
$
38,486

 
20.0
 %
 
$
99,323

 
17.3
 %
 
$
64,118

 
19.8
 %
Tax on equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates
9,465

 
7.3

 
2,736

 
1.0

 
21,488

 
3.7

 
3,970

 
1.2

Total expected income tax expense at the statutory rate
27,182

 
21.0

 
41,222

 
21.0

 
120,811

 
21.0

 
68,088

 
21.0

Tax-exempt investment income
(1,027
)
 
(0.8
)
 
(830
)
 
(0.4
)
 
(2,945
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(2,509
)
 
(0.8
)
Deferred tax change
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(909
)
 
(0.3
)
Dividend exclusion
(817
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(1,064
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(2,598
)
 
(0.4
)
 
(3,050
)
 
(0.9
)
Miscellaneous tax credits, net
(1,521
)
 
(1.2
)
 
(1,252
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(6,512
)
 
(1.1
)
 
(5,994
)
 
(1.8
)
Low income housing tax credit expense
1,324

 
1.0

 
1,251

 
0.6

 
4,265

 
0.7

 
3,755

 
1.2

Noncontrolling interest
(2,284
)
 
(1.8
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2,284
)
 
(0.4
)
 
—

 
—

Change in valuation allowance
70

 
0.1

 
—

 
—

 
235

 
—

 
2,700

 
0.8

Tax accrual adjustment
—

 
—

 
(2,893
)
 
(1.5
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2,893
)
 
(0.9
)
Return to provision
—

 
—

 
(18,332
)
 
(9.3
)
 
—

 
—

 
(18,332
)
 
(5.7
)
Other items, net
(452
)
 
(0.3
)
 
1,117

 
0.8

 
828

 
0.1

 
1,509

 
0.5

Provision for federal income taxes
$
22,475

 
17.4
 %
 
$
19,219

 
10.1
 %
 
$
111,800

 
19.4
 %
 
$
42,365

 
13.1
 %