The components of and changes in the accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), and the related tax effects, are shown below (in thousands):



	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities			Defined Benefit Pension Plan Adjustments			Foreign Currency Adjustments			Accumulated other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	457,467		$	(101,679	)	$	(3,168	)	$	352,620
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (net of tax benefit $7,705 and expense $4,438)	(14,308		)	8,242			—			(6,066		)
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period (net of tax expense $71,859)	133,451			—			—			133,451
Unrealized adjustment to DAC (net of tax benefit $10,318)	(18,756		)	—			—			(18,756		)
Unrealized gains on investments attributable to participating policyholders’ interest (net of tax benefit $3,599)	(6,683		)	—			—			(6,683		)
Actuarial gain arising during the period (net of tax expense of $562)	—			1,044			—			1,044
Foreign currency adjustment (net of tax expense $156)	—			—			289			289
Balance at December 31, 2016	551,171			(92,393		)	(2,879		)	455,899
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (net of tax benefit $18,789 and expense $5,005)	(34,895		)	18,827			—			(16,068		)
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period (net of tax expense $113,604)	210,595			—			—			210,595
Unrealized adjustment to DAC (net of tax benefit $729)	(1,354		)	—			—			(1,354		)
Unrealized gains on investments attributable to participating policyholders’ interest (net of tax benefit $2,480)	(4,606		)	—			—			(4,606		)
Actuarial loss arising during the period (net of tax benefit of $796)	—			(2,996		)	—			(2,996		)
Foreign currency adjustment (net of tax expense $198)	—			—			746			746
Balance at December 31, 2017	720,911			(76,562		)	(2,133		)	642,216
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (net of tax benefit $561 and expense $1,532)	(2,111		)	5,764			—			3,653
Unrealized holding losses arising during the period (net of tax benefit $46,812)	(183,981		)	—			—			(183,981		)
Unrealized adjustment to DAC (net of tax expense $10,903)	41,017			—			—			41,017
Unrealized gains on investments attributable to participating policyholders’ interest (net of tax expense $2,343)	8,814			—			—			8,814
Actuarial gain arising during the period (net of tax expense of $4,402)	—			16,562			—			16,562
Foreign currency adjustment (net of tax benefit $239)	—			—			(900		)	(900		)
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting (net of tax benefit $334,955)	(627,119		)	—			—			(627,119		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(42,469	)	$	(54,236	)	$	(3,033	)	$	(99,738	)