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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Share-Based Payment Arrangements [Abstract]  
Non-cash employee compensation expenses recognized in general and administrative expense in the Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income
Non-cash employee compensation expenses, recognized in general and administrative expense in the Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, are as follows:
 
 
For the Years Ended 
 December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Share options
 
$
1,229

 
$
751

Deferred share units
 
387

 
524

Share appreciation rights
 
482

 
616

Performance share units
 
10,456

 
11,959

 
 
$
12,554

 
$
13,850
Fair value assumptions estimated at the grant dates using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model
The fair value of option grants is estimated at the grant dates using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Fair values of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were based on the weighted average assumptions noted in the following table:
 
For the Years Ended 
 December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Expected volatility
73.70%
 
72.40%
Risk-free interest rate
1.86%
 
1.28%
Expected lives
5.99 years
 
4.86 years
Summary of option activity
A summary of option activity under the Company's Stock Option Plan during the year ended December 31, 2017 are as follows: 
 
Options
(‘000)
 
Weighted–
Average
Exercise
price ($CAD)
 
Weighted–
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2015
13,911

 
1.48

 
5.9
Granted
3,245

 
0.62

 
8.7
Exercised
(59
)
 
0.48

 
8.7
Forfeited
(610
)
 
1.09

 
5.4
Expired
(368
)
 
3.25

 
0
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016
16,119

 
1.29

 
5.7
Granted
2,352

 
1.28

 
9.7
Exercised
(24
)
 
0.55

 
7.3
Forfeited
(648
)
 
2.27

 
1.8
Expired
(1,170
)
 
2.19

 
0
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017
16,629

 
1.19

 
5.9
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016
11,738

 
1.55

 
4.8
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017
12,803

 
1.28

 
5.1
Schedule of number and weighted average remaining contractual life of outstanding share options
The number of options outstanding by strike price as of December 31, 2017 is shown in the following table:
 
 
Options outstanding
 
Options exercisable
 
 
Number outstanding at December 31, 2017
Weighted-average remaining contractual life
Weighted-average exercise price
 
Number outstanding at December 31, 2017
Weighted-average exercise price
Range of exercise price (Cdn$)
 
('000)
(years)
(Cdn$)
 
('000)
(Cdn$)
0.30 to 0.50
 
3,084

7.0
0.38

 
2,501

0.38

0.51 to 1.00
 
5,921

7.0
0.73

 
4,393

0.77

1.01 to 1.50
 
2,664

8.6
1.28

 
949

1.26

1.51 to 2.50
 
3,452

2.3
1.80

 
3,452

1.80

2.51 to 3.50
 
1,278

2.6
2.94

 
1,278

2.94

3.51 to 5.00
 
230

2.2
3.53

 
230

3.53

 
 
16,629

5.9
1.19

 
12,803

1.28

The number of options outstanding by strike price as of December 31, 2016 is shown in the following table:
 
 
Options outstanding
 
Options exercisable
 
 
Number outstanding at December 31, 2016
Weighted-average remaining contractual life
Weighted-average exercise price
 
Number outstanding at December 31, 2016
Weighted-average exercise price
Range of exercise price (Cdn$)
 
('000)
(years)
(Cdn$)
 
('000)
(Cdn$)
0.30 to 0.50
 
3,096

8.0
0.38

 
1,690

0.38

0.51 to 1.00
 
5,837

7.9
0.73

 
2,929

0.80

1.01 to 1.50
 
547

5.5
1.24

 
480

1.27

1.51 to 2.50
 
4,780

2.6
1.84

 
4,780

1.84

2.51 to 3.50
 
1,434

3.5
2.97

 
1,434

2.97

3.51 to 5.00
 
425

2.4
3.69

 
425

3.69

 
 
16,119

5.7
1.29

 
11,738

1.55
Schedule of range of exercise prices of outstanding share options
The number of options outstanding by strike price as of December 31, 2017 is shown in the following table:
 
 
Options outstanding
 
Options exercisable
 
 
Number outstanding at December 31, 2017
Weighted-average remaining contractual life
Weighted-average exercise price
 
Number outstanding at December 31, 2017
Weighted-average exercise price
Range of exercise price (Cdn$)
 
('000)
(years)
(Cdn$)
 
('000)
(Cdn$)
0.30 to 0.50
 
3,084

7.0
0.38

 
2,501

0.38

0.51 to 1.00
 
5,921

7.0
0.73

 
4,393

0.77

1.01 to 1.50
 
2,664

8.6
1.28

 
949

1.26

1.51 to 2.50
 
3,452

2.3
1.80

 
3,452

1.80

2.51 to 3.50
 
1,278

2.6
2.94

 
1,278

2.94

3.51 to 5.00
 
230

2.2
3.53

 
230

3.53

 
 
16,629

5.9
1.19

 
12,803

1.28

The number of options outstanding by strike price as of December 31, 2016 is shown in the following table:
 
 
Options outstanding
 
Options exercisable
 
 
Number outstanding at December 31, 2016
Weighted-average remaining contractual life
Weighted-average exercise price
 
Number outstanding at December 31, 2016
Weighted-average exercise price
Range of exercise price (Cdn$)
 
('000)
(years)
(Cdn$)
 
('000)
(Cdn$)
0.30 to 0.50
 
3,096

8.0
0.38

 
1,690

0.38

0.51 to 1.00
 
5,837

7.9
0.73

 
2,929

0.80

1.01 to 1.50
 
547

5.5
1.24

 
480

1.27

1.51 to 2.50
 
4,780

2.6
1.84

 
4,780

1.84

2.51 to 3.50
 
1,434

3.5
2.97

 
1,434

2.97

3.51 to 5.00
 
425

2.4
3.69

 
425

3.69

 
 
16,119

5.7
1.29

 
11,738

1.55
Summary of other equity activity
A summary of the PSU activity during the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
 
For the Years Ended 
 December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Number of PSUs, beginning of period ('000)
 
15,480

 
9,618

Granted
 
—

 
6,058

Settled
 
(1,876
)
 
—

Forfeited
 
—

 
(196
)
Number of PSUs, end of period ('000)
 
13,604

 
15,480

A summary of the SARs activity during the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
 
For the Years Ended 
 December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Number of SARs, beginning of period ('000)
 
2,687

 
2,934

Granted
 
1,460

 
1,850

Exercised
 
(792
)
 
(10
)
Forfeited
 
(690
)
 
(678
)
Expired
 
—

 
(1,409
)
Number of SARs, end of period ('000)
 
2,665

 
2,687

A summary of DSU activity during the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
 
For the Years Ended 
 December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Number of DSUs, beginning of period ('000)
 
5,733

 
4,496

Granted
 
527

 
1,277

Exercised
 
(1,168
)
 
(40
)
Number of DSUs, end of period ('000)
 
5,092

 
5,733