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Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

NOTE 29 Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The Company categorizes its assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value into a three level hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique used to determine estimated fair value. The estimated fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used in the determination of the estimated fair value measurement fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the estimated fair value measurement. Assets and liabilities valued at estimated fair value are categorized based on the following inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1—Inputs that utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that an entity has the ability to access.

Level 2—Inputs that include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Estimated fair values for these instruments are estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of investment securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows.

Level 3—Inputs that are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Company may re-measure the carrying value of assets and liabilities measured on a nonrecurring basis to estimated fair value. Adjustments to estimated fair value usually result when certain assets are impaired. Such assets are written down from their carrying amounts to their estimated fair value.

Professional standards allow entities the irrevocable option to elect to measure certain financial instruments and other items at estimated fair value for the initial and subsequent measurement on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The Company adopted the policy to value certain financial instruments at estimated fair value. The Company has not elected to measure any existing financial instruments at estimated fair value; however, it may elect to measure newly acquired financial instruments at estimated fair value in the future.

Recurring Basis

The Company uses estimated fair value measurements to record estimated fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine estimated fair value disclosures. For additional information on how the Company measures estimated fair value refer to Note 1 (Significant Accounting Policies).

The following tables present the balances of the assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2023 and 2022:


		December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)		Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Available-for-sale
U.S. treasury and government agencies		$	—		$	1,120		$	—		$	1,120
Mortgage backed securities
Residential agency			—			435,594			—			435,594
Commercial			—			1,353			—			1,353
Asset backed securities			—			25			—			25
Corporate bonds			—			48,644			—			48,644
Total available-for-sale investment securities		$	—		$	486,736		$	—		$	486,736
Other assets
Derivatives		$	—		$	8,512		$	—		$	8,512
Other liabilities
Derivatives		$	—		$	9,180		$	—		$	9,180


		December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)		Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Available-for-sale
U.S. treasury and government agencies		$	—		$	3,520		$	—		$	3,520
Mortgage backed securities
Residential agency			—			587,679			—			587,679
Commercial			—			63,558			—			63,558
Asset backed securities			—			34			—			34
Corporate bonds			—			62,533			—			62,533
Total available-for-sale investment securities		$	—		$	717,324		$	—		$	717,324
Other assets
Derivatives		$	—		$	6,405		$	—		$	6,405
Other liabilities
Derivatives		$	—		$	6,303		$	—		$	6,303

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Investment Securities, Available-for-sale

Generally, debt securities are valued using pricing for similar securities, recently executed transactions, and other pricing models utilizing observable inputs and therefore are classified as Level 2.

Derivatives

All of the Company’s derivatives are traded in over the counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available. For these derivatives, estimated fair value is measured using internally developed models that use primarily market observable inputs, such as yield curves and option volatilities, and accordingly, classify as Level 2. Examples of Level 2 derivatives are basic interest rate swaps and forward contracts.

Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets are measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets are not measured at estimated fair value on an ongoing basis; however, they are subject to estimated fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment or a change in the amount of previously recognized impairment.

The estimated fair value of certain assets on a nonrecurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:


		December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)		Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Collateral dependent loans		$	—		$	—		$	3,998		$	3,998
Foreclosed assets			—			—			32			32
Servicing rights			—			—			2,052			2,052


		December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)		Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Collateral dependent loans		$	—		$	—		$	2,813		$	2,813
Foreclosed assets			—			—			30			30
Servicing rights			—			—			2,643			2,643

Loans Held for Sale

Loans originated and held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. The Company obtains quotes or bids on these loans directly from purchasing financial institutions. Typically, these quotes include a premium on the sale and thus these quotes indicate estimated fair value of the held for sale loans is greater than cost.

Impairment losses for loans held for sale that are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value represent additional net write-downs during the period to record these loans at the lower of cost or estimated fair value subsequent to their initial classification as loans held for sale.

The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used to measure Level 3 estimated fair value as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were as follows:


					December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)										Weighted
Asset Type		Valuation Technique		Unobservable Input	Fair Value			Range		Average
Individually evaluated		Appraisal value		Property specific adjustment	$	3,998		10.0	%	10.0	%
Foreclosed assets		Appraisal value		Property specific adjustment ⁽¹⁾		32		N/A		N/A
Servicing rights		Discounted cash flows		Prepayment speed assumptions		2,052		85-151		104
				Discount rate				11.1	%	11.1	%

(1)	There were no discounts taken on the collateral that comprises the balance of foreclosed assets as of December 31, 2023.


					December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)										Weighted
Asset Type		Valuation Technique		Unobservable Input	Fair Value			Range		Average
Individually evaluated		Appraisal value		Property specific adjustment	$	2,813		10.0	%	10.0	%
Foreclosed assets		Appraisal value		Property specific adjustment ⁽¹⁾		30		N/A		N/A
Servicing rights		Discounted cash flows		Prepayment speed assumptions		2,643		103-137		115
				Discount rate				10.5	%	10.5	%

(1)	There were no discounts taken on the collateral that comprises the balance of foreclosed assets as of December 31, 2022.

Disclosure of estimated fair value information about financial instruments, for which it is practicable to estimate that value, is required whether or not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. In cases in which quoted market prices are not available, estimated fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimate of future cash flows. In that regard, the derived estimated fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments. Certain financial instruments, with an estimated fair value that is not practicable to estimate and all non-financial instruments, are excluded from the disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate estimated fair value amounts presented do not necessarily represent the underlying value of the Company.

The following disclosures represent financial instruments in which the ending balances, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, were not carried at estimated fair value in their entirety on the consolidated balance sheets.

Cash and Due from Banks and Accrued Interest

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximate those assets and liabilities estimated fair values.

Investment Securities, Held-to-Maturity

The fair values of debt securities held-to-maturity are based on quoted market prices for the same or similar securities, recently executed transactions and pricing models.

Loans

For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, estimated fair values are based on carrying values. The estimated fair values of other loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

Bank-owned life insurance is carried at the amount due upon surrender of the policy, which is also the estimated fair value. This amount was provided by the insurance companies based on the terms of the underlying insurance contract.

Deposits

The estimated fair values of demand deposits are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the consolidated balance sheet date. The estimated fair values of fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies current incremental interest rates being offered on certificates of deposit to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities of the outstanding certificates of deposit.

Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt

For variable-rate borrowings that reprice frequently, estimated fair values are based on carrying values. The estimated fair values of fixed-rate borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

Off-Balance Sheet Credit-Related Commitments

Off-balance sheet credit related commitments are generally of short-term nature. The contract amount of such commitments approximates their estimated fair value since the commitments are comprised primarily of unfunded loan commitments which are generally priced at market at the time of funding.

The estimated fair values, and related carrying or notional amounts, of the Company’s financial instruments at the dates indicated are as follows:


		December 31, 2023
		Carrying			Estimated Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)		Amount			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Financial Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	129,893		$	129,893		$	—		$	—		$	129,893
Investment securities held-to-maturity			299,515			—			258,617			—			258,617
Loans, net			2,723,740			—			—			2,590,535			2,590,535
Accrued interest receivable			15,700			15,700			—			—			15,700
Bank-owned life insurance			33,236			—			33,236			—			33,236
Financial Liabilities
Noninterest-bearing deposits		$	728,082		$	—		$	728,082		$	—		$	728,082
Interest-bearing deposits			1,955,967			—			1,955,967			—			1,955,967
Time deposits			411,562			—			408,910			—			408,910
Short-term borrowings			314,170			314,170			—			—			314,170
Long-term debt			58,956			—			57,437			—			57,437
Accrued interest payable			6,826			6,826			—			—			6,826


		December 31, 2022
		Carrying			Estimated Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)		Amount			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Financial Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	58,242		$	58,242		$	—		$	—		$	58,242
Investment securities held-to-maturity			321,902			—			270,912			—			270,912
Loans, net			2,412,848			—			—			2,311,956			2,311,956
Accrued interest receivable			12,869			12,869			—			—			12,869
Bank-owned life insurance			33,991			—			33,991			—			33,991
Financial Liabilities
Noninterest-bearing deposits		$	860,987		$	—		$	860,987		$	—		$	860,987
Interest-bearing deposits			1,842,138			—			1,842,138			—			1,842,138
Time deposits			212,359			—			208,550			—			208,550
Short-term borrowings			378,080			378,080			—			—			378,080
Long-term debt			58,843			—			56,116			—			56,116
Accrued interest payable			2,426			2,426			—			—			2,426

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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