Share-Based Compensation, Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Schedule of recognized share-based compensation expense

The tables below provide information on our share-based compensation.

Recognized Share-Based Compensation Expense
Year ended December 31 (in millions)	2017		2016		2015
Restricted share units	$	349	$	306	$	273
Stock options	205		173		157
Employee stock purchase plans	32		28		25
Total	$	586	$	507	$	455

Schedule of stock option and restricted share units activity

Stock Options and Restricted Share Units
As of December 31, 2017, unless otherwise stated (in millions, except per share data)	Stock Options		RSUs
Awards granted during 2017	39		15
Weighted-average exercise price of awards granted during 2017	$	37.47
Stock options outstanding and nonvested RSUs	191		42
Weighted-average exercise price of stock options outstanding	$	24.98
Weighted-average fair value at grant date of nonvested RSUs			$	30.93

Schedule of stock option and restricted share units fair value and significant assumptions

The table below presents the weighted-average fair value on the date of grant of RSUs and stock options awarded under our various plans and the related weighted-average valuation assumptions.

Year ended December 31	2017			2016			2015
RSUs fair value	$	37.77		$	30.02		$	29.41
Stock options fair value	$	7.01		$	5.78		$	5.89
Stock Option Valuation Assumptions:
Dividend yield	1.7		%	1.8		%	1.7		%
Expected volatility	20.1		%	23.0		%	23.0		%
Risk-free interest rate	2.2		%	1.5		%	1.6		%
Expected option life (in years)	6.1			6.1			6.0