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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
6. Income Taxes
The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the United States statutory tax rate primarily due to valuation allowances, changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in accruals related to uncertain tax positions and tax planning structures. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 we had $1.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of gross unrecognized tax benefits, exclusive of interest and penalties.
FASB ASC 740-20, “Income Taxes — Intraperiod Tax Allocation”, requires that the provision for income taxes be allocated between continuing operations and other categories of earnings (such as discontinued operations or other comprehensive income) for each tax jurisdiction. In periods in which there is a year-to-date pre-tax loss from continuing operations and pre-tax income in other categories of earnings, the tax provision is first allocated to the other categories of earnings. A related tax benefit is then recorded in continuing operations. There is no tax benefit included in our income tax provision for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2011. There was a $0.4 million tax benefit recorded for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2010. Depending upon the level of our future earnings and losses and their impact on other comprehensive income, it is possible that these tax adjustments may change or even reverse in future periods.
Further, our current and future provision for income taxes for 2011 is significantly impacted by valuation allowances. In the United States, China, the Netherlands and Portugal we have recorded valuation allowances against our deferred income tax assets. For the three months and six months ended June 30, 2011, we did not release any valuation allowance. During the first quarter of 2010, we reduced our valuation allowance by $1.1 million. The release of the valuation allowance in 2010 was related to net operating losses in Mexico that were utilized. In assessing the need for recording a valuation allowance we weigh all available positive and negative evidence. Examples of the evidence we consider are cumulative losses in recent years, losses expected in early future years, a history of potential tax benefits expiring unused, and whether there was an unusual, infrequent, or extraordinary item to be considered. We intend to maintain these allowances until it is more likely than not that the deferred income tax assets will be realized.
Total income tax payments for the three months ended June 30, 2011, were $4.6 million, including $3.2 million in cash and $1.4 million in credits or offsets. Total income tax payments for the three months ended June 30, 2010, were refunds of $0.1 million, including a refund of $0.2 million in cash and $0.1 million in credits or offsets. Total income tax payments for the six months ended June 30, 2011, were $11.2 million, including $7.7 million in cash and $3.5 million in credits or offsets. Total income tax payments for the six months ended June 30, 2010, were $5.5 million, including $4.7 million in cash and $0.8 million in credits or offsets.