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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

For interim tax reporting, we estimate our annual effective tax rate and apply it to our year-to-date ordinary income. Tax jurisdictions with a projected or year-to-date loss for which a tax benefit cannot be realized are excluded from the annualized effective tax rate. The tax effects of unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, are reported in the interim period in which they occur.

Our effective tax rate was 79.6 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to 12.6 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2017. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2018, which was above the United States statutory rate of 21 percent, was increased 33.6 percent by the timing and mix of pretax income earned outside the United States, increased 1.9 percent by the impact of foreign exchange, and increased 23.1 percent by other items including foreign withholding tax and nondeductible expenses. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2017, which was below the United States statutory rate of 35 percent, was reduced 67.7 percent by the timing and mix of pretax income earned outside the United States, increased 28.0 percent by the impact of foreign exchange, and increased 17.3 percent by other items including foreign withholding tax and nondeductible expenses.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to examination by various countries' tax authorities. These examinations may lead to proposed or assessed adjustments to our taxes. In August 2016, the Mexican tax authority (SAT) assessed one of our Mexican subsidiaries related to the audit of its 2010 tax year. The amount assessed was approximately 3 billion Mexican pesos, which was equivalent to approximately $157 million U.S. dollars as of the date of the assessment. The Company has filed an administrative appeal with SAT requesting that the assessment be fully nullified. We are awaiting the outcome of the appeal. Management, in consultation with external legal counsel, believes that if contested in the Mexican court system, it is more likely than not that the Company would prevail on all significant components of the assessment. Management intends to continue to vigorously contest all significant components of the assessment in the Mexican courts if they are not nullified at the administrative appeal level. We believe that our tax reserves related to uncertain tax positions are adequate at this time. There were no significant developments affecting this matter for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Act), enacted December 22, 2017, changed many aspects of the U.S. tax code. Our accounting for the Act is incomplete. As noted at year-end, however, we were able to reasonably estimate certain effects and, therefore, recorded provisional adjustments associated with the deemed repatriation transition tax and the revaluation of our deferred taxes. We have not yet adopted an accounting policy regarding whether we will treat Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (GILTI) as a period cost or establish deferred taxes related thereto. We have not made any additional measurement-period adjustments related to these items during the first six months of the year. However, we are continuing to gather additional information to complete our accounting for these items and expect to complete our accounting within the prescribed measurement period.