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Segment Information (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 28, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of segment information
The tables below present our operating results by segment (in thousands). The significant expense categories and amounts presented in the tables below align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM. A reconciliation to Company results is included in the following section.
Three Months Ended September 28, 2025
Domestic Company-Owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalTotal
Revenues from external customers$165,194$33,797$209,403$44,721$453,115
Intersegment revenues—1,16150,086—51,247
Segment revenue$165,194$34,958$259,489$44,721$504,362
Less segment expenses (a):
COS - Product Costs$49,836$—$186,617$13,426$249,879
COS - Salaries & Benefits55,124—31,0521,94188,117
COS - Other (d)
45,957—16,7798,67771,413
General & Administrative10,3359,4525,83910,85836,484
Other Segment Expenses (c)
———4,5194,519
Segment adjusted EBITDA$3,942 $25,506 $19,202 $5,300 $53,950 
Three Months Ended September 29, 2024
Domestic Company-Owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalTotal
Revenues from external customers$168,672$33,831$210,389$39,098$451,990
Intersegment revenues—1,01152,063—53,074
Segment revenue$168,672$34,842$262,452$39,098$505,064
Less segment expenses (a):
COS - Product Costs$52,953$—$191,868$12,996$257,817
COS - Salaries & Benefits56,554—29,3071,61587,476
COS - Other (d)
45,577—16,1187,20868,903
General & Administrative (b)
9,2348,1818,4739,94435,832
Other Segment Expenses (c)
———3,2843,284
Segment adjusted EBITDA$4,354 $26,661 $16,686 $4,051 $51,752 
Nine Months Ended September 28, 2025
Domestic Company-Owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalTotal
Revenues from external customers$511,786$104,708$637,168$128,016$1,381,678
Intersegment revenues—3,664154,356—158,020
Segment revenue$511,786$108,372$791,524$128,016$1,539,698
Less segment expenses (a):
COS - Product Costs$155,169$—$566,640$37,645$759,454
COS - Salaries & Benefits170,305—91,0955,473266,873
COS - Other (d)
136,441—49,43925,116210,996
General & Administrative31,03328,77626,14528,983114,937
Other Segment Expenses (c)
———14,47914,479
Segment adjusted EBITDA$18,838 $79,596 $58,205 $16,320 $172,959 
Nine Months Ended September 29, 2024
Domestic Company-Owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalTotal
Revenues from external customers$518,103$103,937$611,873$132,318$1,366,231
Intersegment revenues—3,101151,633—154,734
Segment revenue$518,103$107,038$763,506$132,318$1,520,965
Less segment expenses (a):
COS - Product Costs$154,441$—$555,264$39,224$748,929
COS - Salaries & Benefits170,532—87,79912,118270,449
COS - Other (d)
131,478—45,02831,541208,047
General & Administrative (b)
28,88424,66226,51128,258108,315
Other Segment Expenses (c)
———9,2199,219
Segment adjusted EBITDA$32,768 $82,376 $48,904 $11,958 $176,006 
___________________________________
(a)    Segment expenses exclude Depreciation and amortization, Stock-based compensation expense, and certain General and Administrative expenses and other items that do not reflect normal, recurring expenses necessary to operate our business (see reconciliation that follows).
(b)    The Company prospectively adjusted for updates in internal cost allocation methodologies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2024, which increased the amount of internal general and administrative expenses allocated to the segments from Unallocated corporate expenses. These methodology updates have been reflected in the 2024 comparable results. Refer to Note 23 of the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2024 for additional information.
(c)    Other Segment Expenses represent all operating expenses that are not included in the significant segment expense categories. The components of Other Segment Expenses are advertising fund expenses and other operating expenses.
(d)    We have included “COS - Other” as a significant expense category beginning in the first quarter of 2025, consistent with the segment expense categories regularly provided to the CODM when evaluating segment performance and allocating resources. “COS - Other” includes delivery expenses, Company-owned restaurant advertising costs, insurance, rent, aggregator fees, and other costs of sales. For comparability purposes, we have recast quarterly 2024 segment results to include this expense category.
Reconciliation of Segment Results to Company Results

The following table reconciles total revenue from our segments to Total revenues and total adjusted EBITDA from our segments to Income before income taxes (in thousands):

Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 28, 2025September 29, 2024September 28, 2025September 29, 2024
Total Segment revenue$504,362 $505,064 $1,539,698 $1,520,965 
All Other Revenue (a)
68,866 68,289 216,958 202,808 
Elimination of intersegment revenue(65,074)(66,546)(201,027)(195,156)
Total revenues$508,154 $506,807 $1,555,629 $1,528,617 
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 28, 2025September 29, 2024September 28, 2025September 29, 2024
Total Segment adjusted EBITDA$53,950 $51,752 $172,959 $176,006 
All Other adjusted EBITDA (a)
4,498 6,841 23,896 19,559 
Unallocated corporate expenses, adjusted (b)
(10,689)(8,678)(46,857)(26,241)
Other income/(expense) adjustments to reconcile to income before income before income taxes (c)
(31,588)15,314 (85,372)(42,151)
Net interest expense(9,945)(10,629)(30,608)(32,588)
Income before income taxes$6,226 $54,600 $34,018 $94,585 
___________________________________
(a)    As noted in the commentary above, All Other revenue and adjusted EBITDA is derived from business units that do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for determining reportable segments. These consist of operations that derive revenues from franchise contributions to marketing funds and information systems and related services used in restaurant operations, including our point-of-sale system, online and other technology-based ordering platforms. Our largest marketing fund is PJMF, which is designed to operate at break-even for the purpose of designing and administering advertising and promotional programs for all participating Domestic restaurants. Technology-based franchisee fees are meant to offset the costs of building, operating, and depreciating technology that supports franchisee operations. As such, these fees may vary from period to period, as they are designed to operate near break-even over time including the impact of depreciation.
(b)    Unallocated corporate expenses represent administrative fees incurred by the restaurant support centers, including information systems and related services, corporate salaries and bonuses, and other corporate costs. These expenses are adjusted for depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, and certain general and administrative expenses and other items that do not reflect normal, recurring expenses necessary to operate our business (see reconciliation that follows). The increases in unallocated corporate expenses for the three and nine month periods ended September 28, 2025 were primarily due to incremental marketing investments and an increase in management incentive compensation compared to the prior year comparable period.
(c)    Other income/(expense) adjustments represent Depreciation and amortization, Stock-based compensation expense, and certain general and administrative expenses and other items that do not reflect normal, recurring expenses necessary to operate our business. As such, management excludes these items from the evaluation of adjusted EBITDA. For the periods above, the adjustments include:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(in thousands)September 28, 2025September 29, 2024September 28, 2025September 29, 2024
Depreciation and amortization$24,914 $17,260 $62,076 $52,528 
Stock-based compensation expense4,639 3,358 12,132 5,903 
Gain on sale of QC Center properties— (41,289)— (41,289)
International restructuring costs231 3,862 4,862 19,514 
Other costs (a)
1,804 1,495 6,302 5,495 
Other (income)/expense adjustments$31,588 $(15,314)$85,372 $42,151 
___________________________________
(a)For the three and nine months ended September 28, 2025, other costs is comprised of the following:
i.Losses on disposal of equipment incurred in connection with the termination of a COVID-era program that pre-purchased store equipment due to supply chain challenges;
ii.Costs associated with project-based strategic initiatives that are not related to our ongoing operations as well as transaction costs incurred in connection with the anticipated sale of our 70% interest in a joint venture operating 85 restaurants (refer to “Note 11. Divestitures” for further information), of which approximately $0.1 million was attributable to noncontrolling interests, and;
iii.Costs incurred, net of anticipated insurance recoveries, arising from tornadoes that struck the Texas QC Center as well as the restaurant support center and QC Center in Louisville, Kentucky.
Schedule of revenue disaggregated by major product line
In the following tables, revenues are disaggregated by major product/service line. The tables also include a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues by the reportable segment (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 28, 2025
Domestic Company-owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalAll OtherElimination of Intersegment RevenueTotal
Company-owned restaurant sales$165,194 $— $— $3,227 $— $— $168,421 
Franchise royalties and fees— 34,958 — 13,254 — (1,161)47,051 
Commissary sales— — 259,489 20,178 — (50,086)229,581 
Other revenues— — — 3,278 22,463 (4,317)21,424 
Advertising funds revenue— — — 4,784 46,403 (9,510)41,677 
Total revenues$165,194 $34,958 $259,489 $44,721 $68,866 $(65,074)$508,154 
Three Months Ended September 29, 2024
Domestic Company-owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalAll OtherElimination of Intersegment RevenueTotal
Company-owned restaurant sales$168,672 $— $— $2,425 $— $— $171,097 
Franchise royalties and fees— 34,842 — 12,000 — (1,012)45,830 
Commissary sales— — 262,452 18,600 — (52,063)228,989 
Other revenues— — — 2,789 20,247 (3,515)19,521 
Advertising funds revenue— — — 3,284 48,042 (9,956)41,370 
Total revenues$168,672 $34,842 $262,452 $39,098 $68,289 $(66,546)$506,807 
Nine Months Ended September 28, 2025
Domestic Company-owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalAll OtherElimination of Intersegment RevenueTotal
Company-owned restaurant sales$511,786 $— $— $9,505 $— $— $521,291 
Franchise royalties and fees— 108,372 — 38,701 — (3,664)143,409 
Commissary sales— — 791,524 55,930 — (154,356)693,098 
Other revenues— — — 9,971 71,842 (13,496)68,317 
Advertising funds revenue— — — 13,909 145,116 (29,511)129,514 
Total revenues$511,786 $108,372 $791,524 $128,016 $216,958 $(201,027)$1,555,629 
Nine Months Ended September 29, 2024
Domestic Company-owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalAll OtherElimination of Intersegment RevenueTotal
Company-owned restaurant sales$518,103 $— $— $28,885 $— $— $546,988 
Franchise royalties and fees— 107,038 — 35,598 — (3,101)139,535 
Commissary sales— — 763,506 48,950 — (151,633)660,823 
Other revenues— — — 9,641 61,924 (10,699)60,866 
Advertising funds revenue— — — 9,244 140,884 (29,723)120,405 
Total revenues$518,103 $107,038 $763,506 $132,318 $202,808 $(195,156)$1,528,617