10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x    Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 26, 2023

OR

o    Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number: 0-21660

PAPA JOHN’S INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	61-1203323
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification number)

2002 Papa John’s Boulevard
Louisville, KY	40299-2367
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(502) 261-7272

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class:	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common stock, $0.01 par value	PZZA	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	x	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	o
		Emerging growth company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

At April 27, 2023, there were 32,656,059 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.

INDEX

		Page No.
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets — March 26, 2023 and December 25, 2022	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations — Three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit — Three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	33
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	34
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	34
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	34
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	35
Item 6.	Exhibits	36

i

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share amounts)	March 26, 2023		December 25, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	46,708	$	47,373
Accounts receivable, net	99,997		102,533
Notes receivable, current portion	7,207		6,848
Income tax receivable	5,957		8,780
Inventories	37,112		41,382
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	49,917		44,123
Total current assets	246,898		251,039
Property and equipment, net	253,144		249,793
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net	27,847		24,941
Operating lease right-of-use assets	170,148		172,425
Notes receivable, less current portion, net	21,242		21,248
Goodwill	70,788		70,616
Deferred income taxes	553		1,920
Other assets	74,241		72,245
Total assets	$	864,861	$	864,227
Liabilities, Redeemable noncontrolling interests and Stockholders’ deficit
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	68,622	$	62,316
Income and other taxes payable	8,180		8,766
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	134,988		142,535
Current deferred revenue	20,508		21,272
Current finance lease liabilities	7,473		6,850
Current operating lease liabilities	24,959		23,418
Current portion of long-term debt	8,200		—
Total current liabilities	272,930		265,157
Deferred revenue	21,733		23,204
Long-term finance lease liabilities	21,392		19,022
Long-term operating lease liabilities	157,211		160,905
Long-term debt, less current portion, net	797,362		597,069
Deferred income taxes	1,112		—
Other long-term liabilities	67,183		68,317
Total liabilities	1,338,923		1,133,674
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	1,263		1,217
Stockholders’ deficit:
Common stock ($0.01 par value per share; issued 49,207 at March 26, 2023 and 49,138 at December 25, 2022)	492		491
Additional paid-in capital	443,686		449,829
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(8,766)		(10,135)
Retained earnings	203,569		195,856
Treasury stock (16,851 shares at March 26, 2023 and 14,402 shares at December 25, 2022, at cost)	(1,130,136)		(922,434)
Total stockholders’ deficit	(491,155)		(286,393)
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries	15,830		15,729
Total Stockholders’ deficit	(475,325)		(270,664)
Total Liabilities, Redeemable noncontrolling interests and Stockholders’ deficit	$	864,861	$	864,227

See accompanying notes.

1

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Revenues:
Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales	$	179,866	$	198,765
North America franchise royalties and fees	36,072		34,268
North America commissary revenues	212,566		209,679
International revenues	31,463		34,617
Other revenues	67,082		65,363
Total revenues	527,049		542,692
Costs and expenses:
Operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below):
Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses	147,784		161,661
North America commissary expenses	196,415		197,090
International expenses	17,311		19,914
Other expenses	61,078		60,555
General and administrative expenses	51,944		65,937
Depreciation and amortization	14,721		11,940
Total costs and expenses	489,253		517,097
Refranchising and impairment loss	—		(11,160)
Operating income	37,796		14,435
Net interest expense	(9,021)		(4,264)
Income before income taxes	28,775		10,171
Income tax expense (benefit)	6,229		(1,256)
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests	22,546		11,427
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(170)		(933)
Net income attributable to the Company	$	22,376	$	10,494
Calculation of net income for earnings per share:
Net income attributable to the Company	$	22,376	$	10,494
Dividends paid to participating securities	—		(60)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	22,376	$	10,434
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.66	$	0.29
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.65	$	0.29
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	34,155		35,927
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	34,324		36,236
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.42	$	0.35

See accompanying notes.

2

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests	$	22,546	$	11,427
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	1,442		(861)
Interest rate swaps (1)	336		1,712
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	1,778		851
Income tax effect:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(332)		198
Interest rate swaps (2)	(77)		(394)
Income tax effect	(409)		(196)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	1,369		655
Comprehensive income before attribution to noncontrolling interests	23,915		12,082
Less: comprehensive income, redeemable noncontrolling interests	(46)		(510)
Less: comprehensive income, nonredeemable noncontrolling interests	(124)		(423)
Comprehensive income attributable to the Company	$	23,745	$	11,149

___________________________________

(1)    Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into net interest (expense) income include $(207) and $535 for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively.

(2)    The income tax effects of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss were $47 and $(120) for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively.

See accompanying notes.

3

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

(Unaudited)

	Papa John’s International, Inc.
(In thousands)	Common Stock Shares Outstanding	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (2)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock (3)		Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiaries		Total Stockholders’ Deficit
For the three months ended March 26, 2023
Balance at December 25, 2022	34,736	$	491	$	449,829	$	(10,135)	$	195,856	$	(922,434)	$	15,729	$	(270,664)
Net income (1)	—	—		—		—		22,376		—		124		$	22,500
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—		—		1,369		—		—		—		$	1,369
Dividends on common stock	—	—		—		—		(14,663)		—		—		$	(14,663)
Exercise of stock options	15	—		614		—		—		—		—		$	614
Acquisition of Company common stock	(2,523)	—		—		—		—		(212,444)		—		$	(212,444)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	1		3,897		—		—		—		—		$	3,898
Issuance of restricted stock	197	—		(4,609)		—		—		4,609		—		$	—
Tax effect of restricted stock awards	(72)	—		(5,999)		—		—		—		—		$	(5,999)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—	—		—		—		—		—		(23)		$	(23)
Other	3	—		(46)		—		—		133		—		$	87
Balance at March 26, 2023	32,356	$	492	$	443,686	$	(8,766)	$	203,569	$	(1,130,136)	$	15,830	$	(475,325)

___________________________________

(1)    Net income to the Company for the three months ended March 26, 2023 excludes $46 allocable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests for our joint venture arrangements.

(2)    At March 26, 2023, the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $8,766 was comprised of net unrealized foreign currency translation loss of $7,586 and net unrealized loss on the interest rate swap agreements of $1,180.

(3)    Acquisition of Company common stock for the three months ended March 26, 2023 includes $2,804 of transaction costs directly attributable to share repurchases, including a 1% excise tax incurred under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.

See accompanying notes.

4

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit (continued)

(Unaudited)

	Papa John’s International, Inc.
(In thousands)	Common Stock Shares Outstanding	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (2)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiaries		Total Stockholders’ Deficit
For the three months ended March 27, 2022
Balance at December 26, 2021	35,797	$	490	$	445,126	$	(9,971)	$	183,157	$	(806,472)	$	15,212	$	(172,458)
Net income (1)	—	—		—		—		10,494		—		423		$	10,917
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—		—		655		—		—		—		$	655
Dividends on common stock	—	—		47		—		(12,527)		—		—		$	(12,480)
Exercise of stock options	17	—		741		—		—		—		—		$	741
Acquisition of Company common stock	(301)	—		—		—		—		(32,709)		—		$	(32,709)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	1		4,175		—		—		—		—		$	4,176
Issuance of restricted stock	228	—		(6,369)		—		—		6,369		—		$	—
Tax effect of restricted stock awards	(69)	—		(7,461)		—		—		—		—		$	(7,461)
Other	3	—		(34)		—		—		209		—		$	175
Balance at March 27, 2022	35,675	$	491	$	436,225	$	(9,316)	$	181,124	$	(832,603)	$	15,635	$	(208,444)

___________________________________

(1)    Net income to the Company for the three months ended March 27, 2022 excludes $510 allocable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests for our joint venture arrangements.

(2)    At March 27, 2022, the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $9,316 was comprised of net unrealized foreign currency translation loss of $5,533 and net unrealized loss on the interest rate swap agreements of $3,783.

See accompanying notes.

5

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Operating activities
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests	$	22,546	$	11,427
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for allowance for credit losses on accounts and notes receivable	513		15,167
Depreciation and amortization	14,721		11,940
Refranchising and impairment loss	—		11,160
Deferred income taxes	2,031		(1,817)
Stock-based compensation expense	3,898		4,176
Other	496		(2,135)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	2,182		(2,503)
Income tax receivable	2,822		(1,151)
Inventories	4,330		(4,731)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(4,351)		77
Other assets and liabilities	71		(654)
Accounts payable	(310)		7,359
Income and other taxes payable	(512)		8,013
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(5,413)		(29,469)
Deferred revenue	(2,236)		(1,465)
Net cash provided by operating activities	40,788		25,394
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(18,410)		(10,233)
Notes issued	(976)		(272)
Repayments of notes issued	1,069		3,432
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—		(1,250)
Other	42		8
Net cash used in investing activities	(18,275)		(8,315)
Financing activities
Net proceeds of revolving credit facilities	208,200		47,000
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	614		741
Acquisition of Company common stock	(209,640)		(32,709)
Dividends paid to common stockholders	(14,603)		(12,608)
Tax payments for equity award issuances	(5,999)		(7,461)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(23)		(685)
Other	(1,761)		(1,065)
Net cash used in financing activities	(23,212)		(6,787)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	34		(233)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(665)		10,059
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	47,373		70,610
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	46,708	$	80,669

See accompanying notes.

6

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 26, 2023

1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP” or “U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 26, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for Papa John’s International, Inc. (referred to as the “Company,” “Papa John’s,” “Papa Johns” or in the first-person notations of “we,” “us” and “our”) for the year ended December 25, 2022.

In discussions of our business, “Domestic” is defined as within the contiguous United States, “North America” includes Canada, and “International” includes the rest of the world other than North America.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Papa John’s International, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Variable Interest Entity

Papa John’s domestic restaurants, both Company-owned and franchised, participate in Papa John’s Marketing Fund, Inc. (“PJMF”), a nonstock corporation designed to operate at break-even as it spends all annual contributions received from the system. PJMF collects a percentage of revenues from Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States and Canada for the purpose of designing and administering advertising and promotional programs. PJMF is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) that funds its operations with ongoing financial support and contributions from the North America restaurants, of which approximately 85 percent are franchised, and does not have sufficient equity to fund its operations without these ongoing financial contributions. Based on an assessment of the governance structure and operating procedures of PJMF, the Company determined it has the power to control certain significant activities of PJMF, and therefore, is the primary beneficiary. The Company has consolidated PJMF in its financial results in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, “Consolidation.”

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant items that are subject to such estimates and assumptions include the allowance for credit losses on accounts and notes receivable, intangible assets, contract assets and contract liabilities including the customer loyalty program obligation, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, unredeemed gift card liabilities, insurance reserves and tax reserves. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could significantly differ from these estimates.

Noncontrolling Interests

Papa John’s has joint venture arrangements in which there are noncontrolling interests held by third parties that included 98 and 188 restaurants at March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively. As further described in “Note 10. Divestitures” we divested our 51 percent interest in one joint venture in Texas that owned 90 restaurants in the second quarter of 2022. Consolidated net income is required to be reported separately at amounts attributable to both the Company and the noncontrolling interests. Additionally, disclosures are required to clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the Company and the interests of the noncontrolling owners, including a disclosure on the face of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations of net income attributable to noncontrolling interests.

7

Net income attributable to these joint ventures for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Papa John’s International, Inc.	$	397	$	1,621
Noncontrolling interests	170		933
Total net income	$	567	$	2,554

The following summarizes the redemption feature, location and related accounting within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for these joint venture arrangements:

Type of Joint Venture Arrangement	Location within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	Recorded Value
Joint ventures with no redemption feature	Permanent equity	Carrying value
Joint ventures with option to require the Company to purchase the noncontrolling interest - not currently redeemable or redemption not probable	Temporary equity	Carrying value

Deferred Income Tax Accounts and Tax Reserves

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and several foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and the related assets and liabilities. The provision for income taxes includes income taxes paid, currently payable or receivable and those deferred. We use an estimated annual effective rate based on expected annual income to determine our quarterly provision for income taxes. The effective income tax rate includes the estimated domestic state effective income tax rate and applicable foreign income tax rates. The effective income tax rate is also impacted by various permanent items and credits, net of any related valuation allowances, and can vary based on changes in estimated annual income. Discrete items are recorded in the quarter in which they occur.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are netted by tax jurisdiction. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for the estimated future effects of tax attribute carryforwards (e.g., net operating losses, capital losses, and foreign tax credits). The effect on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates is recognized in the period in which the new tax rate is enacted. Valuation allowances are established when necessary on a jurisdictional basis to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts we expect to realize.

Tax authorities periodically audit the Company. We record reserves and related interest and penalties for identified exposures as income tax expense. We evaluate these issues on a quarterly basis to adjust for events, such as statute of limitations expirations, court rulings or audit settlements, which may impact our ultimate payment for such exposures.

Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

The Company determines the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability to a market participant. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are required to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

•Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to estimate fair value; accordingly, the fair values presented do not necessarily indicate what the Company or its debtholders could realize in a current market exchange.

8

Our financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 26, 2023 and December 25, 2022 are as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
March 26, 2023
Financial assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (a)	$	30,337	$	30,337	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps (b)	$	274	$	—	$	274	$	—
December 25, 2022
Financial assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (a)	$	30,120	$	30,120	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps (b)	$	986	$	—	$	986	$	—

___________________________________

(a)Represents life insurance policies held in our non-qualified deferred compensation plan.

(b)The fair value of our interest rate swaps is based on the sum of all future net present value cash flows. The future cash flows are derived based on the terms of our interest rate swaps, as well as considering published discount factors, and projected London Interbank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”).

The fair value of certain assets and liabilities approximates carrying value because of the short-term nature of the accounts, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net of allowances, and accounts payable. The carrying value of notes receivable, net of allowances, also approximates fair value. The Company’s revolving credit facilities under the Company’s credit agreement approximate carrying value due to their variable market-based interest rate. The Company’s 3.875% senior notes are classified as a Level 2 fair value measurement since the Company estimates the fair value by using recent trading transactions, and have the following estimated fair values and carrying values (excluding the impact of unamortized debt issuance costs) as of March 26, 2023 and December 25, 2022:

	March 26, 2023				December 25, 2022
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
3.875% Senior Notes	$	400,000	$	342,000	$	400,000	$	339,500

Allowance for Credit Losses

Estimates of expected credit losses, even if remote, are based upon historical account write-off trends, facts about the current financial condition of the debtor, forecasts of future operating results based upon current trends of select operating metrics, and macroeconomic factors. Credit quality is monitored through the timing of payments compared to the prescribed payment terms and known facts regarding the financial condition of the franchisee or customer. Account and note balances are charged off against the allowance after recovery efforts have ceased.

The following table summarizes changes in our allowances for credit losses for accounts receivable and notes receivable:

(In thousands)	Accounts Receivable		Notes Receivable
Balance at December 25, 2022	$	6,718	$	14,499
Current period provision for expected credit losses	609		24
Write-offs charged against the allowance	(228)		—
Recoveries collected	(84)		(36)
Balance at March 26, 2023	$	7,015	$	14,487

9

3. Leases

Lessor Operating Leases

The Company subleases certain retail space to our franchisees in the United Kingdom (“UK”), which are primarily operating leases. At March 26, 2023, we leased and subleased 446 Papa Johns restaurants to franchisees in the UK. The initial lease terms on the franchised sites in the UK are generally 15 years. The Company has the option to negotiate an extension toward the end of the lease term at the landlord’s discretion. The initial lease terms of the franchisee subleases are generally five to ten years. Rental income, primarily derived from properties leased and subleased to franchisees in the UK, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective operating lease terms. The Company recognized total sublease income of $2.9 million and $3.0 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively, within Other revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Lease Guarantees

As a result of assigning our interest in obligations under property leases as a condition of the refranchising of certain restaurants, we are contingently liable for payment of 52 domestic leases. These leases have varying terms, the latest of which expires in 2036. As of March 26, 2023, the estimated maximum amount of undiscounted payments the Company could be required to make in the event of nonpayment by the primary lessees was $8.7 million. This contingent liability is not included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as it is not probable to occur. The fair value of the guarantee is not material.

Supplemental Cash Flow & Other Information

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods reported is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	309	$	262
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	1,743	$	1,241
Operating cash flows from operating leases (a)	$	9,178	$	9,612
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	4,764	$	569
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	4,721	$	20,801
Cash received from sublease income	$	2,532	$	3,092

___________________________________

(a)    Included within the change in Other assets and liabilities within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows offset by non-cash operating lease right-of-use asset amortization and lease liability accretion.

4. Papa John’s Marketing Fund, Inc.

PJMF, which is a consolidated VIE where the Company has been identified as the primary beneficiary, collects a percentage of revenues from Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States, for the purpose of designing and administering advertising and promotional programs for all participating Domestic restaurants. Contributions and expenditures are reported on a gross basis in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations within Other revenues and Other expenses. PJMF also has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Papa Card, Inc., which administers the Company’s gift card programs.

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Assets and liabilities of PJMF, which are utilized solely for the Company’s advertising and promotional programs, were as follows in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

	March 26, 2023		December 25, 2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,076	$	17,174
Accounts receivable, net	14,254		14,780
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	7,638		1,815
Total current assets	37,968		33,769
Deferred income taxes	655		655
Total assets	$	38,623	$	34,424
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	13,589	$	12,428
Income and other taxes payable	13		8
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	13,911		17,928
Current portion of long-term debt	8,200		—
Current deferred revenue	4,381		4,395
Total current liabilities	40,094		34,759
Deferred revenue	1,800		2,503
Total liabilities	$	41,894	$	37,262

5. Revenue Recognition

Contract Balances

Our contract liabilities primarily relate to franchise fees, unredeemed gift card liabilities, and loyalty program obligations, which we classify as Deferred revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, the Company recognized $8.4 million and $9.3 million in revenue, respectively, related to deferred revenue.

The following table includes a breakout of contract liability balances (in thousands):

	Contract Liabilities
	March 26, 2023		December 25, 2022		Change
Franchise fees and unredeemed gift card liabilities	$	29,166	$	30,710	$	(1,544)
Customer loyalty program obligations	13,075		13,766		(691)
Total contract liabilities	$	42,241	$	44,476	$	(2,235)

Our contract assets consist primarily of equipment incentives provided to franchisees. Equipment incentives are related to the future value of commissary revenue the Company will receive over the term of the incentive agreement. As of March 26, 2023 and December 25, 2022, the contract assets were approximately $7.0 million and $6.2 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, revenue was reduced approximately $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively, for the amortization of contract assets over the applicable contract terms. Contract assets are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

The following table (in thousands) includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period.

	Performance Obligations by Period
	Less than 1 Year		1-2 Years		2-3 Years		3-4 Years		4-5 Years		Thereafter		Total
Franchise fees	$	3,052	$	2,884	$	2,702	$	2,439	$	2,165	$	6,485	$	19,727

At March 26, 2023, approximately $3.3 million of area development fees related to unopened stores and international unearned royalties are included in Deferred revenue. Timing of revenue recognition is dependent upon the timing of store openings and franchisees’ revenues. Gift card liabilities of approximately $6.2 million, included in Deferred revenue, will be recognized in Company-owned restaurant revenues when gift cards are redeemed. The Company will recognize redemption fee revenue in Other revenues when cards are redeemed at franchised restaurant locations.

The Company applies the practical expedient in ASC 606, “Revenue Recognition” and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less.

6. Common Stock

Shares Authorized and Outstanding

The Company has authorized 100.0 million shares of common stock as of March 26, 2023 and December 25, 2022. The Company’s outstanding shares of common stock outstanding, net of repurchased shares of common stock held as treasury stock, were 32.4 million shares at March 26, 2023, compared to 34.7 million shares at December 25, 2022.

Share Repurchase Program

On October 28, 2021, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved a share repurchase program with an indefinite duration for up to $425.0 million of the Company’s common stock. The following table summarizes our repurchase activity under our share repurchase programs for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022:

(In thousands, except average price per share)	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Aggregate Cost of Shares Purchased (a)		Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Three Months Ended
March 26, 2023	2,523	$	83.10	$	209,640	$	90,160
March 27, 2022	301	$	108.76	$	32,709	$	392,091

(a)    Aggregate cost of shares purchased for the three months ended March 26, 2023 excludes $2.8 million of transaction costs directly attributable to share repurchases, including a 1% excise tax incurred under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. These costs were classified as non-cash financing activities during the three months ended March 26, 2023.

The shares repurchased during the three months ended March 26, 2023 included 2,176,928 shares repurchased on March 1, 2023 from certain funds affiliated with, or managed by, Starboard Value LP (collectively, “Starboard”), at a price of $82.52 per share, for aggregate consideration of $179.6 million. The transaction was negotiated by an independent committee of the Board of Directors formed for the purpose of evaluating a possible transaction involving Starboard, and was approved by the full Board of Directors upon such independent committee’s recommendation. Starboard’s Chief Executive Officer is Jeffrey Smith, who previously served as the Company’s Chairman of the Board until his resignation on March 1, 2023.

The timing and volume of share repurchases under the Company’s share repurchase programs may be executed at the discretion of management on an opportunistic basis, subject to market and business conditions, regulatory requirements and other factors, or pursuant to trading plans or other arrangements. Repurchases under the programs may be made through open market, block, and privately negotiated transactions, including Rule 10b5-1 plans, at times and in such amounts as management deems appropriate. Repurchases under the Company’s share repurchase programs may be commenced or suspended from time to time at the Company’s discretion without prior notice. Funding for the share repurchase programs will be provided through our credit facility, operating cash flow, stock option exercises and cash and cash equivalents.

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Dividends

The Company paid dividends of approximately $14.6 million ($0.42 per share) for the three months ended March 26, 2023. On April 25, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a first quarter dividend of $0.42 per common share (approximately $13.8 million in the aggregate), which will be paid on May 26, 2023 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 15, 2023. The declaration and payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board.

7. Earnings per Share

We compute earnings per share using the two-class method. The two-class method requires an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for common shareholders and participating security holders according to dividends declared and participating rights in undistributed earnings. Time-based restricted stock awards are participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights and participate in undistributed earnings with common stock. Under the two-class method, total dividends provided to the holders of participating securities and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities, are subtracted from net income attributable to the Company in determining net income attributable to common shareholders.

Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share are computed by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders by the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding. Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding consist of basic weighted average common shares outstanding plus weighted average awards outstanding under our equity compensation plans, which are dilutive securities.

The calculations of basic and diluted earnings per common share are as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended
	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Basic earnings per common share
Net income attributable to the Company	$	22,376	$	10,494
Dividends paid to participating securities	—		(60)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	22,376	$	10,434
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	34,155		35,927
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.66	$	0.29
Diluted earnings per common share
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	22,376	$	10,434
Weighted average common shares outstanding	34,155		35,927
Dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards (a)	169		309
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	34,324		36,236
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.65	$	0.29

___________________________________

(a)    Excludes 22,000 and 21,000 equity awards for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively, as the effect of including such awards would have been anti-dilutive.

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8. Debt

Long-term debt, net, consists of the following (in thousands):

	March 26, 2023		December 25, 2022
Senior notes	$	400,000	$	400,000
Revolving facilities (a)	413,133		205,000
Outstanding debt	$	813,133	$	605,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(7,571)		(7,931)
Current portion of long-term debt	(8,200)		—
Total long-term debt, net	$	797,362	$	597,069

___________________________________

(a)    Revolving facilities as of March 26, 2023 includes $8.2 million outstanding under the PJMF Revolving Facility as defined and discussed below.

Senior Notes

On September 14, 2021, the Company issued $400.0 million of 3.875% senior notes (the “Notes”) which will mature on September 15, 2029. Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year at a fixed interest rate of 3.875% per annum.

The Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at any time on or after September 15, 2024 at established redemption prices ranging from 97 to 194 basis points depending on when the Notes are redeemed. At any time prior to September 15, 2024, the Company may also redeem up to 40% of the Notes with net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 103.875% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, excluding the redemption date. In addition, at any time prior to September 15, 2024, the Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest and an applicable “make-whole” premium. The Notes also contain customary redemption provisions related to asset sales and certain change of control transactions.

The Indenture governing the Notes contains customary events of default, including, among other things, payment default, failure to comply with covenants or agreements contained in the Indenture or the Notes and certain provisions related to bankruptcy events. The Indenture also contains customary negative covenants.

Credit Agreement

The Company’s amended and restated credit agreement, dated September 14, 2021 (the “Credit Agreement”) provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate available principal amount of $600.0 million (the “PJI Revolving Facility”), of which up to $40.0 million is available as swingline loans and up to $80.0 million is available as letters of credit. The PJI Revolving Facility will mature on September 14, 2026. The remaining availability under the PJI Revolving Facility was approximately $195.0 million as of March 26, 2023.

Up to $50.0 million of the PJI Revolving Facility may be advanced in certain agreed foreign currencies, including Euros, Pounds Sterling, Canadian Dollars, Japanese Yen, and Mexican Pesos. Additionally, the Credit Agreement includes an accordion feature allowing for a future increase of the PJI Revolving Facility and/or incremental term loans in an aggregate amount of up to $500.0 million, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from one or more new or existing lenders to provide such increased amounts and ongoing compliance with financial covenants.

Loans under the PJI Revolving Facility accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’s election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 2.00% or a base rate (generally determined according to the greater of a prime rate, federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or a LIBOR rate plus 1.00%) plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.00%. In each case, the actual margin is determined according to a ratio of the Company’s total indebtedness to an earnings calculation, Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in our credit agreement), for the then most recently ended four quarter period (the “Leverage Ratio”). An unused commitment fee ranging from 18 to 30 basis points per annum, determined according to the Leverage Ratio, applies to the underutilized commitments under the PJI Revolving Facility. Loans outstanding under the PJI Revolving Facility may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty, subject to customary breakage costs in the case of borrowings for which a LIBOR rate election is in effect. The Credit Agreement also contains

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provisions specifying alternative interest rate calculations to be used at such time as LIBOR ceases to be available as a benchmark for establishing the interest rate on floating interest rate borrowings.

The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants that, among other things, require customary reporting obligations, and restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the occurrence of additional indebtedness and liens, the consummation of certain mergers, consolidations, sales of assets and similar transactions, the making of investments, equity distributions and other restricted payments, and transactions with affiliates. The Company is also subject to the following financial covenants: (1) a maximum Leverage Ratio of 5.25 to 1.00, subject to the Company’s election to increase the maximum Leverage Ratio by 0.50 to 1.00 in connection with material acquisitions if the Company satisfies certain requirements, and (2) a minimum interest coverage ratio defined as Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus consolidated rental expense to consolidated interest expense plus consolidated rental expense of 2.00 to 1.00. We were in compliance with these financial covenants at March 26, 2023.

Obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain direct and indirect material domestic subsidiaries of the Company (the “Guarantors”) and are secured by a security interest in substantially all of the capital stock and equity interests of the Company’s and the Guarantors’ Domestic and first tier material foreign subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement contains customary events of default including, among other things, payment defaults, breach of covenants, cross acceleration to material indebtedness, bankruptcy-related defaults, judgment defaults, and the occurrence of certain change of control events. The occurrence of an event of default may result in the termination of the PJI Revolving Facility, acceleration of repayment obligations and the exercise of remedies by the Lenders with respect to the Guarantors.

PJMF Revolving Facility

PJMF has a $20.0 million revolving line of credit (the “PJMF Revolving Facility”) pursuant to a Revolving Loan Agreement, dated September 30, 2015 with U.S. Bank National Association, as lender. The PJMF Revolving Facility is secured by substantially all assets of PJMF. The PJMF Revolving Facility matures on September 30, 2023, but is subject to annual amendments. The borrowings under the PJMF Revolving Facility accrue interest at a variable rate of a one month LIBOR plus 1.60%. The applicable interest rate on the PJMF Revolving facility was 5.9% for the three months ended March 26, 2023. As of March 26, 2023, the principal amount of debt outstanding under the PJMF Revolving Facility was approximately $8.2 million and is classified as Current portion of long-term debt in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The PJMF operating results and the related debt outstanding do not impact the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Derivative Financial Instruments

As of March 26, 2023, we have the following interest rate swap agreements with a total notional value of $125.0 million:

Effective Dates	Floating Rate Debt		Fixed Rates
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023	$	55 million	2.33%
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023	$	35 million	2.36%
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023	$	35 million	2.34%

In the third quarter of 2021, our interest rate swaps were de-designated as cash flow hedges following the issuance of the Notes and remained undesignated as hedges through June 26, 2022. For these de-designated hedges, the portion of gains or losses on the derivative instruments previously recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”) will be reclassified into earnings as adjustments to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the originally hedged transactions.

As of June 27, 2022, the interest rate swaps were re-designated as cash flow hedges to provide a hedge against changes in variable rate cash flows regarding fluctuations in the LIBOR rate utilized on the revolving credit facility. Therefore, beginning in the third quarter of 2022, our interest rate swaps are accounted for utilizing cash flow hedge accounting treatment. The interest rate swaps are marked to market at each reporting date and any unrealized gains or losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified to interest expense in the same period or periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings.

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The following table provides information on the location and amounts of our swaps in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (in thousands):

	Interest Rate Swap Derivatives
Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value March 26, 2023		Fair Value December 25, 2022
Other current assets	$	274	$	986

The effect of derivative instruments on the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements is as follows (in thousands):

Derivatives - Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCL on Derivative		Location of (Loss) or Gain Reclassified from AOCL into Income	Amount of (Loss) or Gain Reclassified from AOCL into Income		Total Net Interest Expense on Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Interest rate swaps:
March 26, 2023	$	259	Interest Expense	$	(207)	$	(9,021)
March 27, 2022	$	1,318	Interest Expense	$	535	$	(4,264)

Interest paid, including payments made or received under the swaps, was $10.9 million and $10.1 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively.

9. Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including those specifically identified below, consisting of intellectual property, employment, consumer, commercial and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with ASC 450, “Contingencies,” the Company has made accruals with respect to these matters, where appropriate, which are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. We review these provisions at least quarterly and adjust these provisions to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case.

Durling et al v. Papa John’s International, Inc., is a conditionally certified collective action filed in May 2016 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging that corporate restaurant delivery drivers were not properly reimbursed for vehicle mileage and expenses in accordance with the Fair Labor Standards Act. In July 2018, the District Court granted a motion to certify a conditional corporate collective class and the opt-in notice process has been completed. As of the close of the opt-in period on October 29, 2018, 9,571 drivers opted into the collective class. On September 30, 2022, the parties reached a settlement in principle to resolve the case. Pursuant to the terms of the proposed settlement, in exchange for the Company’s payment of a total aggregate settlement amount of no more than $20.0 million subject to a claims-made process, all claims in the action will be dismissed, the litigation will be terminated, and the Company will receive a release. The proposed settlement also includes resolution of a companion case, Hubbard, et al. v. Papa John’s International, Inc., pending in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. The proposed settlement is subject to a claims-made process whereby unclaimed funds revert to the Company, and the Company is only responsible for payments to class and collective action members who timely submit a claim form. Although the return rate for timely claims is unknown and not within the Company’s control, the Company estimates its actual exposure resulting from the settlement to be approximately $10.0 million. On December 19, 2022, the District Court granted preliminary approval of the proposed settlement; however, the settlement remains subject to final approval by the District Court and contains certain customary contingencies. On January 18, 2023, the Company remitted $5.0 million to the settlement administrator as partial funding of the settlement in accordance with the terms of the applicable settlement agreement. As of March 26, 2023, $5.0 million remains in Accrued expenses and other accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company continues to deny any liability or wrongdoing in this matter.

In re Papa John’s Employee & Franchise Employee Antitrust Litigation is a putative class action filed in December 2018 in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. The suit alleges that the “no-poaching” provision previously contained in the Company’s franchise agreement constituted an unlawful agreement or conspiracy in restraint of

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trade and commerce in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act. On April 14, 2022, the parties reached a settlement in principle to resolve the case. Pursuant to the terms of the proposed settlement, in exchange for the Company’s payment of a total aggregate settlement amount of $5.0 million and other non-monetary consideration, all claims in the action will be dismissed, the litigation will be terminated, and the Company will receive a release. The settlement amount was recorded in General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 27, 2022 and remained accrued in Accrued expenses and other accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 26, 2023. The proposed settlement is subject to approval by the District Court and contains certain customary contingencies. The Company continues to deny any liability or wrongdoing in this matter.

10. Divestitures

Refranchising Loss

On March 28, 2022, we refranchised our 51% ownership interest in a 90-restaurant consolidated joint venture in Texas for $14.0 million, net of transaction costs. In connection with the divestiture, we recorded a one-time, non-cash charge of $8.4 million in Refranchising and impairment loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, which reflects net sale proceeds of $14.0 million, the noncontrolling interest of $4.2 million, and the recognition of an unearned royalty stream of $12.2 million to be recognized as revenue over the 10-year term of the franchise agreement executed concurrent with the disposition in accordance with ASC 810, “Consolidation.” The $8.4 million of the one-time, non-cash refranchising loss was recorded in the first quarter of 2022 and realized upon consummation of the sale in the second quarter.

Impairment of Reacquired Master Franchise Rights

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company recorded an impairment of $2.8 million in Refranchising and impairment loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for reacquired franchise rights due to the financial and operational impact of the conflict in Ukraine and government actions taken in response to that conflict, including, but not limited to, international sanctions. The reacquired franchise rights were previously acquired from a former master franchisee and capitalized by the Company.

11. Segment Information

We have four reportable segments: Domestic Company-owned restaurants, North America franchising, North America commissaries, and International operations. The Domestic Company-owned restaurant segment consists of the operations of all Domestic Company-owned restaurants and derives its revenues principally from retail sales of pizza, Papadias, which are flatbread-style sandwiches, and side items, including breadsticks, cheesesticks, chicken poppers and wings, dessert items and canned or bottled beverages. The North America franchising segment consists of our franchise sales and support activities and derives its revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and collection of royalties from our franchisees located in the United States and Canada. The North America commissary segment consists of the operations of our regional dough production and product distribution centers and derives its revenues principally from the sale and distribution of food and paper products to Domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States and Canada. The International segment principally consists of distribution sales to franchised Papa John’s restaurants located in the UK and our franchise sales and support activities, which derive revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and the collection of royalties from our International franchisees. All other business units that do not meet the quantitative thresholds for determining reportable segments, which are not operating segments, we refer to as “all other,” which consists of operations that derive revenues from the sale, principally to Company-owned and franchised restaurants, of printing and promotional items, franchise contributions to marketing funds and information systems and related services used in restaurant operations, including our point-of-sale system, online and other technology-based ordering platforms.

Generally, we evaluate performance and allocate resources based on operating income. Certain administrative and capital costs are allocated to segments based upon predetermined rates or estimated resource usage. We account for intercompany sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties and eliminate the activity in consolidation.

Our reportable segments are business units that provide different products or services. Separate management of each segment is required because each business unit is subject to different operational issues and strategies. No single external customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated revenues.

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The following tables present our segment information.

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Revenues:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants	$	179,866	$	198,765
North America franchising	36,072		34,268
North America commissaries	212,566		209,679
International	38,704		42,707
All others	59,841		57,273
Total revenues	$	527,049	$	542,692
Intersegment revenues:
North America franchising	$	1,052	$	1,053
North America commissaries	51,817		58,507
All others	16,835		19,379
Total intersegment revenues	$	69,704	$	78,939
Operating income:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants (a)	$	6,650	$	1,989
North America franchising	33,400		32,137
North America commissaries	10,730		9,334
International (b)	7,232		4,455
All others	3,157		3,719
Unallocated corporate expenses (c)	(23,366)		(37,111)
Elimination of intersegment (profits) losses	(7)		(88)
Total operating income	$	37,796	$	14,435
(In thousands)	As of March 26, 2023
Property and equipment, net:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants	$	242,755
North America commissaries	152,411
International	17,118
All others	135,467
Unallocated corporate assets	257,368
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(551,975)
Total property and equipment, net	$	253,144

___________________________________

(a)    The three months ended March 27, 2022 includes a one-time, non-cash charge of $8.4 million associated with the refranchising of the Company’s ownership interest in a 90-restaurant joint venture, recorded as Refranchising and impairment loss. See “Note 10. Divestitures” for additional information.

(b)    The three months ended March 27, 2022 includes $3.5 million of one-time, non-cash reserves for certain accounts receivable and impairments of reacquired franchise rights. See “Notes 2. Significant Accounting Policies” and “10. Divestitures” for additional information.

(c)    The three months ended March 26, 2023 includes $1.4 million of severance and related costs associated with the transition of certain executives. For the three months ended March 27, 2022, Unallocated corporate expenses includes $13.9 million of one-time, non-cash reserves of certain notes receivable and $5.0 million for certain legal settlements. See “Notes 2. Significant Accounting Policies” and “9. Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies” for additional information.

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Disaggregation of Revenue

In the following tables, revenues are disaggregated by major product/service line. The tables also include a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues by the reportable segment (in thousands):

	Reportable Segments
	Three Months Ended March 26, 2023
Major Products/Services Lines	Domestic Company-owned restaurants		North America franchising		North America commissaries		International		All others		Total
Company-owned restaurant sales	$	179,866	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	179,866
Franchise royalties and fees	—		37,124		—		12,491		—		49,615
Commissary sales	—		—		264,383		18,972		—		283,355
Other revenues	—		—		—		7,241		76,676		83,917
Eliminations	—		(1,052)		(51,817)		—		(16,835)		(69,704)
Total segment revenues	179,866		36,072		212,566		38,704		59,841		527,049
International other revenues (a)	—		—		—		(7,241)		7,241		—
Total revenues	$	179,866	$	36,072	$	212,566	$	31,463	$	67,082	$	527,049
	Reportable Segments
	Three Months Ended March 27, 2022
Major Products/Services Lines	Domestic Company-owned restaurants		North America franchising		North America commissaries		International		All others		Total
Company-owned restaurant sales	$	198,765	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	198,765
Franchise royalties and fees	—		35,321		—		13,435		—		48,756
Commissary sales	—		—		268,186		21,182		—		289,368
Other revenues	—		—		—		8,090		76,652		84,742
Eliminations	—		(1,053)		(58,507)		—		(19,379)		(78,939)
Total segment revenues	198,765		34,268		209,679		42,707		57,273		542,692
International other revenues (a)	—		—		—		(8,090)		8,090		—
Total revenues	$	198,765	$	34,268	$	209,679	$	34,617	$	65,363	$	542,692

___________________________________

(a)    Other revenues as reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations include $7.2 million and $8.1 million of revenues for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively, that are part of the international reporting segment. These amounts include marketing fund contributions and sublease rental income from international franchisees in the United Kingdom that provide no significant contribution to operating income but must be reported on a gross basis under accounting requirements. The related expenses for these Other revenues are reported in Other expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Papa John’s International, Inc. (referred to as the “Company,” “Papa John’s,” “Papa Johns” or in the first-person notations of “we,” “us” and “our”) operates and franchises pizza delivery and carryout restaurants and, in certain international markets, dine-in and delivery restaurants under the trademark “Papa John’s.” Papa John’s began operations in 1984. As of March 26, 2023, there were 5,733 Papa John’s restaurants in operation, consisting of 520 Company-owned and 5,213 franchised restaurants operating in 48 countries and territories. Our revenues are derived from retail sales of pizza and other food and beverage products to the general public by Company-owned restaurants, franchise royalties, and sales of franchise and development rights. Additionally, we derive revenues from sales to franchisees of various items including food and paper products from our Domestic Quality Control Centers (“QC Centers”), operation of our International QC Center in the (United Kingdom (“UK”), contributions received by Papa John’s Marketing Fund (“PJMF”) which is our national marketing fund, printing and promotional items and information systems equipment, and software and related services. We believe that in addition to supporting both Company and franchised profitability and growth, these activities contribute to product quality and consistency throughout the Papa John’s system.

In discussions of our business, “Domestic” is defined as within the contiguous United States, “North America” includes Canada, and “International” includes the rest of the world other than North America.

Recent Developments and Trends

The Company has focused on executing strategic priorities and building a foundation for long-term success, while navigating a challenging macroeconomic environment. Our progress and significant transactions during the first quarter of 2023 are described below.

Growth Strategy. The Company delivered its fifteenth consecutive quarter of Global system-wide restaurant sales growth and continues to expand both domestically and internationally. This growth will be fueled by continued product innovation and our development strategy.

Our expanding development pipeline is a key long-term growth driver as we believe there is significant opportunity to offer our differentiated, premium position to more customers globally and domestically. In the first quarter of 2023, we opened 27 net new restaurants, for global unit growth of 0.5%. We expect this growth to accelerate in 2023 with global development to be between 270 to 310 net new units. Our view of our long-term unit opportunity, both domestically and internationally, continues to expand as we sign significant deals to develop within key areas. In April 2023, we announced our future expansion into India through a development agreement to open 650 new restaurants in India by 2033. In 2022, we announced that we expect 1,400 to 1,800 net new Papa Johns restaurants worldwide from 2022 through the end of 2025. We plan to continue focusing on our strategic innovative products and restaurant development across our platforms to drive sustainable growth this year and beyond.

Operational Initiatives. We launched the “Back to BETTER” initiative in late 2022, which focuses on improving operational execution at the store level in order to drive better financial performance. We have aligned the organization on improving out the door times, overall customer satisfaction, increasing orders and optimization. Running BETTER operations is intended to increase customer and employee satisfaction, as well as drive customer loyalty. We are seeing improvement in our restaurant level operating margins, and we experienced a 3.4% increase in comparable sales for Domestic Company-owned restaurants in the first quarter of 2023. We expect this initiative to continue throughout 2023.

Global Market Conditions. Macroeconomic conditions in the UK, the largest region in our International segment, continue to present challenges in light of ongoing inflation and rising interest rates. Against this backdrop, the Company and franchisees have experienced declines in sales and profitability in the UK market. While uncertain how long these conditions will last, the Company is committed to its presence in the UK and is invested in the Company’s long-term success in this region. As we navigate this challenging economic environment, we are investing in capabilities to improve our operations and are working to reposition the franchise base to further strengthen our UK business. In addition to the targeted marketing support announced in February, we continue to innovate and implement capabilities and strategies from the US for the UK market. Also, as our franchise base is repositioned in a way that ensures our franchisees and this market are aligned to drive long-term growth, strategic store closures and refranchising will likely occur.

Share Repurchases. As part of our long-term growth and capital allocation strategy, we are committed to investing in share repurchases to provide ongoing value and enhanced returns to our shareholders. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company repurchased 2.5 million shares of common stock for $209.6 million pursuant to its share repurchase program.

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Included in these repurchases were approximately 2.2 million shares repurchased from certain funds affiliated with, or managed by, Starboard Value LP (collectively, “Starboard”) on March 1, 2023, at $82.52 per share, for a total aggregate consideration of $179.6 million. The transaction was negotiated by an independent committee of the Board of Directors formed for the purpose of evaluating a possible transaction involving Starboard, and was approved by the full Board upon such independent committee’s recommendation. Starboard’s Chief Executive Officer is Jeffrey Smith, who previously served as the Company’s Chairman of the Board until his resignation on March 1, 2023.

The repurchase was funded with cash on hand and funds drawn under the Company’s PJI Revolving Facility. Following the repurchases, the Company has $90.2 million available under its existing share repurchase authorization as of March 26, 2023.

Global Restaurant Sales and Unit Information

“Comparable sales” represents sales for the same base of restaurants for the same fiscal periods. “Comparable sales growth (decline)” represents the change in year-over-year comparable sales. “Global system-wide restaurant sales” represents total restaurant sales for all Company-owned and franchised restaurants open during the comparable periods, and “Global system-wide restaurant sales growth (decline)” represents the change in global system-wide restaurant sales year-over-year. Comparable sales, Comparable sales growth (decline), Global system-wide restaurant sales and Global system-wide sales growth (decline) exclude franchisees for which we suspended corporate support.

“Equivalent units” represents the number of restaurants open at the beginning of a given period, adjusted for restaurants opened, closed, acquired or sold during the period on a weighted average basis.

We believe Domestic Company-owned, North America franchised, and International Comparable sales growth (decline) and Global system-wide restaurant sales information is useful in analyzing our results since our franchisees pay royalties and marketing fund contributions that are based on a percentage of franchise sales. Comparable sales and Global system-wide restaurant sales results for restaurants operating outside of the United States are reported on a constant dollar basis, which excludes the impact of foreign currency translation. Franchise sales also generate commissary revenue in the United States and in certain international markets. Comparable sales growth (decline) and Global system-wide restaurant sales information is also useful for comparison to industry trends and evaluating the strength of our brand. Management believes the presentation of Global system-wide restaurant sales growth, excluding the impact of foreign currency, provides investors with useful information regarding underlying sales trends and the impact of new unit growth without being impacted by swings in the external factor of foreign currency. Franchise restaurant sales are not included in the Company’s revenues.

	Three Months Ended
Amounts below exclude the impact of foreign currency	March 26, 2023	March 27, 2022
Comparable sales growth (decline):
Domestic Company-owned restaurants	3.4%	(1.2)%
North America franchised restaurants	(0.8)%	2.8%
North America restaurants	—%	1.9%
International restaurants	(5.8)%	0.8%
Total comparable sales growth (decline)	(1.3)%	1.6%
System-wide restaurant sales growth (decline):
Domestic Company-owned restaurants	4.9%	0.8%
North America franchised restaurants	0.8%	4.0%
North America restaurants	1.6%	3.3%
International restaurants (a)	3.3%	11.6%
Total global system-wide restaurant sales growth (decline)	2.0%	5.3%

_______________________________

(a)The three months ended March 26, 2023 excludes the impact of franchisee suspended restaurants

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Restaurant Progression	Three Months Ended
	March 26, 2023	March 27, 2022
North America Company-owned:
Beginning of period	522	600
Opened	—	7
Closed	(2)	—
Acquired	—	1
End of period	520	608
North America franchised:
Beginning of period	2,854	2,739
Opened	16	15
Closed	(6)	(7)
Sold	—	(1)
End of period	2,864	2,746
International franchised:
Beginning of period	2,330	2,311
Opened	43	55
Closed	(24)	(8)
Suspended (a)	—	(188)
End of period	2,349	2,170
Total restaurants – end of period	5,733	5,524
Trailing four quarters net store growth (b)	209	244

___________________________________

(a)As previously disclosed, the Company has suspended corporate support for all franchised restaurants located in Russia. These suspended restaurants are excluded from net unit growth calculations.

(b)Excludes suspended restaurants.

Results of Operations

Revenues

The following table sets forth the various components of Revenues from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022		Increase (Decrease)
Revenues:
Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales	$	179,866	$	198,765	(9.5)	%
North America franchise royalties and fees	36,072		34,268		5.3	%
North America commissary revenues	212,566		209,679		1.4	%
International revenues	31,463		34,617		(9.1)	%
Other revenues	67,082		65,363		2.6	%
Total revenues	$	527,049	$	542,692	(2.9)	%

For the three months ended March 26, 2023, the discussion of changes in revenues below for Domestic Company-owned restaurants and North America franchised restaurants include explanations of the impact to the comparable results of the

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refranchising of 90 restaurants during the second quarter of 2022 (the “2022 refranchising”). See “Note 10. Divestitures” of the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.

Total revenues decreased $15.6 million or 2.9% to $527.0 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Excluding the impact of the 2022 refranchising, total revenues increased $2.2 million, or 0.4%, for the three months ended March 26, 2023.

Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales decreased $18.9 million, or 9.5% for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to the prior year period. Excluding the impact of the 2022 refranchising, Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales increased $8.4 million, or 4.9%, for the three months ended March 26, 2023, primarily due to comparable sales of 3.4% and an increase in equivalent units of 1.2%.

North America franchise royalties and fees increased $1.8 million, or 5.3% for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to prior year period. Excluding the impact of the 2022 refranchising, North America franchise royalties and fees increased $0.4 million, or 1.3%, for the three months ended March 26, 2023, primarily due to an increase in equivalent units of 1.4%, partially offset by negative comparable sales of 0.8%.

North America franchise restaurant sales, excluding the impact of the 2022 refranchising, increased 0.6% to $771.4 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to the prior year period. North America franchise restaurant sales are not included in Company revenues; however, our North America franchise royalties are derived from these sales.

North America commissary revenues increased $2.9 million, or 1.4% for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to the prior year period. Excluding the impact of the 2022 refranchising, North America commissary decreased $5.2 million primarily due to lower volumes, partially offset by increased prices in line with rising commodity prices driven by inflation.

International revenues decreased $3.2 million, or 9.1% for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to the prior year period, primarily due to lower UK royalties and commissary revenues. The overall declines in our International revenue performance were largely attributable to lower comparable sales of 5.8% for the three months ended March 26, 2023, related to inflationary pressures in the UK market.

International franchise restaurant sales decreased to $293.5 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to $321.7 million for the prior year period. Excluding the impact of previously disclosed suspended restaurants and foreign currency fluctuations, International franchise restaurant sales increased 3.3% for the three months ended March 26, 2023. International franchise restaurant sales are not included in Company revenues; however, our international royalty revenue is derived from these sales.

Other revenues, which primarily includes our national marketing funds, online and mobile ordering business and our wholly-owned print and promotions subsidiary, increased $1.7 million, or 2.6%, for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to the prior year period primarily due to higher revenues from our technology services from point of sale hardware sales and higher equivalent units.

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Costs and Expenses

The following table sets forth the various components of Costs and expenses from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, expressed as a percentage of the associated revenue component.

(Dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended
	March 26, 2023		% of Related Revenues		March 27, 2022		% of Related Revenues		Increase (Decrease) in % of Revenues
Costs and expenses:
Operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below):
Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses	$	147,784	82.2	%	$	161,661	81.3	%	0.9	%
North America commissary expenses	196,415		92.4	%	197,090		94.0	%	(1.6)	%
International expenses	17,311		55.0	%	19,914		57.5	%	(2.5)	%
Other expenses	61,078		91.0	%	60,555		92.6	%	(1.6)	%
General and administrative expenses	51,944		9.9	%	65,937		12.1	%	(2.2)	%
Depreciation and amortization	14,721		2.8	%	11,940		2.2	%	0.6	%
Total costs and expenses	489,253		92.8	%	517,097		95.3	%	(2.5)	%
Refranchising and impairment loss	—		—	%	(11,160)		(2.1)	%	2.1	%
Operating income	$	37,796	7.2	%	$	14,435	2.7	%	4.5	%

Total costs and expenses were $489.3 million or 92.8% of total revenues for the three months ended March 26, 2023 , as compared to $517.1 million, or 95.3% of total revenues for the prior year period. The decrease in total costs and expenses, as a percentage of revenues, was primarily due to the following:

Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses were $147.8 million or 82.2% of related revenues for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to expenses of $161.7 million or 81.3% of related revenues for the prior year period. The expenses, as a percentage of revenues, increased 0.9% primarily due to increases in certain commodity, labor, and utility expenses.

North America commissary expenses were $196.4 million, or 92.4% of related revenues for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to $197.1 million or 94.0% of related revenues for the prior year period. The expenses, as a percentage of related revenues, decreased 1.6% primarily due to pricing adjustments stemming from higher commodity pricing driven by inflation, principally paper, dough and desserts.

International expenses were $17.3 million, or 55.0% of related revenues for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to $19.9 million, or 57.5% of related revenues for the prior year period. The expenses as a percentage of related revenues, decreased 2.5%, primarily due to pricing adjustments stemming from higher commodity pricing driven by inflation, principally paper, dough and desserts.

Other expenses were $61.1 million, or 91.0% of related revenues for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to $60.6 million, or 92.6% of related revenues for the prior year period. The expenses as a percentage of related revenues, decreased 1.6% primarily due to timing of expenditures on technology platform initiatives to further enhance our digital capabilities and the customer experience.

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General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses were $51.9 million, or 9.9% of revenues for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to $65.9 million, or 12.1% of revenues for the prior year periods. G&A expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Administrative expenses (a)	$	51,192	$	46,090
Legal settlement accruals (b)	—		5,000
Additional specific accounts receivable and notes receivable provisions (c)	—		14,636
Executive severance costs (d)	1,356		—
Other general expenses	752		211
General and administrative expenses	$	51,944	$	65,937

___________________________________

(a)For the three months ended March 26, 2023, Administrative expenses increased $5.1 million, primarily due to higher labor and incentive compensation costs.

(b)Represents expenses related to certain legal settlements. See “Note 9. Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies” to our “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.

(c)Represents a one-time, non-cash provision of $14.6 million on accounts receivable and notes receivable in connection with the conflict in Ukraine and related government actions in the first quarter of 2022.

(d)Represents severance and related costs associated with the transition of certain executives.

Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization expense was $14.7 million, or 2.8% of revenues for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to $11.9 million, or 2.2% of revenues, for the prior year period. The increase was primarily due to higher depreciation expense related to our investments in technology support initiatives.

Refranchising and Impairment Loss

There was no Refranchising and impairment loss during the three months ended March 26, 2023. Refranchising and impairment loss was $11.2 million for the three months ended March 27, 2022, consisting of an $8.4 million loss on the 2022 refranchising and an impairment loss of $2.8 million for reacquired franchise rights due to the financial and operational impact of the conflict in Ukraine and government actions taken in response to that conflict. See “Note 10. Divestitures” of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information on these items.

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Operating Income by Segment

Operating income is summarized in the following table on a reporting segment basis. Adjusted operating income, a non-GAAP measure, is also presented below. See “Non-GAAP Measures” for a reconciliation to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure. We believe this non-GAAP measure is important for comparability purposes.

	Three Months Ended March 26, 2023						Three Months Ended March 27, 2022
(In thousands)	Reported		(a) Adjustments		Adjusted		Reported		(a) Adjustments		Adjusted		Reported Increase (Decrease)		Adjusted Increase (Decrease)
Domestic Company-owned restaurants	$	6,650	$	—	$	6,650	$	1,989	$	8,412	$	10,401	$	4,661	$	(3,751)
North America franchising	33,400		—		33,400		32,137		—		32,137		1,263		1,263
North America commissaries	10,730		—		10,730		9,334		—		9,334		1,396		1,396
International	7,232		—		7,232		4,455		3,515		7,970		2,777		(738)
All others	3,157		—		3,157		3,719		—		3,719		(562)		(562)
Unallocated corporate expenses	(23,366)		1,356		(22,010)		(37,111)		18,869		(18,242)		13,745		(3,768)
Elimination of intersegment (profits)	(7)		—		(7)		(88)		—		(88)		81		81
Total	$	37,796	$	1,356	$	39,152	$	14,435	$	30,796	$	45,231	$	23,361	$	(6,079)

___________________________________

(a)    See “Non-GAAP Measures” below for a detail of the adjustments in each period and for a reconciliation to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

Operating income was $37.8 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023 compared to $14.4 million for the prior year period, an increase of $23.4 million. Adjusted operating income was $39.2 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023 compared to $45.2 million for the prior year period, a decrease of $6.1 million. The decrease in adjusted operating income in 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily due to the following:

•Domestic Company-owned restaurants decreased $3.8 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023. Excluding the impact of the 2022 refranchising, Domestic Company-owned restaurants decreased $1.5 million, primarily due to increases in certain commodity, labor, and utility expenses, partially offset by higher revenues from comparable sales growth of 3.4% driven by strategic pricing actions.

•North America franchising increased $1.3 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023. Excluding the impact of the 2022 refranchising, North America franchising decreased $0.1 million. The decrease was primarily due to a 0.8% decrease in comparable sales, partially offset by an increase in equivalent units of 1.2%.

•North America commissaries increased $1.4 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023. Excluding the impact of the 2022 refranchising, North America commissaries increased $1.1 million primarily due to price increases in line with inflation and lower delivery costs, partially offset by lower volumes.

•International decreased $0.7 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023, primarily due to lower UK restaurant and commissary revenues and royalties attributed to lower comparable sales, which declined 5.8%, for the three months ended March 26, 2023.

•All Others, which primarily includes our online and mobile ordering business and our marketing funds, decreased $0.6 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023 compared to the prior year period, primarily due to higher depreciation expense related to our investments in technology support initiatives.

•Unallocated corporate expenses increased $3.8 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023. The increase is primarily due to higher labor and incentive compensation costs and higher deprecation expense related to our investments in technology support initiatives.

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Items Below Operating Income

The following table sets forth the various items below Operating income from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022		Increase (Decrease)
Operating income	$	37,796	$	14,435	$	23,361
Net interest expense	(9,021)		(4,264)		(4,757)
Income before income taxes	28,775		10,171		18,604
Income tax expense (benefit)	6,229		(1,256)		7,485
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests	22,546		11,427		11,119
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(170)		(933)		763
Net income attributable to the Company	$	22,376	$	10,494	$	11,882
Calculation of net income for earnings per share:
Net income attributable to the Company	$	22,376	$	10,494	$	11,882
Dividends paid to participating securities	—		(60)		60
Net income attributable to participating securities	—		—		—
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	22,376	$	10,434	$	11,942
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.66	$	0.29	$	0.37
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.65	$	0.29	$	0.36

Net Interest Expense

Net interest expense increased $4.8 million, or 111.6% for the three months ended March 26, 2023 due to an increase in the LIBOR rate as well as higher average outstanding debt on the PJI Revolving Facility that was primarily utilized to finance share repurchases. Total debt outstanding was $813.1 million and $605.0 million as of March 26, 2023 and December 25, 2022, respectively.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Our effective income tax rate was 21.6% for three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to a benefit of 12.3% for the prior year period. The prior year benefit of 12.3% was caused by higher excess tax benefits generated by stock option exercises and vesting of restricted shares along with a lower pre-tax income.

	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 26, 2023			March 27, 2022
Income before income taxes	$	28,775		$	10,171
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	6,229		$	(1,256)
Effective tax rate	21.6		%	(12.3)		%

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests was $0.2 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared with $0.9 million for the prior year period. The decrease was due to the refranchising of our 51% ownership interest in a 90-restaurant consolidated joint venture in Texas on March 28, 2022.

Diluted Earnings Per Common Share

Diluted earnings per common share was $0.65 for the three months ended March 26, 2023 compared to $0.29 for the prior year period, representing an increase of $0.36. Adjusted diluted earnings per common share, a non-GAAP measure, was $0.68 for the three months ended March 26, 2023, compared to adjusted diluted earnings per common share of $0.95 for the prior year period, representing a decrease of $0.27. See “Non-GAAP Measures” for additional information.

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Non-GAAP Measures

In addition to the results provided in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we provide certain non-GAAP measures, which present results on an adjusted basis. These are supplemental measures of performance that are not required by or presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP and include the following: adjusted operating income, adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders and adjusted diluted earnings per common share. We believe that our non-GAAP financial measures enable investors to assess the operating performance of our business relative to our performance based on U.S. GAAP results and relative to other companies. We believe that the disclosure of these non-GAAP measures is useful to investors as they reflect metrics that our management team and Board utilize to evaluate our operating performance, allocate resources and administer employee incentive plans. The most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures to adjusted operating income, adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders and adjusted diluted earnings per common share are operating income, net income attributable to common shareholders and diluted earnings per common share, respectively. These non-GAAP measures should not be construed as a substitute for or a better indicator of the Company’s performance than the Company’s U.S. GAAP results. The table below reconciles our GAAP financial results to our non-GAAP financial measures.

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Operating income	$	37,796	$	14,435
Refranchising and impairment losses (a)	—		25,796
Legal settlement (b)	—		5,000
Other costs (c)	1,356		—
Adjusted operating income	$	39,152	$	45,231
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	22,376	$	10,434
Refranchising and impairment losses (a)	—		25,796
Legal settlement (b)	—		5,000
Other costs (c)	1,356		—
Tax effect of adjustments (d)	(309)		(6,929)
Adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders (e)	$	23,423	$	34,301
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.65	$	0.29
Refranchising and impairment losses (a)	—		0.71
Legal settlement (b)	—		0.14
Other costs (c)	0.04		—
Tax effect of adjustments (d)	(0.01)		(0.19)
Adjusted diluted earnings per common share (e)	$	0.68	$	0.95

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___________________________________

(a)Refranchising and impairment losses consisted of the following pre-tax adjustments:

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)		March 27, 2022
Refranchising impairment loss (1)		$	8,412
Ukraine-related charge (2)		17,384
Total adjustment		$	25,796

(1)    Represents a one-time, non-cash charge of $8.4 million ($0.23 loss per diluted share) recorded in the first quarter of 2022 associated with the refranchising of the Company’s controlling interest in the 90-restaurant joint venture, recorded as Refranchising and impairment loss.

(2)    Represents a one-time non-cash charge of $17.4 million ($0.48 loss per diluted share) recorded in the first quarter of 2022 related to the reserve of certain loans and impairment of reacquired franchised rights related to the conflict in Ukraine and subsequent international government actions and sanctions, which were recorded as Refranchising and impairment loss of $2.8 million and General and administrative expenses of $14.6 million.

(b)Represents an accrual of a certain legal settlement, recorded in General and administrative expenses. See “Note 9. Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies” for further information.

(c)Represents severance and related costs associated with the transition of certain executives.

(d)The tax effect on non-GAAP adjustments was calculated by applying the marginal tax rates of 22.8% and 22.5% for the three-month periods ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively.

(e)Amounts shown exclude the impact of allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities.

In addition, we present free cash flow in this report, which is a non-GAAP measure. Please see “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Free Cash Flow” for a discussion of why we believe free cash flow provides useful information regarding our financial condition and results of operations, and a reconciliation of free cash flow to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash flows from operations and borrowings under our credit facility. Our principal uses of cash are operating expenses, capital expenditures, and returning value to our shareholders in the form of cash dividends and share repurchases. Our capital priorities are:

•investing for growth

•maintaining a strong balance sheet, and

•returning capital to shareholders

The Company believes that its balances of cash and cash equivalents and borrowing capacity, along with cash generated by operations, will be sufficient to satisfy its cash requirements, cash dividends, interest payments and share repurchases over the next twelve months and beyond.

Cash Flows

The table below summarizes our cash flows from continuing operations for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Total cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	40,788	$	25,394
Investing activities	(18,275)		(8,315)
Financing activities	(23,212)		(6,787)
Change in cash and cash equivalents, excluding the effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	$	(699)	$	10,292

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Operating Activities

Total cash provided by operating activities was $40.8 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023 compared to $25.4 million for the corresponding period of 2022. The increase of $15.4 million primarily reflects favorable working capital changes, principally related to increases in accrued expenses and other current liabilities as well as lower inventory and accounts receivable balances primarily due to lower volumes.

Investing Activities

Total cash used in investing activities was $18.3 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023 compared to $8.3 million for the same period in 2022, or an increase of $10.0 million. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to an increase in capital expenditures.

Our capital expenditures consisted primarily of capital investments for existing stores, new store locations and capital expenditures for strategic initiatives. We estimate that our capital expenditures during 2023 will be approximately $80 million to $90 million. This estimate includes the acquisition of sites and construction costs for new Company-owned stores that have opened or that we expect to open during 2023. We intend to fund our capital expenditures with cash generated by operations and borrowings under our PJI Revolving Facility, as necessary.

Financing Activities

Total cash used in financing activities was $23.2 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023 compared to $6.8 million for the same period of 2022, an increase of $16.4 million. In 2023, cash used for financing activities includes outflows of $209.6 million in share repurchases, and $14.6 million of common stock dividends paid, partially offset by net borrowings of $208.2 million from the PJI Revolving Facility. In 2022, cash used for financing activities includes outflows of $32.7 million in share repurchases, and $12.6 million of common dividends paid partially offset by net borrowings of $47.0 million from the PJI Revolving Facility.

Debt

Our outstanding debt as of March 26, 2023 was $813.1 million, which was comprised of $400.0 million of our 3.875% senior notes (the “Notes”) and $413.1 million outstanding under the PJI Revolving Facility and PJMF Revolving Facility. Remaining availability under the PJI Revolving Facility was approximately $195.0 million as of March 26, 2023.

Our Credit Agreement, dated September 14, 2021, contains affirmative and negative covenants that, among other things, require customary reporting obligations and restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens, the consummation of certain mergers, consolidations, sales of assets and similar transactions, the making of investments, equity distributions and other restricted payments, and transactions with affiliates. The Company is also subject to certain financial covenants, as shown in the following table, that could restrict or impose constraints on the liquidity of our business:

	Permitted Ratio	Actual Ratio as of March 26, 2023
Leverage ratio	Not to exceed 5.25 to 1.0	3.5 to 1.0
Interest coverage ratio	Not less than 2.00 to 1.0	3.8 to 1.0

Our leverage ratio is defined as outstanding debt divided by Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the most recent four fiscal quarters. Our interest coverage ratio is defined as the sum of Consolidated EBITDA and consolidated rental expense for the most recent four fiscal quarters divided by the sum of consolidated interest expense and consolidated rental expense for the most recent four fiscal quarters. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of March 26, 2023.

In addition, the Indenture governing the Notes contains customary covenants that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, limit our ability and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness and guarantee indebtedness; pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem our capital stock; prepay, redeem or repurchase certain debt; issue certain preferred stock or similar equity securities; make loans and investments; sell assets; incur liens; enter into transactions with affiliates; enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends; and consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets.

30

The PJMF Revolving Facility consists of a $20.0 million revolving line of credit pursuant to a Revolving Loan Agreement, dated September 30, 2015 with U.S. Bank National Association, as lender. Debt outstanding under the PJMF Revolving Facility was approximately $8.2 million as of March 26, 2023. The PJMF operating results and the related debt outstanding do not impact the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement.

See “Note 8. Debt” of our “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.

Share Repurchases

As part of our long-term growth and capital allocation strategy, we are committed to investing in share repurchases to provide ongoing value and enhanced returns to our shareholders. On October 28, 2021, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program with an indefinite duration for up to $425.0 million of the Company’s common stock.

The following table summarizes our repurchase activity under these programs for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022:

(In thousands, except average price per share)	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Aggregate Cost of Shares Purchased (a)		Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Three Months Ended
March 26, 2023	2,523	$	83.10	$	209,640	$	90,160
March 27, 2022	301	$	108.76	$	32,709	$	392,091

(a)    The shares repurchased during the three months ended March 26, 2023 included 2,176,928 shares repurchased on March 1, 2023 from Starboard at a price of $82.52 per share for aggregate consideration of $179.6 million.

The Company utilizes a written trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, from time to time to facilitate the repurchase of shares of our common stock under this share repurchase program. There can be no assurance that we will repurchase shares of our common stock either through a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or otherwise.

Dividends

The Company paid aggregate dividends to common stockholders of $14.6 million ($0.42 per share) and $12.6 million ($0.35 per share) for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively. On April 25, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a second quarter dividend of $0.42 per common share (approximately $13.8 million in the aggregate), which will be paid on May 26, 2023 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 15, 2023. The declaration and payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors.

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow, a non-GAAP measure, is defined as net cash provided by operating activities (from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows) less the purchases of property and equipment. We view free cash flow as an important financial measure because it is one factor that management uses in determining the amount of cash available for discretionary investment. Free cash flow is not a term defined by GAAP, and as a result, our measure of free cash flow might not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Free cash flow should not be construed as a substitute for or a better indicator of the Company’s performance than the Company’s GAAP measures.

The Company’s free cash flow was as follows for the three month periods of 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	40,788	$	25,394
Purchases of property and equipment	(18,410)		(10,233)
Free cash flow	$	22,378	$	15,161

31

Cash Requirements

There have been no material changes in our cash requirements other than in the ordinary course of business since the end of 2022. Refer to “Contractual Obligations” presented within “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2022 for additional information regarding our cash requirements.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain matters discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other Company communications that are not statements of historical fact constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Generally, the use of words such as “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “will,” “forecast,” “outlook”, “plan,” “project,” or similar words identify forward-looking statements that we intend to be included within the safe harbor protections provided by the federal securities laws. Such forward-looking statements include or may relate to projections or guidance concerning business performance, revenue, earnings, cash flow, earnings per share, share repurchases, the current economic environment, commodity and labor costs, currency fluctuations, profit margins, net unit growth, unit level performance, capital expenditures, restaurant and franchise development, labor shortages, labor cost increases, inflation, royalty relief, franchisee support, the effectiveness of our menu innovations and other business initiatives, investments in product and digital innovation, marketing efforts and investments, liquidity, compliance with debt covenants, impairments, strategic decisions and actions, dividends, effective tax rates, regulatory changes and impacts, adoption of new accounting standards, and other financial and operational measures. Such statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those matters expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. The risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are involved in our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

•the ability of the Company to manage challenging macroeconomic conditions in the United States and internationally, including the United Kingdom;

•the ability of the Company to manage staffing and labor shortages at Company and/or franchised restaurants and our quality control centers;

•increases in labor costs, food costs or sustained higher other operating costs, including as a result of supply chain disruption, inflation or climate change;

•the potential for delayed new store openings, both domestically and internationally;

•the increased risk of phishing, ransomware and other cyber-attacks;

•risks to the global economy and our business related to the conflict in Ukraine and other international conflicts;

•increased costs for branding initiatives and launching new advertising and marketing campaigns and promotions to boost consumer sentiment and sales trends, and the risk that such initiatives will not be effective;

•risks related to a possible economic recession or downturn that could, among other things, reduce consumer spending or demand and result in changing consumer practices;

•risks related to social media, including publicity adversely and rapidly impacting our brand and reputation;

•aggressive changes in pricing or other marketing or promotional strategies by competitors, which may adversely affect sales and profitability; and new product and concept developments by food industry competitors;

•changes in consumer preferences or consumer buying habits, including the growing popularity of delivery aggregators, as well as changes in general economic conditions or other factors that may affect consumer confidence and discretionary spending, including higher unemployment;

•the adverse impact on the Company or our results caused by global health concerns, product recalls, food quality or safety issues, incidences of foodborne illness, food contamination and other general public health concerns about our Company-owned or franchised restaurants or others in the restaurant industry;

•the effectiveness of our technology investments and changes in unit-level operations;

•the ability of the Company and its franchisees to meet planned growth targets and operate new and existing restaurants profitably, including difficulties finding qualified franchisees, store level employees or suitable sites;

•increases in insurance claims and related costs for programs funded by the Company up to certain retention limits, including medical, owned and non-owned vehicles, workers’ compensation, general liability and property;

•disruption of our supply chain or commissary operations which could be caused by our sole source of supply of mozzarella cheese, desserts, garlic cups or limited source of suppliers for other key ingredients or more generally due to weather, natural disasters including drought, disease, or geopolitical or other disruptions beyond our control, including the coronavirus pandemic;

•increased risks associated with our International operations, including economic and political conditions and risks associated with the withdrawal of the UK from the European Union, instability or uncertainty in our international

32

markets, especially emerging markets, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, difficulty in meeting planned sales targets and new store growth;

•the impact of current or future claims and litigation and our ability to comply with current, proposed or future legislation that could impact our business including compliance with the European Union General Data Protection Regulation;

•risks related to our indebtedness, including increased interest rates, and the current state of the credit markets;

•the Company’s ability to continue to pay dividends to stockholders based upon profitability, cash flows and capital adequacy if restaurant sales and operating results decline;

•disruption of critical business or information technology systems, or those of our suppliers, and risks associated with systems failures and data privacy and security breaches, including theft of confidential Company, employee and customer information, including payment cards; and

•changes in Federal or state income, general and other tax laws, rules and regulations and changes in generally accepted accounting principles.

These and other risk factors are discussed in detail in “Part I. Item 1A. – Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2022, and they may be updated from time to time in our future reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of future events, new information or otherwise, except as required by law.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes on our PJI Revolving Facility. We attempt to minimize interest rate risk exposure by fixing our interest rate through the utilization of interest rate swaps, which are derivative financial instruments. Our swaps are entered into with financial institutions that participate in the PJI Revolving Facility. By using a derivative instrument to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates, we expose ourselves to credit risk due to the possible failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. We do not enter into contracts for trading purposes and do not use leveraged instruments. The market risks associated with our debt obligations as of March 26, 2023 have not changed from those reported in “Part II. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2022. See “Note 8. Debt” of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information on our debt obligations and derivative instruments.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations from our operations outside of the United States, which can adversely impact our revenues, net income and cash flows. Our International operations principally consist of distribution sales to franchised Papa John’s restaurants located in the UK and our franchise sales and support activities, which derive revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and the collection of royalties from our International franchisees. Approximately 6.0% and 6.4% of our revenues were derived from these operations for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively.

We have not historically hedged our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations had an unfavorable impact of approximately $2.9 million on International revenues for the three months ended March 26, 2023, and an unfavorable impact of $1.2 million for the three months ended March 27, 2022. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations had an unfavorable impact of approximately $0.6 million on operating income for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively.

Commodity Price Risk

In the ordinary course of business, the food and paper products we purchase, including cheese (our largest ingredient cost), are subject to seasonal fluctuations, weather, availability, demand and other factors that are beyond our control. We have pricing agreements with some of our vendors, including forward pricing agreements for a portion of our cheese purchases for our Domestic Company-owned restaurants, which are accounted for as normal purchases; however, we remain exposed to ongoing commodity volatility.

33

The following table presents the actual average block price for cheese by quarter through the first quarter of 2023 and the projected average block price by quarter for 2023 (based on the April 27, 2023 Chicago Mercantile Exchange cheese futures market prices):

	2023			2022
	Projected Block Price			Actual Block Price
Quarter 1	$	1.960		$	1.966
Quarter 2	1.844			2.296
Quarter 3	1.980			1.938
Quarter 4	2.026			2.066
Full Year	$	1.953	(a)	$	2.067

___________________________________

(a) The full year estimate is based on futures prices and does not include the impact of forward pricing agreements we have for a portion of our cheese purchases for our domestic Company-owned restaurants. Additionally, the price charged to restaurants can vary somewhat by quarter from the actual block price based upon our monthly pricing mechanism.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including its chief executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based upon this evaluation, the chief executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the most recently completed fiscal quarter, there was no change made in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings consisting of intellectual property, employment, consumer, commercial and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 450, “Contingencies”, the Company has made accruals with respect to these matters, where appropriate, which are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. We review these provisions at least quarterly and adjust these provisions to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. The legal proceedings described in “Note 9. Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies” of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” within “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” of this Form 10-Q are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2022.

34

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Share Repurchase Program

On October 28, 2021, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program with an indefinite duration for up to $425.0 million of the Company’s common stock. Funding for the share repurchase program was provided through our operating cash flows and our $600.0 million PJI Revolving Facility.

The following table summarizes our repurchase activity by fiscal period during the three months ended March 26, 2023 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

Fiscal Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
12/26/2022 - 1/22/2023	147	$	82.63	147	$	287,637
1/23/2023 - 2/19/2023	182	$	89.22	182	$	271,419
2/20/2022 - 3/26/2023	2,194	$	82.62	2,194	$	90,160
Total	2,523	$	83.10	2,523	$	90,160

The Company utilizes a written trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, from time to time to facilitate the repurchase of shares of our common stock under this share repurchase program. There can be no assurance that we will repurchase shares of our common stock either through a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or otherwise.

Repurchases of Stock for Tax Withholdings

During the fiscal quarter ended March 26, 2023, the Company acquired approximately 72,000 shares of its common stock from employees to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations that arose upon (i) vesting of restricted stock granted pursuant to approved plans and (ii) distribution of shares of common stock issued pursuant to deferred compensation obligations.

35

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description
10.1	Share Repurchase Agreement by and among Papa John’s International Inc. and the sellers listed on the schedule of sellers attached thereto. Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K as filed on March 2, 2023 is incorporated herein by reference.
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101	Financial statements from the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Papa John’s International, Inc. for the quarter ended March 26, 2023, filed on May 4, 2023, formatted in iXBRL: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

36

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	PAPA JOHN’S INTERNATIONAL, INC.
	(Registrant)
Date: May 4, 2023	/s/ Chris Collins
	Chris Collins
	Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

37

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

SECTION 302

CERTIFICATION

I, Robert Lynch, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Papa John’s International, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 4, 2023	/s/ Robert Lynch
	Robert Lynch
	President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

SECTION 302

CERTIFICATION

I, Chris Collins, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Papa John’s International, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 4, 2023	/s/ Chris Collins
	Chris Collins
	Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

SECTION 906

CERTIFICATION

I, Robert Lynch, President and Chief Executive Officer of Papa John’s International, Inc. (the “Company”), certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:

1.The Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarterly period ended March 26, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m); and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 4, 2023	/s/ Robert Lynch
	Robert Lynch
	President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

SECTION 906

CERTIFICATION

I, Chris Collins, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of Papa John’s International, Inc. (the “Company”), certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:

1.The Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarterly period ended March 26, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m); and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 4, 2023	/s/ Chris Collins
	Chris Collins
	Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023	Apr. 27, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 26, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	0-21660
Entity Registrant Name	PAPA JOHN’S INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	61-1203323
Entity Address, Address Line One	2002 Papa John’s Boulevard
Entity Address, City or Town	Louisville
Entity Address, State or Province	KY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	40299-2367
City Area Code	502
Local Phone Number	261-7272
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	PZZA
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		32,656,059
Entity Central Index Key	0000901491
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 26, 2023	Dec. 25, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 46,708	$ 47,373
Accounts receivable, net	99,997	102,533
Notes receivable, current portion	7,207	6,848
Income tax receivable	5,957	8,780
Inventories	37,112	41,382
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	49,917	44,123
Total current assets	246,898	251,039
Property and equipment, net	253,144	249,793
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net	27,847	24,941
Operating lease right-of-use assets	170,148	172,425
Notes receivable, less current portion, net	21,242	21,248
Goodwill	70,788	70,616
Deferred income taxes	553	1,920
Other assets	74,241	72,245
Total assets	864,861	864,227
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	68,622	62,316
Income and other taxes payable	8,180	8,766
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	134,988	142,535
Current deferred revenue	20,508	21,272
Current finance lease liabilities	7,473	6,850
Current operating lease liabilities	24,959	23,418
Current portion of long-term debt	8,200	0
Total current liabilities	272,930	265,157
Deferred revenue	21,733	23,204
Long-term finance lease liabilities	21,392	19,022
Long-term operating lease liabilities	157,211	160,905
Long-term debt, less current portion, net	797,362	597,069
Deferred income taxes	1,112	0
Other long-term liabilities	67,183	68,317
Total liabilities	1,338,923	1,133,674
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	1,263	1,217
Stockholders’ deficit:
Common stock ($0.01 par value per share; issued 49,207 at March 26, 2023 and 49,138 at December 25, 2022)	492	491
Additional paid-in capital	443,686	449,829
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(8,766)	(10,135)
Retained earnings	203,569	195,856
Treasury stock (16,851 shares at March 26, 2023 and 14,402 shares at December 25, 2022, at cost)	(1,130,136)	(922,434)
Total stockholders’ deficit	(491,155)	(286,393)
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries	15,830	15,729
Total Stockholders’ deficit	(475,325)	(270,664)
Total Liabilities, Redeemable noncontrolling interests and Stockholders’ deficit	$ 864,861	$ 864,227

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	Mar. 26, 2023	Dec. 25, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, issued (in shares)	49,207	49,138
Treasury stock (in shares)	16,851	14,402

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023	Mar. 27, 2022
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 527,049	$ 542,692
Costs and expenses:
General and administrative expenses	51,944	65,937
Depreciation and amortization	14,721	11,940
Total costs and expenses	489,253	517,097
Refranchising and impairment loss	0	(11,160)
Operating income	37,796	14,435
Net interest expense	(9,021)	(4,264)
Income before income taxes	28,775	10,171
Income tax expense (benefit)	6,229	(1,256)
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests	22,546	11,427
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(170)	(933)
Net income attributable to the Company	22,376	10,494
Calculation of net income for earnings per share:
Net income attributable to the Company	22,376	10,494
Dividends paid to participating securities	0	(60)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$ 22,376	$ 10,434
Basic earnings (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.66	$ 0.29
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.65	$ 0.29
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	34,155	35,927
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	34,324	36,236
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.42	$ 0.35
Domestic Company-owned restaurants
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 179,866	$ 198,765
Costs and expenses:
Operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below):	147,784	161,661
North America franchising
Revenues:
Total revenues	36,072	34,268
North America commissaries
Revenues:
Total revenues	212,566	209,679
Costs and expenses:
Operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below):	196,415	197,090
International
Revenues:
Total revenues	31,463	34,617
Costs and expenses:
Operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below):	17,311	19,914
Other
Revenues:
Total revenues	67,082	65,363
Costs and expenses:
Operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below):	$ 61,078	$ 60,555

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 26, 2023	Mar. 27, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests		$ 22,546	$ 11,427
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		1,442	(861)
Interest rate swaps	[1]	336	1,712
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax		1,778	851
Income tax effect:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(332)	198
Interest rate swaps	[2]	(77)	(394)
Income tax effect		(409)	(196)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		1,369	655
Comprehensive income before attribution to noncontrolling interests		23,915	12,082
Less: comprehensive income, redeemable noncontrolling interests		(46)	(510)
Less: comprehensive income, nonredeemable noncontrolling interests		(124)	(423)
Comprehensive income attributable to the Company		$ 23,745	$ 11,149

[1] Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into net interest (expense) income include $(207) and $535 for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively.

[2] The income tax effects of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss were $47 and $(120) for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023	Mar. 27, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ (6,229)	$ 1,256
Interest Rate Swap | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Accumulated Gain (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Including Noncontrolling Interest
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
Income tax expense (benefit)	47	(120)
Interest Rate Swap | Interest Expense | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(Loss) Gain reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income	$ (207)	$ 535

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (2)		Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock (3)		Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiaries
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 26, 2021			35,797
Beginning balance at Dec. 26, 2021		$ (172,458)	$ 490	$ 445,126	$ (9,971)	[1]	$ 183,157	$ (806,472)		$ 15,212
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	[2]	10,917					10,494			423
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		655			655	[1]
Dividends on common stock		(12,480)		47			(12,527)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			17
Exercise of stock options		$ 741		741
Acquisition of Company common stock (in shares)		(301)	(301)
Acquisition of Company common stock		$ (32,709)						(32,709)
Stock-based compensation expense		4,176	$ 1	4,175
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)			228
Issuance of restricted stock		0		(6,369)				6,369
Tax effect of restricted stock awards (in shares)			(69)
Tax effect of restricted stock awards		(7,461)		(7,461)
Other (in shares)			3
Other		175		(34)			0	209
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 27, 2022			35,675
Ending balance at Mar. 27, 2022		$ (208,444)	$ 491	436,225	(9,316)	[1]	181,124	(832,603)		15,635
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 25, 2022		34,700	34,736
Beginning balance at Dec. 25, 2022		$ (270,664)	$ 491	449,829	(10,135)	[3]	195,856	(922,434)	[4]	15,729
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	[5]	22,500					22,376			124
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		1,369			1,369	[3]
Dividends on common stock		(14,663)					(14,663)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			15
Exercise of stock options		$ 614		614
Acquisition of Company common stock (in shares)		(2,523)	(2,523)
Acquisition of Company common stock		$ (212,444)						(212,444)	[4]
Stock-based compensation expense		3,898	$ 1	3,897
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)			197
Issuance of restricted stock		0		(4,609)				4,609	[4]
Tax effect of restricted stock awards (in shares)			(72)
Tax effect of restricted stock awards		(5,999)		(5,999)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		(23)								(23)
Other (in shares)			3
Other		$ 87		(46)				133	[4]
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 26, 2023		32,400	32,356
Ending balance at Mar. 26, 2023		$ (475,325)	$ 492	$ 443,686	$ (8,766)	[3]	$ 203,569	$ (1,130,136)	[4]	$ 15,830

[1] At March 27, 2022, the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $9,316 was comprised of net unrealized foreign currency translation loss of $5,533 and net unrealized loss on the interest rate swap agreements of $3,783.

[2] Net income to the Company for the three months ended March 27, 2022 excludes $510 allocable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests for our joint venture arrangements.

[3] At March 26, 2023, the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $8,766 was comprised of net unrealized foreign currency translation loss of $7,586 and net unrealized loss on the interest rate swap agreements of $1,180.

[4] Acquisition of Company common stock for the three months ended March 26, 2023 includes $2,804 of transaction costs directly attributable to share repurchases, including a 1% excise tax incurred under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.

[5] Net income to the Company for the three months ended March 26, 2023 excludes $46 allocable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests for our joint venture arrangements.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023		Mar. 27, 2022
Stockholders' deficit	$ 475,325		$ 208,444
Transaction costs	2,804
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Stockholders' deficit	8,766	[1]	9,316	[2]
Net unrealized foreign currency translation loss
Stockholders' deficit	7,586		5,533
Net unrealized loss on interest rate swap agreements
Stockholders' deficit	1,180		3,783
Corporate Joint Venture
Net income allocable to the redeemable noncontrolling interest for joint venture arrangements	$ 46		$ 510

[1] At March 26, 2023, the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $8,766 was comprised of net unrealized foreign currency translation loss of $7,586 and net unrealized loss on the interest rate swap agreements of $1,180.

[2] At March 27, 2022, the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $9,316 was comprised of net unrealized foreign currency translation loss of $5,533 and net unrealized loss on the interest rate swap agreements of $3,783.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023	Mar. 27, 2022
Operating activities
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests	$ 22,546	$ 11,427
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for allowance for credit losses on accounts and notes receivable	513	15,167
Depreciation and amortization	14,721	11,940
Refranchising and impairment loss	0	11,160
Deferred income taxes	2,031	(1,817)
Stock-based compensation expense	3,898	4,176
Other	496	(2,135)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	2,182	(2,503)
Income tax receivable	2,822	(1,151)
Inventories	4,330	(4,731)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(4,351)	77
Other assets and liabilities	71	(654)
Accounts payable	(310)	7,359
Income and other taxes payable	(512)	8,013
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(5,413)	(29,469)
Deferred revenue	(2,236)	(1,465)
Net cash provided by operating activities	40,788	25,394
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(18,410)	(10,233)
Notes issued	(976)	(272)
Repayments of notes issued	1,069	3,432
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	0	(1,250)
Other	42	8
Net cash used in investing activities	(18,275)	(8,315)
Financing activities
Net proceeds of revolving credit facilities	208,200	47,000
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	614	741
Acquisition of Company common stock	(209,640)	(32,709)
Dividends paid to common stockholders	(14,603)	(12,608)
Tax payments for equity award issuances	(5,999)	(7,461)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(23)	(685)
Other	(1,761)	(1,065)
Net cash used in financing activities	(23,212)	(6,787)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	34	(233)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(665)	10,059
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	47,373	70,610
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 46,708	$ 80,669

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Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP” or “U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 26, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for Papa John’s International, Inc. (referred to as the “Company,” “Papa John’s,” “Papa Johns” or in the first-person notations of “we,” “us” and “our”) for the year ended December 25, 2022.

In discussions of our business, “Domestic” is defined as within the contiguous United States, “North America” includes Canada, and “International” includes the rest of the world other than North America.

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Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Papa John’s International, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Variable Interest Entity

Papa John’s domestic restaurants, both Company-owned and franchised, participate in Papa John’s Marketing Fund, Inc. (“PJMF”), a nonstock corporation designed to operate at break-even as it spends all annual contributions received from the system. PJMF collects a percentage of revenues from Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States and Canada for the purpose of designing and administering advertising and promotional programs. PJMF is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) that funds its operations with ongoing financial support and contributions from the North America restaurants, of which approximately 85 percent are franchised, and does not have sufficient equity to fund its operations without these ongoing financial contributions. Based on an assessment of the governance structure and operating procedures of PJMF, the Company determined it has the power to control certain significant activities of PJMF, and therefore, is the primary beneficiary. The Company has consolidated PJMF in its financial results in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, “Consolidation.”

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant items that are subject to such estimates and assumptions include the allowance for credit losses on accounts and notes receivable, intangible assets, contract assets and contract liabilities including the customer loyalty program obligation, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, unredeemed gift card liabilities, insurance reserves and tax reserves. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could significantly differ from these estimates.

Noncontrolling Interests

Papa John’s has joint venture arrangements in which there are noncontrolling interests held by third parties that included 98 and 188 restaurants at March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively. As further described in “Note 10. Divestitures” we divested our 51 percent interest in one joint venture in Texas that owned 90 restaurants in the second quarter of 2022. Consolidated net income is required to be reported separately at amounts attributable to both the Company and the noncontrolling interests. Additionally, disclosures are required to clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the Company and the interests of the noncontrolling owners, including a disclosure on the face of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations of net income attributable to noncontrolling interests.

Net income attributable to these joint ventures for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Papa John’s International, Inc.	$	397	$	1,621
Noncontrolling interests	170		933
Total net income	$	567	$	2,554

The following summarizes the redemption feature, location and related accounting within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for these joint venture arrangements:

Type of Joint Venture Arrangement	Location within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	Recorded Value
Joint ventures with no redemption feature	Permanent equity	Carrying value
Joint ventures with option to require the Company to purchase the noncontrolling interest - not currently redeemable or redemption not probable	Temporary equity	Carrying value

Deferred Income Tax Accounts and Tax Reserves

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and several foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and the related assets and liabilities. The provision for income taxes includes income taxes paid, currently payable or receivable and those deferred. We use an estimated annual effective rate based on expected annual income to determine our quarterly provision for income taxes. The effective income tax rate includes the estimated domestic state effective income tax rate and applicable foreign income tax rates. The effective income tax rate is also impacted by various permanent items and credits, net of any related valuation allowances, and can vary based on changes in estimated annual income. Discrete items are recorded in the quarter in which they occur.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are netted by tax jurisdiction. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for the estimated future effects of tax attribute carryforwards (e.g., net operating losses, capital losses, and foreign tax credits). The effect on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates is recognized in the period in which the new tax rate is enacted. Valuation allowances are established when necessary on a jurisdictional basis to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts we expect to realize.

Tax authorities periodically audit the Company. We record reserves and related interest and penalties for identified exposures as income tax expense. We evaluate these issues on a quarterly basis to adjust for events, such as statute of limitations expirations, court rulings or audit settlements, which may impact our ultimate payment for such exposures.

Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

The Company determines the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability to a market participant. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are required to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

•Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to estimate fair value; accordingly, the fair values presented do not necessarily indicate what the Company or its debtholders could realize in a current market exchange.

Our financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 26, 2023 and December 25, 2022 are as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
March 26, 2023
Financial assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (a)	$	30,337	$	30,337	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps (b)	$	274	$	—	$	274	$	—
December 25, 2022
Financial assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (a)	$	30,120	$	30,120	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps (b)	$	986	$	—	$	986	$	—

___________________________________

(a)Represents life insurance policies held in our non-qualified deferred compensation plan.

(b)The fair value of our interest rate swaps is based on the sum of all future net present value cash flows. The future cash flows are derived based on the terms of our interest rate swaps, as well as considering published discount factors, and projected London Interbank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”).

The fair value of certain assets and liabilities approximates carrying value because of the short-term nature of the accounts, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net of allowances, and accounts payable. The carrying value of notes receivable, net of allowances, also approximates fair value. The Company’s revolving credit facilities under the Company’s credit agreement approximate carrying value due to their variable market-based interest rate. The Company’s 3.875% senior notes are classified as a Level 2 fair value measurement since the Company estimates the fair value by using recent trading transactions, and have the following estimated fair values and carrying values (excluding the impact of unamortized debt issuance costs) as of March 26, 2023 and December 25, 2022:

	March 26, 2023				December 25, 2022
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
3.875% Senior Notes	$	400,000	$	342,000	$	400,000	$	339,500

Allowance for Credit Losses

Estimates of expected credit losses, even if remote, are based upon historical account write-off trends, facts about the current financial condition of the debtor, forecasts of future operating results based upon current trends of select operating metrics, and macroeconomic factors. Credit quality is monitored through the timing of payments compared to the prescribed payment terms and known facts regarding the financial condition of the franchisee or customer. Account and note balances are charged off against the allowance after recovery efforts have ceased.

The following table summarizes changes in our allowances for credit losses for accounts receivable and notes receivable:

(In thousands)	Accounts Receivable		Notes Receivable
Balance at December 25, 2022	$	6,718	$	14,499
Current period provision for expected credit losses	609		24
Write-offs charged against the allowance	(228)		—
Recoveries collected	(84)		(36)
Balance at March 26, 2023	$	7,015	$	14,487

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Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

3. Leases

Lessor Operating Leases

The Company subleases certain retail space to our franchisees in the United Kingdom (“UK”), which are primarily operating leases. At March 26, 2023, we leased and subleased 446 Papa Johns restaurants to franchisees in the UK. The initial lease terms on the franchised sites in the UK are generally 15 years. The Company has the option to negotiate an extension toward the end of the lease term at the landlord’s discretion. The initial lease terms of the franchisee subleases are generally five to ten years. Rental income, primarily derived from properties leased and subleased to franchisees in the UK, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective operating lease terms. The Company recognized total sublease income of $2.9 million and $3.0 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively, within Other revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Lease Guarantees

As a result of assigning our interest in obligations under property leases as a condition of the refranchising of certain restaurants, we are contingently liable for payment of 52 domestic leases. These leases have varying terms, the latest of which expires in 2036. As of March 26, 2023, the estimated maximum amount of undiscounted payments the Company could be required to make in the event of nonpayment by the primary lessees was $8.7 million. This contingent liability is not included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as it is not probable to occur. The fair value of the guarantee is not material.

Supplemental Cash Flow & Other Information

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods reported is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	309	$	262
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	1,743	$	1,241
Operating cash flows from operating leases (a)	$	9,178	$	9,612
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	4,764	$	569
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	4,721	$	20,801
Cash received from sublease income	$	2,532	$	3,092

___________________________________

(a)    Included within the change in Other assets and liabilities within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows offset by non-cash operating lease right-of-use asset amortization and lease liability accretion.

Leases

3. Leases

Lessor Operating Leases

The Company subleases certain retail space to our franchisees in the United Kingdom (“UK”), which are primarily operating leases. At March 26, 2023, we leased and subleased 446 Papa Johns restaurants to franchisees in the UK. The initial lease terms on the franchised sites in the UK are generally 15 years. The Company has the option to negotiate an extension toward the end of the lease term at the landlord’s discretion. The initial lease terms of the franchisee subleases are generally five to ten years. Rental income, primarily derived from properties leased and subleased to franchisees in the UK, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective operating lease terms. The Company recognized total sublease income of $2.9 million and $3.0 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively, within Other revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Lease Guarantees

As a result of assigning our interest in obligations under property leases as a condition of the refranchising of certain restaurants, we are contingently liable for payment of 52 domestic leases. These leases have varying terms, the latest of which expires in 2036. As of March 26, 2023, the estimated maximum amount of undiscounted payments the Company could be required to make in the event of nonpayment by the primary lessees was $8.7 million. This contingent liability is not included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as it is not probable to occur. The fair value of the guarantee is not material.

Supplemental Cash Flow & Other Information

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods reported is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	309	$	262
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	1,743	$	1,241
Operating cash flows from operating leases (a)	$	9,178	$	9,612
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	4,764	$	569
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	4,721	$	20,801
Cash received from sublease income	$	2,532	$	3,092

___________________________________

(a)    Included within the change in Other assets and liabilities within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows offset by non-cash operating lease right-of-use asset amortization and lease liability accretion.

Leases

3. Leases

Lessor Operating Leases

The Company subleases certain retail space to our franchisees in the United Kingdom (“UK”), which are primarily operating leases. At March 26, 2023, we leased and subleased 446 Papa Johns restaurants to franchisees in the UK. The initial lease terms on the franchised sites in the UK are generally 15 years. The Company has the option to negotiate an extension toward the end of the lease term at the landlord’s discretion. The initial lease terms of the franchisee subleases are generally five to ten years. Rental income, primarily derived from properties leased and subleased to franchisees in the UK, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective operating lease terms. The Company recognized total sublease income of $2.9 million and $3.0 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively, within Other revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Lease Guarantees

As a result of assigning our interest in obligations under property leases as a condition of the refranchising of certain restaurants, we are contingently liable for payment of 52 domestic leases. These leases have varying terms, the latest of which expires in 2036. As of March 26, 2023, the estimated maximum amount of undiscounted payments the Company could be required to make in the event of nonpayment by the primary lessees was $8.7 million. This contingent liability is not included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as it is not probable to occur. The fair value of the guarantee is not material.

Supplemental Cash Flow & Other Information

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods reported is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	309	$	262
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	1,743	$	1,241
Operating cash flows from operating leases (a)	$	9,178	$	9,612
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	4,764	$	569
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	4,721	$	20,801
Cash received from sublease income	$	2,532	$	3,092

___________________________________

(a)    Included within the change in Other assets and liabilities within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows offset by non-cash operating lease right-of-use asset amortization and lease liability accretion.

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Papa John's Marketing Fund, Inc.

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Papa John's Marketing Fund, Inc.

4. Papa John’s Marketing Fund, Inc.

PJMF, which is a consolidated VIE where the Company has been identified as the primary beneficiary, collects a percentage of revenues from Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States, for the purpose of designing and administering advertising and promotional programs for all participating Domestic restaurants. Contributions and expenditures are reported on a gross basis in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations within Other revenues and Other expenses. PJMF also has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Papa Card, Inc., which administers the Company’s gift card programs.

Assets and liabilities of PJMF, which are utilized solely for the Company’s advertising and promotional programs, were as follows in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

	March 26, 2023		December 25, 2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,076	$	17,174
Accounts receivable, net	14,254		14,780
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	7,638		1,815
Total current assets	37,968		33,769
Deferred income taxes	655		655
Total assets	$	38,623	$	34,424
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	13,589	$	12,428
Income and other taxes payable	13		8
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	13,911		17,928
Current portion of long-term debt	8,200		—
Current deferred revenue	4,381		4,395
Total current liabilities	40,094		34,759
Deferred revenue	1,800		2,503
Total liabilities	$	41,894	$	37,262

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Revenue Recognition

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

5. Revenue Recognition

Contract Balances

Our contract liabilities primarily relate to franchise fees, unredeemed gift card liabilities, and loyalty program obligations, which we classify as Deferred revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, the Company recognized $8.4 million and $9.3 million in revenue, respectively, related to deferred revenue.

The following table includes a breakout of contract liability balances (in thousands):

	Contract Liabilities
	March 26, 2023		December 25, 2022		Change
Franchise fees and unredeemed gift card liabilities	$	29,166	$	30,710	$	(1,544)
Customer loyalty program obligations	13,075		13,766		(691)
Total contract liabilities	$	42,241	$	44,476	$	(2,235)

Our contract assets consist primarily of equipment incentives provided to franchisees. Equipment incentives are related to the future value of commissary revenue the Company will receive over the term of the incentive agreement. As of March 26, 2023 and December 25, 2022, the contract assets were approximately $7.0 million and $6.2 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, revenue was reduced approximately $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively, for the amortization of contract assets over the applicable contract terms. Contract assets are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

The following table (in thousands) includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period.

	Performance Obligations by Period
	Less than 1 Year		1-2 Years		2-3 Years		3-4 Years		4-5 Years		Thereafter		Total
Franchise fees	$	3,052	$	2,884	$	2,702	$	2,439	$	2,165	$	6,485	$	19,727

At March 26, 2023, approximately $3.3 million of area development fees related to unopened stores and international unearned royalties are included in Deferred revenue. Timing of revenue recognition is dependent upon the timing of store openings and franchisees’ revenues. Gift card liabilities of approximately $6.2 million, included in Deferred revenue, will be recognized in Company-owned restaurant revenues when gift cards are redeemed. The Company will recognize redemption fee revenue in Other revenues when cards are redeemed at franchised restaurant locations.

The Company applies the practical expedient in ASC 606, “Revenue Recognition” and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less.

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Common Stock

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Common Stock

6. Common Stock

Shares Authorized and Outstanding

The Company has authorized 100.0 million shares of common stock as of March 26, 2023 and December 25, 2022. The Company’s outstanding shares of common stock outstanding, net of repurchased shares of common stock held as treasury stock, were 32.4 million shares at March 26, 2023, compared to 34.7 million shares at December 25, 2022.

Share Repurchase Program

On October 28, 2021, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved a share repurchase program with an indefinite duration for up to $425.0 million of the Company’s common stock. The following table summarizes our repurchase activity under our share repurchase programs for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022:

(In thousands, except average price per share)	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Aggregate Cost of Shares Purchased (a)		Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Three Months Ended
March 26, 2023	2,523	$	83.10	$	209,640	$	90,160
March 27, 2022	301	$	108.76	$	32,709	$	392,091

(a)    Aggregate cost of shares purchased for the three months ended March 26, 2023 excludes $2.8 million of transaction costs directly attributable to share repurchases, including a 1% excise tax incurred under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. These costs were classified as non-cash financing activities during the three months ended March 26, 2023.

The shares repurchased during the three months ended March 26, 2023 included 2,176,928 shares repurchased on March 1, 2023 from certain funds affiliated with, or managed by, Starboard Value LP (collectively, “Starboard”), at a price of $82.52 per share, for aggregate consideration of $179.6 million. The transaction was negotiated by an independent committee of the Board of Directors formed for the purpose of evaluating a possible transaction involving Starboard, and was approved by the full Board of Directors upon such independent committee’s recommendation. Starboard’s Chief Executive Officer is Jeffrey Smith, who previously served as the Company’s Chairman of the Board until his resignation on March 1, 2023.

The timing and volume of share repurchases under the Company’s share repurchase programs may be executed at the discretion of management on an opportunistic basis, subject to market and business conditions, regulatory requirements and other factors, or pursuant to trading plans or other arrangements. Repurchases under the programs may be made through open market, block, and privately negotiated transactions, including Rule 10b5-1 plans, at times and in such amounts as management deems appropriate. Repurchases under the Company’s share repurchase programs may be commenced or suspended from time to time at the Company’s discretion without prior notice. Funding for the share repurchase programs will be provided through our credit facility, operating cash flow, stock option exercises and cash and cash equivalents.

Dividends

The Company paid dividends of approximately $14.6 million ($0.42 per share) for the three months ended March 26, 2023. On April 25, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a first quarter dividend of $0.42 per common share (approximately $13.8 million in the aggregate), which will be paid on May 26, 2023 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 15, 2023. The declaration and payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board.

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Earnings per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Share

7. Earnings per Share

We compute earnings per share using the two-class method. The two-class method requires an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for common shareholders and participating security holders according to dividends declared and participating rights in undistributed earnings. Time-based restricted stock awards are participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights and participate in undistributed earnings with common stock. Under the two-class method, total dividends provided to the holders of participating securities and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities, are subtracted from net income attributable to the Company in determining net income attributable to common shareholders.

Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share are computed by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders by the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding. Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding consist of basic weighted average common shares outstanding plus weighted average awards outstanding under our equity compensation plans, which are dilutive securities.

The calculations of basic and diluted earnings per common share are as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended
	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Basic earnings per common share
Net income attributable to the Company	$	22,376	$	10,494
Dividends paid to participating securities	—		(60)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	22,376	$	10,434
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	34,155		35,927
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.66	$	0.29
Diluted earnings per common share
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	22,376	$	10,434
Weighted average common shares outstanding	34,155		35,927
Dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards (a)	169		309
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	34,324		36,236
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.65	$	0.29

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(a)    Excludes 22,000 and 21,000 equity awards for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively, as the effect of including such awards would have been anti-dilutive.

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

8. Debt

Long-term debt, net, consists of the following (in thousands):

	March 26, 2023		December 25, 2022
Senior notes	$	400,000	$	400,000
Revolving facilities (a)	413,133		205,000
Outstanding debt	$	813,133	$	605,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(7,571)		(7,931)
Current portion of long-term debt	(8,200)		—
Total long-term debt, net	$	797,362	$	597,069

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(a)    Revolving facilities as of March 26, 2023 includes $8.2 million outstanding under the PJMF Revolving Facility as defined and discussed below.

Senior Notes

On September 14, 2021, the Company issued $400.0 million of 3.875% senior notes (the “Notes”) which will mature on September 15, 2029. Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year at a fixed interest rate of 3.875% per annum.

The Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at any time on or after September 15, 2024 at established redemption prices ranging from 97 to 194 basis points depending on when the Notes are redeemed. At any time prior to September 15, 2024, the Company may also redeem up to 40% of the Notes with net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 103.875% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, excluding the redemption date. In addition, at any time prior to September 15, 2024, the Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest and an applicable “make-whole” premium. The Notes also contain customary redemption provisions related to asset sales and certain change of control transactions.

The Indenture governing the Notes contains customary events of default, including, among other things, payment default, failure to comply with covenants or agreements contained in the Indenture or the Notes and certain provisions related to bankruptcy events. The Indenture also contains customary negative covenants.

Credit Agreement

The Company’s amended and restated credit agreement, dated September 14, 2021 (the “Credit Agreement”) provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate available principal amount of $600.0 million (the “PJI Revolving Facility”), of which up to $40.0 million is available as swingline loans and up to $80.0 million is available as letters of credit. The PJI Revolving Facility will mature on September 14, 2026. The remaining availability under the PJI Revolving Facility was approximately $195.0 million as of March 26, 2023.

Up to $50.0 million of the PJI Revolving Facility may be advanced in certain agreed foreign currencies, including Euros, Pounds Sterling, Canadian Dollars, Japanese Yen, and Mexican Pesos. Additionally, the Credit Agreement includes an accordion feature allowing for a future increase of the PJI Revolving Facility and/or incremental term loans in an aggregate amount of up to $500.0 million, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from one or more new or existing lenders to provide such increased amounts and ongoing compliance with financial covenants.

Loans under the PJI Revolving Facility accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’s election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 2.00% or a base rate (generally determined according to the greater of a prime rate, federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or a LIBOR rate plus 1.00%) plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.00%. In each case, the actual margin is determined according to a ratio of the Company’s total indebtedness to an earnings calculation, Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in our credit agreement), for the then most recently ended four quarter period (the “Leverage Ratio”). An unused commitment fee ranging from 18 to 30 basis points per annum, determined according to the Leverage Ratio, applies to the underutilized commitments under the PJI Revolving Facility. Loans outstanding under the PJI Revolving Facility may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty, subject to customary breakage costs in the case of borrowings for which a LIBOR rate election is in effect. The Credit Agreement also contains

provisions specifying alternative interest rate calculations to be used at such time as LIBOR ceases to be available as a benchmark for establishing the interest rate on floating interest rate borrowings.

The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants that, among other things, require customary reporting obligations, and restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the occurrence of additional indebtedness and liens, the consummation of certain mergers, consolidations, sales of assets and similar transactions, the making of investments, equity distributions and other restricted payments, and transactions with affiliates. The Company is also subject to the following financial covenants: (1) a maximum Leverage Ratio of 5.25 to 1.00, subject to the Company’s election to increase the maximum Leverage Ratio by 0.50 to 1.00 in connection with material acquisitions if the Company satisfies certain requirements, and (2) a minimum interest coverage ratio defined as Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus consolidated rental expense to consolidated interest expense plus consolidated rental expense of 2.00 to 1.00. We were in compliance with these financial covenants at March 26, 2023.

Obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain direct and indirect material domestic subsidiaries of the Company (the “Guarantors”) and are secured by a security interest in substantially all of the capital stock and equity interests of the Company’s and the Guarantors’ Domestic and first tier material foreign subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement contains customary events of default including, among other things, payment defaults, breach of covenants, cross acceleration to material indebtedness, bankruptcy-related defaults, judgment defaults, and the occurrence of certain change of control events. The occurrence of an event of default may result in the termination of the PJI Revolving Facility, acceleration of repayment obligations and the exercise of remedies by the Lenders with respect to the Guarantors.

PJMF Revolving Facility

PJMF has a $20.0 million revolving line of credit (the “PJMF Revolving Facility”) pursuant to a Revolving Loan Agreement, dated September 30, 2015 with U.S. Bank National Association, as lender. The PJMF Revolving Facility is secured by substantially all assets of PJMF. The PJMF Revolving Facility matures on September 30, 2023, but is subject to annual amendments. The borrowings under the PJMF Revolving Facility accrue interest at a variable rate of a one month LIBOR plus 1.60%. The applicable interest rate on the PJMF Revolving facility was 5.9% for the three months ended March 26, 2023. As of March 26, 2023, the principal amount of debt outstanding under the PJMF Revolving Facility was approximately $8.2 million and is classified as Current portion of long-term debt in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The PJMF operating results and the related debt outstanding do not impact the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Derivative Financial Instruments

As of March 26, 2023, we have the following interest rate swap agreements with a total notional value of $125.0 million:

Effective Dates	Floating Rate Debt		Fixed Rates
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023	$	55 million	2.33%
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023	$	35 million	2.36%
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023	$	35 million	2.34%

In the third quarter of 2021, our interest rate swaps were de-designated as cash flow hedges following the issuance of the Notes and remained undesignated as hedges through June 26, 2022. For these de-designated hedges, the portion of gains or losses on the derivative instruments previously recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”) will be reclassified into earnings as adjustments to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the originally hedged transactions.

As of June 27, 2022, the interest rate swaps were re-designated as cash flow hedges to provide a hedge against changes in variable rate cash flows regarding fluctuations in the LIBOR rate utilized on the revolving credit facility. Therefore, beginning in the third quarter of 2022, our interest rate swaps are accounted for utilizing cash flow hedge accounting treatment. The interest rate swaps are marked to market at each reporting date and any unrealized gains or losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified to interest expense in the same period or periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings.

The following table provides information on the location and amounts of our swaps in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (in thousands):

	Interest Rate Swap Derivatives
Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value March 26, 2023		Fair Value December 25, 2022
Other current assets	$	274	$	986

The effect of derivative instruments on the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements is as follows (in thousands):

Derivatives - Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCL on Derivative		Location of (Loss) or Gain Reclassified from AOCL into Income	Amount of (Loss) or Gain Reclassified from AOCL into Income		Total Net Interest Expense on Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Interest rate swaps:
March 26, 2023	$	259	Interest Expense	$	(207)	$	(9,021)
March 27, 2022	$	1,318	Interest Expense	$	535	$	(4,264)

Interest paid, including payments made or received under the swaps, was $10.9 million and $10.1 million for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively.

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Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies

9. Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including those specifically identified below, consisting of intellectual property, employment, consumer, commercial and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with ASC 450, “Contingencies,” the Company has made accruals with respect to these matters, where appropriate, which are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. We review these provisions at least quarterly and adjust these provisions to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case.

Durling et al v. Papa John’s International, Inc., is a conditionally certified collective action filed in May 2016 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging that corporate restaurant delivery drivers were not properly reimbursed for vehicle mileage and expenses in accordance with the Fair Labor Standards Act. In July 2018, the District Court granted a motion to certify a conditional corporate collective class and the opt-in notice process has been completed. As of the close of the opt-in period on October 29, 2018, 9,571 drivers opted into the collective class. On September 30, 2022, the parties reached a settlement in principle to resolve the case. Pursuant to the terms of the proposed settlement, in exchange for the Company’s payment of a total aggregate settlement amount of no more than $20.0 million subject to a claims-made process, all claims in the action will be dismissed, the litigation will be terminated, and the Company will receive a release. The proposed settlement also includes resolution of a companion case, Hubbard, et al. v. Papa John’s International, Inc., pending in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. The proposed settlement is subject to a claims-made process whereby unclaimed funds revert to the Company, and the Company is only responsible for payments to class and collective action members who timely submit a claim form. Although the return rate for timely claims is unknown and not within the Company’s control, the Company estimates its actual exposure resulting from the settlement to be approximately $10.0 million. On December 19, 2022, the District Court granted preliminary approval of the proposed settlement; however, the settlement remains subject to final approval by the District Court and contains certain customary contingencies. On January 18, 2023, the Company remitted $5.0 million to the settlement administrator as partial funding of the settlement in accordance with the terms of the applicable settlement agreement. As of March 26, 2023, $5.0 million remains in Accrued expenses and other accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company continues to deny any liability or wrongdoing in this matter.

In re Papa John’s Employee & Franchise Employee Antitrust Litigation is a putative class action filed in December 2018 in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. The suit alleges that the “no-poaching” provision previously contained in the Company’s franchise agreement constituted an unlawful agreement or conspiracy in restraint of

trade and commerce in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act. On April 14, 2022, the parties reached a settlement in principle to resolve the case. Pursuant to the terms of the proposed settlement, in exchange for the Company’s payment of a total aggregate settlement amount of $5.0 million and other non-monetary consideration, all claims in the action will be dismissed, the litigation will be terminated, and the Company will receive a release. The settlement amount was recorded in General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 27, 2022 and remained accrued in Accrued expenses and other accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 26, 2023. The proposed settlement is subject to approval by the District Court and contains certain customary contingencies. The Company continues to deny any liability or wrongdoing in this matter.

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Divestitures

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Divestitures

10. Divestitures

Refranchising Loss

On March 28, 2022, we refranchised our 51% ownership interest in a 90-restaurant consolidated joint venture in Texas for $14.0 million, net of transaction costs. In connection with the divestiture, we recorded a one-time, non-cash charge of $8.4 million in Refranchising and impairment loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, which reflects net sale proceeds of $14.0 million, the noncontrolling interest of $4.2 million, and the recognition of an unearned royalty stream of $12.2 million to be recognized as revenue over the 10-year term of the franchise agreement executed concurrent with the disposition in accordance with ASC 810, “Consolidation.” The $8.4 million of the one-time, non-cash refranchising loss was recorded in the first quarter of 2022 and realized upon consummation of the sale in the second quarter.

Impairment of Reacquired Master Franchise Rights

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company recorded an impairment of $2.8 million in Refranchising and impairment loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for reacquired franchise rights due to the financial and operational impact of the conflict in Ukraine and government actions taken in response to that conflict, including, but not limited to, international sanctions. The reacquired franchise rights were previously acquired from a former master franchisee and capitalized by the Company.

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Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

11. Segment Information

We have four reportable segments: Domestic Company-owned restaurants, North America franchising, North America commissaries, and International operations. The Domestic Company-owned restaurant segment consists of the operations of all Domestic Company-owned restaurants and derives its revenues principally from retail sales of pizza, Papadias, which are flatbread-style sandwiches, and side items, including breadsticks, cheesesticks, chicken poppers and wings, dessert items and canned or bottled beverages. The North America franchising segment consists of our franchise sales and support activities and derives its revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and collection of royalties from our franchisees located in the United States and Canada. The North America commissary segment consists of the operations of our regional dough production and product distribution centers and derives its revenues principally from the sale and distribution of food and paper products to Domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States and Canada. The International segment principally consists of distribution sales to franchised Papa John’s restaurants located in the UK and our franchise sales and support activities, which derive revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and the collection of royalties from our International franchisees. All other business units that do not meet the quantitative thresholds for determining reportable segments, which are not operating segments, we refer to as “all other,” which consists of operations that derive revenues from the sale, principally to Company-owned and franchised restaurants, of printing and promotional items, franchise contributions to marketing funds and information systems and related services used in restaurant operations, including our point-of-sale system, online and other technology-based ordering platforms.

Generally, we evaluate performance and allocate resources based on operating income. Certain administrative and capital costs are allocated to segments based upon predetermined rates or estimated resource usage. We account for intercompany sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties and eliminate the activity in consolidation.

Our reportable segments are business units that provide different products or services. Separate management of each segment is required because each business unit is subject to different operational issues and strategies. No single external customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated revenues.

The following tables present our segment information.

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Revenues:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants	$	179,866	$	198,765
North America franchising	36,072		34,268
North America commissaries	212,566		209,679
International	38,704		42,707
All others	59,841		57,273
Total revenues	$	527,049	$	542,692
Intersegment revenues:
North America franchising	$	1,052	$	1,053
North America commissaries	51,817		58,507
All others	16,835		19,379
Total intersegment revenues	$	69,704	$	78,939
Operating income:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants (a)	$	6,650	$	1,989
North America franchising	33,400		32,137
North America commissaries	10,730		9,334
International (b)	7,232		4,455
All others	3,157		3,719
Unallocated corporate expenses (c)	(23,366)		(37,111)
Elimination of intersegment (profits) losses	(7)		(88)
Total operating income	$	37,796	$	14,435
(In thousands)	As of March 26, 2023
Property and equipment, net:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants	$	242,755
North America commissaries	152,411
International	17,118
All others	135,467
Unallocated corporate assets	257,368
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(551,975)
Total property and equipment, net	$	253,144

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(a)    The three months ended March 27, 2022 includes a one-time, non-cash charge of $8.4 million associated with the refranchising of the Company’s ownership interest in a 90-restaurant joint venture, recorded as Refranchising and impairment loss. See “Note 10. Divestitures” for additional information.

(b)    The three months ended March 27, 2022 includes $3.5 million of one-time, non-cash reserves for certain accounts receivable and impairments of reacquired franchise rights. See “Notes 2. Significant Accounting Policies” and “10. Divestitures” for additional information.

(c)    The three months ended March 26, 2023 includes $1.4 million of severance and related costs associated with the transition of certain executives. For the three months ended March 27, 2022, Unallocated corporate expenses includes $13.9 million of one-time, non-cash reserves of certain notes receivable and $5.0 million for certain legal settlements. See “Notes 2. Significant Accounting Policies” and “9. Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies” for additional information.

Disaggregation of Revenue

In the following tables, revenues are disaggregated by major product/service line. The tables also include a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues by the reportable segment (in thousands):

	Reportable Segments
	Three Months Ended March 26, 2023
Major Products/Services Lines	Domestic Company-owned restaurants		North America franchising		North America commissaries		International		All others		Total
Company-owned restaurant sales	$	179,866	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	179,866
Franchise royalties and fees	—		37,124		—		12,491		—		49,615
Commissary sales	—		—		264,383		18,972		—		283,355
Other revenues	—		—		—		7,241		76,676		83,917
Eliminations	—		(1,052)		(51,817)		—		(16,835)		(69,704)
Total segment revenues	179,866		36,072		212,566		38,704		59,841		527,049
International other revenues (a)	—		—		—		(7,241)		7,241		—
Total revenues	$	179,866	$	36,072	$	212,566	$	31,463	$	67,082	$	527,049
	Reportable Segments
	Three Months Ended March 27, 2022
Major Products/Services Lines	Domestic Company-owned restaurants		North America franchising		North America commissaries		International		All others		Total
Company-owned restaurant sales	$	198,765	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	198,765
Franchise royalties and fees	—		35,321		—		13,435		—		48,756
Commissary sales	—		—		268,186		21,182		—		289,368
Other revenues	—		—		—		8,090		76,652		84,742
Eliminations	—		(1,053)		(58,507)		—		(19,379)		(78,939)
Total segment revenues	198,765		34,268		209,679		42,707		57,273		542,692
International other revenues (a)	—		—		—		(8,090)		8,090		—
Total revenues	$	198,765	$	34,268	$	209,679	$	34,617	$	65,363	$	542,692

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(a)    Other revenues as reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations include $7.2 million and $8.1 million of revenues for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively, that are part of the international reporting segment. These amounts include marketing fund contributions and sublease rental income from international franchisees in the United Kingdom that provide no significant contribution to operating income but must be reported on a gross basis under accounting requirements. The related expenses for these Other revenues are reported in Other expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Papa John’s International, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Variable Interest Entity

Variable Interest Entity

Papa John’s domestic restaurants, both Company-owned and franchised, participate in Papa John’s Marketing Fund, Inc. (“PJMF”), a nonstock corporation designed to operate at break-even as it spends all annual contributions received from the system. PJMF collects a percentage of revenues from Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States and Canada for the purpose of designing and administering advertising and promotional programs. PJMF is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) that funds its operations with ongoing financial support and contributions from the North America restaurants, of which approximately 85 percent are franchised, and does not have sufficient equity to fund its operations without these ongoing financial contributions. Based on an assessment of the governance structure and operating procedures of PJMF, the Company determined it has the power to control certain significant activities of PJMF, and therefore, is the primary beneficiary. The Company has consolidated PJMF in its financial results in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, “Consolidation.”

Use of Estimates

Use of EstimatesThe preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant items that are subject to such estimates and assumptions include the allowance for credit losses on accounts and notes receivable, intangible assets, contract assets and contract liabilities including the customer loyalty program obligation, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, unredeemed gift card liabilities, insurance reserves and tax reserves. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could significantly differ from these estimates.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling InterestsPapa John’s has joint venture arrangements in which there are noncontrolling interests held by third parties that included 98 and 188 restaurants at March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively. As further described in “Note 10. Divestitures” we divested our 51 percent interest in one joint venture in Texas that owned 90 restaurants in the second quarter of 2022. Consolidated net income is required to be reported separately at amounts attributable to both the Company and the noncontrolling interests. Additionally, disclosures are required to clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the Company and the interests of the noncontrolling owners, including a disclosure on the face of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations of net income attributable to noncontrolling interests.

Deferred Income Tax Accounts and Tax Reserves

Deferred Income Tax Accounts and Tax Reserves

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and several foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and the related assets and liabilities. The provision for income taxes includes income taxes paid, currently payable or receivable and those deferred. We use an estimated annual effective rate based on expected annual income to determine our quarterly provision for income taxes. The effective income tax rate includes the estimated domestic state effective income tax rate and applicable foreign income tax rates. The effective income tax rate is also impacted by various permanent items and credits, net of any related valuation allowances, and can vary based on changes in estimated annual income. Discrete items are recorded in the quarter in which they occur.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are netted by tax jurisdiction. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for the estimated future effects of tax attribute carryforwards (e.g., net operating losses, capital losses, and foreign tax credits). The effect on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates is recognized in the period in which the new tax rate is enacted. Valuation allowances are established when necessary on a jurisdictional basis to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts we expect to realize.

Tax authorities periodically audit the Company. We record reserves and related interest and penalties for identified exposures as income tax expense. We evaluate these issues on a quarterly basis to adjust for events, such as statute of limitations expirations, court rulings or audit settlements, which may impact our ultimate payment for such exposures.

Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

The Company determines the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability to a market participant. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are required to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

•Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to estimate fair value; accordingly, the fair values presented do not necessarily indicate what the Company or its debtholders could realize in a current market exchange.

The fair value of certain assets and liabilities approximates carrying value because of the short-term nature of the accounts, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net of allowances, and accounts payable. The carrying value of notes receivable, net of allowances, also approximates fair value. The Company’s revolving credit facilities under the Company’s credit agreement approximate carrying value due to their variable market-based interest rate.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses Estimates of expected credit losses, even if remote, are based upon historical account write-off trends, facts about the current financial condition of the debtor, forecasts of future operating results based upon current trends of select operating metrics, and macroeconomic factors. Credit quality is monitored through the timing of payments compared to the prescribed payment terms and known facts regarding the financial condition of the franchisee or customer. Account and note balances are charged off against the allowance after recovery efforts have ceased.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of net income attributable to joint ventures

Net income attributable to these joint ventures for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Papa John’s International, Inc.	$	397	$	1,621
Noncontrolling interests	170		933
Total net income	$	567	$	2,554

Schedule of details for joint venture arrangements

The following summarizes the redemption feature, location and related accounting within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for these joint venture arrangements:

Type of Joint Venture Arrangement	Location within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	Recorded Value
Joint ventures with no redemption feature	Permanent equity	Carrying value
Joint ventures with option to require the Company to purchase the noncontrolling interest - not currently redeemable or redemption not probable	Temporary equity	Carrying value

Schedule of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

Our financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 26, 2023 and December 25, 2022 are as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
March 26, 2023
Financial assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (a)	$	30,337	$	30,337	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps (b)	$	274	$	—	$	274	$	—
December 25, 2022
Financial assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (a)	$	30,120	$	30,120	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps (b)	$	986	$	—	$	986	$	—

___________________________________

(a)Represents life insurance policies held in our non-qualified deferred compensation plan.

(b)The fair value of our interest rate swaps is based on the sum of all future net present value cash flows. The future cash flows are derived based on the terms of our interest rate swaps, as well as considering published discount factors, and projected London Interbank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”).

The Company’s 3.875% senior notes are classified as a Level 2 fair value measurement since the Company estimates the fair value by using recent trading transactions, and have the following estimated fair values and carrying values (excluding the impact of unamortized debt issuance costs) as of March 26, 2023 and December 25, 2022:

	March 26, 2023				December 25, 2022
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
3.875% Senior Notes	$	400,000	$	342,000	$	400,000	$	339,500

Schedule of changes of the allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable and notes receivable

The following table summarizes changes in our allowances for credit losses for accounts receivable and notes receivable:

(In thousands)	Accounts Receivable		Notes Receivable
Balance at December 25, 2022	$	6,718	$	14,499
Current period provision for expected credit losses	609		24
Write-offs charged against the allowance	(228)		—
Recoveries collected	(84)		(36)
Balance at March 26, 2023	$	7,015	$	14,487

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Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of supplemental cash flow information

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods reported is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	309	$	262
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	1,743	$	1,241
Operating cash flows from operating leases (a)	$	9,178	$	9,612
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	4,764	$	569
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	4,721	$	20,801
Cash received from sublease income	$	2,532	$	3,092

___________________________________

(a)    Included within the change in Other assets and liabilities within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows offset by non-cash operating lease right-of-use asset amortization and lease liability accretion.

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Papa John's Marketing Fund, Inc. (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of assets and liabilities of PJMF

Assets and liabilities of PJMF, which are utilized solely for the Company’s advertising and promotional programs, were as follows in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

	March 26, 2023		December 25, 2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,076	$	17,174
Accounts receivable, net	14,254		14,780
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	7,638		1,815
Total current assets	37,968		33,769
Deferred income taxes	655		655
Total assets	$	38,623	$	34,424
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	13,589	$	12,428
Income and other taxes payable	13		8
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	13,911		17,928
Current portion of long-term debt	8,200		—
Current deferred revenue	4,381		4,395
Total current liabilities	40,094		34,759
Deferred revenue	1,800		2,503
Total liabilities	$	41,894	$	37,262

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of contract liability balances

The following table includes a breakout of contract liability balances (in thousands):

	Contract Liabilities
	March 26, 2023		December 25, 2022		Change
Franchise fees and unredeemed gift card liabilities	$	29,166	$	30,710	$	(1,544)
Customer loyalty program obligations	13,075		13,766		(691)
Total contract liabilities	$	42,241	$	44,476	$	(2,235)

Schedule of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future

The following table (in thousands) includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period.

	Performance Obligations by Period
	Less than 1 Year		1-2 Years		2-3 Years		3-4 Years		4-5 Years		Thereafter		Total
Franchise fees	$	3,052	$	2,884	$	2,702	$	2,439	$	2,165	$	6,485	$	19,727

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Common Stock (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of repurchase activity

The following table summarizes our repurchase activity under our share repurchase programs for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022:

(In thousands, except average price per share)	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Aggregate Cost of Shares Purchased (a)		Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Three Months Ended
March 26, 2023	2,523	$	83.10	$	209,640	$	90,160
March 27, 2022	301	$	108.76	$	32,709	$	392,091

(a)    Aggregate cost of shares purchased for the three months ended March 26, 2023 excludes $2.8 million of transaction costs directly attributable to share repurchases, including a 1% excise tax incurred under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. These costs were classified as non-cash financing activities during the three months ended March 26, 2023.

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Earnings per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of basic and diluted earnings per common share

The calculations of basic and diluted earnings per common share are as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended
	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Basic earnings per common share
Net income attributable to the Company	$	22,376	$	10,494
Dividends paid to participating securities	—		(60)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	22,376	$	10,434
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	34,155		35,927
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.66	$	0.29
Diluted earnings per common share
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	22,376	$	10,434
Weighted average common shares outstanding	34,155		35,927
Dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards (a)	169		309
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	34,324		36,236
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.65	$	0.29

___________________________________

(a)    Excludes 22,000 and 21,000 equity awards for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively, as the effect of including such awards would have been anti-dilutive.

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of long-term debt, net

Long-term debt, net, consists of the following (in thousands):

	March 26, 2023		December 25, 2022
Senior notes	$	400,000	$	400,000
Revolving facilities (a)	413,133		205,000
Outstanding debt	$	813,133	$	605,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(7,571)		(7,931)
Current portion of long-term debt	(8,200)		—
Total long-term debt, net	$	797,362	$	597,069

___________________________________

(a)    Revolving facilities as of March 26, 2023 includes $8.2 million outstanding under the PJMF Revolving Facility as defined and discussed below.

Schedule of notional value of derivatives

As of March 26, 2023, we have the following interest rate swap agreements with a total notional value of $125.0 million:

Effective Dates	Floating Rate Debt		Fixed Rates
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023	$	55 million	2.33%
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023	$	35 million	2.36%
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023	$	35 million	2.34%

Schedule of location and amounts of derivatives in the financial statements

The following table provides information on the location and amounts of our swaps in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (in thousands):

	Interest Rate Swap Derivatives
Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value March 26, 2023		Fair Value December 25, 2022
Other current assets	$	274	$	986

Schedule of effect of derivatives on the financial statements

The effect of derivative instruments on the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements is as follows (in thousands):

Derivatives - Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCL on Derivative		Location of (Loss) or Gain Reclassified from AOCL into Income	Amount of (Loss) or Gain Reclassified from AOCL into Income		Total Net Interest Expense on Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Interest rate swaps:
March 26, 2023	$	259	Interest Expense	$	(207)	$	(9,021)
March 27, 2022	$	1,318	Interest Expense	$	535	$	(4,264)

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Segment Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 26, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of segment information

The following tables present our segment information.

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	March 26, 2023		March 27, 2022
Revenues:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants	$	179,866	$	198,765
North America franchising	36,072		34,268
North America commissaries	212,566		209,679
International	38,704		42,707
All others	59,841		57,273
Total revenues	$	527,049	$	542,692
Intersegment revenues:
North America franchising	$	1,052	$	1,053
North America commissaries	51,817		58,507
All others	16,835		19,379
Total intersegment revenues	$	69,704	$	78,939
Operating income:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants (a)	$	6,650	$	1,989
North America franchising	33,400		32,137
North America commissaries	10,730		9,334
International (b)	7,232		4,455
All others	3,157		3,719
Unallocated corporate expenses (c)	(23,366)		(37,111)
Elimination of intersegment (profits) losses	(7)		(88)
Total operating income	$	37,796	$	14,435
(In thousands)	As of March 26, 2023
Property and equipment, net:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants	$	242,755
North America commissaries	152,411
International	17,118
All others	135,467
Unallocated corporate assets	257,368
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(551,975)
Total property and equipment, net	$	253,144

___________________________________

(a)    The three months ended March 27, 2022 includes a one-time, non-cash charge of $8.4 million associated with the refranchising of the Company’s ownership interest in a 90-restaurant joint venture, recorded as Refranchising and impairment loss. See “Note 10. Divestitures” for additional information.

(b)    The three months ended March 27, 2022 includes $3.5 million of one-time, non-cash reserves for certain accounts receivable and impairments of reacquired franchise rights. See “Notes 2. Significant Accounting Policies” and “10. Divestitures” for additional information.

(c)    The three months ended March 26, 2023 includes $1.4 million of severance and related costs associated with the transition of certain executives. For the three months ended March 27, 2022, Unallocated corporate expenses includes $13.9 million of one-time, non-cash reserves of certain notes receivable and $5.0 million for certain legal settlements. See “Notes 2. Significant Accounting Policies” and “9. Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies” for additional information.

Schedule of revenue disaggregated by major product line

In the following tables, revenues are disaggregated by major product/service line. The tables also include a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues by the reportable segment (in thousands):

	Reportable Segments
	Three Months Ended March 26, 2023
Major Products/Services Lines	Domestic Company-owned restaurants		North America franchising		North America commissaries		International		All others		Total
Company-owned restaurant sales	$	179,866	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	179,866
Franchise royalties and fees	—		37,124		—		12,491		—		49,615
Commissary sales	—		—		264,383		18,972		—		283,355
Other revenues	—		—		—		7,241		76,676		83,917
Eliminations	—		(1,052)		(51,817)		—		(16,835)		(69,704)
Total segment revenues	179,866		36,072		212,566		38,704		59,841		527,049
International other revenues (a)	—		—		—		(7,241)		7,241		—
Total revenues	$	179,866	$	36,072	$	212,566	$	31,463	$	67,082	$	527,049
	Reportable Segments
	Three Months Ended March 27, 2022
Major Products/Services Lines	Domestic Company-owned restaurants		North America franchising		North America commissaries		International		All others		Total
Company-owned restaurant sales	$	198,765	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	198,765
Franchise royalties and fees	—		35,321		—		13,435		—		48,756
Commissary sales	—		—		268,186		21,182		—		289,368
Other revenues	—		—		—		8,090		76,652		84,742
Eliminations	—		(1,053)		(58,507)		—		(19,379)		(78,939)
Total segment revenues	198,765		34,268		209,679		42,707		57,273		542,692
International other revenues (a)	—		—		—		(8,090)		8,090		—
Total revenues	$	198,765	$	34,268	$	209,679	$	34,617	$	65,363	$	542,692

___________________________________

(a)    Other revenues as reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations include $7.2 million and $8.1 million of revenues for the three months ended March 26, 2023 and March 27, 2022, respectively, that are part of the international reporting segment. These amounts include marketing fund contributions and sublease rental income from international franchisees in the United Kingdom that provide no significant contribution to operating income but must be reported on a gross basis under accounting requirements. The related expenses for these Other revenues are reported in Other expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 28, 2022 entity restaurant	Mar. 27, 2022 restaurant	Mar. 26, 2023 restaurant
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of domestic restaurants franchised			85.00%
Number of joint ventures divested | entity	1
Corporate Joint Venture
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of restaurants		188	98
Corporate Joint Venture | Disposal group, disposed of by sale, not discontinued operations
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ownership percentage in divested joint venture	51.00%
Number of restaurants divested	90	90

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Significant Accounting Policies - Net Income Attributable to Joint Ventures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023	Mar. 27, 2022
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Noncontrolling interests	$ 170	$ 933
Net income attributable to the Company	22,376	10,494
Corporate Joint Venture
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Papa John’s International, Inc.	397	1,621
Noncontrolling interests	170	933
Net income attributable to the Company	$ 567	$ 2,554

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Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 26, 2023	Dec. 25, 2022
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 1
Financial assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	$ 30,337	$ 30,120
Interest rate swaps	0	0
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2
Financial assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	0	0
Interest rate swaps	274	986
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	0	0
Interest rate swaps	0	0
Carrying Value
Financial assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	30,337	30,120
Interest rate swaps	$ 274	$ 986

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Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value Disclosure (Details) - Senior notes - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 26, 2023	Dec. 25, 2022	Sep. 14, 2021
Fair Value Disclosure, Asset and Liability, Not Measured at Fair Value [Line Items]
Interest rate	3.875%	3.875%	3.875%
Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value Disclosure, Asset and Liability, Not Measured at Fair Value [Line Items]
3.875% Senior Notes	$ 342,000	$ 339,500
Carrying Value
Fair Value Disclosure, Asset and Liability, Not Measured at Fair Value [Line Items]
3.875% Senior Notes	$ 400,000	$ 400,000

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Significant Accounting Policies - Rollforward of the Allowance for Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Notes Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023	Mar. 27, 2022
Accounts Receivable
Current period provision for expected credit losses	$ 513	$ 15,167
Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable
Balance at beginning of period	6,718
Current period provision for expected credit losses	609
Write-offs charged against the allowance	(228)
Recoveries collected	(84)
Balance at end of period	7,015
Notes Receivable
Notes Receivable
Balance at beginning of period	14,499
Current period provision for expected credit losses	24
Write-offs charged against the allowance	0
Recoveries collected	(36)
Balance at end of period	$ 14,487

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Leases - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023 USD ($) restaurant lease	Mar. 27, 2022 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Sublease income	$ 2.9	$ 3.0
Number of domestic leases for which the Company is contingently liable | lease	52
Estimated maximum amount of undiscounted payments in the event of nonpayment by primary lessees	$ 8.7
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Initial term of franchise subleases	5 years
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Initial term of franchise subleases	10 years
United Kingdom franchise-owned restaurants
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Number of units leased and subleased | restaurant	446
Initial lease terms on franchised sites	15 years

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Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023	Mar. 27, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$ 309	$ 262
Financing cash flows from finance leases	1,743	1,241
Operating cash flows from operating leases	9,178	9,612
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	4,764	569
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	4,721	20,801
Cash received from sublease income	$ 2,532	$ 3,092

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Papa John's Marketing Fund, Inc. (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 26, 2023	Dec. 25, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 46,708	$ 47,373
Accounts receivable, net	99,997	102,533
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	49,917	44,123
Total current assets	246,898	251,039
Deferred income taxes	553	1,920
Total assets	864,861	864,227
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	68,622	62,316
Income and other taxes payable	8,180	8,766
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	134,988	142,535
Current portion of long-term debt	8,200	0
Current deferred revenue	20,508	21,272
Total current liabilities	272,930	265,157
Deferred revenue	21,733	23,204
Total liabilities	1,338,923	1,133,674
Papa John's Marketing Fund Inc.
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	16,076	17,174
Accounts receivable, net	14,254	14,780
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	7,638	1,815
Total current assets	37,968	33,769
Deferred income taxes	655	655
Total assets	38,623	34,424
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	13,589	12,428
Income and other taxes payable	13	8
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	13,911	17,928
Current portion of long-term debt	8,200	0
Current deferred revenue	4,381	4,395
Total current liabilities	40,094	34,759
Deferred revenue	1,800	2,503
Total liabilities	$ 41,894	$ 37,262

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Revenue Recognition - Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023	Mar. 27, 2022	Dec. 25, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue recognized related to deferred revenue and customer loyalty program	$ 8,400	$ 9,300
Contract Liabilities
Beginning balance	44,476
Ending balance	42,241
Change	(2,235)
Contract assets	7,000		$ 6,200
Amortization expense related to contract assets	900	$ 800
Franchise fees and unredeemed gift card liabilities
Contract Liabilities
Beginning balance	30,710
Ending balance	29,166
Change	(1,544)
Customer loyalty program obligations
Contract Liabilities
Beginning balance	13,766
Ending balance	13,075
Change	$ (691)

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Revenue Recognition - Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 26, 2023	Dec. 25, 2022
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Contract liabilities	$ 42,241	$ 44,476
Franchise fees
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation	19,727
Franchise fees | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-03-27
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation	$ 3,052
Remaining performance obligation period	1 year
Franchise fees | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-04-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation	$ 2,884
Remaining performance obligation period	1 year
Franchise fees | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-03-31
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation	$ 2,702
Remaining performance obligation period	1 year
Franchise fees | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-03-30
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation	$ 2,439
Remaining performance obligation period	1 year
Franchise fees | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-03-29
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation	$ 2,165
Remaining performance obligation period	1 year
Franchise fees | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2028-03-27
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation	$ 6,485
Remaining performance obligation period
Area development fees
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Contract liabilities	$ 3,300
Gift Card
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Contract liabilities	$ 6,200

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Common Stock - Share Authorized and Outstanding (Details) - shares shares in Millions	Mar. 26, 2023	Dec. 25, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Common stock authorized (in shares)	100.0	100.0
Common stock outstanding (in shares)	32.4	34.7

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Common Stock - Share Repurchase Program (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 01, 2023	Mar. 26, 2023	Mar. 27, 2022	Oct. 28, 2021
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (in shares)		2,523,000	301,000
Average price paid per share (in dollars per share)		$ 83.10	$ 108.76
Aggregate cost of shares purchased		$ 209,640	$ 32,709
Aggregate cost of shares purchased		212,444	32,709
Maximum dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs		90,160	$ 392,091
Transaction costs		$ 2,804
Starboard
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Total number of shares purchased (in shares)	2,176,928
Average price paid per share (in dollars per share)	$ 82.52
Aggregate cost of shares purchased	$ 179,600
Common stock repurchase program
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount				$ 425,000

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Common Stock - Dividends (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 25, 2023	Mar. 26, 2023	Mar. 27, 2022
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Dividends paid		$ 14,603	$ 12,608
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)		$ 0.42	$ 0.35
Dividends declared		$ 14,663	$ 12,480
Subsequent event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.42
Dividends declared	$ 13,800

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Earnings per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023	Mar. 27, 2022
Basic earnings per common share
Net income attributable to the Company	$ 22,376	$ 10,494
Dividends paid to participating securities	0	(60)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$ 22,376	$ 10,434
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	34,155	35,927
Basic earnings (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.66	$ 0.29
Diluted earnings per common share
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$ 22,376	$ 10,434
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	34,155	35,927
Dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards (in shares)	169	309
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	34,324	36,236
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.65	$ 0.29
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	22	21

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Debt - Summary of Long Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 26, 2023	Dec. 25, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding debt	$ 813,133	$ 605,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(7,571)	(7,931)
Current portion of long-term debt	(8,200)	0
Total long-term debt, net	797,362	597,069
Revolving facilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding debt	413,133	205,000
Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding debt	400,000	$ 400,000
PJMF Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding debt	8,200
Current portion of long-term debt	$ (8,200)

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Debt - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Sep. 14, 2021 USD ($) qtr	Mar. 26, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 27, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 25, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2015 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Current portion of long-term debt		$ 8,200		$ 0
Interest paid, including payments made or received under the swaps		$ 10,900	$ 10,100
Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	$ 400,000
Interest rate	3.875%	3.875%		3.875%
Senior notes | Redemption up to 40% at any time prior to September 15, 2024 with net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price percentage	103.875%
Senior notes | Redemption at any time prior to September 15, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price percentage	100.00%
Senior notes | Minimum | Redemption at any time on or after September 15, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price percentage	0.97%
Senior notes | Maximum | Redemption at any time on or after September 15, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price percentage	1.94%
Senior notes | Maximum | Redemption up to 40% at any time prior to September 15, 2024 with net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption percentage	40.00%
PJI Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 600,000
Line of credit facility, remaining borrowing capacity		$ 195,000
Line of credit facility, additional increase to borrowing capacity	$ 500,000
Number of quarters in interest margin period | qtr	4
PJI Revolving Facility | Federal funds rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest margin rate on debt	0.50%
PJI Revolving Facility | London Interbank Offered Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest margin rate on debt	1.00%
PJI Revolving Facility | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of commitment fee on unused credit facility	0.18%
PJI Revolving Facility | Minimum | LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest margin rate on debt	1.25%
PJI Revolving Facility | Minimum | Base rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest margin rate on debt	0.25%
PJI Revolving Facility | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of commitment fee on unused credit facility	0.30%
PJI Revolving Facility | Maximum | LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest margin rate on debt	2.00%
PJI Revolving Facility | Maximum | Base rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest margin rate on debt	1.00%
PJI Revolving Facility | Letter of credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 80,000
PJI Revolving Facility | Swingline Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	40,000
PJI Revolving Facility | Foreign Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 50,000
Credit Agreement | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest coverage ratio	2.00
Credit Agreement | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Leverage Ratio	5.25
Increase to Leverage Ratio	0.50
PJMF Revolving Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity					$ 20,000
Applicable interest rate		5.90%
Current portion of long-term debt		$ 8,200
PJMF Revolving Facility | SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest margin rate on debt		1.60%

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Debt - Notional Amounts of Derivatives (Details) - Designated as hedging instrument $ in Millions	Mar. 26, 2023 USD ($)
Interest Rate Swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional value	$ 125.0
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023, 2.33%
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional value	$ 55.0
Fixed Rates	2.33%
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023, 2.36%
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional value	$ 35.0
Fixed Rates	2.36%
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023, 2.34%
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional value	$ 35.0
Fixed Rates	2.34%

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Debt - Location and Amount of Derivatives in the Financial Statements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 26, 2023	Dec. 25, 2022
Interest Rate Swap | Other current assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	$ 274	$ 986

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Debt - Effect of Derivatives on the Financial Statements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023	Mar. 27, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total Net Interest Expense on Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	$ (9,021)	$ (4,264)
Interest Expense | Interest Rate Swap
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCL on Derivative	259	1,318
Interest Expense | Interest Rate Swap | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of (Loss) or Gain Reclassified from AOCL into Income	$ (207)	$ 535

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Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended
	Jan. 18, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Apr. 14, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 26, 2023 USD ($)	Oct. 29, 2018 employee
Pending litigation | Durling et al v. Papa John's International, Inc.
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of employees who opted into the class action | employee					9,571
Exposure from settlement recorded				$ 10,000
Payments for legal settlement	$ 5,000
Legal settlement accrued				$ 5,000
Pending litigation | Durling et al v. Papa John's International, Inc. | Maximum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Settlement amount		$ 20,000
Settled litigation | Papa Johns Employee and Franchise Employee Antitrust Litigation
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Settlement amount			$ 5,000

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Divestitures (Details) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 28, 2022 USD ($) restaurant	Mar. 27, 2022 USD ($) restaurant
Assets Held for Sale
Impairment of franchise rights		$ 2.8
Disposal group, disposed of by sale, not discontinued operations
Assets Held for Sale
Net sale proceeds	$ 14.0
Non-cash charge		$ 8.4
Noncontrolling interest	4.2
Unearned royalty stream	$ 12.2
unearned royalty stream recognition period	10 years
Disposal group, disposed of by sale, not discontinued operations | Corporate Joint Venture
Assets Held for Sale
Ownership percentage in divested joint venture	51.00%
Number of restaurants divested | restaurant	90	90

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Segment Information - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023 entity segment
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments | segment	4
Sales
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk, number | entity	0

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Segment Information - Schedule of Segment Information (Details) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 28, 2022 restaurant	Mar. 26, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 27, 2022 USD ($) restaurant	Dec. 25, 2022 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		$ 527,049	$ 542,692
Total operating income		37,796	14,435
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(551,975)
Total property and equipment, net		253,144		$ 249,793
Refranchising loss			8,400
Non-cash reserves		0	$ 11,160
Severance and related costs		1,400
Corporate Joint Venture | Disposal group, disposed of by sale, not discontinued operations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of restaurants divested | restaurant	90		90
Domestic Company-owned restaurants
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		179,866	$ 198,765
North America franchising
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		36,072	34,268
North America commissaries
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		212,566	209,679
International
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		31,463	34,617
All others
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		67,082	65,363
Operating segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		527,049	542,692
Operating segments | Domestic Company-owned restaurants
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		179,866	198,765
Total operating income		6,650	1,989
Property and equipment, gross		242,755
Operating segments | North America franchising
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		36,072	34,268
Total operating income		33,400	32,137
Operating segments | North America commissaries
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		212,566	209,679
Total operating income		10,730	9,334
Property and equipment, gross		152,411
Operating segments | International
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		38,704	42,707
Total operating income		7,232	4,455
Property and equipment, gross		17,118
Operating segments | International | Accounts Receivable
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Non-cash reserves			3,500
Operating segments | All others
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		59,841	57,273
Total operating income		3,157	3,719
Property and equipment, gross		135,467
Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		(69,704)	(78,939)
Total operating income		(7)	(88)
Eliminations | North America franchising
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		(1,052)	(1,053)
Eliminations | North America commissaries
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		(51,817)	(58,507)
Eliminations | All others
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues		(16,835)	(19,379)
Unallocated corporate expenses
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total operating income		(23,366)	(37,111)
Property and equipment, gross		$ 257,368
Legal settlements			5,000
Unallocated corporate expenses | Notes Receivable
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Non-cash reserves			$ 13,900

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Segment Information - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 26, 2023	Mar. 27, 2022
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 527,049	$ 542,692
Domestic Company-owned restaurants
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	179,866	198,765
North America franchising
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	36,072	34,268
North America commissaries
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	212,566	209,679
International
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	31,463	34,617
International | International other revenue
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	(7,241)	(8,090)
All others
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	67,082	65,363
All others | International other revenue
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	7,241	8,090
Operating segments
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	527,049	542,692
Operating segments | Company-owned restaurant sales
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	179,866	198,765
Operating segments | Franchise royalties and fees
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	49,615	48,756
Operating segments | Commissary sales
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	283,355	289,368
Operating segments | Other revenues
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	83,917	84,742
Operating segments | Domestic Company-owned restaurants
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	179,866	198,765
Operating segments | Domestic Company-owned restaurants | Company-owned restaurant sales
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	179,866	198,765
Operating segments | North America franchising
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	36,072	34,268
Operating segments | North America franchising | Franchise royalties and fees
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	37,124	35,321
Operating segments | North America commissaries
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	212,566	209,679
Operating segments | North America commissaries | Commissary sales
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	264,383	268,186
Operating segments | International
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	38,704	42,707
Operating segments | International | Franchise royalties and fees
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	12,491	13,435
Operating segments | International | Commissary sales
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	18,972	21,182
Operating segments | International | Other revenues
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	7,241	8,090
Operating segments | All others
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	59,841	57,273
Operating segments | All others | Other revenues
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	76,676	76,652
Eliminations
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	(69,704)	(78,939)
Eliminations | North America franchising
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	(1,052)	(1,053)
Eliminations | North America commissaries
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	(51,817)	(58,507)
Eliminations | All others
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ (16,835)	$ (19,379)