<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2015-09-10</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000751978</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>VICOR CORP</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>vicr</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0000901484</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>VINCIARELLI PATRIZIO</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O VICOR CORPORATION</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>25 FRONTAGE ROAD</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>ANDOVER</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>01810</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>1</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>Chairman and CEO</officerTitle>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2015-09-10</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>P</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>624</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>9.05</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>20291</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>See footnote</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>9758893</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">Due to an administrative error, the Form 4 filed on February 27, 2015, incorrectly referenced 19,667 shares as Direct Ownership.  As a result of such administrative error, the Form 4 filed  on February 27 2015,  incorrectly included the 19,667 in the  total amount of Direct Ownership securities beneficially owned.  Such shares are now correctly being reported as Indirect Ownership securities beneficially owned by the Patrizio Vinciarelli Irrevocable Trust U/A Dated 12/21/2012.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">These shares are held by the Reporting Person as Trustee of the Patrizio Vinciarelli Irrevocable Trust U/A Dated 12/21/2012, established for the benefit of the child of the Reporting Person.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/Richard J. Nagel Jr., Attorney in Fact for Patrizio Vinciarelli</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2015-09-14</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
