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Stock-based Compensation
 3 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-based Compensation Stock-based Compensation
The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock option awards without a market condition on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The following is a summary of activity for the Company’s stock options for the three months ended October 31, 2024:
(In thousands, except per share and term data)SharesWeighted Average Exercise PriceWeighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (In years)Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of July 31, 202416,310 $18.60 4.34$550,115 
Grants of options47 49.46 
Exercises(476)6.27 
Forfeitures or expirations— — 
Outstanding as of October 31, 202415,881 $19.07 4.19$514,658 
Exercisable as of October 31, 202413,694 $15.96 3.59$486,208 
The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock. The number of options that were in-the-money was 21,861,145 at October 31, 2024.
The Company grants option awards to certain executives that contain service and market conditions. The options will become exercisable over five years, subject to continued service by the executive, with 20% vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date and the balance vesting monthly over the subsequent four years. Separate and apart from the time-based vesting schedule, the options are also subject to a market condition requiring the trading price of the Company common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market to be greater than or equal to 125% of the exercise price of the options, determined both (i) at the time of any exercise, and (ii) based on the closing price on each of the twenty consecutive trading days preceding the date of any exercise. The exercise price of the options is equivalent to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of the awards is determined at the grant date using either Lattice or Monte Carlo model, risk-free interest rates ranging from 0.71% to 4.37%, estimated volatility ranging from 25.2% to 29.8%, and no expected dividends. The total estimated compensation expense to be recognized by the Company over the five-year service period for these options is $50.1 million and will be recognized using the accelerated attribution method over each vesting tranche of the award. The Company recognized $1.3 million and $2.2 million in compensation expense related to these awards in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following is a summary of activity for the Company’s stock option awards subject to market conditions for the three months ended October 31, 2024:
(In thousands, except per share and term data)SharesWeighted Average Exercise PriceWeighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (In years)Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of July 31, 20245,995 $24.70 6.47$165,656 
Grants of options— — 
Exercises— — 
Forfeitures or expirations— — 
Outstanding as of October 31, 20245,995 $24.70 6.21$160,500 
Exercisable as of October 31, 20244,456 $23.30 5.97$125,517 

The table below sets forth the stock-based compensation recognized by the Company for stock options, restricted stock, and restricted unit awards:
Three Months Ended October 31,
(In thousands)20242023
General and administrative$8,591 $6,951 
Facility operations1,824 1,556 
Total stock-based compensation$10,415 $8,507 
Additionally, Purple Wave, Inc. maintains an equity-based compensation plan for certain executives. Compensation cost attributable to Purple Wave, Inc. equity-based compensation plan was $0.6 million and $0.2 million included in stock based compensation for the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The Company’s restricted stock awards (“RSA”) and restricted stock unit awards (“RSU”), and performance stock units (“PSU”) have generally been issued with vesting periods ranging from two years to five years. RSA and RSU vest solely on service conditions while PSU will vest over five years, when and if certain financial performance targets are met. Accordingly, the Company recognizes compensation expense for RSA and RSU awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Compensation expense for PSU is recognized on an accelerated attribution method when the achievement of certain financial performance targets appear probable and is recognized over the remaining requisite service period.
The following is a summary of activity for the Company’s RSA, RSU and PSU for the three months ended October 31, 2024:
(In thousands, except per share data)Restricted and Performance SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of July 31, 20241,873 $47.29 
Grants 232 51.56 
Vested(42)33.33 
Forfeitures or expirations(6)40.84 
Outstanding as of October 31, 20242,057 $48.12