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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Business Overview
Business Overview
     Healthcare Realty Trust Incorporated (the “Company”) is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that owns, acquires, manages, finances, and develops income-producing real estate properties associated primarily with the delivery of outpatient healthcare services throughout the United States. The Company had investments of approximately $2.7 billion in 216 real estate properties and mortgages as of June 30, 2011, excluding assets classified as held for sale and including an investment in one unconsolidated joint venture. The Company’s 203 owned real estate properties, excluding assets classified as held for sale, are comprised of three facility types, located in 28 states, totaling approximately 13.4 million square feet. As of June 30, 2011, the Company provided property management services to approximately 9.2 million square feet nationwide.
Principles of Consolidation
Principles of Consolidation
     The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, joint ventures, and partnerships where the Company controls the operating activities.
     In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 810, “Consolidation,” the Company must evaluate each contractual relationship to determine whether or not it creates a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The Company had three construction mortgage loans aggregating approximately $45.9 million at June 30, 2011 in which each borrower has been identified as a VIE. At June 30, 2011, the Company had determined that it was not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs because it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance nor does it have the obligation to absorb the losses of, or receive the benefit from, the entities. Accordingly, the Company does not consolidate the underlying projects. The Company’s maximum loss exposure loss related to these VIEs at June 30, 2011 equals the Company’s related aggregate loan investment.
     During the first quarter of 2011, the Company purchased the remaining noncontrolling interest in its two consolidated joint ventures: (1) HR Ladco Holdings, LLC in which the Company held an 80% interest and (2) Lakewood MOB, LLC in which the Company held a 98.75% interest. The noncontrolling interest holder in both joint ventures was Ladco MPF I, LLC (“Ladco”). Prior to the purchase, the noncontrolling interests were reported as equity and the related net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests as part of consolidated net income in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company’s investment in its one unconsolidated joint venture, which is carried at cost, is included in other assets with its related income recognized in other income (expense) in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
     The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements that are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. Management believes, however, that all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
     This interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this report and in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. This interim financial information does not necessarily represent or indicate what the operating results will be for the year ending December 31, 2011 for many reasons including, but not limited to, acquisitions, dispositions, capital financing transactions, changes in interest rates and the effects of other trends and uncertainties.
Use of Estimates in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Use of Estimates in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
     Preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Segment Reporting
Segment Reporting
     The Company owns, acquires, manages, finances, and develops outpatient, healthcare-related properties. The Company is managed as one operating segment, rather than multiple operating segments, for internal reporting purposes and for internal decision-making. Therefore, the Company discloses its operating results in a single segment.
Reclassifications [Text Block]
Reclassifications
     Certain amounts in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Assets sold or held for sale, and related liabilities, have been reclassified in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the operating results of those assets have been reclassified from continuing to discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
   General
     The Company recognizes revenue when it is realized or realizable and earned. There are four criteria that must be met before a company may recognize revenue, including: persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered (i.e., the tenant has taken possession of and controls the physical use of the leased asset); the price has been fixed or is determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. Income received but not yet earned is deferred until such time it is earned. Deferred revenue is included in other liabilities in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
     The Company derives most of its revenues from its real estate and mortgage notes receivable portfolio. The Company’s rental and mortgage interest income is recognized based on contractual arrangements with its tenants, sponsors or borrowers. These contractual arrangements generally fall into three categories: leases, mortgage notes receivable, and property operating agreements as described in the following paragraphs. The Company may accrue late fees based on the contractual terms of a lease or note. Such fees, if accrued, are included in master lease rent, property operating income, or mortgage interest income in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, based on the type of contractual agreement.
   Rental Income
     Rental income related to non-cancelable operating leases is recognized as earned over the life of the lease agreements on a straight-line basis. The Company’s lease agreements generally include provisions for stated annual increases or increases based on a Consumer Price Index. The Company’s multi-tenant office lease arrangements also generally allow for operating expense recoveries which the Company calculates and bills to its tenants. Rental income from properties under master lease arrangements with tenants is included in master lease rent and rental income from properties with multi-tenant office lease arrangements is included in property operating income in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
   Interest Income
     Mortgage interest income and notes receivable interest income are recognized based on the interest rates and maturity date or amortization period specific to each note. Loan origination fees received are deferred and are recognized in mortgage interest income over the estimated life of the loan.
   Property Operating Income
     The Company has eight real estate properties subject to property operating agreements that obligate the sponsoring health system to provide to the Company a minimum return on the Company’s investment in the property in exchange for the right to be involved in the operating decisions of the property, including tenancy. If the minimum return is not achieved through normal operations of the property, the sponsor is responsible to the Company for the shortfall under the terms of these agreements. The Company recognizes any shortfall income in other operating income in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
     The Company intends at all times to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Accordingly, no provision has been made for federal income taxes. The Company must distribute at least 90% per annum of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders and meet other requirements to continue to qualify as a REIT.
     The Company must pay certain state income taxes which are generally included in general and administrative expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
     The Company classifies interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, in its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as a component of general and administrative expense.
Incentive Plans
Incentive Plans
     The Company has various outstanding employee and non-employee stock-based awards, including restricted stock issued under its incentive plans, and options granted to employees pursuant to its employee stock purchase plan (the “Employee Stock Purchase Plan”). The Company recognizes compensation expense for these awards based on the grant date fair value of the awards ratably over the requisite service period.
Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension Plans
Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension Plans
     The Company has a retirement plan (the “Executive Retirement Plan”) under which three of the Company’s founding officers may receive certain benefits upon retirement. The plan is unfunded and benefits will be paid from cash flows of the Company. The maximum annual benefits payable to each individual under the Executive Retirement Plan have been frozen at $896,000, subject to cost-of-living adjustments. The Company recognizes pension expense on an accrual basis over an estimated service period. The Company calculates pension expense and the corresponding liability annually on the measurement date (December 31) which requires certain assumptions, such as a discount rate and the recognition of actuarial gains and losses.
     The Company also had a pension plan under which the Company’s non-employee directors would receive certain retirement benefits. That plan was terminated in 2009 and during 2010 lump sum payments totaling $2.6 million were made to those directors who participated in the plan.
Operating Leases
Operating Leases
     As described in more detail in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company is obligated under operating lease agreements consisting primarily of its corporate office lease and various ground leases related to the Company’s real estate investments where the Company is the lessee.
Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale
Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale
     The Company sells properties from time to time due to a variety of factors, including among other things, market conditions or the exercise of purchase options by tenants. The operating results of properties that have been sold or are held for sale are reported as discontinued operations in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. A company must report discontinued operations when a component of an entity has either been disposed of or is deemed to be held for sale if (i) both the operations and cash flows of the component have been or will be eliminated from ongoing operations as a result of the disposal transaction, and (ii) the entity will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal transaction. Long-lived assets classified as held for sale in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or their estimated fair value less cost to sell. Further, depreciation of these assets ceases at the time the assets are classified as discontinued operations. Losses resulting from the sale or anticipated sale of such properties are characterized as impairment losses relating to discontinued operations in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 3 for a detail of the Company’s assets held for sale and discontinued operations.
Land Held for Development
Land Held for Development
     Land held for development, which is included in construction in progress in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, includes parcels of land owned by the Company, upon which the Company intends to develop and own outpatient healthcare facilities.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements
     Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants. In calculating fair value, a company must maximize the use of observable market inputs, minimize the use of unobservable market inputs and disclose in the form of an outlined hierarchy the details of such fair value measurements.
     A hierarchy of valuation techniques is defined to determine whether the inputs to a fair value measurement are considered to be observable or unobservable in a marketplace. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. These inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:
      Level 1 — quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;
      Level 2 — quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and
      Level 3 — fair value measurements derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.
Real Estate Properties
Real Estate Properties
     Real estate properties are recorded at cost. Cost at the time of the acquisition is allocated between land, buildings, tenant improvements, lease and other intangibles, and personal property based upon estimated fair values at the time of acquisition.
     Periodically, the Company will eliminate fully-depreciated real estate lease intangible assets that were initially recorded as part of the Company’s real estate acquisition accounting against accumulated depreciation. During the second quarter of 2011, the Company eliminated approximately $40.0 million of its fully amortized real estate lease intangibles against accumulated depreciation.
     The Company also capitalizes direct construction and development costs, including interest, to all consolidated real estate properties that are under construction and substantive activities are ongoing to prepare the asset for its intended use. The Company considers a building as substantially complete and held available for occupancy upon the completion of tenant improvements, but no later than one year from cessation of major construction activity. Costs incurred after a project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, or after development activities have ceased, are expensed as incurred.
Mortgage Loans
Mortgage Loans
     Loans receivable may be classified as held-for-investment or held-for-sale based on a lender’s intent and ability to hold the loans. Loans held-for-investment are carried at amortized cost and are reduced by valuation allowances for estimated credit losses as necessary. Loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. All of the Company’s loans receivable are classified as held-for-investment.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Credit Losses
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Credit Losses
     Management monitors the aging and collectibility of its accounts receivable balances on an ongoing basis. Whenever deterioration in the timeliness of payment from a tenant or sponsor is noted, management investigates and determines the reason(s) for the delay. Considering all information gathered, management’s judgment is exercised in determining whether a receivable is potentially uncollectible and, if so, how much or what percentage may be uncollectible. Among the factors management considers in determining collectibility are: the type of contractual arrangement under which the receivable was recorded (e.g., a triple net lease, a gross lease, a sponsor guaranty agreement, or some other type of agreement); the tenant’s reason for slow payment; industry influences under which the tenant operates; evidence of willingness and ability of the tenant to pay the receivable; credit-worthiness of the tenant; collateral, security deposit, letters of credit or other monies held as security; tenant’s historical payment pattern; other contractual agreements between the tenant and the Company; relationship between the tenant and the Company; the state in which the tenant operates; and the existence of a guarantor and the willingness and ability of the guarantor to pay the receivable. Considering these factors and others, management concludes whether all or some of the aged receivable balance is likely uncollectible. Upon determining that some portion of the receivable is likely uncollectible, the Company records a provision for bad debts for the amount it expects will be uncollectible. When efforts to collect a receivable are exhausted, the receivable amount is charged off against the allowance.
     The Company also evaluates collectibility of its mortgage notes and notes receivable and records an allowance on the notes as necessary. A loan is impaired when it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan as scheduled, including both contractual interest and principal payments. If a mortgage loan or note receivable becomes past due, the Company will review the specific circumstances and may discontinue the accrual of interest on the loan. The loan is not returned to accrual status until the debtor has demonstrated the ability to continue debt service in accordance with the contractual terms. Loans placed on non-accrual status will be accounted for either on a cash basis, in which income is recognized only upon receipt of cash, or on a cost-recovery basis, in which all cash receipts reduce the carrying value of the loan, based on the Company’s expectation of future collectability.
New Pronouncement
New Pronouncements
     In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-05, “Presentation of Comprehensive Income.” ASU 2011-05 requires companies to retrospectively present comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements, and eliminates the current option of presenting components of comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. ASU 2011-05 also will require companies to present on the face of the financial statements reclassification adjustments for items that are reclassified from other comprehensive income to net income. ASU 2011-05 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2012 although early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2011-05 will not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.
Presentation Of Comprehensive Income
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
     A company must include certain items in comprehensive income (loss), such as foreign currency translation adjustments, minimum pension liability adjustments, and unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities. The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive loss includes pension liability adjustments, which are generally recognized in the fourth quarter of each year.