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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Business Overview
Healthcare Realty Trust Incorporated (the "Company") is a real estate investment trust ("REIT") that owns, leases, manages, acquires, finances, develops and redevelops income-producing real estate properties associated primarily with the delivery of outpatient healthcare services throughout the United States. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had gross investments of approximately $3.9 billion in 201 real estate properties located in 27 states totaling approximately 14.8 million square feet. The Company provided leasing and property management services to approximately 11.1 million square feet nationwide.

Basis of Presentation
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. They do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. However, except as disclosed herein, management believes there has been no material change in the information disclosed in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

This interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. Management believes that all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. In addition, the interim financial information does not necessarily represent or indicate what the operating results will be for the year ending December 31, 2018 for many reasons including, but not limited to, acquisitions, dispositions, capital financing transactions, changes in interest rates and the effects of other trends, risks and uncertainties.

Use of Estimates in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)
The Company recognizes certain revenue under the core principle of Topic 606. This requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Lease revenue is not within the scope of Topic 606. To achieve the core principle, the Company applies the five step model specified in the guidance. See the New Accounting Pronouncements section below for additional information.

Revenue that is accounted for under Topic 606 is segregated on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in the Other operating line item. This line item includes parking income, rental lease guaranty income, management fee income and other miscellaneous income. Below is a detail of the amounts by category:
(in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Type of Revenue
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Parking income
 
$
1,752

 
$
1,669

 
$
5,197

 
$
4,907

Rental lease guaranty
 
168

 
168

 
488

 
545

Management fee income
 
68

 
70

 
205

 
237

Miscellaneous
 
22

 
40

 
83

 
127

 
 
$
2,010

 
$
1,947

 
$
5,973

 
$
5,816



The Company’s three major types of revenue that are accounted for under Topic 606 that are listed above are all accounted for as the performance obligation is satisfied. The performance obligations that are identified for each of these items are satisfied over time and the Company recognizes revenue monthly based on this principle.
Reclassifications
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
Certain reclassifications have been made on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. After the adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-08, "Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity," the Company's dispositions have not met the updated definition to be reported as discontinued operations. The Company had some residual impact from properties that were identified as discontinued operations prior to the adoption of ASU 2014-08. These amounts are considered immaterial and have been reclassified for the prior year presentation on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
Three months ended September 30, 2017
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2017
(in thousands)
As Previously Reported
 
As Reclassified
 
As Previously Reported
 
As Reclassified
EXPENSES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating expense
$
40,626

 
$
40,628

 
$
116,644

 
$
116,663

Bad debt, net
14

 
4

 
185

 
175

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain on sales of properties
(7
)
 
(7
)
 
39,519

 
39,525

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS
$
3,165

 
$
3,173

 
$
60,247

 
$
60,243

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
$
8

 
$

 
$
(9
)
 
$

Gain on sales of properties

 

 
5

 

INCOME (LOSS) FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
$
8

 
$

 
$
(4
)
 
$




New Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 and No. 2015-14
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that supersedes most existing revenue recognition guidance, including sales of real estate. This standard's core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. However, leasing contracts, representing the major source of the Company's revenues, are not within the scope of the new standard and will continue to be accounted for under other standards.

In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606); Deferral of the Effective Date." This standard was effective for the Company for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that year.

The Company adopted this standard by using the full retrospective adoption method beginning on January 1, 2018. The Company's revenue-producing contracts are primarily leases that are not within the scope of this standard. As a result, the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the timing and measurement of the Company's leasing revenues. The Company has determined that parking income, rental lease guaranty income and management fee income are within the scope of Topic 606. However, these items were determined to have the same pattern of revenue recognition that the Company
had historically recognized. The Company reclassified these amounts along with all other items that are accounted for within the scope of Topic 606 into the Other operating line item on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. This line item historically contained the revenue associated with rental lease guaranty income, management fee income and other non-lease revenue. The Company reclassified parking income from rental income to other operating income.

The following table represents the impact of the adoption of this standard on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:

 
Three months ended September 30, 2017
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2017
(in thousands)
As Reported
 
As Reclassified
 
As Reported
 
As Reclassified
REVENUES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental income
$
106,561

 
$
105,078

 
$
315,519

 
$
311,171

Other operating
392

 
1,947

 
1,249

 
5,816

 
$
106,953

 
$
107,025

 
$
316,768

 
$
316,987

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest and other income, net
$
426

 
$
354

 
$
616

 
$
396

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NET INCOME
$
3,173

 
$
3,173

 
$
60,243

 
$
60,243



Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, No. 2018-01 and No. 2018-11
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases." In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, "Leases - Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842," and in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, "Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases" and ASU 2018-11, "Leases - Targeted Improvements." These accounting standard updates are collectively referred to as "Topic 842."

Topic 842 provides several practical expedients that the Company expects to elect. These are (a) the package of practical expedients offered that allows an entity not to reassess upon adoption (i) whether an expired or existing contract contains a lease, (ii) lease classification related to expired or existing lease arrangements, and (iii) whether costs incurred on expired or existing leases qualify as initial direct costs, and (b) the practical expedient not to separate certain non-lease components, such as common area maintenance, from the lease component if (i) the timing and pattern of transfer are the same for the non-lease component and associated lease component, and (ii) the lease component would be classified as an operating lease if accounted for separately.

For lessees, the new standard establishes a right-of-use ("ROU") model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with the classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The Company expects that most of the leases where the Company is the lessee will be recorded on the Company's balance sheet as operating leases. These leases are primarily ground leases, but also include the Company's corporate office lease, management office leases in third party buildings and certain copier and postage machine leases. The impact to the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets has not yet been determined. The Company is in the process of working with consultants to determine the appropriate discount rate required to calculate the present value of the future lease payments for ground leases that have lease terms longer than typical secured financing allows.

For lessors, the new standard requires a lessor to classify leases as either sales-type, direct-financing or operating. A lease will be treated as a sale if it is considered to transfer control of the underlying asset, to the lessee. A lease will be classified as direct-financing if risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control. Otherwise, the lease is treated as an operating lease. Lessor accounting remains largely unchanged with some exceptions including the concept of separating lease and nonlease components. Nonlease components, such as common area maintenance, will be accounted for under Topic 606 and separated from the lease payments. However, the Company will elect the lessor practical expedient allowing the Company to not separate these components when certain conditions are met. The Company does not expect a material impact from the adoption of Topic 842 related to leases where the Company is the lessor.

The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Topic 842 provides two transition alternatives. The Company expects to choose the optional transition method available to apply the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 840 in the comparative periods presented in the year Topic 842 is adopted. Topic 842 includes extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures as compared to Topic 840, Leases, for both lessees and lessors. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact from the adoption of this new standard on the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes.

Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments." This update is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recognition of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income, including loans held for investment, held-to-maturity debt securities, trade and other receivables, net investment in leases and other such commitments. This update requires that financial statement assets measured at an amortized cost and certain other financial instruments be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, through an allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis. This standard is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the initial stages of evaluating the impact from the adoption of this new standard on the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes.

Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment." This update eliminates Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. As such, an entity will perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value. This standard is effective for the Company for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company does not expect a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes from the adoption of this standard.

Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-05
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, "Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets." This update defines an in-substance nonfinancial asset, unifies guidance related to partial sales of nonfinancial assets, eliminates rules specifically addressing the sales of real estate, removes exceptions to the financial asset derecognition model and clarifies the accounting for contributions of nonfinancial assets to joint ventures. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2018 on the full retrospective adoption method. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact to the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes.

Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-09
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation - Scope of Modification Accounting." This update provides guidance about which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based awards require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact to the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes.