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Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

As lessor

We lease space to tenants under operating leases. Most of the leases provide for the payment of fixed base rent payable monthly in advance. Leases typically provide for periodic step‑ups in rent over the term of the lease and pass through to tenants their share of increases in real estate taxes and operating expenses over a base year. Certain leases also require additional variable rent payments based on a percentage of the tenants’ sales. Electricity is provided to tenants on a sub-metered basis or included in rent based on surveys and adjusted for subsequent utility rate increases. Leases also typically provide for free rent and tenant improvement allowances for all or a portion of the tenant’s initial construction costs of its premises.

As of December 31, 2024, future undiscounted cash flows under non-cancelable operating leases were as follows:


(Amounts in thousands)	As of December 31, 2024
For the year ended December 31,
2025	$	1,290,179
2026	1,268,356
2027	1,169,119
2028	1,074,024
2029	958,233
Thereafter	6,399,782

As lessee

We have a number of ground leases which are classified as operating leases. As of December 31, 2024, our ROU assets and lease liabilities were $678,804,000 and $749,759,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, our ROU assets and lease liabilities were $680,044,000 and $732,859,000, respectively.

When the rate implicit in a lease is not readily determinable, the discount rate applied to measure each ROU asset and lease liability is based on our incremental borrowing rate ("IBR"). We consider the general economic environment and our ratings and factor in various financing and asset specific adjustments to ensure the IBR is appropriate to the intended use of the underlying lease. Certain of our ground leases offer renewal options which we assess against relevant economic factors to determine whether we are reasonably certain of exercising or not exercising the option. Lease payments associated with renewal periods that we are reasonably certain will be exercised are included in the measurement of the lease liability and corresponding ROU asset.

Certain of our ground leases are subject to fair market rent resets based on a percentage of the appraised value of the underlying assets at specified future dates. Fair market rent resets occurring during the lease term, which may be material, do not give rise to remeasurement of the related ROU assets and lease liabilities and will be recognized in the periods in which they are incurred as variable rent expense.

The following table sets forth information related to the measurement of our lease liabilities.


(Amounts in thousands)	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024			2023			2022
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	47.2			47.9			48.4
Weighted average discount rate	5.59		%	5.59		%	5.54		%
Cash paid for operating leases	$	22,466		$	22,499		$	21,861

We recognize rent expense as a component of "operating" expenses on our consolidated statements of income. Rent expense is comprised of fixed and variable lease payments. The following table sets forth the details of our rent expense.


(Amounts in thousands)	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Fixed rent expense	$	45,941	$	46,538	$	45,211
Variable rent expense	14,573		14,679		14,180
Rent expense	$	60,514	$	61,217	$	59,391

18. Leases - continued

As lessee - continued

As of December 31, 2024, future lease payments due under operating ground leases were as follows:


(Amounts in thousands)	As of December 31, 2024
For the year ended December 31,
2025	$	81,574
2026	46,616
2027	47,027
2028	47,462
2029	47,922
Thereafter	1,821,249
Total undiscounted cash flows	2,091,850
Present value discount	(1,342,091)
Lease liabilities	$	749,759

PENN 1

Our future lease payments disclosed above include payments for our PENN 1 ground lease based on an amount estimated in January 2022, when we exercised the second of three 25-year renewal options. The first renewal period commenced June 2023 and, together with the second option exercise, extends the lease term through June 2073. The ground lease is subject to fair market value resets at each 25-year renewal period. The rent reset process for the June 2023 renewal period is currently ongoing and the timing is uncertain. The final fair market value determination may be materially higher or lower than our January 2022 estimate.

The Farley Building

The future lease payments detailed above exclude the ground and building lease at the Farley Building. The consolidated joint venture, in which we own a 95% controlling interest, has a 99-year triple-net lease with Empire State Development ("ESD") for 846,000 rentable square feet of commercial space at the property, comprised of approximately 730,000 square feet of office space and approximately 116,000 square feet of restaurant and retail space. Our lease of the commercial space at the property is accounted for as a “failed sale-leaseback” as a result of us being deemed the "accounting owner" during development of the property in accordance with ASC 842-40-55 and the lease subsequently meeting "finance lease" classification pursuant to ASC 842-40-25 upon substantial completion. The lease calls for annual rent payments and fixed payments in lieu of real estate taxes ("PILOT") through June 2030. Following the fixed PILOT payment period, the PILOT is calculated in a manner consistent with buildings subject to New York City real estate taxes and assessments. As of December 31, 2024, future rent and fixed PILOT payments are $519,049,000.

Leases