The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of MannKind Corporation and its subsidiaries (“MannKind,” the “Company,” “we” or “us”), have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on February 26, 2019 (the “Annual Report”).

In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results of these interim periods have been included. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 may not be indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates or assumptions. Management considers many factors in selecting appropriate financial accounting policies, and in developing the estimates and assumptions that are used in the preparation of the financial statements. Management must apply significant judgment in this process. The more significant estimates reflected in these accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition and gross-to-net adjustments, assessing long-lived assets for impairment, inventory costing and recoverability, recognized loss on purchase commitments, milestone rights liability, stock-based compensation and the determination of the provision for income taxes and corresponding deferred tax assets and liabilities and the valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets.

Business — The Company is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of inhaled therapeutic products for diseases such as diabetes and pulmonary arterial hypertension. The Company’s only approved product, Afrezza (insulin human) Inhalation Powder, is a rapid-acting inhaled insulin that was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) in June 2014 to improve glycemic control in adults with diabetes. Afrezza became available by prescription in United States retail pharmacies in February 2015. Currently, the Company promotes Afrezza to endocrinologists and certain high-prescribing primary care physicians in the United States through its specialty sales force.

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.

The Company is not currently profitable and has rarely generated positive net cash flows from operations. In addition, the Company expects to continue to incur significant expenditures for the foreseeable future in support of its manufacturing operations, sales and marketing costs for Afrezza, and collaboration and development costs for product candidates in the Company’s pipeline. As a result, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $3.0 billion, $120.1 million of total principal amount of outstanding borrowings, and limited capital resources of $30.2 million in cash and cash equivalents and $19.9 million in short-term investments as of September 30, 2019. These financial conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

In August 2019, the Company and MannKind LLC entered into a credit and security agreement with MidCap Financial Trust (the “MidCap Credit Facility” or “Credit Facility”) to recapitalize its debt structure (the “recapitalization”) (Refer to Note 7 – Borrowings for further details). The Credit Facility is comprised of a $75.0 million senior secured credit facility, of which $40.0 million was outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and the remaining $35.0 million will become available under the following conditions: (1) $10.0 million will be made available through April 15, 2020 if the Company’s trailing 12 month Afrezza product net revenue is equal to or greater than $30.0 million and (2) the remaining $25.0 million will be made available through June 30, 2021 upon the satisfaction of certain milestones associated with the Company’s license agreement with United Therapeutics (see Note 8 – Collaborations and Licensing Arrangements).

Principal payments on the Credit Facility begin in September 2021. In addition, the MidCap Credit Facility contains certain covenants, one of which includes a requirement to maintain a minimum of $15.0 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents. This amount will increase to $20 million if the Company draws the aforementioned additional funding that may be made available.

As part of the recapitalization, the Company converted shares of common stock, made repayments on outstanding borrowings, and used some of the proceeds from the MidCap Credit Facility proceeds to:

The Company’s capital resources may not be sufficient to continue to meet its current and anticipated obligations over the next twelve months if the Company cannot increase its operating cash inflows by growing its prescription and revenue base and/or obtain access to the remaining $35.0 million borrowings that may become available under its Credit Facility. In the event these capital resources are not sufficient, the Company may need to raise additional capital through the sale of equity or debt securities, enter into strategic business collaboration agreements with other companies, seek other funding facilities, seek other licensing arrangements, sell assets and/or other means. However, the Company cannot provide assurances that additional capital will be available on acceptable terms or at all.

If the Company is unable to meet its current and anticipated obligations over the next twelve months through its existing capital resources, or obtain new sources of capital when needed, the Company may have to delay, reduce the scope of its manufacturing operations, reduce or eliminate one or more of its development programs, make significant changes to its operating plan. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Principles of Consolidation – The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Segment Information – Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. To date, the Company has viewed its operations and manages its business as one segment operating in the United States of America.

Revenue Recognition — The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“the new revenue guidance”), on January 1, 2018. Under Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customers obtain control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that are within the scope of Topic 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to arrangements that meet the definition of a contract under Topic 606, including when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.

At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of Topic 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company has two types of contracts with customers: (i) contracts for commercial product sales with wholesale distributors and specialty pharmacies and (ii) collaboration arrangements.

Revenue Recognition – Net Revenue – Commercial Product Sales – The Company sells Afrezza to a limited number of wholesale distributors and specialty pharmacies in the U.S. (collectively, its “Customers”). These Customers subsequently resell the Company’s products to retail pharmacies and certain medical centers or hospitals. Specialty pharmacies sell directly to patients. In addition to distribution agreements with Customers, the Company enters into arrangements with health care providers and payors that provide for government mandated and/or privately negotiated rebates, chargebacks, and discounts with respect to the purchase of the Company’s products.

The Company recognizes revenue on product sales when the Customer obtains control of the Company's product, which occurs at delivery for wholesale distributors and at shipment for specialty pharmacies. Product revenues are recorded net of applicable reserves for variable consideration, including discounts and allowances.

Free Goods Program – From time to time, the Company offers programs to potential new patients that allow them to obtain free goods (prescription fills) from a pharmacy. On a net basis, it is not probable that the Company will receive the consideration from these products. Therefore, the Company excludes such amounts from both gross and net revenue. The cost of product associated with the free goods program is included in the cost of goods sold.

Reserves for Variable Consideration — Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established. Components of variable consideration include trade discounts and allowances, product returns, provider chargebacks and discounts, government rebates, payor rebates, and other incentives, such as voluntary patient assistance, and other allowances that are offered within contracts between the Company and its Customers, payors, and other indirect customers relating to the Company’s sale of its products. These reserves, as detailed below, are based on the amounts earned, or to be claimed on the related sales, and result in a reduction of accounts receivable or establishment of a current liability.

Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes which are probability-weighted in accordance with the expected value method in Topic 606 for relevant factors such as current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data, and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reduce recognized revenue to the Company’s best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it is entitled based on the terms of the respective underlying contracts.

The amount of variable consideration which is included in the transaction price may be constrained, and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized under the contract will not occur in a future period. The Company’s analysis also contemplates application of the constraint in accordance with the guidance, under which it determined a material reversal of revenue would not occur in a future period for the estimates detailed below as of September 30, 2019 and, therefore, the transaction price was not reduced further during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company will adjust these estimates, which would affect net revenue – commercial product sales and earnings in the period such variances become known.

Trade Discounts and Allowances — The Company generally provides Customers with discounts which include incentives, such as prompt pay discounts, that are explicitly stated in the Company’s contracts and are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. In addition, the Company compensates (through trade discounts and allowances) its Customers for sales order management, data, and distribution services. However, the Company has determined such services received to date are not distinct from the Company’s sale of products to the Customer and, therefore, these payments have been recorded as a reduction of revenue and as a reduction to accounts receivable, net.

Product Returns — Consistent with industry practice, the Company generally offers Customers a right of return for unopened product that has been purchased from the Company for a period beginning six months prior to and ending 12 months after its expiration date, which lapses upon shipment to a patient. The Company estimates the amount of its product sales that may be returned by its Customers and records this estimate as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized, as well as reductions to accounts receivable, net. The Company currently estimates product returns using available industry data and its own sales information, including its visibility into the inventory remaining in the distribution channel. The Company’s current return reserve percentage is estimated to be in the single-digits.

Provider Chargebacks and Discounts — Chargebacks for fees and discounts to providers represent the estimated obligations resulting from contractual commitments to sell products to qualified healthcare providers at prices lower than the list prices charged to Customers who directly purchase the product from the Company. Customers charge the Company for the difference between what they pay for the product and the ultimate selling price to the qualified healthcare providers. These reserves are established in the same period that the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability which is recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities. Chargeback amounts are generally determined at the time of resale to the qualified healthcare provider by Customers, and the Company generally issues credits for such amounts within a few weeks of the Customer’s notification to the Company of the resale. Reserves for chargebacks consist of credits that the Company expects to issue for units that remain in the distribution channel inventories at each reporting period-end that the Company expects will be sold to qualified healthcare providers, and chargebacks that Customers have claimed, but for which the Company has not yet issued a credit.

Government Rebates — The Company is subject to discount obligations under Medicare and state Medicaid programs. These reserves are recorded in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability which is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities. For Medicare, the Company also estimates the number of patients in the prescription drug coverage gap for whom the Company will owe an additional liability under the Medicare Part D program. The Company’s liability for these rebates consists of invoices received for claims from prior quarters that have not been paid or for which an invoice has not yet been received, estimates of claims for the current quarter, and estimated future claims that will be made for product that has been recognized as revenue, but which remains in the distribution channel inventories at the end of each reporting period.

Payor Rebates — The Company contracts with certain private payor organizations, primarily insurance companies and pharmacy benefit managers, for the payment of rebates with respect to utilization of its products. The Company estimates these rebates and records such estimates in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability which is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Other Incentives — Other incentives which the Company offers include voluntary patient support programs, such as the Company's co-pay assistance program, which are intended to provide financial assistance to qualified commercially-insured patients with prescription drug co-payments required by payors. The calculation of the accrual for co-pay assistance is based on an estimate of claims and the cost per claim that the Company expects to receive associated with the product that has been recognized as revenue, but remains in the distribution channel inventories at the end of each reporting period. The adjustments are recorded in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability which is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Revenue Recognition – Revenue – Collaborations and Services— The Company enters into licensing or research agreements under which the Company licenses certain rights to its product candidates to third parties or conducting research services to third parties. The terms of these arrangements may include, but are not limited to payment to the Company of one or more of the following: nonrefundable up-front license fees; development, regulatory, and commercial milestone payments; payments for manufacturing commercial and clinical supply services the Company provides; and royalties on net sales of licensed products and sublicenses of the rights. As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must develop assumptions that require judgment such as determining the performance obligation in the contract and determining the stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation identified in the contract. If an arrangement has multiple performance obligations, the allocation of the transaction price is determined from observable market inputs, and the Company uses key assumptions to determine the stand-alone selling price, which may include development timelines, reimbursement rates for personnel costs, discount rates, and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. Revenue is recognized based on the measurement of progress as the performance obligation is satisfied and consideration received that does not meet the requirements to satisfy the revenue recognition criteria is recorded as deferred revenue. Current deferred revenue consists of amounts that are expected to be recognized as revenue in the next 12 months. Amounts that the Company expects will not be recognized within the next 12 months are classified as long-term deferred revenue. For further information see Note 8 — Collaborations and Licensing Arrangements.

The Company recognizes upfront license payments as revenue upon delivery of the license only if the license is determined to be a separate unit of accounting from the other undelivered performance obligations. The undelivered performance obligations typically include manufacturing or development services or research and/or steering committee services. If the license is not considered as a distinct performance obligation, then the license and other undelivered performance obligations would be evaluated to determine if such should be accounted for as a single unit of accounting. If concluded to be a single performance obligation, the transaction price for the single performance obligation is recognized as revenue over the estimated period of when the performance obligation is satisfied.

Whenever the Company determines that an arrangement should be accounted for over time, the Company determines the period over which the performance obligations will be performed, and revenue will be recognized over the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Significant management judgment is required in determining the level of effort required under an arrangement and the period over which the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations under an arrangement.

The Company’s collaboration agreements typically entitle the Company to additional payments upon the achievement of development, regulatory and sales milestones. If the achievement of a milestone is considered probable at the inception of the collaboration, the related milestone payment is included with other collaboration consideration, such as upfront fees and research funding, in the Company’s revenue calculation. If these milestones are not considered probable at the inception of the collaboration, the milestones will typically be recognized in one of two ways depending on the timing of when the milestone is achieved. If the milestone is improbable at inception and subsequently deemed probable of achievement, such will be added to the transaction price, resulting in a cumulative adjustment to revenue. If the milestone is achieved after the performance period has completed and all performance obligations have been delivered, the Company will recognize the milestone payment as revenue in its entirety in the period the milestone was achieved.

The Company’s collaborative agreements, for accounting purposes, represent contracts with customers and therefore are not subject to accounting literature on collaborative agreements. The Company grants licenses to its intellectual property, supplies raw materials or finished goods and provides research and development services, all of which are outputs of the Company’s ongoing activities, in exchange for consideration. The Company does not develop assets jointly with collaboration partners, and does not share in significant risks of their development or commercialization activities. Accordingly, the Company concluded that its collaborative agreements must be accounted for pursuant to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

For collaboration agreements that allow collaboration partners to select additional optioned products or services, the Company evaluates whether such options contain material rights (i.e., have exercise prices that are discounted compared to what the Company would charge for a similar product or service to a new collaboration partner). The exercise price of these options includes a combination of licensing fees, event-based milestone payments and royalties. When these amounts in aggregate are not offered at a discount that exceeds discounts available to other customers, the Company concludes the option does not contain a material right, and therefore is not included in the transaction price at contract inception. Rather, the Company evaluates grants of additional licensing rights upon option exercises to determine whether such should be accounted for as separate contracts. The Company concluded there is no material right in these options.

The Company follows detailed accounting guidance in measuring revenue and certain judgments affect the application of its revenue policy. For example, in connection with its existing collaboration agreements, the Company has recorded on its condensed consolidated balance sheets short-term and long-term deferred revenue based on its best estimate of when such revenue will be recognized. Short-term deferred revenue consists of amounts that are expected to be recognized as revenue in the next 12 months. Amounts that the Company expects will not be recognized within the next 12 months are classified as long-term deferred revenue. However, this estimate is based on the Company’s current project development plan and, if the development plan should change in the future, the Company may recognize a different amount of deferred revenue over the next 12-month period.

Milestone Payments — At the inception of each arrangement that includes development milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the control of the Company or the customer, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. The transaction price is then allocated to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis, for which the Company recognizes revenue as, or when, the performance obligations under the contract are satisfied. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company will re-evaluate the probability of achievement of such development milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect license, collaboration, other revenue, and earnings in the period of adjustment.

Cost of Goods Sold — Cost of goods sold includes material, labor costs and manufacturing overhead. Cost of goods sold also includes a significant component of current period manufacturing costs in excess of costs capitalized into inventory (excess capacity costs). These costs, in addition to the impact of the annual revaluation of inventory to standard costs, and write-offs of inventory are recorded as expenses in the period in which they are incurred, rather than as a portion of inventory costs. The cost of goods sold excludes the cost of insulin purchased under our Insulin Supply Agreement (see Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies). All insulin inventory on hand and the full purchase commitment contract to purchase future insulin was written off as of the end of 2015.

Restricted Cash – The Company records restricted cash when cash and cash equivalents are restricted as to withdrawal or usage. The Company presents amounts of restricted cash that will be available for use within 12 months of the reporting date as restricted cash in current assets. Restricted cash amounts that will not be available for use in the Company’s operations within 12 months of the reporting date are presented as restricted cash in long term assets.

Short-term Investments —The Company’s short-term investments consist of U.S. Treasury securities stated at amortized cost which the Company intends to hold until maturity. Those with maturities less than 12 months are included in short-term investments and any investments with maturities in excess of twelve months are included in long-term investments in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company did not record any material gains or losses on these securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Concentration of Credit Risk — Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are held in high credit quality institutions. Cash equivalents consist of interest-bearing money market accounts and U.S. Treasury securities, which are regularly monitored by management.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts — Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are not interest bearing. Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts if there are estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company makes ongoing assumptions relating to the collectability of its accounts receivable in its calculation of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts receivable are also presented net of an allowance for product returns and trade discounts and allowances because the Company’s customers have the right of setoff for these amounts against the related accounts receivable.

Inventories — Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company determines the cost of inventory using the first-in, first-out, or FIFO, method. The Company capitalizes inventory costs associated with the Company’s products based on management’s judgment that future economic benefits are expected to be realized; otherwise, such costs are expensed as incurred as cost of goods sold. The Company periodically analyzes its inventory levels to identify inventory that may expire or has a cost basis in excess of its estimated realizable value and writes down such inventories, as appropriate. In addition, the Company’s products are subject to strict quality control and monitoring which the Company performs throughout the manufacturing process. If certain batches or units of product no longer meet quality specifications or may become obsolete or are forecasted to become obsolete due to expiration, the Company will record a charge to write down such unmarketable inventory to its estimated net realizable value.

The Company analyzes its inventory levels to identify inventory that may expire or has a cost basis in excess of its estimated realizable value. The Company performs an assessment of projected sales and evaluates the lower of cost or net realizable value and the potential excess inventory on hand at the end of each reporting period.

Recognized Loss on Purchase Commitments — The Company assesses whether losses on long term purchase commitments should be accrued. Losses that are expected to arise from firm, non-cancellable, commitments for the future purchases are recognized unless recoverable. When making the assessment, the Company also considers whether it is able to renegotiate with its vendors. The recognized loss on purchase commitments is reduced as inventory items are received. If, subsequent to an accrual, a purchase commitment is successfully renegotiated, the gain is recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations. The liability balance of the recognized loss on insulin purchase commitments is $89.5 million and $98.3 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. No new contracts were identified in 2019 or 2018 that required a new loss on purchase commitment accrual.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments — The Company applies various valuation approaches in determining the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities within a hierarchy that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows:

Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Contingencies — The Company records a loss contingency for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These accruals represent management’s best estimate of probable loss. Disclosure also is provided when it is reasonably possible that a loss will be incurred or when it is reasonably possible that the amount of a loss will exceed the recorded provision. On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews the status of each significant matter and assesses its potential financial exposure. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether an exposure is reasonably estimable. Because of uncertainties related to these matters, accruals are based only on the best information available at the time. As additional information becomes available, the Company reassesses the potential liability related to pending claims and litigation and may revise its estimates.

Stock-Based Compensation — Share-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options, restricted stock units, performance-based awards and the compensatory elements of employee stock purchase plans, are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations based upon the fair value of the awards at the grant date subject to an estimated forfeiture rate. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model to estimate the grant date fair value of employee stock options and the compensatory elements of employee stock purchase plans. Restricted stock units are valued based on the market price on the grant date. The Company evaluates stock awards with performance conditions as to the probability that the performance conditions will be met and estimates the date at which the performance conditions will be met in order to properly recognize stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period.

Clinical Trial Expenses — Clinical trial expenses, which are primarily reflected in research and development expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, result from obligations under contracts with vendors, consultants and clinical site agreements in connection with conducting clinical trials.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock — Basic net income or loss per share excludes dilution for potentially dilutive securities and is computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income or loss per share reflects the potential dilution under the treasury method that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. For periods where the Company has presented a net loss, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they would be anti-dilutive.

The computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 excludes the common stock equivalents of the following potentially dilutive securities because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive while the Company is in a net loss position:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2019		2018
Vesting of restricted stock units		1,122,283		1,169,340
Employee stock purchase plan		147,675		97,598
Exercise of common stock options		15,361,337		11,431,526
Conversion of Senior Convertible Notes into common stock		1,666,667		3,629,627
Conversion of Promissory Notes into common stock		14,000,000		21,909,541
Exercise of common stock warrants		31,856		31,856
Exercise of warrants associated with Midcap Credit Facility		1,171,614	—
Exercise of warrants associated with public offering		23,333,333		—
Exercise of warrants associated with direct placement	—			14,000,000
Total shares		56,834,765		52,269,488

Leases —The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842 – Leases (“the new lease guidance”) on January 1, 2019. Under Topic 842, the Company is required to recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from most operating leases on the balance sheet and disclose qualitative and quantitative information about its leasing arrangements.

Upon adoption of the new lease guidance, the Company recognized a lease liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use-asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the applicable lease term using the optional transition method. In doing so, the Company elected the package of three practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company also elected the practical expedient that permits not separating lease and non-lease components for all classes of underlying assets. For short-term leases, the Company has elected not to apply the recognition requirements of this guidance. The Company did not elect to use the hindsight practical expedient.

Upon the adoption as of January 1, 2019, the impact on total assets and total liabilities was an increase of $5.2 million. The standard did not materially impact net earnings and had no net impact on cash flow. See Note 11 — Commitments and Contingencies for further information related to leases.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards – From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) or other standard setting bodies that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position or results of operations upon adoption.