Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Provision for Income Taxes

Income (loss) before income tax expense is summarized below (in millions):

	Fiscal Year Ended August 31,
	2025		2024		2023
Domestic	$	(255)	$	(366)	$	(315)
Foreign	1,147		2,117		1,577
Total	$	892	$	1,751	$	1,262

Income tax expense (benefit) is summarized below (in millions):

	Fiscal Year Ended August 31,
	2025		2024		2023
Current:
Domestic – federal	$	(16)	$	—	$	1
Domestic – state	15		5		2
Foreign	356		442		350
Total current	355		447		353
Deferred:
Domestic – federal	(15)		12		(2)
Domestic – state	(5)		(2)		4
Foreign	(100)		(94)		89
Total deferred	(120)		(84)		91
Total income tax expense	$	235	$	363	$	444

Reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is summarized below:

	Fiscal Year Ended August 31,
	2025		2024		2023
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	0.6		(0.3)		0.2
Impact of foreign tax rates(1)	(2.0)		0.1		(1.8)
Permanent differences	(0.3)		0.5		(0.5)
Income tax credits(1)	(1.7)		(0.7)		(0.5)
Valuation allowance(2)	1.0		3.5		1.1
Equity compensation	1.1		(0.4)		0.5
Impact of intercompany charges and dividends	1.9		(0.7)		2.4
Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income	1.4		1.9		0.8
Change in indefinite reinvestment assertion(3)	0.3		0.4		11.7
Divestiture of businesses(4)	2.3		(5.9)		—
Other, net	0.8		1.3		0.3
Effective income tax rate	26.4	%	20.7	%	35.2	%

(1)The Company has been granted tax incentives for various subsidiaries in Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Brazil, and Israel, which primarily expire at various dates through fiscal year 2030 and are subject to certain conditions with which the Company expects to comply. Tax incentives resulted in a tax benefit of approximately $75 million ($0.68 per basic weighted average shares outstanding), $54 million ($0.44 per basic weighted average shares outstanding) and $74 million ($0.56 per basic weighted average shares outstanding) during the fiscal years ended August 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

(2)For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025, the valuation allowance change was primarily due to the change in deferred tax assets for sites with existing valuation allowances.

(3)As a result of certain operations being classified as held for sale, the Company made a change to its indefinite reinvestment assertions for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2023.

(4)For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025, the divestiture of businesses is primarily related to the divestiture of the Italy operations. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024, the divestiture of businesses was related to the sale of the Mobility Business.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are summarized below (in millions):

	August 31, 2025		August 31, 2024
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	227	$	183
Inventories	28		18
Compensated absences	16		14
Accrued expenses	131		109
Property, plant and equipment	34		2
Domestic tax credits	22		45
Foreign jurisdiction tax credits	5		9
Equity compensation	8		11
Domestic interest carryforwards	11		19
Capital loss carryforwards	32		26
Revenue recognition	49		27
Operating and finance lease liabilities	35		40
Other	45		39
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances	643		542
Less valuation allowances	(400)		(368)
Net deferred tax assets	$	243	$	174
Deferred tax liabilities:
Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries	$	38	$	83
Intangible assets	49		29
Operating lease assets	91		81
Other	4		28
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	182	$	221
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	61	$	(47)

Based on the Company’s historical operating income, projection of future taxable income, scheduled reversal of taxable temporary differences, and tax planning strategies, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefit of its deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances recorded.

As of August 31, 2025, the Company intends to indefinitely reinvest the remaining earnings from its foreign subsidiaries for which a deferred tax liability has not already been recorded. The accumulated earnings are the most significant component of the basis difference which is indefinitely reinvested. As of August 31, 2025, the indefinitely reinvested earnings in foreign subsidiaries upon which taxes had not been provided were approximately $1.2 billion. The estimated amount of the unrecognized deferred tax liability on these reinvested earnings was approximately $0.1 billion.

Tax Carryforwards

The amount and expiration dates of income tax net operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and tax capital loss carryforwards, which are available to reduce future taxes, if any, as of August 31, 2025, are as follows (in millions):

	Last Fiscal Year of Expiration	Amount
Income tax net operating loss carryforwards:(1)
Domestic - federal	2037 or indefinite	$	169
Domestic – state	2045 or indefinite	$	60
Foreign	2035 or indefinite	$	680
Tax credit carryforwards:(1)
Domestic – federal	2035	$	18
Domestic – state	2039 or indefinite	$	4
Foreign(2)	2027	$	5
Tax capital loss carryforwards:
Domestic – federal	2030	$	127

(1)Net of unrecognized tax benefits.

(2)Calculated based on the deferral method and includes foreign investment tax credits.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

Reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits is summarized below (in millions):

	Fiscal Year Ended August 31,
	2025		2024		2023
Beginning balance	$	168	$	257	$	253
Additions for tax positions of prior years	8		19		1
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(4)		(21)		(7)
Additions for tax positions related to current year(1)	14		22		23
Additions related to acquired entities	5		—		—
Divestiture of businesses	—		(49)		—
Reductions from lapses in statutes of limitations(2)	(36)		(2)		(8)
Settlements(3)	(13)		(58)		(5)
Ending balance	$	142	$	168	$	257
Unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate (if recognized)	$	89	$	94	$	150

(1)The additions for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 are primarily related to taxation of certain intercompany transactions.

(2)The reductions from lapses in statutes of limitations for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025, are primarily related to intercompany transactions and entitlement to tax credits.

(3)Settlements for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024, primarily relates to the settlement of a U.S. audit.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company’s accrued interest and penalties were approximately $24 million and $17 million as of August 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. The Company recognized interest and penalties of approximately $2 million, ($14 million) and $3 million during the fiscal years ended August 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

It is reasonably possible that the August 31, 2025, unrecognized tax benefits could decrease during the next 12 months by $16 million, primarily related to lapses in statutes of limitations associated with intercompany transactions.

The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal tax examinations for fiscal years before August 31, 2022. In major non-U.S. and state jurisdictions, the Company is no longer subject to income tax examinations for fiscal years before August 31, 2015, and August 31, 2009, respectively.