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Pension, Health Care and Other Postretirement Benefits
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
PENSION, HEALTH CARE AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS PENSION, HEALTH CARE AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
The Company provides pension benefits to substantially all full-time employees through primarily noncontributory defined contribution or defined benefit plans and certain health care and life insurance benefits to domestic active employees and eligible retirees.
Health Care Plans
The Company provides certain domestic health care plans that are contributory and contain cost-sharing features such as deductibles and coinsurance. There were 30,009, 29,016 and 27,782 active employees covered by the benefits under these plans at December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The cost of these benefits for active employees, which includes claims incurred but not reported, amounted to $347.4 million, $336.0 million and $298.8 million for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Defined Contribution Pension Plans
The Company’s annual contribution for its domestic defined contribution pension plan was $88.9 million, $85.3 million and $77.0 million for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The contribution percentage ranges from two percent to seven percent of compensation for covered employees based on an age and service formula. Assets in employee accounts of the domestic defined contribution pension plan are invested in various investment funds as directed by the participants. These investment funds did not own a significant number of shares of the Company’s common stock for any year presented.
The Company’s annual contributions for its foreign defined contribution pension plans, which are based on various percentages of compensation for covered employees up to certain limits, were $19.4 million, $17.9 million and $22.5 million for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Assets in employee accounts of the foreign defined contribution pension plans are invested in various investment funds. These investment funds did not own a significant number of shares of the Company’s common stock for any year presented.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
At December 31, 2022, the domestic defined benefit pension plan was overfunded, with a projected benefit obligation of $91.7 million, fair value of plan assets of $119.4 million and excess plan assets of $27.7 million. The plan was funded in accordance with all applicable regulations at December 31, 2022.
The Company has thirty-four foreign defined benefit pension plans. At December 31, 2022, twenty-seven of the Company’s foreign defined benefit pension plans were unfunded or underfunded, with combined accumulated benefit obligations, projected benefit obligations, fair values of net assets and deficiencies of plan assets of $65.8 million, $78.5 million, $20.0 million and $58.5 million, respectively.
The Company expects to make the following benefit payments for all domestic and foreign defined benefit pension plans: $15.4 million in 2023; $16.4 million in 2024; $17.4 million in 2025; $18.5 million in 2026; $19.4 million in 2027; and $114.9 million in 2028 through 2032. The Company expects to contribute $5.5 million to the foreign plans in 2023.
The estimated net actuarial gains and prior service costs for the defined benefit pension plans that are expected to be amortized from AOCI into net pension costs in 2023 are $(1.1) million and $1.1 million, respectively.
The following table summarizes the components of the net pension costs and AOCI related to the defined benefit pension plans:
Domestic
Defined Benefit Pension Plan		Foreign
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
202220212020202220212020
Net pension cost:
Service cost$4.6 $4.9 $4.4 $6.3 $7.4 $6.8 
Interest cost3.2 2.7 3.2 7.3 5.7 6.9 
Expected return on plan assets(7.6)(7.1)(6.3)(9.4)(9.6)(10.0)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)1.0 1.1 1.4 (0.2)(0.1)
Amortization of actuarial losses0.2 1.5 1.0 
Ongoing pension cost1.2 1.6 2.7 4.2 4.9 4.7 
  Settlement costs (0.3)0.3 0.2 
Net pension cost1.2 1.6 2.7 3.9 5.2 4.9 
Other changes in plan assets and projected benefit
obligation recognized in AOCI (before taxes):
Net actuarial losses (gains) arising during the year5.0 (10.5)(4.5)(29.6)(44.9)7.0 
Prior service cost (credit) arising during the year1.6 1.4 0.2 (0.3)(1.0)(0.5)
Amortization of actuarial losses (0.2)(1.5)(1.0)
Amortization of prior service (cost) credit(1.0)(1.1)(1.4)0.2 0.1
Gain (loss) recognized for settlement 0.3 (0.3)(0.2)
Exchange rate (loss) gain recognized during the year(0.4)(0.6)1.7 
Total recognized in AOCI5.6 (10.2)(5.7)(30.0)(48.2)7.0 
Total recognized in net pension cost and AOCI
$6.8 $(8.6)$(3.0)$(26.1)$(43.0)$11.9 
Service cost is recorded in Cost of goods sold and Selling, general and administrative expense. All other components of Net pension costs are recorded in Other expense (income) - net.
The Company employs a total return investment approach for the domestic and foreign defined benefit pension plan assets. A mix of equities and fixed income investments are used to maximize the long-term return of assets for a prudent level of risk. In determining the expected long-term rate of return on defined benefit pension plan assets, management considers the historical rates of return, the nature of investments and an expectation of future investment strategies. The target allocations for plan assets are 35% – 65% equity securities, 35% – 55% fixed income securities and 0% – 5% other (including alternative investments and cash).
The following tables summarize the fair value of the defined benefit pension plan assets at December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. The presentation is in accordance with the Fair Value Topic of the ASC.
Fair value at December 31, 2022Quoted Prices
in Active Markets for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant 
Other
Observable 
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Investments at fair value:
Equity investments (1)
$80.1 $8.5 $71.6 
Fixed income investments (2)
117.6 117.6 
Other assets (3)
34.4 34.4 
Total investments in fair value hierarchy232.1 $8.5 $223.6 
Investments measured at NAV or its equivalent (4)
110.9 
Total investments$343.0 
Fair value at December 31, 2021Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant 
Other
Observable 
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Investments at fair value:
Equity investments (1)
$133.1 $13.5 $119.6 
Fixed income investments (2)
172.1 172.1 
Other assets (3)
36.7 36.7 
Total investments in fair value hierarchy341.9 $13.5 $328.4 
Investments measured at NAV or its equivalent (4)
141.7 
Total investments$483.6 
Fair value at December 31, 2020Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant 
Other
Observable 
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Investments at fair value:
Equity investments (1)
$134.9 $13.9 $121.0 
Fixed income investments (2)
182.3 24.3 158.0 
Other assets (3)
39.2 39.2 
Total investments in fair value hierarchy356.4 $38.2 $318.2 
Investments measured at NAV or its equivalent (4)
106.1 
Total investments$462.5 
(1)    This category includes actively managed equity assets that track primarily to the S&P 500.
(2)    This category includes government and corporate bonds that track primarily to the Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index.
(3)    This category includes real estate and pooled investment funds.
(4)    This category includes pooled investment funds and private equity funds that are measured at NAV or its equivalent using the practical expedient. Therefore, these investments are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.

The following table summarizes the obligations, plan assets and assumptions used for the defined benefit pension plans, which are all measured as of December 31:
Domestic
Defined Benefit Pension Plan		Foreign
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
202220212020202220212020
Accumulated benefit obligations
at end of year
$90.3 $117.0 $114.2 $209.3 $334.8 $370.2 
Projected benefit obligations:
Balances at beginning of year$120.8 $118.6 $103.0 $362.7 $401.1 $360.7 
Service cost4.6 4.9 4.4 6.3 7.4 6.8 
Interest cost3.2 2.7 3.2 7.3 5.7 6.9 
Actuarial (gains) losses(32.6)(2.8)11.0 (112.4)(26.0)25.3 
Contributions and other1.6 1.4 0.2 3.2 (4.6)(0.1)
Settlements(2.4)(1.7)(4.3)
Effect of foreign exchange(28.8)(9.8)16.0 
Benefits paid(5.9)(4.0)(3.2)(5.5)(9.4)(10.2)
Balances at end of year91.7 120.8 118.6 230.4 362.7 401.1 
Plan assets:
Balances at beginning of year155.2 144.3 125.9 328.4 318.2 288.1 
Actual returns on plan assets(29.9)14.9 21.6 (73.4)27.9 28.9 
Contributions and other5.8 (1.1)5.9 
Settlements(2.4)(1.7)(4.3)
Effect of foreign exchange(29.3)(5.5)9.8 
Benefits paid(5.9)(4.0)(3.2)(5.5)(9.4)(10.2)
Balances at end of year119.4 155.2 144.3 223.6 328.4 318.2 
Excess (deficient) plan assets over
projected benefit obligations
$27.7 $34.4 $25.7 $(6.8)$(34.3)$(82.9)
Assets and liabilities recognized in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Deferred pension assets$27.7 $34.4 $25.7 $51.7 $44.7 $27.4 
Other accruals(3.0)(3.3)(2.5)
Other long-term liabilities(55.5)(75.7)(107.8)
$27.7 $34.4 $25.7 $(6.8)$(34.3)$(82.9)
Amounts recognized in AOCI:
Net actuarial gains (losses)$8.0 $13.0 $2.5 $31.7 $1.9 $(45.4)
Prior service (costs) credits(7.1)(6.5)(6.2)1.6 1.4 0.5 
$0.9 $6.5 $(3.7)$33.3 $3.3 $(44.9)
Weighted-average assumptions used to
determine projected benefit obligations:
Discount rate5.27 %3.12 %2.85 %5.06 %2.26 %1.63 %
Rate of compensation increase3.00 %3.00 %3.00 %3.39 %3.25 %2.91 %
Weighted-average assumptions used to
determine net pension cost:
Discount rate3.12 %2.85 %3.44 %2.26 %1.63 %2.17 %
Expected long-term rate of
return on assets
5.00 %5.00 %5.00 %3.19 %3.17 %3.62 %
Rate of compensation increase3.00 %3.00 %3.00 %3.25 %2.91 %3.09 %

Other Postretirement Benefits
Employees of the Company hired in the United States prior to January 1, 1993 who are not members of a collective bargaining unit, and certain groups of employees added through acquisitions, are eligible for health care and life insurance benefits upon retirement, subject to the terms of the unfunded plans. There were 3,409, 3,410 and 3,465 retired employees covered by these postretirement benefits at December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The following table summarizes the obligation and the assumptions used for other postretirement benefits:
Other Postretirement Benefits
202220212020
Benefit obligation:
Balance at beginning of year - unfunded$276.4 $291.6 $280.5 
Service cost1.2 1.4 1.5 
Interest cost6.0 4.9 7.6 
Actuarial (gain) loss(54.5)(4.1)19.7 
Plan amendments(62.8)(2.2)1.0 
Benefits paid(12.5)(15.2)(18.7)
Balance at end of year - unfunded$153.8 $276.4 $291.6 
Liabilities recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Other accruals$(14.5)$(17.0)$(16.0)
Postretirement benefits other than pensions(139.3)(259.4)(275.6)
$(153.8)$(276.4) $(291.6)
Amounts recognized in AOCI:
Net actuarial gains (losses)$4.7 $(54.0)$(62.8)
Prior service credits (cost)64.0 1.6 (0.9)
$68.7 $(52.4)$(63.7)
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:
Discount rate5.16 %2.83 %2.49 %
Health care cost trend rate - pre-656.25 %6.38 %6.06 %
Health care cost trend rate - post-655.50 %5.13 %5.13 %
Prescription drug cost increases8.25 %8.25 %8.25 %
Employer Group Waiver Plan (EGWP) trend rateN/A8.25 %8.25 %
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount rate2.83 %2.49 %3.22 %
Health care cost trend rate - pre-656.38 %6.06 %6.38 %
Health care cost trend rate - post-655.13 %5.13 %5.25 %
Prescription drug cost increases8.25 %8.25 %9.00 %
The following table summarizes the components of the net periodic benefit cost and AOCI related to postretirement benefits other than pensions:
Other Postretirement Benefits
202220212020
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost$1.2 $1.4 $1.5 
Interest cost6.0 4.9 7.6 
Amortization of actuarial losses4.2 4.7 2.0 
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost(0.4)0.3 (1.1)
Net periodic benefit cost 11.0 11.3 10.0 
Other changes in projected benefit obligation recognized in
AOCI (before taxes):
Net actuarial (gain) loss arising during the year(54.5)(4.1)19.7 
Prior service (credit) cost arising during the year(62.8)(2.2)0.9 
Amortization of actuarial losses(4.2)(4.7)(2.0)
Amortization of prior service credit (cost)0.4 (0.3)1.1 
Total recognized in AOCI(121.1)(11.3)19.7 
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and AOCI$(110.1)$— $29.7 
The estimated net actuarial losses and prior service credits for other postretirement benefits that are expected to be amortized from AOCI into net periodic benefit cost in 2023 are $0.1 million and $(24.0) million, respectively.
The assumed health care cost trend rate and prescription drug cost increases used to determine the net periodic benefit cost for postretirement health care benefits for 2023 both decrease in each successive year until reaching 4.5% in 2032.
The Company expects to make retiree health care benefit cash payments as follows:
2023$14.5 
202415.0 
202515.5 
202615.4 
202714.9 
2028 through 203259.3 
Total expected benefit cash payments$134.6