INCOME TAXES

The jurisdictional components of income before taxes consist of the following:



	December 31,
(in thousands)	2011		2010		2009
Income before income taxes:
Domestic	$	28,118	$	15,639	$	13,381
Foreign	19,139		13,393		17,725
	$	47,257	$	29,032	$	31,106

The components of income tax expense (benefit) consist of the following:



	December 31,
(in thousands)	2011		2010			2009
Current:
Domestic	$	7,774	$	8,995		$	(1,059	)
Foreign	5,424		3,851			5,017
State	1,139		1,453			(381		)
	14,337		14,299			3,577
Deferred:
Domestic	397		(5,308		)	8,017
Foreign	331		(284		)	(641		)
State	122		(792		)	1,520
	850		(6,384		)	8,896
Total income taxes	$	15,187	$	7,915		$	12,473

The difference between income tax expense (benefit) for financial statement purposes and the amount of income tax expense computed by applying the domestic statutory income tax rate of 34% to income loss before income taxes consist of the following:



	December 31,
(in thousands)	2011			2010			2009
Domestic statutory rate at 34%	$	16,067		$	9,871		$	10,576
Increase (reduction) from:
Jurisdictional rate differences	(1,273		)	(986		)	(581		)
Goodwill impairment	633			—			2,686
Valuation allowance	—			—			(793		)
Stock based compensation	161			135			138
U.S. state taxes	740			436			746
Domestic Production Deduction	(796		)	(744		)	(50		)
R&E Credit Reserve	(252		)	(1,068		)	—
Other, net	(93		)	271			(249		)
Provision for income taxes	$	15,187		$	7,915		$	12,473
Effective tax rate	32		%	27		%	40		%

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. The components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following:



	December 31,
(in thousands)	2011			2010
Deferred income tax assets:
Inventory basis difference	$	1,464		$	1,219
Accounts receivable reserve	320			665
Stock based compensation	518			325
Pension liability	3,839			2,717
Employee benefit accrual	382			347
Environmental reserve	450			568
Product liability and warranty reserves	797			1,035
Derivative liability	—			88
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes	—			547
Foreign net operating loss	374			613
State net operating loss	279			—

Total deferred income tax assets	$	8,423		$	8,124

Deferred income tax liabilities:
Inventory basis differences	$	(246	)	$	—
Depreciation	(3,924		)	(5,444		)
Intangible assets	(710		)	(435		)
Deferred revenue	(218		)	(289		)
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes	(397		)	(338		)

Total deferred income tax liabilities	$	(5,495	)	$	(6,506	)

Net deferred income tax assets	$	2,928		$	1,618

As of December 31, 2011, the Company had foreign deferred tax assets consisting of foreign net operating losses and other tax benefits available to reduce future taxable income in a foreign jurisdiction. These foreign jurisdictions' net operating loss carryforwards are in the approximate amount of $4.9 million with an unlimited carryforward period. The Company also has U.S. state net operating loss carryforwards in the approximate amount of $5.6 million which expire from 2014 to 2028.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Based on the expectation of future taxable income and that the deductible temporary differences will offset existing taxable temporary differences, the Company believes it is more likely than not that it will realize the benefits of these deductible differences.

Deferred income taxes have not been provided on the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and the respective tax bases of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, based on the determination that such differences are essentially permanent in duration in that the earnings of the subsidiaries are expected to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. As of December 31, 2011, the cumulative undistributed earnings of these subsidiaries approximated $115,625,000. If these earnings were not considered indefinitely reinvested, deferred income taxes would have been recorded after the consideration of foreign tax credits. At this time, it is not practicable to estimate the amount of additional income taxes that might be payable on those earnings, if distributed.

The Company adopted the provisions of FASB ASC Section 740-10-25 (formerly FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”) on January 1, 2007. During the 3rd quarter of 2010, the Company completed a research and development credit study (R&D study) related to prior year tax returns. The R&D study resulted in tax credits of approximately $1,1000,000. The Company has recorded an unrecognized tax benefit in the amount of $193,000 as of December 31, 2010. In 2011, the Company recorded an additional R&D tax credit of $252,000 for federal and $164,000 for state, and recorded an additional unrecognized tax benefit of approximately $42,000 that if recognized would affect our annual effective tax rate. We do not expect our unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next 12 months.



	December 31,
(in thousands)	2011		2010
Balance as of beginning of year	$	193,000	$	—
Addition for tax positions related to the current year	42,000		193,000
Reductions for tax positions related to prior years	—		—
Balance as of end of year	$	235,000	$	193,000

The Company adopted the policy to include interest and penalty expense related to income taxes as interest and other expense, respectively. As of December 31, 2011, no interest or penalties has been or is required to be accrued. The Company’s open tax years for its federal and state income tax returns are for the tax years ended 2006 through 2011.