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Cash and Cash Equivalents, Investments, and Funds Held for Customers
 6 Months Ended
Jan. 31, 2022
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Investments and Funds Held for Customers [Abstract]  
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Investments, and Funds Held For Customers
3. Cash and Cash Equivalents, Investments, and Funds Held for Customers
We consider highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. In all periods presented, cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds and time deposits. Investments consist primarily of investment-grade available-for-sale debt securities. Funds held for customers represent cash held on behalf of our customers that is invested in cash and cash equivalents and investment-grade available-for-sale securities, restricted for use solely for the purpose of satisfying amounts we owe on behalf of our customers. Except for direct obligations of the United States government, securities issued by agencies of the United States government, and money market funds, we diversify our investments in debt securities by limiting our holdings with any individual issuer.
The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents, investments, and funds held for customers by balance sheet classification at the dates indicated.
 January 31, 2022July 31, 2021
(In millions)Amortized
Cost		Fair ValueAmortized
Cost		Fair Value
Classification on condensed consolidated balance sheets:    
Cash and cash equivalents$1,257 $1,257 $2,562 $2,562 
Investments158 157 1,305 1,308 
Funds held for customers378 375 456 457 
Total cash and cash equivalents, investments, and funds
held for customers		$1,793 $1,789 $4,323 $4,327 
The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents, investments, and funds held for customers by investment category at the dates indicated.
 January 31, 2022July 31, 2021
(In millions)Amortized
Cost		Fair ValueAmortized
Cost		Fair Value
Type of issue:    
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash,
and restricted cash equivalents		$1,433 $1,433 $2,819 $2,819 
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Municipal bonds— — 37 38 
Corporate notes327 324 1,397 1,400 
U.S. agency securities33 32 70 70 
Total available-for-sale debt securities360 356 1,504 1,508 
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted cash equivalents, and investments$1,793 $1,789 $4,323 $4,327 
We use the specific identification method to compute gains and losses on investments. We include realized gains and losses on our available-for-sale debt securities in interest and other income on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Gross realized gains and losses on our available-for-sale debt securities for the six months ended January 31, 2022 and January 31, 2021 were not significant.
We accumulate unrealized gains and losses on our available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss in the stockholders’ equity section of our condensed consolidated balance sheets, except for certain unrealized losses described below. Gross unrealized gains and losses on our available-for-sale debt securities at January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021 were not significant.
For available-for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, we determine whether a credit loss exists. The estimate of the credit loss is determined by considering available information relevant to the collectibility of the security and information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for credit loss is recorded to interest and other income on our condensed consolidated statement of operations, not to exceed the amount of the unrealized loss. Any excess unrealized loss greater than the credit loss at a security level is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss in the stockholders' equity section of our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We determined there were no credit losses related to available-for-sale securities as of January 31, 2022. Unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities at January 31, 2022 were not significant. We do not intend to sell these investments. In addition, it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell them before recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity.
The following table summarizes our available-for-sale debt securities, included in investments and funds held for customers, classified by the stated maturity date of the security at the dates indicated.
 January 31, 2022July 31, 2021
(In millions)Amortized
Cost		Fair ValueAmortized
Cost		Fair Value
Due within one year$102 $102 $551 $553 
Due within two years189 187 550 551 
Due within three years68 66 398 398 
Due after three years1 1 5 6 
Total available-for-sale debt securities$360 $356 $1,504 $1,508 

The following table summarizes our funds held for customers by investment category at the dates indicated.
(In millions)January 31, 2022July 31,
2021
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents$176 $257 
Restricted available-for-sale debt securities199 200 
Total funds held for customers$375 $457 
(In millions)January 31, 2021July 31,
2020
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents$226 $255 
Restricted available-for-sale debt securities200 200 
Total funds held for customers$426 $455