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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Total share-based compensation expense
The following table summarizes the total share-based compensation expense that we recorded in operating income for the periods shown.
 Twelve Months Ended July 31,
(In millions except per share amounts)202120202019
Cost of product revenue$1 $1 $1 
Cost of service and other revenue68 59 57 
Selling and marketing183 116 103 
Research and development281 151 136 
General and administrative220 108 104 
Total share-based compensation expense 753 435 401 
Income tax benefit(269)(173)(200)
Decrease in net income$484 $262 $201 
Decrease in net income per share:   
Basic$1.79 $1.00 $0.77 
Diluted$1.77 $0.99 $0.76 
Assumptions to estimate the fair value of stock options granted and shares purchased under Employee Stock Purchase Plan
We used the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of stock options granted and shares purchased under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan for the periods indicated:
 Twelve Months Ended July 31,
202120202019
Assumptions for stock options:  
Expected volatility (range)29 %32 %
26% - 27%
Weighted average expected volatility29 %32 %27 %
Risk-free interest rate (range)0.62 %0.20 %
1.84% - 2.92%
Expected dividend yield0.45 %0.70 %
0.67% - 0.85%
Assumptions for ESPP:   
Expected volatility (range)
31% - 36%
23% - 72%
21% - 33%
Weighted average expected volatility34 %39 %26 %
Risk-free interest rate (range)
0.02% - 0.17%
0.24% - 2.23%
1.94% - 2.44%
Expected dividend yield
0.60% - 0.75%
0.74% - 0.95%
0.73% - 0.95%
Share-based awards available for grant
A summary of share-based awards available for grant under our plans for the fiscal periods indicated was as follows:
(Shares in thousands)Shares
Available
for Grant
Balance at July 31, 201822,791 
Restricted stock units granted (1)
(5,639)
Options granted(487)
Share-based awards canceled/forfeited/expired (1)(2)
4,393 
Balance at July 31, 201921,058 
Restricted stock units granted (1)
(6,111)
Options granted(382)
Share-based awards canceled/forfeited/expired (1)(2)
3,482 
Balance at July 31, 202018,047 
Shares available for grant under the Credit Karma Plan4,298 
Restricted stock units granted (1)
(9,191)
Options granted(323)
Share-based awards canceled/forfeited/expired (1)(2)
4,020 
Balance at July 31, 202116,851 
(1)RSUs granted from the pool of shares available for grant under our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan reduce the pool by 2.3 shares for each share granted. RSUs forfeited and returned to the pool of shares available for grant under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan increase the pool by 2.3 shares for each share forfeited. Shares granted from the Credit Karma Plan reduce the pool by one share for each share granted. Shares forfeited and returned to the pool from the Credit Karma Plan increase the pool by one share for each share forfeited
(2)Stock options and RSUs canceled, expired or forfeited under our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and Credit Karma Plan are returned to the pool of shares available for grant. Under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan, shares withheld for income taxes upon vesting of RSUs that were granted on or after July 21, 2016 are also returned to the pool of shares available for grant. Stock options and RSUs canceled, expired or forfeited under older expired plans are not returned to the pool of shares available for grant. Under the Credit Karma Plan, shares withheld for income taxes are also returned to the pool of shares available for grant.
Summary of restricted stock unit activity
A summary of restricted stock unit (RSU) and restricted stock activity for the periods indicated was as follows:
(Shares in thousands)Number
of Shares		Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at July 31, 20187,383 $131.50 
Granted2,452 245.40 
Vested(3,123)129.31 
Forfeited(1,029)107.40 
Nonvested at July 31, 20195,683 186.22 
Granted2,657 271.80 
Vested(2,039)180.40 
Forfeited(637)154.91 
Nonvested at July 31, 20205,664 231.97 
Assumed through acquisition1,998 355.49 
Granted(1)
3,877 431.82 
Restricted stock subject to revest provisions issued in connection with acquisition775 355.49 
Vested(2,242)262.23 
Forfeited(1,034)251.41 
Nonvested at July 31, 20219,038 $345.86 
(1)This includes 809,000 RSUSs granted to the employees of Credit Karma in connection with the acquisition with a grant date fair value of $300 million. See Note 6, “Business Combinations.”
Additional information regarding RSUs
Additional information regarding our RSUs is shown in the table below.
Twelve Months Ended July 31,
(In millions)202120202019
Total fair market value of shares vested$942 $620 $676 
Share-based compensation for RSUs$708 $382 $351 
Total tax benefit related to RSU share-based compensation expense$225 $134 $141 
Cash tax benefits realized for tax deductions for RSUs$221 $139 $150 
Stock option activity
A summary of stock option activity for the periods indicated was as follows:
 Options Outstanding
(Shares in thousands)Number of
Shares		Weighted Average
Exercise Price
Per Share
Balance at July 31, 20185,154 $120.26 
Granted487 274.26 
Exercised(1,924)102.49 
Canceled or expired(343)138.59 
Balance at July 31, 20193,374 150.75 
Granted382 303.94 
Exercised(993)111.82 
Canceled or expired(82)188.39 
Balance at July 31, 20202,681 185.83 
Granted323 525.51 
Exercised(718)128.39 
Canceled or expired(82)264.53 
Balance at July 31, 20212,204 $251.48 
Stock options outstanding
Information regarding stock options outstanding as of July 31, 2021 is summarized below:
Number
of Shares
(in thousands)
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
(in Years)    
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price per
Share      
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions)    
Options outstanding2,204 4.33$251.48 $614 
Options exercisable1,358 3.31$173.90 $483 
Additional information regarding stock options and ESPP shares
Additional information regarding our stock options and ESPP shares is shown in the table below.
Twelve Months Ended July 31,
(In millions except per share amounts)202120202019
Weighted average fair value of options granted (per share)$122.16 $74.85 $63.18 
Total grant date fair value of options vested$17 $23 $30 
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised$179 $159 $248 
Share-based compensation expense for stock options and ESPP$45 $53 $50 
Total tax benefit for stock option and ESPP share-based compensation$44 $39 $59 
Cash received from option exercises$92 $111 $197 
Cash tax benefits realized related to tax deductions for non-qualified option exercises and disqualifying dispositions under all share-based payment arrangements$48 $39 $58 
Components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes
The following table shows the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes, in the stockholders’ equity section of our consolidated balance sheets at the dates indicated.
July 31,
(In millions)20212020
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale debt securities$3 $6 
Foreign currency translation adjustments(27)(38)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss$(24)$(32)