For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, we recognized $2.0 million and $3.5 million, respectively, of restructuring costs related to our initiatives to better leverage our fixed cost base through growth and cost reduction measures. The cumulative expense incurred as of March 31, 2025 was $66.7 million.

As of March 31, 2025, we have recorded the following activity associated with our optimization initiatives:


	Beginning Reserve at December 31, 2024		Net Charges for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025		Cash Paid		Interest and FX Impact		Ending Reserve at March 31, 2025
Employee severance	$	9,161	$	192	$	(1,490)	$	275	$	8,138
Professional fees and other costs	796		1,850		(1,834)		(8)		804
Totals	$	9,957	$	2,042	$	(3,324)	$	267	$	8,942

As of March 31, 2024, we have recorded the following activity associated with our optimization initiatives:


	Beginning Reserve at December 31, 2023		Net Charges for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024		Cash Paid		Interest and FX Impact		Ending Reserve at March 31, 2024
Employee severance	$	27,078	$	1,743	$	(4,453)	$	151	$	24,519
Professional fees and other costs	2,810		1,754		(1,101)		(14)		3,449
Totals	$	29,888	$	3,497	$	(5,554)	$	137	$	27,968