Segment information

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment information

Segment information

Chubb operates through six business segments: North America Commercial P&C Insurance, North America Personal P&C Insurance, North America Agricultural Insurance, Overseas General Insurance, Global Reinsurance, and Life Insurance. These segments distribute their products through various forms of brokers, agencies, and direct marketing programs. All business segments have established relationships with reinsurance intermediaries.

Segment performance is reviewed by the Chief Executive Officer of Chubb Ltd, our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). The CODM is ultimately responsible for evaluating the performance of our six business segments, making strategic operating decisions, and allocating resources. The financial results of our operations are reported in a manner consistent with results reviewed by the CODM in reviewing and assessing the performance of our six business segments. Excluding our Life Insurance segment, the CODM uses Underwriting income (loss) as a basis for segment performance. Chubb calculates Underwriting income (loss) by subtracting Losses and loss expenses, Policy benefits, Policy acquisition costs, and Administrative expenses from Net premiums earned. For both our P&C and Life Insurance segments, another measure of segment performance is Segment income (loss). Segment income (loss) includes Underwriting income (loss), Net investment income (loss), amortization of purchased intangibles acquired by the segment, and other operating income and expense items such as each segment's share of the operating income (loss) related to partially-owned entities, and miscellaneous income and expense items for which the segments are held accountable. We determined that this definition of Segment income (loss) is appropriate and aligns with how the business is managed. We continue to evaluate our segments as our business continues to evolve and may further refine our segments and Segment income (loss) measures.

Revenue and expenses managed at the corporate level, including Net realized gains (losses), Market risk benefits gains (losses), Interest expense, Integration expenses, Income tax expense, and Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests are reported within Corporate. Integration expenses are one-time costs that are directly attributable to third-party consulting fees, employee-related retention costs, and other professional and legal fees primarily related to the acquisition of Cigna's business in Asia. These items are not allocated to the segment level as they are one-time in nature and are not related to the ongoing business activities of the segment. The CODM does not manage segment results or allocate resources to segments when considering these costs, and therefore Integration expenses are excluded from our definition of Segment income (loss).

Certain items are presented in a different manner for segment reporting purposes than in the Consolidated Financial Statements, including:

•Losses and loss expenses include realized gains and losses on crop derivatives. These derivatives were purchased to provide economic benefit, in a manner similar to reinsurance protection, in the event that a significant decline in commodity pricing impacts underwriting results. We view gains and losses on these derivatives as part of the results of our underwriting operations, and therefore, realized gains (losses) from these derivatives are reclassified to losses and loss expenses.

•Policy benefits include fair value changes on separate accounts that do not qualify for separate accounting under U.S. GAAP. These gains and losses have been reclassified from Other (income) expense to Policy benefits. Policy benefits also include the impact of realized gains and losses on investment portfolios supporting certain participating policies. These realized gains and losses have been reclassified from net realized gains (losses) to policy benefits. This presentation better reflects the gains and losses from fair value changes in separate account assets and liabilities, and

the economics of the participating policies by connecting the investment performance that is shared with policyholders to the liability.

•Net investment income includes investment income reclassified from Other (income) expense related to partially-owned investment companies (private equity partnerships) where our ownership interest is in excess of three percent. We view investment income from these equity-method private equity partnerships as Net investment income for segment reporting purposes.

The following tables present the Statement of Operations by segment:

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 (in millions of U.S. dollars)	North America Commercial P&C Insurance		North America Personal P&C Insurance		North America Agricultural Insurance		Overseas General Insurance		Global Reinsurance		Life Insurance		Total
Net premiums written	$	5,723	$	1,938	$	733	$	3,620	$	380	$	1,802	$	14,196
Net premiums earned	5,177		1,681		598		3,542		338		1,789		13,125
Losses and loss expenses	3,258		822		483		1,789		132		20
Policy benefits	—		—		—		129		—		1,249
Policy acquisition costs	705		332		48		913		98		319
Administrative expenses	357		82		2		369		10		199
Underwriting income	857		445		65		342		98		NM
Net investment income	938		118		19		278		85		274
Other (income) expense	8		—		—		5		—		(37)
Amortization of purchased intangibles	2		2		6		19		—		8
Segment income	$	1,785	$	561	$	78	$	596	$	183	$	305	$	3,508
Net realized gains (losses)													160
Market risk benefits gains (losses)													(17)
Interest expense													181
Integration expenses													2
Corporate underwriting loss													(176)
Corporate net investment loss													(29)
Corporate other (income) expense													(528)
Corporate amortization of purchased intangibles													37
Other reclassification													(38)
Income before income tax													$	3,716

NM – not meaningful. Underwriting income is not used as a basis for segment performance for the Life Insurance segment.

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 (in millions of U.S. dollars)	North America Commercial P&C Insurance		North America Personal P&C Insurance		North America Agricultural Insurance		Overseas General Insurance		Global Reinsurance		Life Insurance		Total
Net premiums written	$	5,501	$	1,776	$	758	$	3,334	$	411	$	1,580	$	13,360
Net premiums earned	4,900		1,512		626		3,347		339		1,568		12,292
Losses and loss expenses	3,074		876		543		1,671		155		22
Policy benefits	—		—		—		92		—		1,031
Policy acquisition costs	660		299		45		842		80		300
Administrative expenses	327		88		3		348		11		218
Underwriting income	839		249		35		394		93		NM
Net investment income	863		108		21		283		58		258
Other (income) expense	15		(2)		—		4		—		(32)
Amortization of purchased intangibles	—		2		7		20		—		11
Segment income	$	1,687	$	357	$	49	$	653	$	151	$	276	$	3,173
Net realized gains (losses)													104
Market risk benefits gains (losses)													(29)
Interest expense													182
Integration expenses													7
Corporate underwriting loss													(192)
Corporate net investment loss													(32)
Corporate other (income) expense													7
Corporate amortization of purchased intangibles													40
Other reclassification													(82)
Income before income tax													$	2,706

NM – not meaningful. Underwriting income is not used as a basis for segment performance for the Life Insurance segment.

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 (in millions of U.S. dollars)	North America Commercial P&C Insurance		North America Personal P&C Insurance		North America Agricultural Insurance		Overseas General Insurance		Global Reinsurance		Life Insurance		Total
Net premiums written	$	10,510	$	3,490	$	1,009	$	7,523	$	788	$	3,522	$	26,842
Net premiums earned	10,165		3,255		763		6,751		706		3,485		25,125
Losses and loss expenses	6,289		2,915		575		3,186		374		46
Policy benefits	—		—		—		242		—		2,412
Policy acquisition costs	1,424		662		65		1,750		198		629
Administrative expenses	701		169		4		699		20		401
Underwriting income (loss)	1,751		(491)		119		874		114		NM
Net investment income	1,867		238		43		559		155		545
Other (income) expense	16		1		1		11		—		(72)
Amortization of purchased intangibles	3		4		12		38		—		18
Segment income (loss)	$	3,599	$	(258)	$	149	$	1,384	$	269	$	596	$	5,739
Net realized gains (losses)													44
Market risk benefits gains (losses)													(109)
Interest expense													362
Integration expenses													2
Corporate underwriting loss													(295)
Corporate net investment loss													(56)
Corporate other (income) expense													(495)
Corporate amortization of purchased intangibles													74
Income before income tax													$	5,380

NM – not meaningful. Underwriting income is not used as a basis for segment performance for the Life Insurance segment.

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 (in millions of U.S. dollars)	North America Commercial P&C Insurance		North America Personal P&C Insurance		North America Agricultural Insurance		Overseas General Insurance		Global Reinsurance		Life Insurance		Total
Net premiums written	$	10,190	$	3,232	$	1,007	$	7,169	$	770	$	3,213	$	25,581
Net premiums earned	9,780		2,983		754		6,545		634		3,179		23,875
Losses and loss expenses	6,249		1,775		592		3,097		292		54
Policy benefits	—		—		—		192		—		2,101
Policy acquisition costs	1,348		599		66		1,665		161		594
Administrative expenses	655		174		5		679		20		425
Underwriting income	1,528		435		91		912		161		NM
Net investment income	1,689		210		42		550		115		488
Other (income) expense	22		(1)		—		9		—		(72)
Amortization of purchased intangibles	—		4		13		40		—		21
Segment income	$	3,195	$	642	$	120	$	1,413	$	276	$	544	$	6,190
Net realized gains (losses)													3
Market risk benefits gains (losses)													(8)
Interest expense													360
Integration expenses													14
Corporate underwriting loss													(309)
Corporate net investment loss													(58)
Corporate other (income) expense													(61)
Corporate amortization of purchased intangibles													82
Other reclassification													(81)
Income before income tax													$	5,342

NM – not meaningful. Underwriting income is not used as a basis for segment performance for the Life Insurance segment.

Underwriting assets are reviewed in total by management for purposes of decision-making. Other than certain insurance related balances, Goodwill and Other intangible assets, Chubb does not allocate assets to its segments.