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Policyholders' account balances, Separate accounts, and Unearned revenue liabilities (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Policyholder Account Balance [Abstract]  
Policyholder Account Balances
Policyholders' account balances
The following tables present a roll-forward of policyholders' account balances:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
(in millions of U.S. dollars)Universal Life
Annuities (2)
Other (3)
Total
Balance – beginning of period$1,876 $2,411 $2,502 $6,789 
Premiums received 204 294 320 818 
Policy charges (1)
(98) (7)(105)
Surrenders and withdrawals(95)(30)(202)(327)
Benefit payments (4)
(59)(116)(40)(215)
Interest credited38 29 41 108 
Other (including foreign exchange)3 20 (223)(200)
Balance – end of period$1,869 $2,608 $2,391 $6,868 
Unearned revenue liability712 
Other556 
Policyholders' account liability, per consolidated balance sheet$8,136 
(1)Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
(2)Relates to Huatai Life.
(3)Primarily comprises policyholder account balances related to investment linked products including endowment and investment contracts, none of which bear significant insurance risk.
(4)Includes benefit payments upon maturity as well as death benefits.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(in millions of U.S. dollars)Universal Life
Annuities (2)
Other (3)
Total
Balance – beginning of period$1,199 $— $1,374 $2,573 
Consolidation of Huatai Group602 2,325 1,087 4,014 
Premiums received 174 79 165 418 
Policy charges (1)
(96)— (8)(104)
Surrenders and withdrawals(62)(8)(113)(183)
Benefit payments (4)
(6)(38)(43)(87)
Interest credited30 16 22 68 
Other (including foreign exchange)(56)(34)(35)(125)
Balance – end of period$1,785 $2,340 $2,449 $6,574 
Unearned revenue liability604 
Policyholders' account liability, per consolidated balance sheet$7,178 
(1)Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
(2)Relates to Huatai Life.
(3)Primarily comprises policyholder account balances related to investment linked products including endowment and investment contracts, none of which bear significant insurance risk.
(4)Includes benefit payments upon maturity as well as death benefits.

September 30
20242023
(in millions of U.S. dollars, except for percentages)Universal LifeAnnuitiesOtherUniversal LifeAnnuitiesOther
Weighted-average crediting rate2.7 %1.6 %2.7 %3.1 %2.7 %1.2 %
Net amount at risk (1)
$12,648 $ $440 $11,705 $— $576 
Cash Surrender Value$1,699 $1,691 $2,091 $1,573 $1,474 $2,173 
(1)For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rates
The following tables present the balance of account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimum:

Universal Life
September 30, 2024
(in millions of U.S. dollars)At Guaranteed Minimum1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points AboveGreater Than 150 Basis Points AboveTotal
Guaranteed minimum crediting rates
 Up to 2.00%
$464 $ $47 $92 $603 
 2.01% – 4.00%
249 371 633  1,253 
Greater than 4.00%
13    13 
Total$726 $371 $680 $92 $1,869 
September 30, 2023
(in millions of U.S. dollars)At Guaranteed Minimum1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points AboveGreater Than 150 Basis Points AboveTotal
Guaranteed minimum crediting rates
 Up to 2.00%
$421 $— $30 $11 $462 
 2.01% – 4.00%
80 330 559 333 1,302 
Greater than 4.00%
21 — — — 21 
Total$522 $330 $589 $344 $1,785 

Annuities
September 30, 2024
(in millions of U.S. dollars)At Guaranteed Minimum1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points AboveGreater Than 150 Basis Points AboveTotal
Guaranteed minimum crediting rates
 Up to 2.00%
$72 $ $1,645 $47 $1,764 
 2.01% – 4.00%
844    844 
Greater than 4.00%
     
Total$916 $ $1,645 $47 $2,608 

September 30, 2023
(in millions of U.S. dollars)At Guaranteed Minimum1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points AboveGreater Than 150 Basis Points AboveTotal
Guaranteed minimum crediting rates
 Up to 2.00%
$693 $— $1,543 $— $2,236 
 2.01% – 4.00%
104 — — — 104 
Greater than 4.00%
— — — — — 
Total$797 $— $1,543 $— $2,340 

Other policyholders' account balances
September 30, 2024
(in millions of U.S. dollars)At Guaranteed Minimum1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points AboveGreater Than 150 Basis Points AboveTotal
Guaranteed minimum crediting rates
 Up to 2.00%
$349 $2 $214 $459 $1,024 
 2.01% – 4.00%
1,317 50   1,367 
Greater than 4.00%
     
Total$1,666 $52 $214 $459 $2,391 
September 30, 2023
(in millions of U.S. dollars)At Guaranteed Minimum1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points AboveGreater Than 150 Basis Points AboveTotal
Guaranteed minimum crediting rates
 Up to 2.00%
$738 $— $230 $545 $1,513 
 2.01% – 4.00%
373 531 27 — 931 
Greater than 4.00%
— — — 
Total$1,116 $531 $257 $545 $2,449 
Fair Value, Separate Account Investment
The following table presents the aggregate fair value of Separate account assets, by major security type:
September 30September 30
(in millions of U.S. dollars)20242023
Cash and cash equivalents $75 $88 
Mutual funds 5,844 5,129 
Fixed maturities77 89 
Total$5,996 $5,306 
Separate Account, Liability
The following table presents a roll-forward of separate account liabilities:
Nine Months Ended
September 30
(in millions of U.S. dollars)20242023
Balance – beginning of period$5,573 $5,190 
Premiums and deposits945 724 
Policy charges(118)(103)
Surrenders and withdrawals(666)(407)
Benefit payments(320)(291)
Investment performance625 382 
Other (including foreign exchange)(43)(189)
Balance – end of period$5,996 $5,306 
Cash surrender value (1)
$5,790 $5,285 
(1)Cash surrender value represents the amount of the policyholders account balances distributable at the balance sheet date less certain surrender charges.
Unearned revenue liabilities The following table presents a roll-forward of unearned revenue liabilities:
Nine Months Ended
September 30
(in millions of U.S. dollars)
2024
2023
Balance – beginning of period$673 $567 
Deferred revenue106 96 
Amortization(54)(44)
Other (including foreign exchange)(13)(15)
Balance – end of period$712 $604