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Shareholders' equity
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Shareholders' equity Shareholders’ equity
All of Chubb’s Common Shares are authorized under Swiss corporate law. Though the par value of Common Shares is stated in Swiss francs, Chubb continues to use U.S. dollars as its reporting currency for preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements. Under Swiss corporate law, dividends, including distributions from legal reserves or through a reduction in par value (par value reduction), must be stated in Swiss francs though dividend payments are made by Chubb in U.S. dollars. At September 30, 2024, our Common Shares had a par value of CHF 0.50 per share.

At our May 2024 annual general meeting, our shareholders approved an annual dividend for the following year of up to $3.64 per share, expected to be paid in four quarterly installments of $0.91 per share after the general meeting by way of distribution from capital contribution reserves, transferred to free reserves for payment. The Board of Directors (Board) will determine the record and payment dates at which the annual dividend may be paid until the date of 2025 annual general meeting, and is authorized to abstain from distributing a dividend at its discretion.

At our May 2023 and 2022 annual general meetings, our shareholders approved annual dividends for the following year of up to $3.44 per share and $3.32 per share, respectively, which were paid in four quarterly installments of $0.86 per share and $0.83 per share, respectively, at dates determined by the Board after the annual general meetings by way of a distribution from capital contribution reserves, transferred to free reserves for payment.

The following table presents dividend distributions per Common Share in Swiss francs (CHF) and U.S. dollars (USD):


Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30September 30
2024202320242023
CHFUSDCHFUSDCHFUSDCHFUSD
Total dividend distributions per common share0.78 $0.91 0.75 $0.86 2.35 $2.68 2.29 $2.55 

Increases in Common Shares in treasury are due to open market repurchases of Common Shares and the surrender of Common Shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock and the forfeiture of unvested restricted stock. Decreases in Common Shares in treasury are principally due to grants of restricted stock, exercises of stock options, purchases under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), and share cancellations. At our May 2023 annual general meeting, held on May 17, 2023, our shareholders approved the cancellation of 14,925,028 shares purchased under our share repurchase programs during 2022. The capital reduction was subject to publication requirements and became effective in accordance with Swiss law on May 22, 2023. At our May 2024 annual general meeting, held on May 16, 2024, our shareholders approved the cancellation of 11,825,600 shares purchased under our share repurchase programs during 2023. The capital reduction was subject to publication requirements and became effective in accordance with Swiss law on May 21, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 4,915,964 shares were repurchased, 11,825,600 shares were canceled, and 2,679,748 net shares were issued under employee share-based compensation plans. At September 30, 2024, 16,592,565 Common Shares remain in treasury.
Chubb Limited securities repurchase authorizations
The Board has authorized share repurchase programs as follows:

•$2.5 billion of Chubb Common Shares from May 19, 2022 through June 30, 2023; and
•$5.0 billion of Chubb Common Shares effective July 1, 2023 with no expiration date.

The following table presents repurchases of Chubb's Common Shares conducted in a series of open market transactions under the Board authorizations:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30September 30
(in millions of U.S. dollars, except share data)2024202320242023
Number of shares repurchased1,441,607 2,949,900 4,915,964 8,634,600 
Cost of shares repurchased$413 $606 $1,299 $1,758 
Repurchase authorization remaining at end of period $2,400 $4,398 $2,400 $4,398 

The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30September 30
(in millions of U.S. dollars)2024202320242023
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI)
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments
Balance – beginning of period, net of tax$(5,301)$(6,809)$(4,177)$(7,279)
Change in period, before reclassification from AOCI (before tax)3,419 (2,240)2,139 (1,935)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (before tax)40 70 154 357 
Change in period, before tax3,459 (2,170)2,293 (1,578)
Income tax (expense) benefit(198)29 (149)(93)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)3,261 (2,141)2,144 (1,671)
Noncontrolling interests, net of tax2 3 9 3 
Balance – end of period, net of tax(2,042)(8,953)(2,042)(8,953)
Current discount rate on liability for future policy benefits
Balance – beginning of period, net of tax66 (247)51 (75)
Change in period, before tax(672)683 (672)497 
Income tax (expense) benefit36 (35)14 (21)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)(636)648 (658)476 
Noncontrolling interests, net of tax(43)(3)(80)(3)
Balance – end of period, net of tax(527)404 (527)404 
Instrument-specific credit risk on market risk benefits
Balance – beginning of period, net of tax(13)(16)(22)(24)
Change in period, before tax(8)(5)2 3 
Income tax benefit1 — — — 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)(7)(5)2 3 
Noncontrolling interests, net of tax— — — — 
Balance – end of period, net of tax(20)(21)(20)(21)
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30September 30
(in millions of U.S. dollars)2024202320242023
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) - continued
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment
Balance – beginning of period, net of tax(3,342)(2,920)(2,945)(2,966)
Change in period, before reclassification from AOCI (before tax)450 (314)6 (269)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (before tax)(5)(3)(11)(10)
Change in period, before tax 445 (317)(5)(279)
Income tax benefit7 13 19 21 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)452 (304)14 (258)
Noncontrolling interests, net of tax62 (76)21 (76)
Balance – end of period, net of tax(2,952)(3,148)(2,952)(3,148)
Fair value hedging instruments
Balance – beginning of period, net of tax(11)(53)(13)(66)
Change in period, before reclassification from AOCI (before tax)42 (17)(12)23 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (before tax)(60)55 (3)32 
Change in period, before tax(18)38 (15)55 
Income tax (expense) benefit4 (7)3 (11)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)(14)31 (12)44 
Noncontrolling interests, net of tax— — — — 
Balance – end of period, net of tax(25)(22)(25)(22)
Postretirement benefit liability adjustment
Balance – beginning of period, net of tax297 223 297 225 
Change in period, before tax(1)(1)(2)(3)
Income tax benefit— — 1 — 
Total other comprehensive loss(1)(1)(1)(3)
Noncontrolling interests, net of tax— — — — 
Balance – end of period, net of tax296 222 296 222 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss$(5,270)$(11,518)$(5,270)$(11,518)
The following table presents reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to the Consolidated statements of operations:
Three Months EndedNine Months EndedConsolidated Statement of Operations Location
September 30September 30
(in millions of U.S. dollars)2024202320242023
Fixed maturities available-for-sale$(40)$(70)$(154)$(357)Net realized gains (losses)
Income tax benefit17 25 41 59 Income tax expense
$(23)$(45)$(113)$(298)Net income
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment
Cross-currency swaps$5 $3 $11 $10 Interest expense
Income tax expense(1)(1)(2)(2)Income tax expense
$4 $2 $9 $8 Net income
Net gains (losses) of fair value hedging instruments
Cross-currency swaps$63 $(51)$14 $(20)Net realized gains (losses)
Cross-currency swaps(3)(4)(11)(12)Interest expense
Income tax (expense) benefit(12)12 — 7 Income tax expense
$48 $(43)$3 $(25)Net income
Total amounts reclassified from AOCI$29 $(86)$(101)$(315)