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Other Income and Expense
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Income and Expense Disclosure Other income and expense
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30June 30
(in millions of U.S. dollars)2023202220232022
Equity in net income (loss) of partially-owned entities (1)
$120 $(72)$460 $291 
Gains (losses) from fair value changes in separate account assets (2)
(12)(18)(37)(49)
Federal excise and capital taxes(6)(5)(11)(9)
Other(2)(6)(16)(22)
Total$100 $(101)$396 $211 
(1)     Equity in net income (loss) of partially-owned entities includes mark-to-market gains (losses) on private equities where we own more than three percent of $(3) million and $239 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $(134) million and $121 million, respectively, for the prior year periods. This line item also includes net income of $22 million and $36 million attributable to our investments in Huatai for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $15 million and $55 million, respectively, for the prior year periods.
(2)     Related to gains (losses) from fair value changes in separate account assets that do not qualify for separate account reporting under GAAP.
Other income and expense includes equity in net income of partially-owned entities, which includes our share of net income or loss, both underlying operating income and mark-to-market movement, related to partially-owned investment companies (private equity) and partially-owned insurance companies. Also included in Other income and expense are gains (losses) from fair value changes in separate account assets that do not qualify for separate account reporting under GAAP. The offsetting movement in the separate account liabilities is included in Policy benefits in the Consolidated statements of operations. Certain federal excise and capital taxes incurred as a result of capital management initiatives are included in Other income and expense as these are considered capital transactions and are excluded from underwriting results. Bad debt expense for uncollectible premiums is also included in Other income and expense.