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Unpaid losses and loss expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Abstract]

Schedule Of Unpaid Losses And Loss Expenses Roll Forward

Chubb establishes reserves for the estimated unpaid ultimate liability for losses and loss expenses under the terms of its policies and agreements. Reserves include estimates for both claims that have been reported and for IBNR claims, and include estimates of expenses associated with processing and settling these claims. Reserves are recorded in Unpaid losses and loss expenses in the consolidated balance sheets. While we believe that our reserves for unpaid losses and loss expenses at December 31, 2019 are adequate, new information or trends may lead to future developments in incurred loss and loss expenses significantly greater or less than the reserves provided. Any such revisions could result in future changes in estimates of losses or reinsurance recoverable and would be reflected in our results of operations in the period in which the estimates are changed.

The following table presents a reconciliation of beginning and ending Unpaid losses and loss expenses:



	Year Ended December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	2019			2018			2017
Gross unpaid losses and loss expenses, beginning of year	$	62,960		$	63,179		$	60,540
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses ⁽¹⁾	(14,689		)	(14,014		)	(12,708		)
Net unpaid losses and loss expenses, beginning of year	48,271			49,165			47,832
Net losses and loss expenses incurred in respect of losses occurring in:
Current year	19,575			19,048			19,391
Prior years ⁽²⁾	(845		)	(981		)	(937		)
Total	18,730			18,067			18,454
Net losses and loss expenses paid in respect of losses occurring in:
Current year	7,894			7,544			6,575
Prior years	10,579			10,796			10,873
Total	18,473			18,340			17,448
Foreign currency revaluation and other	(19		)	(621		)	327
Net unpaid losses and loss expenses, end of year	48,509			48,271			49,165
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses ⁽¹⁾	14,181			14,689			14,014
Gross unpaid losses and loss expenses, end of year	$	62,690		$	62,960		$	63,179


⁽¹⁾	Net of provision for uncollectible reinsurance.


⁽²⁾	Relates to prior period loss reserve development only and excludes prior period development related to reinstatement premiums, expense adjustments and earned premiums totaling $53 million, $85 million and $108 million for 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Table Text Block]

The following table presents a reconciliation of the loss development tables to the liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses in the consolidated balance sheet:



Reconciliation of Reserve Balances to Liability for Unpaid Loss and Loss Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Presented in the loss development tables:
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Workers' Compensation	$	9,414
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Liability	16,447
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Other Casualty	1,913
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Non-Casualty	1,759
North America Personal P&C Insurance	2,525
Overseas General Insurance — Casualty	5,977
Overseas General Insurance — Non-Casualty	2,377
Global Reinsurance — Casualty	1,177
Global Reinsurance — Non-Casualty	255
Excluded from the loss development tables:
Other	4,218
Net unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expense	46,062
Ceded unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expense:
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Workers' Compensation	$	1,657
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Liability	5,400
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Other Casualty	546
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Non-Casualty	1,150
North America Personal P&C Insurance	603
Overseas General Insurance — Casualty	2,113
Overseas General Insurance — Non-Casualty	1,263
Global Reinsurance — Casualty	35
Global Reinsurance — Non-Casualty	107
Other	1,457
Ceded unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expense	14,331
Unpaid loss and loss expense on other than short-duration contracts ⁽¹⁾	873
Unpaid unallocated loss adjustment expenses	1,424
Unpaid losses and loss expenses	$	62,690

⁽¹⁾

Primarily includes the claims reserve of our International A&H business and Life Insurance segment reserves.

Claims Development tables [Table Text Block]

This product line includes proportional and excess coverages in general, automobile liability, professional liability, medical malpractice, workers' compensation and aviation, with exposures located around the world. In general, reinsurance exhibits less stable development patterns than primary business. In particular, general casualty reinsurance and excess coverages are long-tailed and can be very volatile.



Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					As of December 31 2019
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
2010	$	399	$	419		$	430	$	441	$	430	$	424	$	414	$	400	$	387	$	373	$	23	0.802
2011			407			414		428		432		427		417		413		407		401		27		0.659
2012						385		382		390		393		378		371		370		372		10		0.457
2013								320		326		328		329		330		323		316		20		0.341
2014										332		333		338		341		343		346		39		0.382
2015												284		288		299		300		308		33		0.298
2016														222		226		234		233		30		0.341
2017																213		214		219		45		0.529
2018																		244		246		65		0.589
2019																				238		130		0.219
Total																				$	3,052



Global Reinsurance — Casualty — Long-tail (continued)
Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019
2010	$	56	$	125		$	179	$	220	$	249	$	274	$	291	$	306	$	315	$	320
2011			70			146		195		236		267		291		311		324		331
2012						77		167		221		260		292		307		322		334
2013								65		143		186		222		241		259		268
2014										91		184		217		248		264		276
2015												90		159		191		217		232
2016														57		113		142		159
2017																46		100		122
2018																		41		96
2019																				40
Total																				$	2,178



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	303
All Accident years	$	1,177

This product line includes property, property catastrophe, marine, credit/surety, A&H and energy. This product line is impacted by natural catastrophes, particularly in the 2011, 2017 and 2018 accident years. Of the non-catastrophe book, the mixture of business varies by year with approximately 73 percent of loss on proportional treaties in treaty year 2010 and after. This percentage has increased over time with the proportion being approximately 58 percent for treaty years 2010 to 2012 growing to an average of 80 percent for treaty years 2013 to 2019, with the remainder being written on an excess of loss basis.



Global Reinsurance — Non-Casualty — Short-tail (continued)
Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
																Years Ended December 31						As of December 31 2019
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves			Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019
2010	$	194	$	228		$	218	$	212	$	216	$	218	$	218	$	219	$	218	$	217	$	—		0.102
2011			269			270		268		258		258		260		259		259		259		1			0.132
2012						230		210		200		191		189		187		184		184		1			0.113
2013								161		159		147		142		143		140		140		—			0.121
2014										164		180		180		183		181		180		3			0.101
2015												146		154		161		161		153		3			0.115
2016														180		186		188		190		12			0.182
2017																396		423		453		10			0.309
2018																		285		297		(6		)	0.212
2019																				141		73			0.032
Total																				$	2,214



Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
																Years Ended December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019
2010	$	55	$	156		$	182	$	193	$	199	$	209	$	207	$	210	$	210	$	214
2011			85			174		204		228		246		251		253		254		256
2012						45		130		156		166		172		177		179		180
2013								46		102		120		129		132		135		135
2014										65		129		152		163		169		171
2015												56		103		132		142		146
2016														56		131		158		169
2017																191		322		402
2018																		94		257
2019																				35
Total																				$	1,965



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	6
All Accident years	$	255

This line consists of primary and excess liability exposures, including medical liability and professional lines, including directors and officers (D&O) liability, errors and omissions (E&O) liability, employment practices liability (EPL), fidelity bonds, and fiduciary liability.

The primary and excess liability business represents the largest part of these exposures. The former includes both monoline and commercial package liability. The latter includes a substantial proportion of commercial umbrella, excess and high excess business, where loss activity can produce significant volatility in the loss triangles at later ages within an accident year (and sometimes across years) due to the size of the limits afforded and the complex nature of the underlying losses.

This line includes management and professional liability products provided to a wide variety of clients, from national accounts to small firms along with private and not-for-profit organizations, distributed through brokers, agents, wholesalers and MGAs. Many of these coverages, particularly D&O and E&O, are typically written on a claims-made form. While most of the coverages are underwritten on a primary basis, there are significant amounts of excess exposure with large policy limits.



Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					As of December 31 2019
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
2010	$	3,574	$	3,579		$	3,597	$	3,556	$	3,416	$	3,247	$	3,125	$	3,105	$	2,993	$	2,983	$	202	18
2011			3,496			3,582		3,626		3,660		3,590		3,494		3,380		3,312		3,190		299		18
2012						3,548		3,624		3,609		3,560		3,520		3,422		3,326		3,231		430		18
2013								3,543		3,538		3,538		3,528		3,426		3,212		3,118		500		17
2014										3,532		3,582		3,671		3,713		3,652		3,467		792		17
2015												3,556		3,705		3,814		3,971		3,939		1,232		19
2016														3,530		3,591		3,688		3,801		1,279		20
2017																3,319		3,495		3,577		1,818		21
2018																		3,371		3,490		2,170		24
2019																				3,449		3,005		25
Total																				$	34,245



North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Liability — Long-tail (continued)
Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019
2010	$	126	$	611		$	1,108	$	1,558	$	1,892	$	2,257	$	2,424	$	2,525	$	2,659	$	2,716
2011			160			651		1,208		1,803		2,212		2,474		2,657		2,738		2,824
2012						166		655		1,171		1,678		2,090		2,324		2,499		2,615
2013								130		547		1,191		1,595		2,005		2,230		2,371
2014										164		679		1,249		1,802		2,200		2,440
2015												138		605		1,205		1,854		2,289
2016														171		662		1,335		1,974
2017																161		616		1,161
2018																		189		754
2019																				176
Total																				$	19,320



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	1,522
All Accident years	$	16,447

This product line represents first party commercial product lines that are short-tailed in nature, such as property, inland marine, ocean marine, surety and A&H. There is a wide diversity of products, primary and excess coverages, and policy sizes. During this ten-year period, this product line was also impacted by natural catastrophes mainly in the 2012, 2017, and 2018 accident years.



Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					As of December 31 2019
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
2010	$	1,501	$	1,537		$	1,461	$	1,424	$	1,422	$	1,415	$	1,410	$	1,404	$	1,394	$	1,394	$	1	1,057
2011			1,958			1,932		1,875		1,853		1,833		1,837		1,832		1,832		1,833		10		1,051
2012						2,030		1,913		1,880		1,861		1,856		1,844		1,841		1,847		3		1,035
2013								1,430		1,420		1,333		1,356		1,337		1,337		1,334		3		1,072
2014										1,642		1,658		1,576		1,555		1,546		1,547		7		1,100
2015												1,733		1,742		1,647		1,635		1,602		17		1,170
2016														1,907		1,887		1,797		1,778		16		1,291
2017																2,701		2,605		2,503		71		1,374
2018																		2,050		2,237		182		1,551
2019																				2,049		587		1,446
Total																				$	18,124



Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019
2010	$	723	$	1,222		$	1,320	$	1,357	$	1,382	$	1,391	$	1,394	$	1,395	$	1,391	$	1,391
2011			938			1,571		1,715		1,775		1,785		1,808		1,813		1,819		1,822
2012						713		1,575		1,696		1,764		1,792		1,819		1,813		1,839
2013								649		1,135		1,234		1,282		1,308		1,321		1,329
2014										818		1,370		1,481		1,502		1,528		1,543
2015												725		1,341		1,486		1,554		1,570
2016														845		1,502		1,653		1,729
2017																978		2,085		2,301
2018																		1,026		1,823
2019																				1,029
Total																				$	16,376



North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Non-Casualty — Short-tail (continued)
Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	11
All Accident years	$	1,759

This product line is comprised of commercial fire, marine (predominantly cargo), surety, personal automobile (in Latin America, Asia Pacific and Japan), personal cell phones, personal residential (including high net worth), energy and construction. In general, these lines have relatively stable payment and reporting patterns although they are impacted by natural catastrophes mainly in the 2010, 2011, 2017, and 2018 accident years. Latin America and Europe each make up about 30 percent of the Chubb Overseas General non-casualty book.



Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					As of December 31 2019
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
2010	$	1,647	$	1,669		$	1,643	$	1,632	$	1,626	$	1,612	$	1,599	$	1,582	$	1,584	$	1,582	$	6	518
2011			1,871			1,956		1,900		1,861		1,843		1,832		1,824		1,814		1,810		3		544
2012						1,696		1,686		1,646		1,591		1,585		1,577		1,561		1,556		14		556
2013								1,778		1,770		1,703		1,656		1,651		1,621		1,609		27		574
2014										1,852		1,920		1,862		1,851		1,814		1,804		15		549
2015												1,952		2,075		2,051		2,017		1,999		38		571
2016														2,050		2,052		2,040		2,018		17		567
2017																2,198		2,238		2,220		46		577
2018																		2,153		2,244		124		622
2019																				2,181		376		608
Total																				$	19,023



Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019
2010	$	671	$	1,226		$	1,424	$	1,486	$	1,524	$	1,537	$	1,544	$	1,545	$	1,550	$	1,562
2011			758			1,460		1,660		1,716		1,746		1,761		1,769		1,773		1,773
2012						681		1,226		1,412		1,470		1,493		1,502		1,515		1,517
2013								698		1,273		1,466		1,497		1,534		1,553		1,562
2014										758		1,423		1,632		1,696		1,727		1,741
2015												852		1,546		1,778		1,858		1,881
2016														1,015		1,670		1,865		1,938
2017																1,046		1,830		2,005
2018																		994		1,726
2019																				1,038
Total																				$	16,743



Overseas General Insurance — Non-Casualty — Short-tail (continued)
Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	97
All Accident years	$	2,377



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	1
All Accident years	$	1

This product line consists of the remaining commercial casualty coverages such as automobile liability and aviation. There is also a small portion of commercial multi-peril (CMP) business in accident years 2014 and prior. The paid and reported data are impacted by some catastrophe loss activity primarily on the CMP exposures just noted.



North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Other-Casualty — Long-tail (continued)
Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					As of December 31 2019
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
2010	$	613	$	607		$	601	$	546	$	506	$	478	$	480	$	493	$	484	$	481	$	16	15
2011			580			589		581		548		533		524		516		510		512		24		15
2012						633		605		577		560		520		519		508		507		3		15
2013								526		530		522		515		468		462		461		29		17
2014										594		583		581		596		555		538		45		17
2015												486		470		501		515		458		51		15
2016														504		502		527		524		136		15
2017																531		566		577		174		16
2018																		535		563		298		15
2019																				606		428		14
Total																				$	5,227



Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019
2010	$	97	$	236		$	322	$	363	$	392	$	433	$	443	$	449	$	453	$	452
2011			86			235		341		400		437		461		466		480		486
2012						69		222		319		386		435		470		486		493
2013								69		197		270		348		385		411		418
2014										80		220		317		391		454		473
2015												47		137		214		304		370
2016														52		145		246		323
2017																66		175		312
2018																		74		169
2019																				70
Total																				$	3,566



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	252
All Accident years	$	1,913

North America Personal P&C Insurance — Short-tail

Chubb provides personal lines coverages for high-net-worth individuals and families in North America including homeowners, automobile, valuable articles (including fine art), umbrella liability, and recreational marine insurance offered through independent regional agents and brokers. A portfolio acquired from Fireman’s Fund is presented on a prospective basis beginning in May of accident year 2015. Reserves associated with prior accident periods were acquired through a loss portfolio transfer, which does not allow for a retrospective presentation. During this ten-year period, this segment was also impacted by natural catastrophes, mainly in 2012, 2017 and 2018 accident years.



Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					As of December 31 2019
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
2010	$	1,868	$	1,876		$	1,853	$	1,835	$	1,832	$	1,828	$	1,823	$	1,820	$	1,821	$	1,820	$	6	146
2011			2,205			2,207		2,182		2,170		2,162		2,158		2,157		2,156		2,156		8		166
2012						2,183		2,181		2,181		2,189		2,183		2,184		2,186		2,192		20		170
2013								1,854		1,882		1,890		1,894		1,918		1,931		1,938		26		122
2014										2,202		2,203		2,189		2,142		2,156		2,143		19		132
2015												2,491		2,546		2,557		2,540		2,559		30		135
2016														2,436		2,532		2,541		2,479		78		138
2017																3,031		3,066		2,998		171		142
2018																		3,006		3,033		295		148
2019																				2,953		725		116
Total																				$	24,271



North America Personal P&C Insurance — Short-tail (continued)
Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019
2010	$	1,151	$	1,521		$	1,668	$	1,727	$	1,770	$	1,791	$	1,803	$	1,809	$	1,810	$	1,812
2011			1,358			1,833		1,969		2,049		2,103		2,126		2,136		2,143		2,146
2012						1,175		1,804		1,955		2,061		2,115		2,147		2,161		2,161
2013								1,040		1,499		1,682		1,781		1,837		1,879		1,890
2014										1,308		1,762		1,922		2,031		2,076		2,103
2015												1,497		2,081		2,267		2,388		2,475
2016														1,451		2,049		2,208		2,311
2017																1,696		2,517		2,664
2018																		1,924		2,545
2019																				1,666
Total																				$	21,773



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	27
All Accident years	$	2,525

This product line is comprised of D&O liability, E&O liability, financial institutions (including crime/fidelity coverages), and non-U.S. general liability as well as aviation and political risk. Exposures are located around the world, including Europe, Latin America, and Asia. Approximately 45 percent of Chubb Overseas General business is generated by European accounts, exclusive of Lloyd's market. There is some U.S. exposure in Casualty from multinational accounts and in financial lines for Lloyd's market. The financial lines coverages are typically written on a claims-made form, while general liability coverages are typically on an occurrence basis and comprised of a mix of primary and excess businesses.



Overseas General Insurance — Casualty — Long-tail (continued)
Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					As of December 31 2019
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
2010	$	1,183	$	1,263		$	1,308	$	1,379	$	1,316	$	1,265	$	1,141	$	1,136	$	1,142	$	1,149	$	68	37
2011			1,211			1,218		1,210		1,200		1,117		1,054		1,042		991		988		35		37
2012						1,246		1,217		1,279		1,297		1,294		1,285		1,265		1,255		137		38
2013								1,237		1,233		1,229		1,272		1,226		1,193		1,136		139		38
2014										1,238		1,308		1,317		1,333		1,249		1,167		208		39
2015												1,164		1,259		1,288		1,311		1,286		287		41
2016														1,191		1,291		1,357		1,385		428		42
2017																1,185		1,286		1,335		495		41
2018																		1,283		1,333		789		40
2019																				1,346		1,011		32
Total																				$	12,380



Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019
2010	$	102	$	265		$	462	$	605	$	712	$	801	$	850	$	903	$	946	$	983
2011			87			240		384		513		612		691		764		815		848
2012						74		245		428		577		689		826		897		939
2013								85		261		414		558		699		798		865
2014										111		287		461		591		704		786
2015												86		281		484		661		780
2016														123		316		520		667
2017																96		314		520
2018																		109		325
2019																				122
Total																				$	6,835



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	432
All Accident years	$	5,977

This product line has a substantial geographic spread and a broad mix across industries. Types of coverage include risk management business predominantly with high deductible policies, loss sensitive business (i.e., retrospectively-rated policies), business fronted for captives, as well as excess and primary guaranteed cost coverages.

The triangle below shows all loss and allocated expense development for the workers' compensation product line. In our prior period development disclosure, we exclude any loss development where there is a directly related premium adjustment. For workers' compensation, changes in the exposure base due to payroll audits will drive changes in ultimate losses. In addition, we record involuntary pool assumptions (premiums and losses) on a lagged basis. Both of these items will influence the development in the triangle, particularly the first prior accident year, and are included in the reconciliation table presented on page F-60.



North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Workers' Compensation — Long-tail (continued)
Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					As of December 31 2019
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		Net IBNR Reserves		Reported Claims (in thousands)
2010	$	1,049	$	1,037		$	1,050	$	1,065	$	1,064	$	1,052	$	1,028	$	1,020	$	1,018	$	999	$	223	303
2011			1,037			1,030		1,046		1,049		1,053		1,022		1,012		1,009		988		233		286
2012						1,050		1,011		1,030		1,040		1,011		989		986		977		275		287
2013								1,109		1,108		1,122		1,127		1,086		1,073		1,037		309		299
2014										1,207		1,201		1,217		1,215		1,163		1,100		395		336
2015												1,282		1,259		1,276		1,279		1,217		500		334
2016														1,366		1,361		1,383		1,378		673		304
2017																1,412		1,380		1,399		783		339
2018																		1,359		1,360		788		362
2019																				1,391		997		246
Total																				$	11,846



Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited
Accident Year	2010		2011			2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019
2010	$	123	$	300		$	411	$	493	$	551	$	592	$	617	$	641	$	666	$	684
2011			119			294		411		484		533		567		595		616		640
2012						111		271		365		436		486		532		574		592
2013								107		286		422		506		553		587		616
2014										113		295		410		484		532		566
2015												116		301		418		501		564
2016														122		326		452		529
2017																120		313		437
2018																		130		329
2019																				143
Total																				$	5,100



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	2,668
All Accident years	$	9,414

Supplementary PPD [Table Text Block]



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	1
All Accident years	$	1



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	(50	)
All Accident years	$	(58	)



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	(93	)
All Accident years	$	(288	)



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	(18	)
All Accident years	$	(61	)



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	(6	)
All Accident years	$	32



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	5
All Accident years	$	(36	)



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	(1	)
All Accident years	$	(86	)



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	(4	)
All Accident years	$	30



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2019
Accident years prior to 2010	$	(49	)
All Accident years	$	(273	)

Schedule of Historical Claims [Table Text Block]



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2019 (Unaudited)
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	59	%	23	%	7	%	4	%	3	%	1	%	1	%	—	%	—	%	—	%



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2019 (Unaudited)
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	47	%	39	%	8	%	3	%	1	%	1	%	—	%	1	%	—	%	—	%



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2019 (Unaudited)
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	21	%	23	%	12	%	10	%	7	%	5	%	4	%	4	%	2	%	2	%



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2019 (Unaudited)
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	10	%	16	%	10	%	7	%	5	%	4	%	3	%	2	%	2	%	2	%



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2019 (Unaudited)
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	14	%	24	%	19	%	14	%	9	%	6	%	2	%	2	%	1	%	—	%



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2019 (Unaudited)
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	33	%	36	%	15	%	6	%	3	%	2	%	1	%	1	%	—	%	—	%



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2019 (Unaudited)
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	8	%	15	%	15	%	12	%	10	%	9	%	6	%	4	%	4	%	3	%



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2019 (Unaudited)
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	5	%	14	%	17	%	16	%	12	%	8	%	5	%	3	%	4	%	2	%



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2019 (Unaudited)
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	45	%	35	%	11	%	3	%	2	%	1	%	1	%	—	%	—	%	1	%

Supplementary PPD Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

The following table presents a reconciliation of the loss development triangles above to prior period development:



	Components of PPD
Year Ended December 31, 2019 (in millions of U.S. dollars) (favorable)/unfavorable	2010 - 2018 accident years (implied PPD per loss triangles)			Accident years prior to 2010			Other ⁽¹⁾				PPD on loss reserves			RIPs, Expense adjustments, and earned premiums			Total
North America Commercial P&C Insurance
Long-tail	$	(460	)	$	(137	)	$	(110	)		$	(707	)	$	39		$	(668	)
Short-tail	38			(6		)	(8		)		24			(5		)	19
	(422		)	(143		)	(118		)	⁽²⁾	(683		)	34			(649		)
North America Personal P&C Insurance (Short-tail)	(85		)	(1		)	(5		)		(91		)	(4		)	(95		)
Overseas General Insurance
Long-tail	(43		)	(18		)	(7		)		(68		)	—			(68		)
Short-tail	—			1			(26		)		(25		)	1			(24		)
	(43		)	(17		)	(33		)	⁽³⁾	(93		)	1			(92		)
Global Reinsurance
Long-tail	(8		)	(50		)	(1		)		(59		)	—			(59		)
Short-tail	34			(4		)	1				31			(1		)	30
	26			(54		)	—				(28		)	(1		)	(29		)
Subtotal	$	(524	)	$	(215	)	$	(156	)		$	(895	)	$	30		$	(865	)
North America Agricultural Insurance (Short-tail)											$	(103	)	$	23		$	(80	)
Corporate (Long-tail)											153			—			153
Consolidated PPD											$	(845	)	$	53		$	(792	)


⁽¹⁾	Other includes the impact of foreign exchange.

⁽²⁾

Includes favorable development of $82 million related to our Alternative Risk Solutions business (U.S. and Bermuda) and an adjustment to exclude $22 million in unfavorable development in the workers' compensation line, associated with an increase in exposure for which additional premiums were collected; the remaining difference relates to a number of other items, none of which are individually material.


⁽³⁾	Includes favorable development of $37 million related to International A&H business; the remaining difference relates to a number of other items, none of which are individually material.

Prior Period Development, by Segment [Table Text Block]



Years Ended December 31 (in millions of U.S. dollars, except for percentages)	Long-tail			Short-tail			Total			% of beginning net unpaid reserves ⁽¹⁾
2019
North America Commercial P&C Insurance	$	(668	)	$	19		$	(649	)	1.3	%
North America Personal P&C Insurance	—			(95		)	(95		)	0.2	%
North America Agricultural Insurance	—			(80		)	(80		)	0.2	%
Overseas General Insurance	(68		)	(24		)	(92		)	0.2	%
Global Reinsurance	(59		)	30			(29		)	0.1	%
Corporate	153			—			153			0.3	%
Total	$	(642	)	$	(150	)	$	(792	)	1.6	%
2018
North America Commercial P&C Insurance	$	(395	)	$	(215	)	$	(610	)	1.2	%
North America Personal P&C Insurance	—			41			41			0.1	%
North America Agricultural Insurance	—			(110		)	(110		)	0.2	%
Overseas General Insurance	(67		)	(145		)	(212		)	0.4	%
Global Reinsurance	(69		)	19			(50		)	0.1	%
Corporate	45			—			45			0.1	%
Total	$	(486	)	$	(410	)	$	(896	)	1.8	%
2017
North America Commercial P&C Insurance	$	(562	)	$	(184	)	$	(746	)	1.6	%
North America Personal P&C Insurance	—			69			69			0.1	%
North America Agricultural Insurance	—			(119		)	(119		)	0.2	%
Overseas General Insurance	(71		)	(181		)	(252		)	0.5	%
Global Reinsurance	(68		)	9			(59		)	0.1	%
Corporate	278			—			278			0.6	%
Total	$	(423	)	$	(406	)	$	(829	)	1.7	%


⁽¹⁾	Calculated based on the beginning of period consolidated net unpaid losses and loss expenses.

Schedule Of Asbestos Environmental Loss Roll Forward and by segment

The following table presents a roll-forward of consolidated A&E loss reserves including allocated loss expense reserves for A&E exposures, and the provision for uncollectible paid and unpaid reinsurance recoverables:



	Asbestos						Environmental						Total
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	Gross			Net			Gross			Net			Gross			Net
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	1,726		$	1,119		$	577		$	490		$	2,303		$	1,609
Incurred activity	228			104			199			113			427			217			⁽¹⁾
Paid activity	(333		)	(172		)	(169		)	(127		)	(502		)	(299		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	1,621			1,051			607			476			2,228			1,527
Incurred activity	136			75			101			(97		)	237			(22		)	⁽¹⁾
Paid activity	(265		)	(162		)	(83		)	104			(348		)	(58		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	1,492			964			625			483			2,117			1,447
Incurred activity	129			70			46			28			175			98			⁽¹⁾
Paid activity	(162		)	(118		)	(142		)	(101		)	(304		)	(219		)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	1,459		$	916		$	529		$	410		$	1,988		$	1,326


⁽¹⁾	Excludes unallocated loss expenses and the net activity reflects third-party reinsurance other than the aggregate excess of loss reinsurance provided by National Indemnity Company (NICO) to Westchester Specialty (see Westchester Specialty section below).

The A&E net loss reserves including allocated loss expense reserves and provision for uncollectible reinsurance at December 31, 2019 and 2018 shown in the table above is comprised of:



	December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	2019		2018
Brandywine operations	$	754	$	807
Westchester Specialty	117		120
Chubb Corp	381		442
Other, mainly Overseas General Insurance	74		78
Total	$	1,326	$	1,447