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REVENUE
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
REVENUE REVENUE
REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
Major Products and Services
Liquids PipelinesGas Transmission and MidstreamGas Distribution and StorageRenewable Power GenerationEnergy ServicesEliminations and OtherConsolidated
Year ended December 31, 2020
(millions of Canadian dollars)       
Transportation revenue9,161 4,523 674 — — — 14,358 
Storage and other revenue94 274 203 — — — 571 
Gas gathering and processing revenue
— 27 — — — — 27 
Gas distribution revenue— — 3,663 — — — 3,663 
Electricity and transmission revenue
— — — 198 — — 198 
Total revenue from contracts with customers
9,255 4,824 4,540 198 — — 18,817 
Commodity sales— — — — 19,259 — 19,259 
Other revenue1,2
584 44 17 389 — (23)1,011 
Intersegment revenue584 2 12 — 24 (622)— 
Total revenue10,423 4,870 4,569 587 19,283 (645)39,087 

Liquids PipelinesGas Transmission and MidstreamGas Distribution and StorageRenewable Power GenerationEnergy ServicesEliminations and OtherConsolidated
Year ended December 31, 2019
(millions of Canadian dollars)       
Transportation revenue9,082 4,477 743 — — — 14,302 
Storage and other revenue109 268 201 — — — 578 
Gas gathering and processing revenue
— 423 — — — — 423 
Gas distribution revenue— — 4,210 — — — 4,210 
Electricity and transmission revenue
— — — 180 — — 180 
Commodity sales— 4 — — — — 4 
Total revenue from contracts with customers
9,191 5,172 5,154 180 — — 19,697 
Commodity sales— — — — 29,305 — 29,305 
Other revenue1,2
659 30 9 387 (2)(16)1,067 
Intersegment revenue369 5 16 — 71 (461)— 
Total revenue10,219 5,207 5,179 567 29,374 (477)50,069 
Liquids PipelinesGas Transmission and MidstreamGas Distribution and StorageRenewable Power GenerationEnergy ServicesEliminations and OtherConsolidated
Year ended December 31, 2018
(millions of Canadian dollars)       
Transportation revenue8,488 3,928 875 — — — 13,291 
Storage and other revenue101 222 196 — — — 519 
Gas gathering and processing revenue
— 815 — — — — 815 
Gas distribution revenue— — 4,376 — — — 4,376 
Electricity and transmission revenue
— — — 206 — — 206 
Commodity sales— 1,590 — — — — 1,590 
Total revenue from contracts with customers
8,589 6,555 5,447 206 — — 20,797 
Commodity sales— — — — 26,070 — 26,070 
Other revenue1
(894)6 9 361 4 25 (489)
Intersegment revenue384 10 14 — 154 (562)— 
Total revenue8,079 6,571 5,470 567 26,228 (537)46,378 
1     Includes mark-to-market gains/(losses) from our hedging program for the year ended December 31, 2020 of $265 million gain, (2019 - $346 million gain, 2018 - $1.1 billion loss).
2     Includes revenues from lease contracts. Refer to Note 27 Leases.

We disaggregate revenue into categories which represent our principal performance obligations within each business segment. These revenue categories represent the most significant revenue streams in each segment and consequently are considered to be the most relevant revenue information for management to consider in evaluating performance.

Contract Balances
Contract ReceivablesContract AssetsContract Liabilities
(millions of Canadian dollars)
Balance as at December 31, 20202,042 226 1,815 
Balance as at December 31, 20192,099 216 1,424 

Contract receivables represent the amount of receivables derived from contracts with customers.
Contract assets represent the amount of revenue which has been recognized in advance of payments received for performance obligations we have fulfilled (or partially fulfilled) and prior to the point in time at which our right to the payment is unconditional. Amounts included in contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when our right to the consideration becomes unconditional.

Contract liabilities represent payments received for performance obligations which have not been fulfilled. Contract liabilities primarily relate to make-up rights and deferred revenue. Revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period is $174 million. Increases in contract liabilities from cash received, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020 were $591 million.
Performance Obligations

SegmentNature of Performance Obligation
Liquids Pipelines
•Transportation and storage of crude oil and natural gas liquids (NGLs)
Gas Transmission and Midstream
•Transportation, storage, gathering, compression and treating of natural gas
•Transportation of NGLs
•Sale of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs
Gas Distribution and Storage
•Supply and delivery of natural gas
•Transportation of natural gas
•Storage of natural gas
Renewable Power Generation
•Generation and transmission of electricity
•Delivery of electricity from renewable energy generation facilities

There was no material revenue recognized in the year ended December 31, 2020 from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.

Payment Terms
Payments are received monthly from customers under long-term transportation, commodity sales, and gas gathering and processing contracts. Payments from Gas Distribution and Storage customers are received on a continuous basis based on established billing cycles.

Certain contracts in the US offshore business provide for us to receive a series of fixed monthly payments (FMPs) for a specified period which is less than the period during which the performance obligations are satisfied. As a result, a portion of the FMPs are recorded as contract liabilities. The FMPs are not considered to be a financing arrangement because the payments are scheduled to match the production profiles of offshore oil and gas fields, which generate greater revenue in the initial years of their productive lives.

Revenue to be Recognized from Unfulfilled Performance Obligations
Total revenue from performance obligations expected to be fulfilled in future periods is $59.5 billion, of which $6.8 billion is expected to be recognized during the year ended December 31, 2021.

The revenues excluded from the amounts above based on optional exemptions available under ASC 606, as explained below, represent a significant portion of our overall revenues and revenues from contracts with customers. Certain revenues such as flow-through operating costs charged to shippers are recognized at the amount for which we have the right to invoice our customers and are excluded from the amounts of revenue to be recognized in the future from unfulfilled performance obligations above. Variable consideration is excluded from the amounts above due to the uncertainty of the associated consideration, which is generally resolved when actual volumes and prices are determined. For example, we consider interruptible transportation service revenues to be variable revenues since volumes cannot be estimated. Additionally, the effect of escalation on certain tolls which are contractually escalated for inflation has not been reflected in the amounts above as it is not possible to reliably estimate future inflation rates. Revenues for periods extending beyond the current rate settlement term for regulated contracts where the tolls are periodically reset by the regulator are excluded from the amounts above since future tolls remain unknown. Finally, revenues from contracts with customers which have an original expected duration of one year or less are excluded from the amounts above.
SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS MADE IN RECOGNIZING REVENUE
Long-Term Transportation Agreements
For long-term transportation agreements, significant judgments pertain to the period over which revenue is recognized and whether the agreement provides for make-up rights for the shippers. Transportation revenue earned from firm contracted capacity arrangements is recognized ratably over the contract period. Transportation revenue from interruptible or volumetric-based arrangements is recognized when services are performed.

Estimates of Variable Consideration
Revenue from arrangements subject to variable consideration is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Uncertainties associated with variable consideration relate principally to differences between estimated and actual volumes and prices. These uncertainties are resolved each month when actual volumes are sold or transported and actual tolls and prices are determined.

Recognition and Measurement of Revenue
Liquids PipelinesGas Transmission and MidstreamGas Distribution and StorageRenewable Power GenerationConsolidated
Year ended December 31, 2020
(millions of Canadian dollars)    
Revenue from products transferred at a point in time
— — 60 — 60 
Revenue from products and services transferred over time2
9,255 4,824 4,480 198 18,757 
Total revenue from contracts with customers
9,255 4,824 4,540 198 18,817 
Liquids PipelinesGas Transmission and MidstreamGas Distribution and StorageRenewable Power GenerationConsolidated
Year ended December 31, 2019
(millions of Canadian dollars)    
Revenue from products transferred at a point in time— 4 65 — 69 
Revenue from products and services transferred over time2
9,191 5,168 5,089 180 19,628 
Total revenue from contracts with customers
9,191 5,172 5,154 180 19,697 

Liquids PipelinesGas Transmission and MidstreamGas Distribution and StorageRenewable Power GenerationConsolidated
Year ended December 31, 2018
(millions of Canadian dollars)    
Revenue from products transferred at a point in time1
— 1,590 68 — 1,658 
Revenue from products and services transferred over time2
8,589 4,965 5,379 206 19,139 
Total revenue from contracts with customers
8,589 6,555 5,447 206 20,797 
1     Revenue from sales of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs. Revenue from commodity sales where the commodity sold is not immediately consumed prior to use is recognized at the point in time when the contractually specified volume of the commodity has been delivered.
2     Revenue from crude oil and natural gas pipeline transportation, storage, natural gas gathering, compression and treating, natural gas distribution, natural gas storage services and electricity sales.
Performance Obligations Satisfied Over Time
For arrangements involving the transportation and sale of petroleum products and natural gas where the transportation services or commodities are simultaneously received and consumed by the shipper or customer, we recognize revenue over time using an output method based on volumes of commodities delivered or transported. The measurement of the volumes transported or delivered corresponds directly to the benefits received by the shippers or customers during that period.

Determination of Transaction Prices
Prices for gas processing and transportation services are determined based on the capital cost of the facilities, pipelines and associated infrastructure required to provide such services plus a rate of return on capital invested that is determined either through negotiations with customers or through regulatory processes for those operations that are subject to rate regulation.
Prices for commodities sold are determined by reference to market price indices plus or minus a negotiated differential and in certain cases a marketing fee.
Prices for natural gas sold and distribution services provided by regulated natural gas distribution operations are prescribed by regulation.