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Deferred Revenue from Membership Upgrade Sales and Deferred Commission Expense
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Deferred Revenue from Membership Upgrade Sales and Deferred Commission Expense Deferred Revenue from Membership Upgrade Sales and Deferred Commission Expense
The components of the change in deferred revenue from membership upgrades and deferred commission expense were as follows:
(amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Deferred revenue - upfront payments from membership upgrade sales, beginning$185,660 $163,957 
Membership upgrade sales(1)
17,253 16,686 
Revenue recognized from membership upgrade sales upfront payments(7,119)(6,236)
Net increase in deferred revenue - upfront payments from membership grade sales(1)
10,134 10,450 
Deferred revenue - upfront payments from membership upgrade sales, ending (2)
$195,794 $174,407 
Deferred commission expense, beginning$50,441 47,349 
Deferred commission expense3,723 3,527 
Commission expense recognized(2,186)(2,070)
Net increase in deferred commission expense(1)
1,537 1,457 
Deferred commission expense, ending51,978 48,806 
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(1)We present membership upgrade sales and related commissions on a net basis in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
(2)Included in Deferred membership revenue on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.