Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Description of Business:

Ohio Valley Banc Corp. (“Ohio Valley”) is a financial holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of

1956.

Ohio Valley has

one

banking subsidiary, The Ohio Valley Bank Company (the “Bank”), an Ohio state-chartered bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve Bank and is regulated primarily by the Ohio Division of Financial Institutions and the Federal Reserve Board. Ohio Valley also has a subsidiary that engages in consumer lending generally to individuals with higher credit risk history, Loan Central, Inc.; a subsidiary insurance agency that facilitates the receipts of insurance commissions, Ohio Valley Financial Services Agency, LLC; and a limited purpose property and casualty insurance company, OVBC Captive, Inc. The Bank has

one

wholly-owned subsidiary, Ohio Valley REO, LLC ("Ohio Valley REO"), an Ohio limited liability company, to which the Bank transfers certain real estate acquired by the Bank through foreclosure for sale by Ohio Valley REO. Ohio Valley and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the “Company.”

The Company provides a full range of commercial and retail banking services from

offices located in southeastern Ohio and western West Virginia. It accepts deposits in checking, savings, time and money market accounts and makes personal, commercial, floor plan, student, construction and real estate loans. Substantially all loans are secured by specific items of collateral, including business assets, consumer assets, and commercial and residential real estate. Commercial loans are expected to be repaid from cash flow from business operations. The Company also offers safe deposit boxes, wire transfers and other standard banking products and services. The Bank’s deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). In addition to accepting deposits and making loans, the Bank invests in U. S. Government and agency obligations, interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions and investments permitted by applicable law.

The Bank’s trust department provides a wide variety of fiduciary services for trusts, estates and benefit plans and also provides investment and security services as an agent for its customers.

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Principles of Consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ohio Valley and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Bank, Loan Central, Inc., Ohio Valley Financial Services Agency, LLC, and OVBC Captive, Inc. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Industry Segment Information:

Internal financial information is primarily reported and aggregated in

two

lines of business, banking and consumer finance.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates:

To prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash and Cash Equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, noninterest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits with banks with maturity terms of less than

days. Generally, federal funds are purchased and sold for

one

-day periods. The Company reports net cash flows for customer loan transactions, deposit transactions, short-term borrowings and interest-bearing deposits with other financial institutions.

Certificates of Deposit in Financial Institutions [Policy Text Block]

Certificates of deposit in financial institutions:

Certificates of deposit in financial institutions are carried at cost and have maturity terms of

days or greater. The longest maturity date is

September 19, 2022.

Marketable Securities, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Securities:

The Company classifies securities into held to maturity and available for sale categories. Held to maturity securities are those which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and are reported at amortized cost. Securities classified as available for sale include securities that could be sold for liquidity, investment management or similar reasons even if there is

not

a present intention of such a sale. Available for sale securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses included in other comprehensive income, net of tax.

Premium amortization is deducted from, and discount accretion is added to, interest income on securities using the level yield method without anticipating prepayments, except for mortgage-backed securities where prepayments are anticipated. Gains and losses are recognized upon the sale of specific identified securities on the completed trade date.

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Other-Than-Temporary

Impairments of Securities:

In determining an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”), management considers many factors, including: (

) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (

) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, (

) whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic conditions, and (

) whether the Company has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than

not

will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. The assessment of whether an OTTI decline exists involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and is based on the information available to management at a point in time.

When an OTTI occurs, the amount of the OTTI recognized in earnings depends on whether an entity intends to sell the security or it is more likely than

not

it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, less any current-period credit loss. If an entity intends to sell or it is more likely than

not

it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, less any current-period credit loss, the OTTI shall be recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date. If an entity does

not

intend to sell the security and it is

not

more likely than

not

that the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period loss, the OTTI shall be separated into the amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the total OTTI related to the credit loss is determined based on the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total OTTI related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. The previous amortized cost basis less the OTTI recognized in earnings becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment.

Investment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Restricted Investments in Bank Stocks

The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) system. Additionally, the Bank is a member of the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) system. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on their level of borrowings and other factors and

may

invest in additional amounts. FHLB stock and FRB stock are carried at cost, classified as restricted securities, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income. The Company has additional investments in other restricted bank stocks that are

not

material to the financial statements.

Financing Receivable [Policy Text Block]

Loans:

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of unearned interest, deferred loan fees and costs, and an allowance for loan losses. Interest income is reported on an accrual basis using the interest method and includes amortization of net deferred loan fees and costs over the loan term using the level yield method without anticipating prepayments. The amount of the Company’s recorded investment is

not

materially different than the amount of unpaid principal balance for loans.

Interest income is discontinued and the loan moved to non-accrual status when full loan repayment is in doubt, typically when the loan is impaired or payments are past due

days or over unless the loan is well-secured or in process of collection. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Nonaccrual loans and loans past due

days or over and still accruing include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans.

All interest accrued but

not

received for loans placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis method until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

The Bank also originates long-term, fixed-rate mortgage loans, with full intention of being sold to the secondary market. These loans are considered held for sale during the period of time after the principal has been advanced to the borrower by the Bank, but before the Bank has been reimbursed by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, typically within a few business days. Loans sold to the secondary market are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value. As of

December 31, 2019,

there were

loans held for sale by the Bank, as compared to

$108

in loans held for sale at

December 31, 2018.

Loans and Leases Receivable, Allowance for Loan Losses Policy [Policy Text Block]

Allowance for Loan Losses:

The allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Management estimates the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors. Allocations of the allowance

may

be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged-off.

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans for which the terms have been modified and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties are considered troubled debt restructurings and classified as impaired.

Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are

not

classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length and reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

Commercial and commercial real estate loans are individually evaluated for impairment. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as consumer and most residential real estate, are collectively evaluated for impairment, and accordingly, they are

not

separately identified for impairment disclosure. Troubled debt restructurings are measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate at inception. If a troubled debt restructuring is considered to be a collateral dependent loan, the loan is reported, net, at the fair value of the collateral. For troubled debt restructurings that subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of reserve in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for loan losses.

The general component covers non-impaired loans and impaired loans that are

not

individually reviewed for impairment and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors. The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company over the most recent

years for the consumer and real estate portfolio segment and

years for the commercial portfolio segment. The total loan portfolio’s actual loss experience is supplemented with other economic factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These economic factors include consideration of the following: levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations. The following portfolio segments have been identified: Commercial and Industrial, Commercial Real Estate, Residential Real Estate, and Consumer.

Commercial and industrial loans consist of borrowings for commercial purposes to individuals, corporations, partnerships, sole proprietorships, and other business enterprises. Commercial and industrial loans are generally secured by business assets such as equipment, accounts receivable, inventory, or any other asset excluding real estate and generally made to finance capital expenditures or operations. The Company’s risk exposure is related to deterioration in the value of collateral securing the loan should foreclosure become necessary. Generally, business assets used or produced in operations do

not

maintain their value upon foreclosure, which

may

require the Company to write down the value significantly to sell.

Commercial real estate consists of nonfarm, nonresidential loans secured by owner-occupied and nonowner-occupied commercial real estate as well as commercial construction loans. An owner-occupied loan relates to a borrower purchased building or space for which the repayment of principal is dependent upon cash flows from the ongoing business operations conducted by the party, or an affiliate of the party, who owns the property. Owner-occupied loans that are dependent on cash flows from operations can be adversely affected by current market conditions for their product or service. A nonowner-occupied loan is a property loan for which the repayment of principal is dependent upon rental income associated with the property or the subsequent sale of the property. Nonowner-occupied loans that are dependent upon rental income are primarily impacted by local economic conditions which dictate occupancy rates and the amount of rent charged. Commercial construction loans consist of borrowings to purchase and develop raw land into

family residential properties. Construction loans are extended to individuals as well as corporations for the construction of an individual or multiple properties and are secured by raw land and the subsequent improvements. Repayment of the loans to real estate developers is dependent upon the sale of properties to

third

parties in a timely fashion upon completion. Should there be delays in construction or a downturn in the market for those properties, there

may

be significant erosion in value which

may

be absorbed by the Company.

Residential real estate loans consist of loans to individuals for the purchase of

family primary residences with repayment primarily through wage or other income sources of the individual borrower. The Company’s loss exposure to these loans is dependent on local market conditions for residential properties as loan amounts are determined, in part, by the fair value of the property at origination.

Consumer loans are comprised of loans to individuals secured by automobiles, open-end home equity loans and other loans to individuals for household, family, and other personal expenditures, both secured and unsecured. These loans typically have maturities of

years or less with repayment dependent on individual wages and income. The risk of loss on consumer loans is elevated as the collateral securing these loans, if any, rapidly depreciate in value or

may

be worthless and/or difficult to locate if repossession is necessary. The Company has allocated the highest percentage of its allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans to the other identified loan portfolio segments due to the larger dollar balances associated with such portfolios.

December 31, 2019,

there were

changes to the accounting policies or methodologies within any of the Company’s loan portfolio segments from the prior period.

Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Concentrations of Credit Risk:

The Company grants residential, consumer and commercial loans to customers located primarily in the southeastern Ohio and western West Virginia areas.

The following represents the composition of the Company’s loan portfolio as of

December 31:

	% of Total Loans
	2019			2018
Residential real estate loans		40.15	%		39.13	%
Commercial real estate loans		28.75	%		27.84	%
Consumer loans		18.16	%		18.46	%
Commercial and industrial loans		12.94	%		14.57	%
		100.00	%		100.00	%

Approximately

5.00%

of total loans were unsecured at

December 31, 2019,

down from

5.02%

December 31, 2018.

The Bank, in the normal course of its operations, conducts business with correspondent financial institutions. Balances in correspondent accounts, investments in federal funds, certificates of deposit and other short-term securities are closely monitored to ensure that prudent levels of credit and liquidity risks are maintained. At

December 31, 2019,

the Bank’s primary correspondent balance was

$38,095

on deposit at the Federal Reserve Bank, Cleveland, Ohio.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Premises and Equipment:

Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, which is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the owned asset and, for leasehold improvement, over the remaining term of the leased facility, whichever is shorter. The useful lives range from

years for equipment, furniture and fixtures and

years for buildings and improvements.

Real Estate, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Foreclosed assets:

Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed. Foreclosed assets totaled

$540

and

$430

December 31, 2019

and

2018.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Goodwill, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Goodwill:

Goodwill arises from business combinations and is generally determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are

not

amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on our balance sheet. The Company has selected

December 31

as the date to perform its annual qualitative impairment test. Given that the Company has been profitable and had positive equity, the qualitative assessment indicated that it was more likely than

not

that the fair value of goodwill was more than the carrying amount, resulting in

impairment.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Long-term Assets:

Premises and equipment and other long-term assets are reviewed for impairment when events indicate their carrying amount

may

not

be recoverable from future undiscounted cash flows. If impaired, the assets are recorded at fair value.

Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Mortgage Servicing Rights:

A mortgage servicing right (“MSR”) is a contractual agreement where the right to service a mortgage loan is sold by the original lender to another party. When the Company sells mortgage loans to the secondary market, it retains the servicing rights to these loans. The Company’s MSR is recognized separately when acquired through sales of loans and is initially recorded at fair value with the income statement effect recorded in mortgage banking income. Subsequently, the MSR is then amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated future servicing income of the underlying loan. The MSR is then evaluated for impairment periodically based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount, with any impairment being recognized through a valuation allowance. Fair value of the MSR is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts. Impairment is determined by stratifying rights into groupings based on predominant risk characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type and investor type. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment

longer exists for a particular grouping, a reduction of the allowance

may

be recorded as an increase to income. At

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

the Company’s MSR assets were

$357

and

$368,

respectively.

Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Earnings Per Share:

Earnings per share is based on net income divided by the following weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods:

4,767,279

for

2019;

4,725,971

for

2018;

4,685,067

for

2017.

Ohio Valley had

dilutive effect and

potential common shares issuable under stock options or other agreements for any period presented.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes:

Income tax expense is the sum of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized at the time of enactment of such change in tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. On

December 22, 2017,

the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) was enacted, which, among other things, reduced the federal income tax rate from

34%

21%

effective

January 1, 2018.

This required the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities to be revalued using the

21%

federal tax rate enacted. The effect was recorded in the

fourth

quarter tax provision of

2017.

A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than

not”

that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than

50%

likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions

not

meeting the “more likely than

not”

test,

tax benefit is recorded. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Comprehensive Income:

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale which are also recognized as separate components of equity, net of tax.

Commitments and Contingencies, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Loss Contingencies:

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does

not

believe there now are such matters that will have a material effect on the financial statements.

Bank Owned Life Insurance and Annuity Assets [Policy Text Block]

Bank Owned Life Insurance and Annuity Assets

: The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key executives. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement. The Company also purchased an annuity investment for a certain key executive that earns interest.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), Policy [Policy Text Block]

Employee Stock Ownership Plan:

Compensation expense is based on the market price of shares as they are committed to be allocated to participant accounts.

Dividend Reinvestment Plan, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Dividend Reinvestment Plan:

The Company maintains a Dividend Reinvestment Plan. The plan enables shareholders to elect to have their cash dividends on all or a portion of shares held automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Company’s common stock. The stock is issued out of the Company’s authorized shares and credited to participant accounts at fair market value. Dividends are reinvested on a quarterly basis.

Loan Commitments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments:

Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. These financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. See Note L for more specific disclosure related to loan commitments.

Dividend Restrictions [Policy Text Block]

Dividend Restrictions:

Banking regulations require maintaining certain capital levels and

may

limit the dividends paid by the Bank to Ohio Valley or by Ohio Valley to its shareholders. See Note P for more specific disclosure related to dividend restrictions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Restrictions on Cash

Cash on hand or on deposit with a

third

-party correspondent and the Federal Reserve Bank of

$38,794

and

$60,167

was required to meet regulatory reserve and clearing requirements at year-end

2019

and

2018.

The balances on deposit with a

third

-party correspondent do

not

earn interest.

Derivatives, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Derivatives:

At the inception of a derivative contract, the Company designates the derivative as

one

three

types based on the Company’s intentions and belief as to likely effectiveness as a hedge. These

three

types are (

) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (“fair value hedge”), (

) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedge”), or (

) an instrument with

hedging designation (“stand-alone derivative”).

Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, based on the item being hedged. Net cash settlements on derivatives that do

not

qualify for hedge accounting are reported in noninterest income. Cash flows on hedges are classified in the cash flow statement the same as the cash flows of the items being hedged.

December 31, 2019

and

2018,

the Company’s only derivatives on hand were interest rate swaps, which are classified as stand-alone derivatives. See Note H for more specific disclosures related to interest rate swaps.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments:

Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note O. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Policy Text Block]

Revenue Recognition:

ASU

No.

2014

09,

“Revenue from Contracts with Customers” ASC

606

provides that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance enumerates

five

steps that entities should follow in achieving this core principle. Revenue generated from financial instruments, such as interest and dividends on loans and investment securities, are

not

included in the scope of ASC

606.

The adoption of ASC

606

did

not

result in a change to the accounting for any of the Company’s revenue streams that are within the scope of the amendments. The Company’s services that fall within the scope of ASC

606

are recognized as revenue as the Company satisfies its obligation to the customer. All of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC

606

are presented in the Company’s consolidated statements of income as components of non-interest income. The list below describes the specific revenue stream under ASC

606,

which corresponds directly to the line item within the statement of income in which it is being included:

●

Service charges on deposit accounts

– these include general service fees charged for deposit account maintenance and activity and transaction-based fees charged for certain services, such as debit card, wire transfer, or overdraft activities. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is completed, which is generally after a transaction is completed or monthly for account maintenance services.

●	Trust fees - this includes periodic fees due from trust customers for managing the customers' financial assets. Fees are generally charged on a quarterly or annual basis and are recognized ratably throughout the period, as the services are provided on an ongoing basis.

●

Electronic refund check/deposit fees

– A tax refund clearing agreement between the Bank and a tax refund product provider requires the Bank to process electronic refund checks and electronic refund deposits presented for payment on behalf of taxpayers through accounts containing taxpayer refunds. The Bank, in turn, receives a fee paid by the

third

-party tax software provider for each transaction that is processed. The amount of fees received are tiered based on the tax refund product selected. Since the Bank acts as a sub servicer in the tax process relationship, a portion of the fee collected is passed on to the tax refund product provider.

●

Debit/credit card interchange income

– includes interchange income from cardholder transactions conducted with merchants, throughout various interchange networks with which the Company participates. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, as transaction processing services are provided to the deposit customer. Gross fees from interchange are recorded in operating income separately from gross network costs, which are recorded in operating expense.

●

Gain (loss) on other real estate owned

– the Company records a gain or loss from the sale of other real estate owned (“OREO”) when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. When the Company finances the sale of OREO to the buyer, the Company assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the OREO asset is derecognized and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. In determining the gain or loss on the sale, the Company adjusts the transaction price and related gain (loss) on sale if a significant financing component is present.

All of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC

606

listed above pertained to the banking segment, with

revenue impact recognized from the consumer finance segment during the periods presented.

Reclassification, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Reclassifications:

The consolidated financial statements for

2018

and

2017

have been reclassified to conform with the presentation for

2019.

These reclassifications had

effect on the net results of operations or shareholders’ equity.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Adoption of New Accounting Standard

Updates (“ASU”)

January 1, 2019,

the Company adopted ASU

2016

02,

“Leases”, which requires the recognition of the right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and related operating and finance lease liabilities on the balance sheet. As permitted by ASU

2016

02,

the Company applied the optional transition method and elected the adoption date of

January 1, 2019.

As a result, the consolidated balance sheet prior to

January 1, 2019

was

not

restated and continues to be reported under the old guidance, which did

not

require the recognition of operating leases on the balance sheet. Therefore, the consolidated balance sheet for

2019

not

comparative to

2018.

As permitted by ASU

2016

02,

the Company elected the package of practical expedients that permits the Company to

not

reassess (

) whether a contract is or contains a lease, (

) the classification of existing leases, and (

) initial direct costs for any existing leases. As a result, leases entered into prior to

January 1, 2019

were accounted for under the old guidance and were

not

reassessed. For lease contracts entered into on or after

January 1, 2019,

the Company will assess whether the contract is or contains a lease based on (

) whether the contract involves the use of a distinct, identified asset, (

) whether the Company obtains the right to substantially all the economic benefit from the use of asset, and (

) whether the Company has the right to direct the use of asset.

The adoption of ASU

2016

had a substantial impact to our consolidated balance sheet, primarily from the recognition of the operating lease ROU assets and the liability for operating leases. Operating leases consist primarily of branch buildings and office space for both the Bank and Loan Central. The Company has

finance leases. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities were both recognized based on the present value of future lease payments, discounted with an incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease. The present value of future minimum lease payments also includes any options noted within the lease terms to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise that option. The Company elected to keep leases with an initial term of

months or less off of the consolidated balance sheet and recognize those lease payments in the consolidated statements of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases that contain variable lease payments, including payments based on an index or rate, are initially measured using the index or rate in effect at the commencement date. Additional payments based on the change in an index or rate are recorded as a period expense when incurred. Upon adoption, the Company recorded an adjustment of

$1,280

to operating ROU assets and the related lease liability. For additional information on leases, see Note E.

Beginning

January 1, 2019,

the Company adopted ASU

No.

2017

08,

“Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities Receivables”, which requires the amortization of the premium on callable debt securities to the earliest call date. The amortization period for callable debt securities purchased at a discount was

not

be impacted by the ASU. This ASU did

not

have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Accounting Guidance to be Adopted in Future Periods:

June 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

No.

2016

13,

“Financial Instruments - Credit Losses”. ASU

2016

requires entities to replace the current “incurred loss” model with an “expected loss” model, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. These expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date are to be based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU will also require enhanced disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity’s portfolio. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements that provide additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. A CECL steering committee has developed a CECL model and is evaluating the source data, various credit loss methodologies and model results in relation to the new ASU guidance. Management expects to recognize a

one

-time cumulative effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses as of the beginning of the

first

reporting period in which the new standard is effective. Management expects the adoption will result in a material increase to the allowance for loan losses balance. At this time, the impact is being evaluated. On

October 16, 2019,

the FASB confirmed it would delay the effective date of this ASU for smaller reporting companies, such as the Company, until fiscal years beginning after

December 15, 2022.