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Note 2 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Notes to Financial Statements  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]
NOTE
2
– FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  There are
three
levels of inputs that
may
be used to measure fair values:
 
Level
1:
Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
 
Level
2:
Significant other observable inputs other than Level
1
prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are
not
active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
 
Level
3:
Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
 
The following is a description of the Company’s valuation methodologies used to measure and disclose the fair values of its financial assets and liabilities on a recurring or nonrecurring basis:
 
Securities:
  The fair values for securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level
1
). For securities where quoted prices are
not
available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level
2
). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are
not
available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level
3
). During times when trading is more liquid, broker quotes are used (if available) to validate the model. Rating agency and industry research reports as well as defaults and deferrals on individual securities are reviewed and incorporated into the calculations.
 
Impaired Loans:
  At the time a loan is considered impaired, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Impaired loans carried at fair value generally receive specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals
may
utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level
3
classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral
may
be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level
3
fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.
 
Other Real Estate Owned:
  Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals
may
utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level
3
classification of the inputs for determining fair value. In some instances, fair value adjustments can be made based on a quoted price from an observable input, such as a purchase agreement. Such adjustments would be classified as a Level
2
classification.
 
Appraisals for both collateral-dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, a member of management reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with management’s own assumptions of fair value based on factors that include recent market data or industry-wide statistics.
 
On an as-needed basis, the Company reviews the fair value of collateral, taking into consideration current market data, as well as all selling costs that typically approximate
10%.
 
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
:
  The fair value of interest rate swap agreements is determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments (or receipts) and the discounted expected variable cash receipts (or payments). The variable cash receipts (or payments) are based on the expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observed market interest rate curves (Level
2
).
 
Assets
and Liabilities
Measured on a Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:
 
    Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2019 Using  
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                       
U.S. Government sponsored entity securities
   
----
    $
16,736
     
----
 
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential
   
----
     
94,506
     
----
 
Interest rate swap derivatives
   
----
     
609
     
----
 
Interest rate swap derivatives
   
----
     
(609
)    
----
 
 
    Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018 Using  
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                       
U.S. Government sponsored entity securities
   
----
    $
16,630
     
----
 
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential
   
----
     
85,534
     
----
 
Interest rate swap derivatives
   
----
     
101
     
----
 
Interest rate swap derivatives
   
----
     
(101
)    
----
 
 
There were
no
transfers between Level
1
and Level
2
during
2019
or
2018.
 
Assets
and Liabilities
Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis
There were
no
assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at
September 30, 2019.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at
December 31, 2018
are summarized below:
 
Assets:
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impaired loans:
                       
Commercial real estate:
                       
Nonowner-occupied
   
----
     
----
    $
264
 
                         
Other real estate owned:
                       
Commercial real estate:
                       
Construction
   
----
     
228
     
----
 
 
At
September 30, 2019,
the Company had
no
recorded investment of impaired loans measured for impairment using the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans and, therefore, recorded
no
impact to provision expense during the
three
and
nine
months ended
September 30, 2019.
This is compared to an increase of
$
409
to provision expense on such loans during the
three
and
nine
months ended
September 30, 2018,
with
no
additional charge-offs recognized. At
December 31, 2018,
the recorded investment of impaired loans measured for impairment using the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans totaled
$362,
with a corresponding valuation allowance of
$98,
resulting in an increase of
$4
to provision expense during the year ended
December 31, 2018,
with
no
corresponding charge-offs recognized.
 
At
September 30, 2019,
there was
no
other real estate owned that was measured at fair value less costs to sell. At
December 31, 2018,
other real estate owned that was measured at fair value less costs to sell had a net carrying amount of
$228,
which was made up of the outstanding balance of
$2,217,
net of a valuation allowance of
$1,989.
There were
no
corresponding write downs during the
three
and
nine
months ended
September 30, 2019
and
2018.
 
The following table presents quantitative information about Level
3
fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at
December 31, 2018:
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Fair Value
 
Valuation
Technique(s)
 
Unobservable
Input(s)
 
 
Range
 
(Weighted Average)
 
Impaired loans:
                               
Commercial real estate:
                               
Nonowner-occupied
  $
264
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
6.8%
to
66.7% 
   
18.0%
 
 
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at
September 30, 2019
and
December 
31,
2018
are as follows:
 
          Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2019 Using:  
   
Carrying
Value
   
 
Level 1
   
 
Level 2
   
 
Level 3
   
 
Total
 
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $
70,462
    $
70,462
    $
----
    $
----
    $
70,462
 
Certificates of deposit in financial institutions
   
2,360
     
----
     
2,360
     
----
     
2,360
 
Securities available for sale
   
111,242
     
----
     
111,242
     
----
     
111,242
 
Securities held to maturity
   
13,485
     
----
     
7,678
     
6,205
     
13,883
 
Loans, net
   
773,900
     
----
     
----
     
775,675
     
775,675
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
2,733
     
----
     
402
     
2,331
     
2,733
 
                                         
Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits, including held for sale
   
857,282
     
233,876
     
614,917
     
----
     
848,793
 
Other borrowed funds
   
34,798
     
----
     
36,493
     
----
     
36,493
 
Subordinated debentures
   
8,500
     
----
     
6,723
     
----
     
6,723
 
Accrued interest payable
   
1,860
     
3
     
1,857
     
----
     
1,860
 
 
            Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018 Using:  
   
Carrying
Value
   
 
Level 1
   
 
Level 2
   
 
Level 3
   
 
Total
 
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $
71,180
    $
71,180
    $
----
    $
----
    $
71,180
 
Certificates of deposit in financial institutions
   
2,065
     
----
     
2,065
     
----
     
2,065
 
Securities available for sale
   
102,164
     
----
     
102,164
     
----
     
102,164
 
Securities held to maturity
   
15,816
     
----
     
7,625
     
8,609
     
16,234
 
Loans, net
   
770,324
     
----
     
----
     
766,784
     
766,784
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
2,638
     
----
     
312
     
2,326
     
2,638
 
                                         
Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
   
846,704
     
237,821
     
607,593
     
----
     
845,414
 
Other borrowed funds
   
39,713
     
----
     
37,644
     
----
     
37,644
 
Subordinated debentures
   
8,500
     
----
     
7,054
     
----
     
7,054
 
Accrued interest payable
   
1,255
     
3
     
1,252
     
----
     
1,255
 
 
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do
not
reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at
one
time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because
no
market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.