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Note O - Fair Value of Financial Instruments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]
Note
O
- Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  There are
three
levels of inputs that
may
be used to measure fair values:
 
Level
1:
Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
 
Level
2:
Significant other observable inputs other than Level
1
prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are
not
active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
 
Level
3:
Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
 
The following is a description of the Company’s valuation methodologies used to measure and disclose the fair values of its financial assets and liabilities on a recurring or nonrecurring basis:
 
Securities:
The fair values for securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level
1
). For securities where quoted prices are
not
available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level
2
). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are
not
available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level
3
). During times when trading is more liquid, broker quotes are used (if available) to validate the model. Rating agency and industry research reports as well as defaults and deferrals on individual securities are reviewed and incorporated into the calculations.
 
Impaired Loans:
At the time a loan is considered impaired, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Impaired loans carried at fair value generally receive specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals
may
utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level
3
classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral
may
be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level
3
fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.
 
Other Real Estate Owned:
Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals
may
utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level
3
classification of the inputs for determining fair value. In some instances, fair value adjustments can be made based on a quoted price from an observable input, such as a purchase agreement. Such adjustments would be classified as a Level
2
classification.
 
Appraisals for both collateral-dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, a member of management reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with management’s own assumptions of fair value based on factors that include recent market data or industry-wide statistics. On an as-needed basis, the Company reviews the fair value of collateral, taking into consideration current market data, as well as all selling costs that typically approximate
10%.
  
 
Interest Rate Swap Agreements:  
The fair value of interest rate swap agreements is determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments (or receipts) and the discounted expected variable cash receipts (or payments). The variable cash receipts (or payments) are based on the expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observed market interest rate curves (Level
2
).
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:
 
   
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018, Using
 
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                       
U.S. Government sponsored entity securities
   
----
    $
16,630
     
----
 
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential
   
----
     
85,534
     
----
 
Interest rate swap derivatives
   
----
     
101
     
----
 
Interest rate swap derivatives
   
----
     
(101
)
   
----
 
 
 
   
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017, Using
 
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                       
U.S. Government sponsored entity securities
   
----
    $
13,473
     
----
 
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential
   
----
     
87,652
     
----
 
Interest rate swap derivatives
   
----
     
59
     
----
 
Interest rate swap derivatives
   
----
     
(59
)
   
----
 
 
 
There were
no
transfers between Level
1
and Level
2
during
2018
or
2017.
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are summarized below:
 
   
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018, Using
 
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                       
Impaired loans:
                       
Commercial real estate:
                       
Nonowner-occupied
  $
----
    $
----
    $
264
 
                         
Other real estate owned:
                       
Commercial real estate:
                       
Construction
   
----
     
228
     
----
 
 
   
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017, Using
 
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                       
Impaired loans:
                       
Residential real estate
   
----
     
----
    $
756
 
Commercial real estate:
                       
Nonowner-occupied
   
----
     
----
     
216
 
                         
Other real estate owned:
                       
Commercial real estate:
                       
Construction
   
----
     
----
     
822
 
 
At
December 31, 2018,
the recorded investment of impaired loans measured for impairment using the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans totaled
$362,
with a corresponding valuation allowance of
$98,
resulting in an increase of
$4
in provision expense during the year ended
December 31, 2018,
with
no
corresponding charge-offs recognized. At
December 31, 2017,
the recorded investment of impaired loans measured for impairment using the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans totaled
$972,
with
no
corresponding valuation allowance, resulting in
no
impact to provision expense during the year ended
December 31, 2017,
with
no
corresponding charge-offs recognized.
 
Other real estate owned that was measured at fair value less costs to sell at
December 31, 2018
had a net carrying amount of
$228,
which is made up of the outstanding balance of
$2,217,
net of a valuation allowance of
$1,989
at
December 31, 2018.
There were
$594
in corresponding write-downs during
2018.
Other real estate owned that was measured at fair value less costs to sell at
December 31, 2017
had a net carrying amount of
$822,
which is made up of the outstanding balance of
$2,217,
net of a valuation allowance of
$1,395
at
December 31, 2017.
There was
$68
in net appreciation during
2017.
 
The following table presents quantitative information about Level
3
fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at
December 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017:
 
December 31, 2018
 
Fair
Value
 
Valuation
Technique(s)
 
Unobservable
Input(s)
 
Range
   
(Weighted
Average)
 
Impaired loans:
                                 
Commercial real estate:
                                 
Nonowner-occupied
  $
264
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
6.8%
to
66.7%
     
18.0%
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
Fair
Value
 
Valuation
Technique(s)
 
Unobservable
Input(s)
 
Range
   
(Weighted
Average)
 
Impaired loans:
                                 
Residential real estate
  $
756
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
1.3%
to
55.9%
     
32.9%
 
Commercial real estate:
                                 
Nonowner-occupied
   
216
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
1.6%
to
50%
     
26.7%
 
                                   
Other real estate owned:
                                 
Commercial real estate:
                                 
Construction
   
822
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
5%
to
40%
     
18.1%
 
 
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at
December 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
are as follows:
 
           
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018 Using:
 
   
Carrying
Value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Financial Assets:
                                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $
71,180
    $
71,180
    $
----
    $
----
    $
71,180
 
Certificates of deposit in financial institutions
   
2,065
     
----
     
2,065
     
----
     
2,065
 
Securities available for sale
   
102,164
     
----
     
102,164
     
----
     
102,164
 
Securities held to maturity
   
15,816
     
----
     
7,625
     
8,609
     
16,234
 
Loans, net
   
770,324
     
----
     
----
     
766,784
     
766,784
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
2,638
     
----
     
312
     
2,326
     
2,638
 
                                         
Financial Liabilities:
                                       
Deposits
   
846,704
     
237,821
     
607,593
     
----
     
845,414
 
Other borrowed funds
   
39,713
     
----
     
37,644
     
----
     
37,644
 
Subordinated debentures
   
8,500
     
----
     
7,054
     
----
     
7,054
 
Accrued interest payable
   
1,255
     
3
     
1,252
     
----
     
1,255
 
 
 
           
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using:
 
   
Carrying
Value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Financial Assets:
                                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $
74,573
    $
74,573
    $
----
    $
----
    $
74,573
 
Certificates of deposit in financial institutions
   
1,820
     
----
     
1,820
     
----
     
1,820
 
Securities available for sale
   
101,125
     
----
     
101,125
     
----
     
101,125
 
Securities held to maturity
   
17,581
     
----
     
9,020
     
9,059
     
18,079
 
Loans, net
   
761,820
     
----
     
----
     
760,746
     
760,746
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
2,503
     
----
     
268
     
2,235
     
2,503
 
                                         
Financial Liabilities:
                                       
Deposits
   
856,724
     
253,655
     
602,268
     
----
     
855,923
 
Other borrowed funds
   
35,949
     
----
     
34,810
     
----
     
34,810
 
Subordinated debentures
   
8,500
     
----
     
6,678
     
----
     
6,678
 
Accrued interest payable
   
792
     
4
     
788
     
----
     
792
 
 
The methods and assumptions,
not
previously presented, used to estimate fair values are described as follows:
 
Loans
: The fair values of loans as of
December 31, 2018
follows the guidance in ASU
2016
-
01,
which prescribes an “exit price” approach in estimating and disclosing fair value of financial instruments resulting in a Level
3
classification. The fair value calculation at that date discounted estimated future cash flows using rates that incorporated discounts for credit, liquidity, and marketability factors. The fair values of loans as of
December 31, 2017
used an “entry price” approach resulting in a Level
3
classification. The fair value calculation for that date discounted estimated future cash flows using current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities.
 
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do
not
reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at
one
time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because
no
market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.