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Note 2 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]
NOTE
2
– FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  There are
three
levels of inputs that
may
be used to measure fair values:
 
Level
1:
Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
 
Level
2:
Significant other observable inputs other than Level
1
prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are
not
active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
 
Level
3:
Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
 
The following is a description of the Company’s valuation methodologies used to measure and disclose the fair values of its financial assets and liabilities on a recurring or nonrecurring basis:
 
Securities:
  The fair values for securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level
1
). For securities where quoted prices are
not
available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level
2
). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are
not
available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level
3
). During times when trading is more liquid, broker quotes are used (if available) to validate the model. Rating agency and industry research reports as well as defaults and deferrals on individual securities are reviewed and incorporated into the calculations.
 
Impaired Loans:
  At the time a loan is considered impaired, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Impaired loans carried at fair value generally receive specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals
may
utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level
3
classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral
may
be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level
3
fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.
 
Other Real Estate Owned:
  Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals
may
utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level
3
classification of the inputs for determining fair value. 
 
Appraisals for both collateral-dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, a member of management reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with management’s own assumptions of fair value based on factors that include recent market data or industry-wide statistics. On an as-needed basis, the Company reviews the fair value of collateral, taking into consideration current market data, as well as all selling costs that typically approximate
10%.
 
Assets
and Liabilities
Measured on a Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:
 
    Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2018 Using  
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                       
U.S. Government sponsored entity securities
   
----
    $
15,303
     
----
 
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential
   
----
     
90,154
     
----
 
 
 
 
    Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using  
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                       
U.S. Government sponsored entity securities
   
----
    $
13,473
     
----
 
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential
   
----
     
87,652
     
----
 
 
There were
no
transfers between Level
1
and Level
2
during
2018
or
2017.
 
Assets
and Liabilities
Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are summarized below:
 
    Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2018, Using  
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                       
Other real estate owned:
                       
Commercial real estate:
                       
Construction
   
----
     
----
    $
822
 
 
 
    Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017, Using  
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets
:
                       
Impaired loans:
                       
Commercial real estate:
                       
Nonowner-occupied
   
----
     
----
    $
216
 
Construction
   
----
     
----
     
756
 
                         
Other real estate owned:
                       
Commercial real estate:
                       
Construction
   
----
     
----
     
822
 
 
At
March 31, 2018,
the Company had
no
recorded investment in impaired loans that were measured for impairment using the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans. As a result, there was
no
impact to provision expense on such loans during the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018,
and
no
additional charge-offs recognized. This is compared to a decrease of
$221
in provision expense during the
three
months ended
March 31, 2017,
with
$558
in additional charge-offs recognized. At
December 31, 2017,
the recorded investment of impaired loans measured for impairment using the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans totaled
$972,
with
no
corresponding valuation allowance, resulting in
no
impact to provision expense and
no
charge-offs during the year ended
December 31, 2017.
 
Other real estate owned that was measured at fair value less costs to sell at
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
had a net carrying amount of
$822,
which is made up of the outstanding balance of
$2,217,
net of a valuation allowance of
$1,395.
There were
no
corresponding write downs during the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017.
 
The following table presents quantitative information about Level
3
fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017:
 
 
March 31, 2018
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
Valuation
Technique(s)
 
 
Unobservable
Input(s)
 
 
 
Range
   
 
(Weighted
Average)
 
Other real estate owned:
                                 
Commercial real estate:
                                 
Construction
  $
822
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
5%
to
40%
     
18.1%
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
Valuation
Technique(s)
 
 
Unobservable
Input(s)
 
 
 
Range
   
 
(Weighted
Average)
 
Impaired loans:
                                 
Commercial real estate:
                                 
Nonowner-occupied
  $
216
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
1.6%
to
50%
     
26.7%
 
Construction
   
756
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
1.3%
to
56%
     
32.9%
 
                                   
Other real estate owned:
                                 
Commercial real estate:
                                 
Construction
   
822
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
5%
to
40%
     
18.1%
 
 
 
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at
March 31, 2018
and
December 
31,
2017
are as follows:
 
            Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2018 Using:  
   
Carrying
Value
   
 
Level 1
   
 
Level 2
   
 
Level 3
   
 
Total
 
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $
144,162
    $
144,162
    $
----
    $
----
    $
144,162
 
Certificates of deposit in financial institutions
   
1,820
     
----
     
1,820
     
----
     
1,820
 
Securities available for sale
   
105,457
     
----
     
105,457
     
----
     
105,457
 
Securities held to maturity
   
17,353
     
----
     
8,888
     
8,921
     
17,809
 
Restricted investments in bank stocks
   
7,506
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
Loans, net
   
760,069
     
----
     
----
     
759,830
     
759,830
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
2,552
     
----
     
396
     
2,156
     
2,552
 
                                         
Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
   
919,508
     
314,413
     
603,594
     
----
     
918,007
 
Other borrowed funds
   
42,603
     
----
     
40,618
     
----
     
40,618
 
Subordinated debentures
   
8,500
     
----
     
6,376
     
----
     
6,376
 
Accrued interest payable
   
930
     
3
     
927
     
----
     
930
 
 
            Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using:  
   
Carrying
Value
   
 
Level 1
   
 
Level 2
   
 
Level 3
   
 
Total
 
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $
74,573
    $
74,573
    $
----
    $
----
    $
74,573
 
Certificates of deposit in financial institutions
   
1,820
     
----
     
1,820
     
----
     
1,820
 
Securities available for sale
   
101,125
     
----
     
101,125
     
----
     
101,125
 
Securities held to maturity
   
17,581
     
----
     
9,020
     
9,059
     
18,079
 
Restricted investments in bank stocks
   
7,506
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
Loans, net
   
761,820
     
----
     
----
     
760,746
     
760,746
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
2,503
     
----
     
268
     
2,235
     
2,503
 
                                         
Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
   
856,724
     
253,655
     
602,268
     
----
     
855,923
 
Other borrowed funds
   
35,949
     
----
     
34,810
     
----
     
34,810
 
Subordinated debentures
   
8,500
     
----
     
6,678
     
----
     
6,678
 
Accrued interest payable
   
792
     
4
     
788
     
----
     
792
 
 
The methods and assumptions,
not
previously presented, used to estimate fair values are described as follows:
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
: The carrying amounts of cash and short-term instruments approximate fair values and are classified as Level
1.
 
Certificates of
Deposit
in Financial Institutions
: The carrying amounts of certificates of deposit in financial institutions approximate fair values and are classified as Level
2.
 
Securities Held to Maturity:
  The fair values for securities held to maturity are determined in the same manner as securities held for sale and discussed earlier in this note.  Level
3
securities consist of nonrated municipal bonds and tax credit (“QZAB”) bonds.
 
Restricted Investments in Bank Stocks
: It is
not
practical to determine the fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Reserve Bank and United Bankers Bank stock due to restrictions placed on their transferability.
 
Loans
: The estimated fair value of loans as of
March 31, 2018
follows the guidance in ASU
2016
-
01,
which prescribes an “exit price” approach in estimating and disclosing fair value of financial instruments. The fair value calculation at that date discounted estimated future cash flows using rates that incorporated discounts for credit, liquidity, and marketability factors. The fair value estimate shown as of
December 31, 2017
used an “entry price” approach. The fair value calculation for that date discounted estimated future cash flows using current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. Consequently, the fair value disclosures for
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
are
not
directly comparable.
 
Deposits
: The fair values disclosed for noninterest-bearing deposits are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amount) resulting in a Level
1
classification. The carrying amounts of variable-rate, fixed-term money market accounts and certificates of deposit approximate their fair values at the reporting date resulting in a Level
2
classification. Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flows calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits resulting in a Level
2
classification.
 
Other Borrowed Funds
: The carrying values of the Company’s short-term borrowings, generally maturing within
ninety
days, approximate their fair values resulting in a Level
2
classification. The fair values of the Company’s long-term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level
2
classification.
 
Subordinated Debentures
: The fair values of the Company’s Subordinated Debentures are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level
2
classification.
 
Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable
: The carrying amount of accrued interest approximates fair value, resulting in a classification that is consistent with the earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities with which it is associated.
 
Off-balance Sheet Instruments
:  Fair values for off-balance sheet, credit-related financial instruments are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. The fair value of commitments is
not
material.
 
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do
not
reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at
one
time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because
no
market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.